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Shieh C, Jones N, Vanle B, Au M, Huang AY, Silva APG, Lee H, Douine ED, Otero MG, Choi A, Grand K, Taff IP, Delgado MR, Hajianpour MJ, Seeley A, Rohena L, Vernon H, Gripp KW, Vergano SA, Mahida S, Naidu S, Sousa AB, Wain KE, Challman TD, Beek G, Basel D, Ranells J, Smith R, Yusupov R, Freckmann ML, Ohden L, Davis-Keppen L, Chitayat D, Dowling JJ, Finkel R, Dauber A, Spillmann R, Pena LDM, Metcalfe K, Splitt M, Lachlan K, McKee SA, Hurst J, Fitzpatrick DR, Morton JEV, Cox H, Venkateswaran S, Young JI, Marsh ED, Nelson SF, Martinez JA, Graham JM, Kini U, Mackay JP, Pierson TM. GATAD2B-associated neurodevelopmental disorder (GAND): clinical and molecular insights into a NuRD-related disorder. Genet Med 2020; 22:878-888. [PMID: 31949314 PMCID: PMC7920571 DOI: 10.1038/s41436-019-0747-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Determination of genotypic/phenotypic features of GATAD2B-associated neurodevelopmental disorder (GAND). METHODS Fifty GAND subjects were evaluated to determine consistent genotypic/phenotypic features. Immunoprecipitation assays utilizing in vitro transcription-translation products were used to evaluate GATAD2B missense variants' ability to interact with binding partners within the nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase (NuRD) complex. RESULTS Subjects had clinical findings that included macrocephaly, hypotonia, intellectual disability, neonatal feeding issues, polyhydramnios, apraxia of speech, epilepsy, and bicuspid aortic valves. Forty-one novelGATAD2B variants were identified with multiple variant types (nonsense, truncating frameshift, splice-site variants, deletions, and missense). Seven subjects were identified with missense variants that localized within two conserved region domains (CR1 or CR2) of the GATAD2B protein. Immunoprecipitation assays revealed several of these missense variants disrupted GATAD2B interactions with its NuRD complex binding partners. CONCLUSIONS A consistent GAND phenotype was caused by a range of genetic variants in GATAD2B that include loss-of-function and missense subtypes. Missense variants were present in conserved region domains that disrupted assembly of NuRD complex proteins. GAND's clinical phenotype had substantial clinical overlap with other disorders associated with the NuRD complex that involve CHD3 and CHD4, with clinical features of hypotonia, intellectual disability, cardiac defects, childhood apraxia of speech, and macrocephaly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Shieh
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Natasha Jones
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Brigitte Vanle
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurosciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Medical College of Wisconsin-Central Wisconsin, Wausau, WI, USA
| | - Margaret Au
- Department of Pediatrics Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alden Y Huang
- Institute for Precision Health, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ana P G Silva
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Hane Lee
- Department of Human Genetics and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Emilie D Douine
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Maria G Otero
- Board of Governor's Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andrew Choi
- Board of Governor's Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Katheryn Grand
- Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ingrid P Taff
- Department of Neurology, Hofstra School of Medicine, Great Neck, NY, USA
| | - Mauricio R Delgado
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center and Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - M J Hajianpour
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, East Tennessee State University, Quillen College of Medicine, Mountain Home, TN, USA
| | | | - Luis Rohena
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Brooke Army Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, UT Health San Antonio, Long School of Medicine, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Hilary Vernon
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Balitmore, MD, USA
| | - Karen W Gripp
- Division of Medical Genetics, Al DuPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Samantha A Vergano
- Division of Medical Genetics and Metabolism, Children's Hospital of The King's Daughters, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Sonal Mahida
- Department of Neurogenetics, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sakkubai Naidu
- Department of Neurology and Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Hugo Moser Research Institute, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ana Berta Sousa
- Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital Santa Maria, CHULN, Lisboa, Portugal and Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Karen E Wain
- Autism & Developmental Medicine Institute, Geisinger, Lewisburg, PA, USA
| | - Thomas D Challman
- Autism & Developmental Medicine Institute, Geisinger, Lewisburg, PA, USA
| | - Geoffrey Beek
- Children's Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota Department of Genetics, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Donald Basel
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics; Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Judith Ranells
- Division of Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Rosemarie Smith
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics, Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME, USA
| | - Roman Yusupov
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Joe DiMaggio Children's Hospital, Hollywood, FlL, USA
| | | | - Lisa Ohden
- Department of Genetic Counseling, Sanford Children's Specialty Clinic, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Laura Davis-Keppen
- Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine of the University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - David Chitayat
- The Prenatal Diagnosis and Medical Genetics Program, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - James J Dowling
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Richard Finkel
