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Abstract
Recently, as flexible and wearable electronic devices have become widely popular, research on light weight and large-capacity batteries suitable for powering such devices has been actively conducted. In particular, graphene has attracted considerable attention from researchers in the battery field owing to its good mechanical properties and its applicability in various processes to fabricate electrodes for batteries. Graphene is classified into two types: flake-type, fabricated from graphite, and film-type, synthesized using chemical vapor deposition. The unique processes involved in these two types enable the fabrication of flexible and stretchable batteries with various shapes and functions. In this article, the recent progress in the development of flexible and stretchable batteries based on graphene, as well as its important technical issues are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Dae Kim
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Arijit Sarkar
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hyun Ahn
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
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Ko KJ, Kim YH, Kwon KH, Kim MH, Jun KW, Hwang JK, Kim SD, Park SC, Kim JI, Yun SS, Moon IS. Kidney Transplantation Using Expanded-Criteria Deceased Donors: A Comparison With Ideal Deceased Donors and Non-Expanded-Criteria Deceased Donors. Transplant Proc 2018; 50:3222-3227. [PMID: 30577189 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2018.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The use of expanded-criteria deceased-donor (ECD) kidneys must be evaluated within the objective perspective of critical organ shortage and graft function and survival. In this study, we aimed to compare the clinical outcomes of ECD reliance with concurrent use of ideal-criteria deceased donors (IDDs) and non-ECDs in adult renal transplantation. METHODS Between February 2000 and December 2015, we analyzed 405 deceased-donor renal transplants, specifically 129 grafts (31.9%) from ECDs, 233 grafts (57.5%) from non-ECDs, and 43 grafts (10.6%) from IDDs. ECDs were classified according to the United Network for Organ Sharing guidelines, while an IDD was defined as a younger person (10-39 years of age) with no medical risk factors who died from a traumatic head injury. Donor and recipient risk factors were separately analyzed and correlated with recipient graft function, and survival was evaluated. RESULTS ECDs were older (56.8 ± 6.3 years); showed increased incidence of hypertension, diabetes, and cerebrovascular brain death; and had a higher pre-retrieval serum creatinine level than the other groups. ECD kidney recipients were also older (50.6 ± 9.8 years), had a shorter waiting time (P = .031), and demonstrated a low frequency of re-transplantation (P = .028). Long-term renal function followed longitudinally was lower in ECD kidney recipients until five years after transplantation, while the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) level at 7 and 10 years did not differ significantly among the groups (P = .074 and .262, respectively). There were no significant differences in terms of graft survival (P = .394) or patient survival (P = .737) among the groups. CONCLUSIONS Although the long-term renal function followed longitudinally was lower in ECD kidney recipients, the use of renal grafts from ECDs is an acceptable method to resolve the disparity of critical organ shortage. However, the classification of the high-risk group should be updated with consideration given to differences in regional characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Ko
- Department of Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Y H Kim
- Department of Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - K H Kwon
- Department of Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - M H Kim
- Department of Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - K W Jun
- Department of Surgery, Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - J K Hwang
- Department of Surgery, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| | - S D Kim
- Department of Surgery, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - S C Park
- Department of Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J I Kim
- Department of Surgery, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - S S Yun
- Department of Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - I S Moon
- Department of Surgery, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Lee W, Liu Y, Lee Y, Sharma BK, Shinde SM, Kim SD, Nan K, Yan Z, Han M, Huang Y, Zhang Y, Ahn JH, Rogers JA. Two-dimensional materials in functional three-dimensional architectures with applications in photodetection and imaging. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1417. [PMID: 29650957 PMCID: PMC5897379 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03870-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient and highly functional three-dimensional systems that are ubiquitous in biology suggest that similar design architectures could be useful in electronic and optoelectronic technologies, extending their levels of functionality beyond those achievable with traditional, planar two-dimensional platforms. Complex three-dimensional structures inspired by origami, kirigami have promise as routes for two-dimensional to three-dimensional transformation, but current examples lack the necessary combination of functional materials, mechanics designs, system-level architectures, and integration capabilities for practical devices with unique operational features. Here, we show that two-dimensional semiconductor/semi-metal materials can play critical roles in this context, through demonstrations of complex, mechanically assembled three-dimensional systems for light-imaging capabilities that can encompass measurements of the direction, intensity and angular divergence properties of incident light. Specifically, the mechanics of graphene and MoS2, together with strategically configured supporting polymer films, can yield arrays of photodetectors in distinct, engineered three-dimensional geometries, including octagonal prisms, octagonal prismoids, and hemispherical domes. The strain tolerance and promising optoelectronic properties of 2D materials can be leveraged to design functional optical sensing devices. Here, the authors provide a demonstration of arrays of independently addressable photodetectors constructed from graphene and MoS2 engineered in 3D Kirigami geometries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonho Lee
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Center for Mechanics and Materials and Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, AML, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Yongjun Lee
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Bhupendra K Sharma
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sachin M Shinde
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Dae Kim
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Kewang Nan
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Chemistry, Mechanical Engineering, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Simpson Querrey Institute for Nano/Biotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Zheng Yan
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Chemistry, Mechanical Engineering, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Simpson Querrey Institute for Nano/Biotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Mengdi Han
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Chemistry, Mechanical Engineering, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Simpson Querrey Institute for Nano/Biotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Yonggang Huang
- Departments of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, and Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Yihui Zhang
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Center for Mechanics and Materials and Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, AML, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Jong-Hyun Ahn
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - John A Rogers
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Chemistry, Mechanical Engineering, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Simpson Querrey Institute for Nano/Biotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
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Sengupta S, Kim J, Kim SD. Forecasting New Features and Market Adoption of Wearable Devices Using TRIZ and Growth Curves: Case of Fitness Tracking Products. Int J Innovation Technol Management 2018. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219877018500098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the application of a combination of TRIZ and Bass modeling to forecast the technology growth projections for one of the wearable devices, fitness trackers. For the TRIZ modeling, the fitness tracking system was divided into three subsystems and each was analyzed as per the technology trends from current literature. The subsystems’ combined assessment was then visualized via a radar plot. The analysis showed the technology to be in an emergent state with primary growth in the hardware and software subsystem areas. The Bass model showed the market peaking at eight and saturating in 15 years.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jisun Kim
- Department Engineering of Technology Management, Portland State University, Oregon, USA
| | - Seong Dae Kim
- Department Engineering and Science Project Management, University of Alaska Anchorage, Alaska, USA
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Bhuiyan MSA, Kim HJ, Lee DH, Lee SH, Cho SH, Yang BS, Kim SD, Lee SH. Genetic parameters of carcass and meat quality traits in different muscles (longissimus dorsi and semimembranosus) of Hanwoo (Korean cattle). J Anim Sci 2018; 95:3359-3369. [PMID: 28805895 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2017.1493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We estimated heritability () and genetic and phenotypic correlations for carcass and meat quality traits of longissimus dorsi (LD) and semimembranosus (SM) muscles in 30-mo-old Hanwoo steers. Variance and covariance components were estimated using REML procedures under univariate and bivariate models. The mean carcass weight (CWT), eye muscle area (EMA), back fat thickness (BFT), and marbling score (MS) were 428.20 ± 46.30 kg, 87.38 ± 8.54 cm2, 13.00 ± 5.14 mm, and 5.21 ± 1.56, respectively. The mean CIE reflectance of meat lightness (L*), redness (a*), and yellowness (b*) were 40.01 ± 2.73, 22.37 ± 2.18, and 10.35 ± 1.46, respectively, in LD muscles and 36.33 ± 2.44, 22.91 ± 2.43, and 10.25 ± 1.65, respectively, in SM muscles. The mean Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF), intramuscular fat content (IMF), water-holding capacity (WHC), and protein and ash content in LD and SM muscles were 3.84 ± 0.96 and 6.52 ± 1.21 kg, 15.91 ± 4.39 and 5.10 ± 1.94%, 62.07 ± 3.38 and 71.61 ± 2.06%, 20.01 ± 1.39 and 21.34 ± 0.89%, and 0.80 ± 0.10 and 0.93 ± 0.07, respectively. The estimates of CWT, EMA, BFT, and MS were 0.51 ± 0.13, 0.45 ± 0.13, 0.29 ± 0.09, and 0.22 ± 0.08, respectively. The estimates were moderate for meat quality traits and were 0.37 ± 0.12, 0.40 ± 0.12, 0.33 ± 0.10, 0.33 ± 0.10, 0.30 ± 0.11, and 0.24 ± 0.09 for L*, WBSF, IMF, WHC, and protein and ash content, respectively, in LD muscle; estimates from SM muscle were comparatively low (0.08 ± 0.06 to 0.25 ± 0.09). Estimates of for a* and b* were also low (0.08 ± 0.06 to 0.13 ± 0.07). Carcass weight had a moderate, positive genetic correlation with EMA (0.60 ± 0.13) and a weak correlation with MS and BFT. The genetic correlations among the 3 colorimeter variants were strong and positive within and between muscles. Intramuscular fat content had moderate to strong and negative genetic correlations with WBSF (-0.49 ± 0.18), WHC (-0.99 ± 0.01), and protein (-0.93 ± 0.04) and ash content (-0.98 ± 0.06) in LD muscle, whereas the associations were less pronounced in SM muscle. In general, CWT and EMA had low genetic and phenotypic correlations with meat quality traits, which suggests that the traits are independent and have distinct genetic contributions in each muscle. Conversely, with few exceptions, meat quality traits had genetic and phenotypic correlations with MS and BFT. In conclusion, the estimated genetic parameters for carcass and meat quality traits could be used for genetic evaluation and breeding programs in Korean Hanwoo cattle populations.