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Nemours Children's Hospital, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Andrew Dauber
- Division of Endocrinology, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Rebecca Spillmann
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Loren D M Pena
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kay Metcalfe
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester University NHS FT, Manchester, UK
| | - Miranda Splitt
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Northern Genetics Service, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals Trust, Newcastle, UK
| | - Katherine Lachlan
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Human Development and Health Division, Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, University Hospitals of Southampton NHS Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Shane A McKee
- Northern Ireland Regional Genetics Service, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, UK
| | - Jane Hurst
- Department of Clinical Genetics, NE Thames Genetics Service, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - David R Fitzpatrick
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jenny E V Morton
- West Midlands Regional Clinical Genetics Service and Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK
- Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
- Birmingham Women's Hospital, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Helen Cox
- West Midlands Regional Clinical Genetics Service and Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK
- Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
- Birmingham Women's Hospital, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Sunita Venkateswaran
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Juan I Young
- John P Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Eric D Marsh
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Department of Neurology and Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Stanley F Nelson
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Julian A Martinez
- Department of Human Genetics; Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics; David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - John M Graham
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Genetics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Usha Kini
- Oxford Centre for Genomic Medicine, Oxford University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Joel P Mackay
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Tyler Mark Pierson
- Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Shieh C, Jones N, Vanle B, Au M, Huang AY, Silva APG, Lee H, Douine ED, Otero MG, Choi A, Grand K, Taff IP, Delgado MR, Hajianpour MJ, Seeley A, Rohena L, Vernon H, Gripp KW, Vergano SA, Mahida S, Naidu S, Sousa AB, Wain KE, Challman TD, Beek G, Basel D, Ranells J, Smith R, Yusupov R, Freckmann ML, Ohden L, Davis-Keppen L, Chitayat D, Dowling JJ, Finkel R, Dauber A, Spillmann R, Pena LDM, Metcalfe K, Splitt M, Lachlan K, McKee SA, Hurst J, Fitzpatrick DR, Morton JEV, Cox H, Venkateswaran S, Young JI, Marsh ED, Nelson SF, Martinez JA, Graham JM, Kini U, Mackay JP, Pierson TM. Correction: GATAD2B-associated neurodevelopmental disorder (GAND): clinical and molecular insights into a NuRD-related disorder. Genet Med 2020; 22:822. [PMID: 32047287 PMCID: PMC11000750 DOI: 10.1038/s41436-020-0760-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Shieh
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Natasha Jones
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Brigitte Vanle
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurosciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Medical College of Wisconsin-Central Wisconsin, Wausau, WI, USA
| | - Margaret Au
- Department of Pediatrics Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alden Y Huang
- Institute for Precision Health, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ana P G Silva
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Hane Lee
- Department of Human Genetics and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Emilie D Douine
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Maria G Otero
- Board of Governor's Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andrew Choi
- Board of Governor's Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Katheryn Grand
- Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ingrid P Taff
- Department of Neurology, Hofstra School of Medicine, Great Neck, NY, USA
| | - Mauricio R Delgado
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center and Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - M J Hajianpour
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, East Tennessee State University, Quillen College of Medicine, Mountain Home, TN, USA
| | | | - Luis Rohena
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Brooke Army Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, UT Health San Antonio, Long School of Medicine, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Hilary Vernon
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Balitmore, MD, USA
| | - Karen W Gripp
- Division of Medical Genetics, Al DuPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Samantha A Vergano
- Division of Medical Genetics and Metabolism, Children's Hospital of The King's Daughters, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Sonal Mahida
- Department of Neurogenetics, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sakkubai Naidu
- Department of Neurology and Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Hugo Moser Research Institute, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ana Berta Sousa
- Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital Santa Maria, CHULN, Lisboa, Portugal and Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Karen E Wain
- Autism & Developmental Medicine Institute, Geisinger, Lewisburg, PA, USA
| | - Thomas D Challman
- Autism & Developmental Medicine Institute, Geisinger, Lewisburg, PA, USA
| | - Geoffrey Beek
- Children's Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota Department of Genetics, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Donald Basel
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Judith Ranells
- Division of Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Rosemarie Smith
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics, Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME, USA
| | - Roman Yusupov
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Joe DiMaggio Children's Hospital, Hollywood, FlL, USA
| | | | - Lisa Ohden
- Department of Genetic Counseling, Sanford Children's Specialty Clinic, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Laura Davis-Keppen
- Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine of the University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - David Chitayat
- The Prenatal Diagnosis and Medical Genetics Program, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - James J Dowling
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Richard Finkel
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Nemours Children's Hospital, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Andrew Dauber
- Division of Endocrinology, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Rebecca Spillmann
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Loren D M Pena
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kay Metcalfe
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester University NHS FT, Manchester, UK
| | - Miranda Splitt
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Northern Genetics Service, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals Trust, Newcastle, UK
| | - Katherine Lachlan
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Human Development and Health Division, Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, University Hospitals of Southampton NHS Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Shane A McKee
- Northern Ireland Regional Genetics Service, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, UK
| | - Jane Hurst
- Department of Clinical Genetics, NE Thames Genetics Service, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - David R Fitzpatrick
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jenny E V Morton
- West Midlands Regional Clinical Genetics Service and Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK
- Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
- Birmingham Women's Hospital, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Helen Cox
- West Midlands Regional Clinical Genetics Service and Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK
- Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
- Birmingham Women's Hospital, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Sunita Venkateswaran
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Juan I Young
- John P Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Eric D Marsh
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Department of Neurology and Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Stanley F Nelson
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Julian A Martinez
- Department of Human Genetics; Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics; David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - John M Graham
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Genetics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Usha Kini
- Oxford Centre for Genomic Medicine, Oxford University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Joel P Mackay
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Tyler Mark Pierson
- Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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3
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Buonocore F, Kühnen P, Suntharalingham JP, Del Valle I, Digweed M, Stachelscheid H, Khajavi N, Didi M, Brady AF, Blankenstein O, Procter AM, Dimitri P, Wales JK, Ghirri P, Knöbl D, Strahm B, Erlacher M, Wlodarski MW, Chen W, Kokai GK, Anderson G, Morrogh D, Moulding DA, McKee SA, Niemeyer CM, Grüters A, Achermann JC. Somatic mutations and progressive monosomy modify SAMD9-related phenotypes in humans. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:1700-1713. [PMID: 28346228 PMCID: PMC5409795 DOI: 10.1172/jci91913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well established that somatic genomic changes can influence phenotypes in cancer, but the role of adaptive changes in developmental disorders is less well understood. Here we have used next-generation sequencing approaches to identify de novo heterozygous mutations in sterile α motif domain-containing protein 9 (SAMD9, located on chromosome 7q21.2) in 8 children with a multisystem disorder termed MIRAGE syndrome that is characterized by intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) with gonadal, adrenal, and bone marrow failure, predisposition to infections, and high mortality. These mutations result in gain of function of the growth repressor product SAMD9. Progressive loss of mutated SAMD9 through the development of monosomy 7 (-7), deletions of 7q (7q-), and secondary somatic loss-of-function (nonsense and frameshift) mutations in SAMD9 rescued the growth-restricting effects of mutant SAMD9 proteins in bone marrow and was associated with increased length of survival. However, 2 patients with -7 and 7q- developed myelodysplastic syndrome, most likely due to haploinsufficiency of related 7q21.2 genes. Taken together, these findings provide strong evidence that progressive somatic changes can occur in specific tissues and can subsequently modify disease phenotype and influence survival. Such tissue-specific adaptability may be a more common mechanism modifying the expression of human genetic conditions than is currently recognized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Buonocore
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, University College London (UCL) Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Kühnen
- Institute of Experimental Pediatric Endocrinology and Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jenifer P. Suntharalingham
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, University College London (UCL) Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ignacio Del Valle