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Son Y, Heo K, Bae MJ, Lee CG, Cho WS, Kim SD, Yang K, Shin IS, Lee MY, Kim JS. Injury to the blood-testis barrier after low-dose-rate chronic radiation exposure in mice. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2015; 167:316-320. [PMID: 25948832 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncv270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to ionising radiation induces male infertility, accompanied by increasing permeability of the blood-testis barrier. However, the effect on male fertility by low-dose-rate chronic radiation has not been investigated. In this study, the effects of low-dose-rate chronic radiation on male mice were investigated by measuring the levels of tight-junction-associated proteins (ZO-1 and occludin-1), Niemann-Pick disease type 2 protein (NPC-2) and antisperm antibody (AsAb) in serum. BALB/c mice were exposed to low-dose-rate radiation (3.49 mGy h(-1)) for total exposures of 0.02 (6 h), 0.17 (2 d) and 1.7 Gy (21 d). Based on histological examination, the diameter and epithelial depth of seminiferous tubules were significantly decreased in 1.7-Gy-irradiated mice. Compared with those of the non-irradiated group, 1.7-Gy-irradiated mice showed significantly decreased ZO-1, occludin-1 and NPC-2 protein levels, accompanied with increased serum AsAb levels. These results suggest potential blood-testis barrier injury and immune infertility in male mice exposed to low-dose-rate chronic radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Son
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences (DIRAMS), Jwadong-gil 40, Gijang-gun, Busan 619-953, South Korea
| | - K Heo
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences (DIRAMS), Jwadong-gil 40, Gijang-gun, Busan 619-953, South Korea
| | - M J Bae
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences (DIRAMS), Jwadong-gil 40, Gijang-gun, Busan 619-953, South Korea
| | - C G Lee
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences (DIRAMS), Jwadong-gil 40, Gijang-gun, Busan 619-953, South Korea
| | - W S Cho
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences (DIRAMS), Jwadong-gil 40, Gijang-gun, Busan 619-953, South Korea
| | - S D Kim
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences (DIRAMS), Jwadong-gil 40, Gijang-gun, Busan 619-953, South Korea
| | - K Yang
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences (DIRAMS), Jwadong-gil 40, Gijang-gun, Busan 619-953, South Korea
| | - I S Shin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - M Y Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - J S Kim
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences (DIRAMS), Jwadong-gil 40, Gijang-gun, Busan 619-953, South Korea College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
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Park SJ, Shim JW, Park HS, Eum DY, Park MT, Mi Yi J, Choi SH, Kim SD, Son TG, Lu W, Kim ND, Yang K, Heo K. MacroH2A1 downregulation enhances the stem-like properties of bladder cancer cells by transactivation of Lin28B. Oncogene 2015; 35:1292-301. [PMID: 26028027 PMCID: PMC4791524 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The histone variant, macroH2A1, has an important role in embryonic stem cell differentiation and tumor progression in various types of tumors. However, the regulatory roles of macroH2A1 on bladder cancer progression have not been fully elucidated. Here, we show that macroH2A1 knockdown promotes stem-like properties of bladder cancer cells. The knockdown of macroH2A1 in bladder cancer cells increased tumorigenicity, radioresistance, degeneration of reactive oxygen species, increased sphere formation capability and an increase in the proportion of side populations. We found that macroH2A1 is required for the suppression of Lin28B identified as a novel downstream target of macroH2A1 in bladder cancer. Loss of macroH2A1 expression significantly correlated with the elevated levels of Lin28B expression and subsequently inhibited the mature let-7 microRNA expression. Furthermore, the stable overexpression of Lin28B enhances the several phenotypes, including tumorigenicity and sphere-forming ability, which are induced by macroH2A1 depletion. Importantly, Lin28B expression was regulated by macroH2A1-mediated reciprocal binding of p300 and EZH2/SUV39H1. Our results suggest that Lin28B/let-7 pathway is tightly regulated by macroH2A1 and its cofactors, and have a pivotal role in the bladder tumor progression and the regulation of stem-like characteristics of bladder cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-J Park
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Science (DIRAMS), Busan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - J W Shim
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Science (DIRAMS), Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - H S Park
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Science (DIRAMS), Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - D-Y Eum
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Science (DIRAMS), Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - M-T Park
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Science (DIRAMS), Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - J Mi Yi
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Science (DIRAMS), Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - S H Choi
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Science (DIRAMS), Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - S D Kim
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Science (DIRAMS), Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - T G Son
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Science (DIRAMS), Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - W Lu
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - N D Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - K Yang
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Science (DIRAMS), Busan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Dongnam Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - K Heo
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Science (DIRAMS), Busan, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
This work demonstrates a simple route to develop mechanically flexible electrodes for Li-ion batteries (LIBs) that are usable as lightweight effective conducting networks for both cathodes and anodes. Removing electrochemically dead elements, such as binders, conducting agents and metallic current collectors, from the battery components will allow remarkable progress in this area. To investigate the feasibility of using thick, additive-free graphene films as anodes for flexible LIBs, we have synthesized and tested thick, additive-free, freestanding graphene films as anodes, first in a coin cell and further in a flexible full cell. As an anode material in a half cell, it showed a discharge capacity of about 350 mA h g(-1) and maintained nearly this capacity over 50 cycles at various current rates. This film was also tested as an anode material in a full cell with a LiCoO2 cathode and showed good electrochemical performance. Because the graphene-based flexible film showed good performance in half- and full coin cells, we used this film as a flexible anode for flexible LIBs. No conducting agent or binder was used in the anode side, which helped in realizing the flexible LIBs. Using this, we demonstrate a thin, lightweight and flexible lithium ion battery with good electrochemical performance in both its flat and bent states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuldeep Rana
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749, Korea.
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Hwang JK, Kim JM, Kim YK, Kim SD, Park SC, Kim JI, Nam HW, Kim J, Moon IS. The early protective effect of glutamine pretreatment and ischemia preconditioning in renal ischemia-reperfusion injury of rat. Transplant Proc 2014; 45:3203-8. [PMID: 24182785 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2013.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Revised: 07/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heat shock proteins (HSP) play an important role in protecting cells against stress. METHODS Using a rat model, we tested the hypothesis that pretreatment with glutamine (Gln) and ischemia preconditioning (IPC) increase the expression of HSP resulting in attenuation of renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into 4 groups [group I, Gln injection (+), IPC (+); group II, Gln injection (+), IPC (-); group III, saline injection (+), IPC (+); group IV, saline injection (+), IPC (-)]. Renal HSP70 expression was determined by Western blotting and kidney function was assessed by blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine. Renal cross-sections were microscopically examined for tubular necrosis, exfoliation of tubular epithelial cells, cast formation, and monocyte infiltration. RESULTS Gln pretreatment increased intrarenal HSP expression (P = .031). In group I, tubulointerstitial abnormalities were clearly slighter compared with the other groups (P < .001). CONCLUSION Our experiments suggest that (1) a single dose of Gln could induce HSP expression and (2) IPC could relieve renal I/R injury. In addition, IPC combined with Gln pretreatment had a synergic protective effect against renal I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Hwang
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Hwang JK, Chun HJ, Kim JM, Kwon KH, Kim YK, Kim SD, Park SC, Choi BS, Kim JI, Yang CW, Kim YS, Moon IS. Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography in the early period after kidney transplantation. Transplant Proc 2014; 45:2925-30. [PMID: 24157005 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2013.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Our objective was to evaluate the usefulness of three-dimensional (3-D) contrast-enhanced (CE) magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) to assess renal parenchyma, arterial inflow stenosis, and peritransplant fluid collections in the early period after kidney transplantation (KT). Between January 2010 and April 2011, we examined a consecutive series of 144 renal transplants using 3-D CE MRA at 14 days after KT. MRA showed parenchyma infarctions (n = 17, 11.8%), arterial inflow stenoses (n = 23, 16%), lymphoceles (n = 14, 9.7%), and hematomas (n = 6, 4.2%). The degree of renal transplant artery inflow stenosis was graded qualitatively based on diameter criterion; <50% = mild, 50% to 70% = moderate, and >70% = severe in 10 (6.9%), 5 (3.5%), and 8 (5.6%) subjects, respectively. The study recipients were divided into 3 groups according to the degree of renal artery inflow stenosis (group I: normal; group II: mild and moderate, <70%; group III: severe, >70%). Among group III patients who underwent digital subtraction angiography, 5 had percutaneous transluminal angioplasty or stenting performed after 1 month. Their mean resume creatinine levels at 1, 6, and 12 months after transplantation were not significantly different from those in the other groups (P = .391, .447, .110). The prevalence of graft loss (n = 2) was high in group III (P = .012), although the frequency of acute rejection episodes was not different among the groups (P = .890). The incidences of renal parenchyma infarction, peritransplant fluid collection and arterial inflow stenosis were unexpectedly high in the early period after KT. Thus, 3-D CE MRA provided a rapid global assessment of the renal parenchyma, transplant arterial system, and peritransplant fluid collection that can be helpful to detect or exclude many causes of renal transplant dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Hwang
- Division of Transplantation Surgery, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Park GY, Han JY, Han YK, Kim SD, Kim JS, Jo WS, Chun SH, Jeong DH, Lee CW, Yang K, Lee CG. 14-3-3 eta depletion sensitizes glioblastoma cells to irradiation due to enhanced mitotic cell death. Cancer Gene Ther 2014; 21:158-63. [DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2014.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Endale M, Lee WM, Kamruzzaman SM, Kim SD, Park JY, Park MH, Park TY, Park HJ, Cho JY, Rhee MH. Ginsenoside-Rp1 inhibits platelet activation and thrombus formation via impaired glycoprotein VI signalling pathway, tyrosine phosphorylation and MAPK activation. Br J Pharmacol 2013; 167:109-27. [PMID: 22471932 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.01967.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Ginsenosides are the main constituents for the pharmacological effects of Panax ginseng. Such effects of ginsenosides including cardioprotective and anti-platelet activities have shown stability and bioavailability limitations. However, information on the anti-platelet activity of ginsenoside-Rp1 (G-Rp1), a stable derivative of ginsenoside-Rg3, is scarce. We examined the ability of G-Rp1 to modulate agonist-induced platelet activation. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH G-Rp1 in vitro and ex vivo effects on agonist-induced platelet-aggregation, granule-secretion, [Ca(2+) ](i) mobilization, integrin-α(IIb) β(3) activation were examined. Vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) and MAPK expressions and levels of tyrosine phosphorylation of the glycoprotein VI (GPVI) signalling pathway components were also studied. G-Rp1 effects on arteriovenous shunt thrombus formation in rats or tail bleeding time and ex vivo coagulation time in mice were determined. KEY RESULT: G-Rp1 markedly inhibited platelet aggregation induced by collagen, thrombin or ADP. While G-Rp1 elevated cAMP levels, it dose-dependently suppressed collagen-induced ATP-release, thromboxane secretion, p-selectin expression, [Ca(2+) ](i) mobilization and α(IIb) β(3) activation and attenuated p38(MAPK) and ERK2 activation. Furthermore, G-Rp1 inhibited tyrosine phosphorylation of multiple components (Fyn, Lyn, Syk, LAT, PI3K and PLCγ2) of the GPVI signalling pathway. G-Rp1 inhibited in vivo thrombus formation and ex vivo platelet aggregation and ATP secretion without affecting tail bleeding time and coagulation time, respectively. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS G-Rp1 inhibits collagen-induced platelet activation and thrombus formation through modulation of early GPVI signalling events, and this effect involves VASP stimulation, and ERK2 and p38(-MAPK) inhibition. These data suggest that G-Rp1 may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases involving aberrant platelet activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Endale
- Laboratory of Physiology & Cell Signaling, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
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Hwang JK, Kim YK, Kim SD, Park SC, Choi BS, Kim JI, Yang CW, Kim YS, Moon IS. Does donor kidney to recipient body weight ratio influence long-term outcomes of living-donor kidney transplantation? Transplant Proc 2012; 44:276-80. [PMID: 22310632 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2011.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of the donor kidney to recipient body weight (Kw/Rw) ratio on long-term graft function and survival. We investigated retrospectively whether there was any association between Kw/Rw ratio and long-term graft survival and function after a follow-up of >10 years. We studied a consecutive series of 123 adult-to-adult living kidney transplants. According to the Kw/Rw ratio, patients were divided into 3 groups: "low" (Kw/Rw <2.85; n = 29), "medium" (2.85 ≤ Kw/Rw < 4.04; n = 63), and "high" (≥4.04; n = 31). Among the 3 groups, the mean serum creatinine levels at 1 and 6 months as well as 1 year after transplantation were significantly lower among patients with a high Kw/Rw ratio than in those with a medium or low ratio, but serum creatinine levels at 3 and 5 years did not differ significantly (P = .394 and 0.620, respectively). Graft survival rates at 5 and 10 years after transplantation were significantly lower in the "low" group. We observed a significant association between Kw/Rw ratio and graft survival (P = .018). The Kw/Rw ratio is an important factor for long-term graft survival and early graft function. However, it did not significantly affect subsequent renal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Hwang
- Division of Transplantation Surgery, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Kim HJ, Cha ES, Ko Y, Kim J, Kim SD, Lee WJ. Pesticide poisonings in South Korea: findings from the National Hospital Discharge Survey 2004-2006. Hum Exp Toxicol 2012; 31:751-8. [PMID: 22249390 DOI: 10.1177/0960327111431709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pesticide poisoning stands as a major public health issue worldwide. The objective of this study was to examine the epidemiologic characteristics of pesticide-related hospitalizations in South Korea. METHODS Data from the Korea National Hospital Discharge Survey were analyzed to describe the epidemiologic characteristics of pesticide poisoning among hospitalized patients from 2004 through 2006. Pesticide-related hospitalizations were identified using the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision codes. National estimates of pesticide-related hospitalizations were calculated using sampling weights for number of hospitalizations. RESULTS A total of 25,982 pesticide-related hospitalizations were estimated during the years 2004-2006, yielding an average annual pesticide-related hospitalization rate of 17.8 per 100,000 population in South Korea. Age-specific rates for pesticide-related hospitalization increased with age, with the highest rate noted among those aged 70 or above. The majority of pesticide-related hospitalization was cases of intentional poisoning in rural areas. Seasonal variation in the rate was observed, with summer being the highest among both men and women. CONCLUSIONS Pesticide-related hospitalization is prevalent and demonstrates demographic and seasonal and regional variations. More effective strategies to reduce pesticide-related hospitalizations are required in South Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
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Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the ability of E. coli in river sediments to degrade estrogen conjugates. Biodegradation experiments on glucuronide estrogens (E1-GLU, E2-GLU and E3-GLU) using E. coli, non-E. coli bacteria as well as sediment crude extracts were carried out in batch mode. A pure identified E. coli strain (KCTC 2571) was used for comparison of enzyme activity. The results showed that the degradation rate of estrogen conjugates by KCTC 2571 and E. coli isolated from sediments followed a similar trend. Fecal bacteria showed a high ability to deconjugate glucuronided estrogens. Approximately 50% of glucuronide moieties were cleaved within 4 h of contact time in experiments using pure E. coli. The degradation rate was slower in experiments using crude extracts of sediments, and conjugated estrogens were not completely degraded even after 12 h of reaction. These results provide a clear understanding of the fate and behavior of estrogen by bacteria in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- C N Duong
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 261 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-712, South Korea
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Park SJ, Yoo HY, Earm YE, Kim SJ, Kim JK, Kim SD. Role of arachidonic acid-derived metabolites in the control of pulmonary arterial pressure and hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in rats. Br J Anaesth 2010; 106:31-7. [PMID: 20935003 DOI: 10.1093/bja/aeq268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The roles of arachidonic acid (AA) metabolites in hypoxia-induced pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV), a critical physiological mechanism that prevents ventilation/perfusion mismatch, are still incompletely understood. METHODS Pulmonary arterial pressure was measured in ventilated/perfused rat lungs. Isometric tones of rat intralobar pulmonary arteries were also measured, using a myograph. RESULTS Hypoxia (Po₂, 3%)-induced pulmonary arterial pressure increases (ΔPAP(hypox)) were stable with blood-mixed perfusate, but decayed spontaneously. ΔPAP(hypox) was inhibited by 29%, 16%, and 28% by the thromboxane A₂ (TXA₂) antagonist SQ-29548, the 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor, MK886, and the leukotriene D₄ antagonist, LY-171883, respectively. The prostacyclin synthase inhibitor tranylcypromine augmented ΔPAP(hypox) by 5%, whereas inhibition of cytochrome P450 did not affect ΔPAP(hypox). Consistently, the TXA₂ analogue U46619 increased ΔPAP(hypox) whereas prostacyclin abolished ΔPAP(hypox). However, leukotriene D₄ had no direct effect on ΔPAP(hypox). In the isolated pulmonary arteries, pretreatment with U46619 was essential to demonstrate hypoxia-induced contraction. CONCLUSIONS The above results suggest that TXA₂ and cysteinyl leukotrienes, other than leukotriene D₄, are endogenous factors that facilitate HPV in rats. The indispensable role of TXA₂-induced pretone in the HPV of isolated pulmonary arteries indicates that the signal from thromboxane receptors might be a critical component of oxygen sensation mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Park
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea
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Affiliation(s)
- J S You
- Department of Emergency Medicine & Critical Care Medicine, Seo-Ulsan Boram Hospital, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
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Lim HS, Kim YS, Kim SD. Pseudomonas stutzeri YPL-1 Genetic Transformation and Antifungal Mechanism against Fusarium solani, an Agent of Plant Root Rot. Appl Environ Microbiol 2010; 57:510-6. [PMID: 16348417 PMCID: PMC182741 DOI: 10.1128/aem.57.2.510-516.1991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
An actively antagonistic bacterium that could be used as a biocontrol agent against Fusarium solani, which causes root rots with considerable losses in many important crops, was isolated from a ginseng rhizosphere and identified as a strain of Pseudomonas stutzeri. In several biochemical tests with culture filtrates of P. stutzeri YPL-1 and in mutational analyses of antifungal activities of reinforced or defective mutants, we found that the anti-F. solani mechanism of the bacterium may involve a lytic enzyme rather than a toxic substance or antibiotic. P. stutzeri YPL-1 produced extracellular chitinase and laminarinase when grown on different polymers such as chitin, laminarin, or F. solani mycelium. These lytic extracellular enzymes markedly inhibited mycelial growth rather than spore germination and also caused lysis of F. solani mycelia and germ tubes. Scanning electron microscopy revealed degradation of the F. solani mycelium. Abnormal hyphal swelling and retreating were caused by the lysing agents from P. stutzeri YPL-1, and a penetration hole was formed on the hyphae in the region of interaction with the bacterium; the walls of this region were rapidly lysed, causing leakage of protoplasm. Genetically bred P. stutzeri YPL-1 was obtained by transformation of the bacterium with a broad-host-range vector, pKT230. Also, the best conditions for the transformation were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Lim
- Department of Applied Microbiology, Yeungnam University, Gyongsan 713-749, Korea
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Kim JT, Na HS, Kim HS, Kim CS, Kim SD. CPAP of 10 cmH2O during cardiopulmonary bypass followed by an alveolar recruitment manoeuvre does not improve post-bypass oxygenation compared to a recruitment manoeuvre alone in children. Anaesth Intensive Care 2010; 38:291-4. [PMID: 20369762 DOI: 10.1177/0310057x1003800227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This randomised controlled study assessed whether continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) of 10 cmH2O during cardiopulmonary bypass improves post-bypass oxygenation in children compared with no CPAP during bypass. We studied children with a ventricular septal defect. CPAP of 10 cmH2O was applied during bypass in the CPAP group (n=24), whereas the lungs were left deflated in the control group (n=20). In both groups, an alveolar recruitment maneuver was performed by applying positive pressure of 30 to 40 cmH2O for five seconds before weaning from bypass. Postoperative ventilation had the peak inflation pressure set to produce an expired tidal volume of 8 ml/kg with positive end expiratory pressure of 5 cmH2O. Arterial blood gas and haemodynamic measurements were performed at skin incision, five minutes after weaning from bypass, five minutes after chest closure and four hours after arrival in the intensive care unit. In four children CPAP was discontinued because it adversely affected the operating field. There was no difference in demographic characteristics, haemodynamic data, bypass time and operation time. No difference was observed between the groups with respect to pH, PaO2, P(A-a) DO2, PaCO2, and ETCO2 at each time. Variability in the data was greater than expected, leading to a decrease in the expected power of the study. CPAP at 10 cmH2O during bypass was not found to improve the post-bypass oxygenation as compared with leaving the lung deflated during bypass in children undergoing ventricular septal defect repair who had an alveolar recruitment maneuver at the end of bypass.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Park JH, Kim SD, Kim WJ. A decision-boundary-oriented feature selection method and its application to face recognition. Pattern Recognit Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.patrec.2009.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Na HS, Kim JT, Kim HS, Bahk JH, Kim CS, Kim SD. Practical anatomic landmarks for determining the insertion depth of central venous catheter in paediatric patients. Br J Anaesth 2009; 102:820-3. [PMID: 19380312 DOI: 10.1093/bja/aep078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various methods have been recommended to decide a proper insertion depth of central venous catheter (CVC). The carina is recommended as a useful target level for the CVC tip position. We evaluated the sternal head of a right clavicle and the nipples as anatomic landmarks for determining the optimal depth of CVC in paediatric patients. METHODS Ninety children, <5 yr, undergoing catheterization through the right internal jugular vein were enrolled. The insertion depth was determined as follows. The insertion point was designated as 'Point I'. The sternal head of the right clavicle was called 'Point A' and the midpoint of the perpendicular line drawn from Point A to the line connecting both nipples was called 'Point B'. The insertion depth of CVC was determined by adding the two distances (from I to A and from A to B) and subtracting 0.5 cm from this. A chest radiography was taken and the distance of the CVC tip from the carina level was measured by the Picture Archiving and Communicating System. RESULTS The mean distance of the CVC tip from the carina level was 0.1 (1.0) (P=0.293) cm above the carina (95% CI 0.1 cm below the carina-0.3 cm above the carina). There was no specific relationship between the distance of the CVC tip from the carina level and the patients' age, height, and weight. CONCLUSIONS The CVC tip could be placed near the carina by using the external landmarks without any formulae, images, and devices in children in our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Na
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
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Chung NT, Ra JS, Park K, Kim DW, Kim SD. Toxicity of artificial runoff fostered with dry deposition particulates from industrial, commercial, and highway area in Gwangju, Korea. Water Sci Technol 2009; 59:2227-2235. [PMID: 19494463 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2009.258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The adverse effects of rainwater and artificial urban runoff (an imitation of urban runoff during rainfall event) were investigated using a battery of bioassays employing three test species. Urban dusts were collected at three representative sites; commercial, industrial and highway areas. The water quality parameters of rainwater and artificial runoff revealed low hardness (23.4 approximately 34.2 mg*L(-1) as CaCO(3)) and alkalinity (7.0 approximately 34.2 mg*L(-1) as CaCO(3)). High toxicities were observed in the bioassays for the artificial runoffs. The average toxic units for D. magna, S. capricornutum, and O. latipes were 1.26(+/-0.84), 1.34(+/-1.10) and 2.05(+/-1.08), respectively. Of these species, O. latipes revealed significantly higher toxicity compared to D. magna and S. capricornutum (p < 0.05). Embryo lesions were observed with 6.25% treatments, and these significantly increased at 12.5% treatments (p < 0.05). The EC(50) values for each artificial runoff were 22.5, 22.6 and 25.4% for commercial, industrial and highway areas, respectively. With 12.5% treatment, significant delays in hatching times were observed (p < 0.05); all embryos tested did not hatched at 100% treatment. Similarly, a significant decrease in hatching success was observed at every sampling point from 25% treatment (p < 0.05). The adverse effects of artificial runoff on the three test species suggests that urban surface runoff can cause significant impairment in aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- N T Chung
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-712, South Korea
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Kim JT, Na HS, Bae JY, Kim DW, Kim HS, Kim CS, Kim SD. GlideScope video laryngoscope: a randomized clinical trial in 203 paediatric patients. Br J Anaesth 2008; 101:531-4. [PMID: 18689807 DOI: 10.1093/bja/aen234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The GlideScope intubating device has been reported to provide a comparable or superior laryngoscopic view compared with direct laryngoscopy in adults. This study compared the use of the GlideScope with direct laryngoscopy for the laryngoscopic view and intubation time in children. METHODS The laryngoscopic view in 203 children was scored using both the Macintosh laryngoscope and the GlideScope using Cormack and Lehane (C&L) grades. After scoring each laryngoscopic view with and without BURP, the patients were randomly allocated to two groups. The trachea was intubated using direct laryngoscopy (Group DL, n=100) or the GlideScope (Group GS, n=103). We compared C&L grades for the two views in the same patient, and also the time to intubate for each group. RESULTS The GlideScope improved the view without BURP in the patients with C&L grade 2 (16/26, P<0.01) and with C&L grades 3 and 4 (7/11, P<0.05). The view with BURP was also improved by the GlideScope in C&L grade 2 (4/9, P<0.05) and with C&L grades 3 and 4 (4/5, P=0.059). The mean time for tracheal intubation was 36.0 (17.9) s in the GS group and 23.8 (13.9) s in the DL group (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS In children, the GlideScope provided a laryngoscopic view equal to or better than that of direct laryngoscopy but required a longer time for intubation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-T Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, # 28 Yongondong, Jongnogu, Seoul 110-744, Korea
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Little information is available about the accuracy of the teeth mark on the laryngeal tube (LT) as a guide to correct placement in children. The aim of this crossover study was to evaluate three methods for optimal insertion depth of the size (#) 2 tube in children weighing 12-25 kg. METHOD In 24 children, the LT #2 was consecutively inserted by three different methods: (A) until the thick teeth mark on the tube was aligned with the upper incisors, (B) until resistance was felt, and (C) by inserting to a depth, previously measured, of the curved distance between the cricoid cartilage and the upper incisor. In each case, the depth of insertion, the degree of effective ventilation, the presence of leakage, and the fibreoptic view were assessed. RESULTS Insertion based on the teeth mark led to a shorter insertion depth and a greater incidence of inadequate ventilation compared with the other two methods. There was no difference in the adequacy of ventilation between methods B and C. The vocal cords were more easily identified with methods B (62.5%) and C (75%) than with method A (12.5%). CONCLUSIONS Insertion of the LT #2 aligned with the teeth mark can result in a shallow insertion depth and inadequate ventilation. The measured distance from the cricoid cartilage to the upper incisor offers alternative guidance for correct LT insertion.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, # 28 Yongondong, Jongnogu, Seoul 110-744, Korea
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Park J, Park JY, Kim SH, Lim DJ, Kim SD, Chung HS. Long term results from percutaneous radiofrequency neurotomy on posterior primary ramus in patients with chronic low back pain. Acta Neurochir Suppl 2007; 99:81-3. [PMID: 17370770 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-211-35205-2_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We report on our experience of percutaneous radiofrequency neurotomy (PRN) on the posterior primary ramus (PPR) with at least two years follow-up. METHODS 228 patients underwent PRN on the PPR for refractory low back pain. 128 patients met the inclusion criteria of facetal originated pain (group II), while 100 patients did not (group I). Radiofrequency (RF) procedures were applied in the usual manner. Pain relief was assessed at 1 week, 1 month, 6 months and 2 years using visual analog scale (VAS). FINDINGS Positive responders were 56% at 1 week, 46% at 1 month, 18% at 6 months, and 13% at 2 years after PRN in group I, and 78.9% at 1 week, 75.4% at 1 month, 62.5% at 6 months, and 54.7% at 2 years in group II. Prominent local tenderness, percussion tenderness, pain on getting up, extension and transitional movement, radiating pain on buttock and/or posterior thigh, and good immediate response were found to be significantly related to good outcome. CONCLUSION PRN on the PPR has long-term beneficial effects. Long-term good results can be achieved after proper selection of patients with facet joint related low back pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University School of Medicine, Ansan, Korea
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Park JY, Kim SD, Park J, Lim DJ, Lee HK, Chung HS. A new and simple transection knife for study of neurodegeneration and neuroregeneration in animal model. Acta Neurochir Suppl 2007; 99:145-50. [PMID: 17370782 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-211-35205-2_28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to design and make a simple, inexpensive brain knife that could produce consistent results following transection in animal model. MATERIALS AND METHODS After testing various materials including commercially available products, microelectrode recording needles as used in deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery were selected as ideal candidates. They were modified to serve as type of wire-knife for the purposes of study. For this study, the major pathway for dopaminergic neuron from substantia nigra to striatum was selected for transection. A total of 40 Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to 8 groups; normal, 1-4, 6, 8, and 10 weeks post-transection. Degree of cell death was determined and surviving neurons were counted by means of fluorescent microscopic examination, immunohistochemistry involving tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-immunoreactive staining, and mapping to verify complete transection. RESULTS Compared to control, percentage of remaining neurons in each group was 61.3, 36.8, 29.9, 5.1, 5.9, 7.0%, respectively. Completeness of lesion was correlated with the absence of TH-immunoreactivity in the striatum. CONCLUSION Our model seems to provide complete cell death in early period after transection with consistent results. Thus, this type of brain knife can be very handy, without any extra cost, in any research model involving transection of fiber bundle for studies on neurodegeneration and neuroregeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Korea University Medical Center, Ansan Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
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Kim HK, Lee BC, Kim SD, Kamei T, Magara Y. Rapid and comprehensive indicator for evaluation of performance of treatment processes and of river waters. Water Sci Technol 2007; 55:315-20. [PMID: 17305155 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2007.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Naturally occurring UV active compounds, commonly present in almost all source waters, can be rapidly monitored by their ultraviolet absorbance at 260 nm (E260). Herein, the extent of correlation between the E260 and the removal efficiency of the hazardous contaminants, endocrine disrupters and dioxins, were investigated using various treatment and river source waters. The detection of various types of hazardous contaminants using sophisticated analytical methods, such as high resolution gas chromatography (HRGC)/high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)/inductively coupled plasma (ICP)/mass spectrometry (MS), as well as various short-term bioassays, can require hours or even days for results to be obtained. The removal of the E260 correlated well with those of individual contaminants, such as endocrine disruptor chemicals and dioxins, with the various treatment processes employed. In the plots of the endocrine disrupters against the DOC/E260, a correlation was found with the endocrine activity of the Korean/Japanese river waters employed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- H K Kim
- Youngsan River water Research Lab., National Institute of Environmental Research, 1110-8 Oryong-dong, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-480, Korea
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Yoon SZ, Shin TJ, Kim HS, Lee J, Kim CS, Kim SD, Park CD. Depth of a central venous catheter tip: length of insertion guideline for pediatric patients. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2006; 50:355-7. [PMID: 16480470 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2006.00951.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In pediatric patients, several studies have been undertaken to establish central venous catheter (CVC) tip optimal depth. Assessments of catheter tip position using chest radiographs may be misleading, whereas transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) has been shown to accurately monitor catheter tip placement at the superior vena cava-right atrial (SVC-RA) junction. The aim of this study was to issue a guideline for ideal catheter insertion depth, from the right internal jugular vein (IJV) using TEE to confirm the position of the catheter tip at the SVC-RA junction. METHODS Over a 6-month period, we studied 60 right internal jugular vein catheterizations in infants and children undergoing surgery for congenital heart disease. Positions of CVC tips were confirmed to be at the SVC-RA junction by TEE. Distance from the skin puncture site to the SVC-RA junction, height, weight, and age were recorded. RESULTS Distances measured were found to be highly correlated with patient height. The following guideline allows the CVC tip to be positioned above the RA in 97.5% of patients with an accuracy of 95%: optimal depth of insertion (cm) = 1.7 + (0.07 x height) in patients whose height is between 40 and 140 cm. CONCLUSION The model proposed for the insertion of the CVC tip in pediatric patients could be used to prevent inadvertent catheter tip placement into the atrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Z Yoon
- Department of Anesthesiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Kim GT, Hyun MS, Chang IS, Kim HJ, Park HS, Kim BH, Kim SD, Wimpenny JWT, Weightman AJ. Dissimilatory Fe(III) reduction by an electrochemically active lactic acid bacterium phylogenetically related to Enterococcus gallinarum isolated from submerged soil. J Appl Microbiol 2005; 99:978-87. [PMID: 16162251 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2004.02514.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The isolation and identification of a glucose-oxidizing Fe(III)-reducing bacteria (FRB) with electrochemical activity from an anoxic environment, and characterization of the role of Fe(III) in its metabolism. METHODS AND RESULTS A Gram-positive (Firmicutes), nonmotile, coccoid and facultative anaerobic FRB was isolated based on its ability to reduce Fe(III). Using the Vitek Gram-positive identification card kit and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the isolate was identified as Enterococcus gallinarum, designated strain MG25. On glucose this isolate produced lactate plus small amounts of acetate, formate and CO2 and its growth rates were similar in the presence and absence of Fe(O)OH. These results suggest that MG25 can couple glucose oxidation to Fe(III) reduction, but without conservation of energy to support growth. Cyclic voltammetry showed that strain MG25 was electrochemically active. CONCLUSIONS An electrochemically active and FRB, E. gallinarum MG25, was isolated from submerged soil. Fe(III) is used in the bacterial metabolism as an electron sink. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This is the first report concerning the electrochemical activity of glucose-oxidizing FRB, E. gallinarum. This organism and others like it could be used as new biocatalysts to improve the performance of a mediator-less microbial fuel cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- G T Kim
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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Yoon SZ, Shin JH, Hahn S, Oh AY, Kim HS, Kim SD, Kim CS. Usefulness of the carina as a radiographic landmark for central venous catheter placement in paediatric patients † †Presented, in part, at the 2005 Annual Meeting of European Society of Anaesthesiologists, Vienna, Austria. Br J Anaesth 2005; 95:514-7. [PMID: 16040638 DOI: 10.1093/bja/aei199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several reports have proposed radiographic landmarks for the proper positioning of central venous catheters (CVC). The carina is one of the proposed landmarks in adults. Here, we evaluate the possibility of using the carina as a radiographic landmark for the identification of proper positioning of the CVC tip in paediatric patients. METHODS We studied 57 right internal jugular vein catheterizations in infants and children undergoing surgery for the treatment of congenital heart disease. After placing the CVC tip at the junction of the superior vena cava and the right atrium (SVC-RA junction) via intraoperative transoesophageal echocardiography, and by taking postoperative anterior-posterior chest radiographs, we measured the longitudinal distance from the carina to the SVC-RA junction, using the Picture Archiving and Communicating System. RESULTS The average distance between the carina and the SVC-RA junction was 1.5 cm (95% CI 1.3-1.8 cm). No catheter tip was above the carina. Although there was no particular relationship between this distance and the patient's age, height, or weight, the distance between the carina and the SVC-RA junction tended to be more variable in younger and smaller children. CONCLUSIONS The carina can be used as a radiographic landmark for the proper CVC tip placement in paediatric patients. If the tip of the CVC is not distal to the carina the chances are minute that it is in the right atrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Z Yoon
- Department of Anaesthesiology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Korea
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Pyun JC, Kim SD, Chung JW. New immobilization method for immunoaffinity biosensors by using thiolated proteins. Anal Biochem 2005; 347:227-33. [PMID: 16266682 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2005.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2005] [Revised: 07/31/2005] [Accepted: 09/11/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A new immobilization method for immunoaffinity (IA) biosensors that ensures the high surface density and the stability of the IA layer was developed. For the immobilization of biomolecules, the molecular recognition protein was first thiolated by covalent conjugation of mercaptopropionic acid, and then the thiolated protein was attached on the gold surface of the transducer. In this work, horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and its antibody were used as a model antigen-antibody, and the following properties of the IA layer prepared by thiolated protein were estimated: (i) biological integrity of HRP after the immobilization process by using activity assay, (ii) charge transfer resistance by immobilization, (iii) mass loading by the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor, (iv) number of binding sites, and (v) feasibility test for the measurement of capacitive change by the antigen-antibody interaction. Based on these parameters, the immobilization method by using thiolated protein was determined to be feasible for application to IA biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Pyun
- Korea Institute for Science and Technology (KIST) Europe, D-66123 Saarbruecken, Germany.
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Kim SD, Bae JE, Park HS, Cha DK. Bioleaching of cadmium and nickel from synthetic sediments by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans. Environ Geochem Health 2005; 27:229-35. [PMID: 16059779 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-004-3479-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2003] [Accepted: 09/17/2004] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The microbial leaching process was evaluated for the treatment of synthetic sediments contaminated with cadmium and nickel sulfides. A series of batch leaching experiments was conducted to compare metal solubilization in sediment inoculated with Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans -inoculated sediments to that in sterile control sediment. The rate and extent of metal solubilization were significantly higher in A. ferrooxidans -inoculated reactors than in acidified sterile reactors. The efficiency of cadmium (Cd) solubilization (80) in the bioleaching process was higher than that of nickel (Ni) solubilization (60). The performance of leaching reactors containing only culture supernatants was comparable to that of A. ferrooxidans -inoculated reactors, indicating that indirect non-contact leaching by the products of microbial metabolism is the predominant mechanism for metal solubilization rather than direct microbial sulfide oxidation. Moreover, the similar (60-75%) extents of Cd(2+) leaching with A. ferrooxidans , cell-free filtrate, and Fe(3+) suggest that abiotic oxidation of CdS by Fe(3+) controls the overall leaching rate, and the role of A. ferrooxidans is most likely not to oxidize CdS mineral directly but to regenerate Fe(3+) as an oxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Kim
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 1 Oryong-dong, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 500-712, Korea
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Kim HS, Oh AY, Kim CS, Kim SD, Seo KS, Kim JH. Correlation of bispectral index with end-tidal sevoflurane concentration and age in infants and children. Br J Anaesth 2005; 95:362-6. [PMID: 16024583 DOI: 10.1093/bja/aei196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The bispectral index (BIS) has been evaluated as a tool for measuring depth of anaesthesia, but the use of BIS in a paediatric population is still controversial. This study was designed to evaluate the correlation of BIS with end-tidal sevoflurane concentration and age in infants and children. METHODS Eighty-one patients undergoing elective urology surgery were allocated into three age groups; 6 months to 2 yr (n=28), 3-7 yr (n=33), and 8-12 yr (n=20). Sevoflurane was administered to achieve steady-state end-tidal sevoflurane concentrations (ET(sevo)) of 2.0, 3.0, and 4.0%; these were achieved consecutively either from the lowest or from the highest concentration. The BIS (version XP) was monitored continuously. RESULTS In all three groups, BIS decreased significantly when ET(sevo) increased from 2.0 to 3.0% but there was a paradoxical increase in BIS values when ET(sevo) increased from 3.0 to 4.0%. The non-linear regression analysis showed a significant correlation between BIS and age at each ET(sevo). The younger patients showed the higher BIS values. CONCLUSIONS In children aged 6 months to 12 yr, the BIS increased paradoxically as ET(sevo) increased from 3.0 to 4.0%. BIS values showed a wide variation in the same ET(sevo) and the age itself was considered to be a factor affecting the BIS values.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Abstract
cis-AB, a rare ABO genotype, is the result of a mutated gene resulting in dual specific hybrid enzymes. A single-point mutation reverses the specificity of human blood group B synthesizing galactosyltransferase. This may lead to misclassification in ABO grouping and adverse transfusion reactions. Recently, the authors experienced a case of a patient with cis-AB blood type undergoing pulmonary valve replacement and tricuspid valvuloplasty. We transfused the patient with Rh+ A packed red blood cell, fresh frozen plasma and platelet concentrates without any clinically significant transfusion reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Z Yoon
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Abstract
This study investigated the effect of pyridostigmine administered at different levels of recovery of neuromuscular function after rocuronium during sevoflurane anaesthesia in children. Fifty-one patients aged 3 to 10 years, ASA physical status 1 or 2 were randomized to 4 groups: a spontaneous recovery group; or, reversal with pyridostigmine 0.25 mg/kg with glycopyrrolate 0.01 mg/kg at one of three times: 5 minutes after rocuronium administration; at 1% twitch height (T1) recovery; or at a 25% twitch height (T25) recovery. Anaesthesia was induced with thiopentone (5-7 mg/kg) and maintained with 2-3% sevoflurane and 50% nitrous oxide. Atropine (0.015 mg/kg) and, after calibrating the TOF-Watch, rocuronium (0.6 mg/kg) were then administered. Maximal block occurred 1.1+/-0.5 min (mean, SD) after rocuronium administration. In the spontaneous recovery group, the clinical duration (recovery to T25) was 40.1+/-8.8 min and the recovery index (time between T25 and T75) 19.9+/-9.8 min. Recovery to TOF >0.9 from the time of rocuronium administration was reduced by approximately 30% in the pyridostigmine groups compared to the spontaneous recovery group. There was no significant difference among the three pyridostigmine groups. When pyridostigmine was given at T1 or T25, the time from pyridostigmine administration to TOF >0.9 was shorter than for the group receiving pyridostigmine 5 minutes after rocuronium.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Y Oh
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Abstract
This study aimed to compare the rates of success and complications between different sites of central venous catheterization in infants. A total of 272 infants were randomized to four groups: right subclavian group (G-RSCV), right internal jugular group (G-RIJV), left subclavian group (G-LSCV) and left internal jugular vein group (G-LIJV). In 77.2% of the patients, we successfully introduced a catheter at the first attempt. The rate of successful catheter placement was highest in the RIJV (RIJV 89.7%, LIJV 79.4%, RSCV 66.2% and LSCV 55.9%). With regard to complications, the rate of arterial puncture, guide wire advancement failure and malpositioning of the catheter were all significantly more frequent during SCV catheterization (SCV versus IJV: 10.1% versus 2.1%, 12.4% versus 0% and 13.4% versus 0.6%, respectively). Our results imply that IJV, especially RIJV, should be the first choice for central venous catheterization in infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Han
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Abstract
Ion channels are important target sites of anthelmintics, but little is known about those in Fasciola hepatica. In this work, we applied a planar lipid bilayer technique to characterize the properties of single ion channels in F. hepatica. Under a 200/40 mM KCl gradient, a large conductance channel of 251 pS was observed in 18% of the membranes studied. The channel was selective to K(+) over Cl(-) with a permeability ratio of K(+) to Cl(-) (PK/PCl) of 4.9. Open state probability (Po) of the channel was less than 0.5 and dependent on voltage (-60 to approximately +40 mV) and Ca(2+) (approximately 100 microM). The other two types of single channels observed in 11 and 5% of membranes, respectively, were a K(+)-permeable channel of 80 pS (PK/PCl=4.6) and a Cl(-)-permeable channel of 64 pS (PK/PCl=0.058). Open state probability of both channels showed little voltage dependence. The results indicate that distinct single channels of 60 to approximately 251 pS are present in relative abundance and, in addition, that the planar lipid bilayer technique can be a useful tool for the study of single ion channels in F. hepatica.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Jang
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, San 56-1 Sillim-dong, Kwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
BACKGROUND In paediatric patients, crystalloid prime for cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) causes further haemodilution in comparison with blood-containing prime. Thus it may affect the cerebral oxygen supply/demand balance. The purpose of the study was to compare the effect of bloodless pump prime with that of blood-containing prime on cerebral oxygenation in children. METHODS Thirty-six paediatric patients scheduled for elective repair of atrial or ventricular septal defect were enrolled. In Group C (n = 18), the CPB circuit was primed only with crystalloid. In Group B (n = 18), red blood cells were added to achieve a haematocrit (Hct) of 20% during CPB. The regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO(2)) value measured by near-infrared spectroscopy was compared between the two groups. RESULTS In both groups, rSO(2) decreased below baseline at the start of CPB and during rewarming (P < 0.001, for both groups during each period). At the start of CPB, haemodilution was greater in Group C than in Group B (Hct 16.1 +/- 0.7% vs. 20.7 +/- 0.5%; P < 0.01), and there was a greater reduction in rSO(2) in Group C (49.0 +/- 5.4% vs. 59.2 +/- 7.0%; P < 0.01). During rewarming, rSO(2) was significantly lower in Group C than in Group B (57.8 +/- 5.3% vs. 62.8 +/- 6.2%; P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS In paediatric patients, the haemodilution associated with crystalloid priming causes a greater reduction in rSO(2) than with blood-containing prime at the starting period of CPB and the rewarming period.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Han
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Seoul National University, Bundang Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Ellison CJ, Kim SD, Hall DB, Torkelson JM. Confinement and processing effects on glass transition temperature and physical aging in ultrathin polymer films: novel fluorescence measurements. Eur Phys J E Soft Matter 2002; 8:155-166. [PMID: 15010965 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2001-10057-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence intensity measurements of chromophore-doped or -labeled polymers have been used for the first time to determine the effects of decreasing film thickness on glass transition temperature, T(g), the relative strength of the glass transition, and the relative rate of physical aging below T(g) in supported, ultrathin polymer films. The temperature dependence of fluorescence intensity measured in the glassy state of thin and ultrathin films of pyrene-doped polystyrene (PS), poly(isobutyl methacrylate) (PiBMA), and poly(2-vinylpyridine) (P2VP) differs from that in the rubbery state with a transition at T(g). Positive deviations from bulk T(g) are observed in ultrathin PiBMA and P2VP films on silica substrates while substantial negative deviations from bulk T(g) are observed in ultrathin PS films on silica substrates. The relative difference in the temperature dependences of fluorescence intensity in the rubbery and glassy states is usually reduced with decreasing film thickness, indicating that the strength of the glass transition is reduced in thinner films. The temperature dependence of fluorescence intensity also provides useful information on effects of processing history as well as on the degree of polymer-substrate interaction. In addition, when used as a polymer label, a mobility-sensitive rotor chromophore is demonstrated to be useful in measuring relative rates of physical aging in films as thin as 10 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Ellison
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208-3120, USA
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Chong W, Kim YJ, Kim SD, Han SK, Ryu PD. Lack of bioequivalence of two oxytetracycline formulations in the rabbit. J Vet Sci 2002; 3:25-30. [PMID: 14614269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxytetracycline (OTC) has been used for over 40 years in veterinary medical field. Various forms of oxytetracycline preparations have been marketed, but little information is available on the bioequivalence of OTC preparations. This study was conducted to evaluate the bioequivalence of two OTC powder preparations available in Korea. Fourteen rabbits were randomly allocated into two groups. During the first period, a dose (200 mg/kg) of reference product was orally administered to the rabbits in Group A and test product to those in Group B. After 7-day washout period the reference and test products were given in group B and A, respectively. Blood samples were drawn at 17 points during 48 hours after administration and plasma OTC concentrations were measured by using HPLC. The solution concentrations of OTC dissolved from two products were not significantly different in the dissolution test. The mean area under the curve (AUC0- infinity ) and peak plasma concentration (C(max)) values for test and reference OTCs were 7.22 +/- 3.90 and 11.04 +/- 7.37 microg h/ml, 1.11 +/- 0.65 and 1.85 +/- 1.15 microg/ml, respectively. The relative bioavailability and C(max) of test product to those of reference product was 65.4% and 60.0%, respectively. The ranges of AUC and C(max) of test drug compared to those of reference drug under 90% confidence limits were 27 104% and 28 91.5%, respectively. The results of statistical analysis indicate that the two pivotal pharmacokinetic parameters, AUC and C(max) of test product are not within the 20% of those of the reference, suggesting that the test OTC is not bioequivalent to the reference OTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Chong
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and School of Agricultural Biotechnolog, Seoul National University, Suwon, 441-744, Korea
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Abstract
Psoriasis is recognized as a chronic, relapsing disorder of the skin, and its clinical course is influenced by various environmental factors. However, only a few articles have addressed the effect of low epidermal hydration status as an exacerbating factor of psoriasis. Our study was performed to investigate the relationship between subjective assessment and quantified data regarding dryness parameters in psoriasis patients. Seventy psoriasis patients were enrolled in our study. Subjective assessments were undertaken by evaluating the extent of involvement, erythema, scale and infiltration of individual lesions. Functional status of stratum corneum was evaluated by measuring electrical capacitance and conductance of the lesional and uninvolved skin of psoriatic patients. In addition, measurement of trans-epidermal water loss was performed. The results showed poor hydration status and barrier function in involved psoriatic epidermis compared with the uninvolved skin. Subjective assessment showed fairly good correlation with the quantified values. In conclusion, the degree of dryness in psoriatic skin lesions--which we presume to be one of the aggravating factors of psoriasis--seemed to be related to disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yongon-dong, Chongno-Gu, Seoul 110-744, Korea
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Kim SD. Determination of copper binding affinity of Ceriodaphnia dubia using competition bioassay tests: environmental significance. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2002; 68:245-252. [PMID: 11815795 DOI: 10.1007/s001280245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2001] [Accepted: 09/24/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S D Kim
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 1 Oryong-dong, Puk-gu, Kwangju, 500-712, Korea
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Vlutters R, van't Erve OMJ, Kim SD, Jansen R, Lodder JC. Interface, volume, and thermal attenuation of hot-electron spins in Ni80Fe20 and Co. Phys Rev Lett 2002; 88:027202. [PMID: 11801031 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.88.027202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The relative importance of interface, volume, and thermal scattering in spin-dependent hot-electron transmission of magnetic trilayers is quantified. While interfaces produce significant attenuation (factor 2.2 per interface), the spin asymmetry is dominated by volume scattering. Extracted thermal attenuation lengths (130 A at 300 K for Ni80Fe20) show that thermal spin-wave scattering is stronger than hitherto assumed. This suggests that spontaneous spin-wave emission, rather than the details of the spin-dependent band structure, may cause the strong filtering of minority hot-electron spins.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Vlutters
- Systems and Materials for Information Storage Group, MESA+ Research Institute, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
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Affiliation(s)
- W Chong
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and School of Agricultural Biotechnolog, Seoul National University, Suwon, 441-744, Korea
| | - YJ Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and School of Agricultural Biotechnolog, Seoul National University, Suwon, 441-744, Korea
| | - SD Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and School of Agricultural Biotechnolog, Seoul National University, Suwon, 441-744, Korea
| | - SK Han
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and School of Agricultural Biotechnolog, Seoul National University, Suwon, 441-744, Korea
| | - PD Ryu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and School of Agricultural Biotechnolog, Seoul National University, Suwon, 441-744, Korea
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Abstract
Since 1998, mass urine screening tests have been performed on Korean school children. We have analyzed those patients who showed abnormal urinary findings in the school screening program. Between January 1998 and January 2000, 452 children with abnormal urinary findings visited the Pediatric Kidney Center, Kyung-Hee University Hospital. Sex, age, 24-h urine creatinine clearance, ultrasonography, Doppler scans and renal biopsies were reviewed retrospectively. Results of initial urinalysis are divided into three groups: solely hematuria group (228 cases, 50.4%), solely proteinuria group (98 cases, 21.7%), and combined hematuria and proteinuria group (79 cases, 17.5%). Among the biopsied cases, the proportions representing renal parenchymal diseases were as follows: IgA nephropathy 11.3%, mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis 21.9%, others 3.8%. Among the three groups, the combined hematuria and proteinuria group had more frequent chronic renal disease (57.7%) than the other groups. Chronic renal disease was detected in 36.9% of all visiting subjects. In the school screening program a significant number of patients showed abnormal urinary findings, which were associated with chronic renal diseases especially in the combined hematuria and proteinuria group. In conclusion, mass urine screening tests should be mandatory to detect asymptomatic chronic renal disease in school children.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Cho
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Kyung-Hee University Hospital, 1 Hoegi-dong Dongdaemun-ku, Seoul, Korea.
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Kim SD, Kim SW, Huh CH, Suh DH, Eun HC. Changes of biophysical properties of the skin measured by non-invasive techniques after Q-switched Nd-YAG laser therapy in patients with nevus of Ota. Skin Res Technol 2001; 7:262-71. [PMID: 11737822 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0846.2001.70409.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The aim of the study was to objectify the effect of a Q-switched Nd-YAG laser on Ota's nevus in view of barrier function, surface contour changes, dermal blood flow, surface color changes and sebum production rate. METHODS Fifteen Korean patients with nevus of Ota (between 14 and 54 years of age) were enrolled. All the patients were treated by Q-switched Nd-YAG laser and followed up for 12 weeks. A reflectance spectrophotometer, a colorimeter, laser Doppler flowmetry, a Tewameter, a Corneometer and a Sebumeter were used to make measurements. RESULTS Pvalues of less than 0.05 were regarded as statistically significant. In skin reflectance measurements, L* values declined for 4 weeks and increased at 12 weeks, indicating that the brightness of the lesions improved. a* values showed a significant increase at 2 and 4 weeks. On the contrary, b* values decreased at 2 weeks. Transepidermal water loss and dermal blood flux showed identical patterns, showing increases at 2 weeks. The water holding capacity decreased at 2 and 4 weeks, and thereafter showed a delayed recovery. Casual sebum production increased at 4, 8 and 12 weeks. The loss of skin roughness was observed at 4 weeks, recovering at 12 weeks, although statistically insignificant. Reflex spectrophotometry did not reflect the changing properties of the skin. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest a useful model for evaluating physiologic skin changes after laser surgery in patients with nevus of Ota.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Jansen R, Kim SD, Vlutters R, van't Erve OM, Lodder JC. Anisotropic spin-orbit scattering of hot-electron spins injected into ferromagnetic thin-films. Phys Rev Lett 2001; 87:166601. [PMID: 11690222 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.87.166601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Anisotropic spin-orbit scattering of hot-electron spins in ferromagnets is examined by injecting a hot-electron current into the thin ferromagnetic base of a transistor and measuring the current attenuation as a function of the magnetization orientation. The transmission anisotropy is described by a simple model, from which we extract an effective spin-orbit scattering length of 420 nm for hot-electron spins in Ni(80)Fe(20), independent of temperature. The corresponding scattering time (<0.3 ps) is surprisingly short, suggesting efficient spin-lattice relaxation of hot electrons. The results also unambiguously demonstrate the attenuation of a hot-electron current by an elastic scattering process.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Jansen
- Information Storage Technology Group, MESA+ Research Institute, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Retinal vascular lesions are the most common ophthalmologic manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), occurring in 3% to 29% of cases, generally late in the disease. More rare is the severe vaso-occlusive disease, often termed "retinal vasculitis", which includes central retinal artery occlusion, multifocal arteriolar occlusions, extensive capillary nonperfusion and central venous occlusion. Patients with SLE and raised serum concentrations of anticardiolipin antibodies (ACA) have a higher risk of developing occlusive ocular vascular disease. We report a case in which retinal involvement was an earlier manifestation of SLE in a patient without ACA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, School of Medicine, Korea
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49
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Transthoracic echocardiography was used in a rodent animal model to determine whether long-term alcohol consumption (8 and 12 months) was associated with the development of a dilated cardiomyopathy. We also investigated whether alcohol-induced changes in cardiac structure corresponded to activation of the renin-angiotensin system and the natriuretic peptide (NP) system. METHODS Male rats received either the Lieber-DeCarli liquid alcohol diet (EtOH) (9%v/v) (n = 8) or control diet (CON) (n = 8). Echocardiography (echo) was used to determine left-ventricular (LV) dimensions, and isolated heart studies (Langendorff and atrium) were used to assess ex vivo contractility. Plasma and tissue angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE) activity was measured. Gene expression, plasma, and tissue levels of the NPs were determined by northern blot analysis and radioimmunoassay, respectively. RESULTS After 8 months of alcohol consumption, there was a trend for the end diastolic dimension, end systolic dimension, and LV mass to be greater in the 8 month EtOH group compared with the CON group. However, after 12 months of alcohol consumption, significant increases were found between the groups in several echo parameters. Tissue ACE activity (nmoles/min/mg protein) was greater in the 12 month EtOH group compared with the 12 month CON and 8 month EtOH group (p < 0.05). We found no differences between groups in gene expression (messenger RNA), plasma, and tissue levels of the NPs. CONCLUSIONS Echocardiography revealed that 8 to 12 months of alcohol consumption was associated with the development of a dilated cardiomyopathy. However, this was not preceded by an increase in tissue ACE activity, and these changes occurred in the absence of increased plasma and LV tissue levels of the NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Kim
- School of Kinesiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 60612, USA
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Abstract
The effects of physicochemical conditions, such as pH, water hardness, flow rates and natural organic substances on the sensitivity of Ceriodaphnia dubia to the toxic effects of copper were investigated using static bioassay cups and specially designed flow-through bioassay chambers. We found that C. dubia was very sensitive to pH changes and the total copper LC50 values of C. dubia neonates increased by 15-fold as the pH increased from pH 7 to 10. It was also observed that the LC50 values increased sharply upon increasing the water hardness value to 2.4 meq. In addition, increasing flow rates from zero to 50 mL hr(-1) also increased its sensitivity to copper, which was possibly due to hydrodynamic stress. The presence of natural organic substances (humic acid and dissolved organic matter) and suspended particles decreased the toxic effect of copper. This significant decrease in the toxicity of copper in the presence of natural organic materials can be explained by a reduction in the free ion concentration due to complexation. Furthermore, we observed that the kinetics of copper interactions with natural organic materials are a significant factor in the toxic effect of copper and that the acute LC50 values increased with increasing reaction time between solubilized copper and water-borne organics.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Science, Kwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Korea.
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