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, University College London (UCL) Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Digweed
- Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Harald Stachelscheid
- Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany, and Berlin-Brandenburg Centrum for Regenerative Therapies, Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Noushafarin Khajavi
- Institute of Experimental Pediatric Endocrinology and Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mohammed Didi
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Alder Hey Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Angela F. Brady
- North West Thames Regional Genetics Service, Northwick Park Hospital, Harrow, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver Blankenstein
- Institute of Experimental Pediatric Endocrinology and Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Annie M. Procter
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Dimitri
- Academic Unit of Child Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Jerry K.H. Wales
- Department of Endocrinology, Children’s Health Queensland Clinical Unit, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Paolo Ghirri
- Department of Neonatology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Brigitte Strahm
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Miriam Erlacher
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marcin W. Wlodarski
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wei Chen
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - George K. Kokai
- Department of Paediatric Histopathology, Alder Hey Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Glenn Anderson
- Histopathology Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Deborah Morrogh
- North East Thames Regional Genetics Laboratory Service, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dale A. Moulding
- Developmental Biology and Cancer, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Shane A. McKee
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte M. Niemeyer
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Annette Grüters
- Institute of Experimental Pediatric Endocrinology and Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - John C. Achermann
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, University College London (UCL) Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
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4
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Parker MJ, Fryer AE, Shears DJ, Lachlan KL, McKee SA, Magee AC, Mohammed S, Vasudevan PC, Park SM, Benoit V, Lederer D, Maystadt I, Study D, FitzPatrick DR. De novo, heterozygous, loss-of-function mutations in SYNGAP1 cause a syndromic form of intellectual disability. Am J Med Genet A 2015; 167A:2231-7. [PMID: 26079862 PMCID: PMC4744742 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
De novo mutations (DNM) in SYNGAP1, encoding Ras/Rap GTPase‐activating protein SynGAP, have been reported in individuals with nonsyndromic intellectual disability (ID). We identified 10 previously unreported individuals with SYNGAP1 DNM; seven via the Deciphering Developmental Disorders (DDD) Study, one through clinical analysis for copy number variation and the remaining two (monozygotic twins) via a research multi‐gene panel analysis. Seven of the nine heterozygous mutations are likely to result in loss‐of‐function (3 nonsense; 3 frameshift; 1 whole gene deletion). The remaining two mutations, one of which affected the monozygotic twins, were missense variants. Each individual carrying a DNM in SYNGAP1 had moderate‐to‐severe ID and 7/10 had epilepsy; typically myoclonic seizures, absences or drop attacks. 8/10 had hypotonia, 5/10 had significant constipation, 7/10 had wide‐based/unsteady gait, 3/10 had strabismus, and 2/10 had significant hip dysplasia. A proportion of the affected individuals had a similar, myopathic facial appearance, with broad nasal bridge, relatively long nose and full lower lip vermilion. A distinctive behavioral phenotype was also observed with aggressive/challenging behavior and significant sleep problems being common. 7/10 individuals had MR imaging of the brain each of which was reported as normal. The clinical features of the individuals reported here show significant overlap with those associated with 6p21.3 microdeletions, confirming that haploinsufficiency for SYNGAP1 is responsible for both disorders. © 2015 The Authors. American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Parker
- Sheffield Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Western Bank, Sheffield, UK
| | - Alan E Fryer
- Clinical Genetics Department, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Deborah J Shears
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Churchill Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Katherine L Lachlan
- Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, University Hospitals Southampton, Southampton, UK.,Human Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Shane A McKee
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, UK
| | - Alex C Magee
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, UK
| | - Shehla Mohammed
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Pradeep C Vasudevan
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, UK
| | - Soo-Mi Park
- East Anglian Medical Genetics Service, Clinical Genetics, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Valérie Benoit
- Centre de Génétique Humaine, Institut de Pathologie et de Génétique (I.P.G.), Gosselies (Charleroi), Belgium
| | - Damien Lederer
- Centre de Génétique Humaine, Institut de Pathologie et de Génétique (I.P.G.), Gosselies (Charleroi), Belgium
| | - Isabelle Maystadt
- Centre de Génétique Humaine, Institut de Pathologie et de Génétique (I.P.G.), Gosselies (Charleroi), Belgium
| | - Ddd Study
- DDD Study, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - David R FitzPatrick
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (I.G.M.M.), University of Edinburgh, UK
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Crow YJ, Chase DS, Lowenstein Schmidt J, Szynkiewicz M, Forte GMA, Gornall HL, Oojageer A, Anderson B, Pizzino A, Helman G, Abdel-Hamid MS, Abdel-Salam GM, Ackroyd S, Aeby A, Agosta G, Albin C, Allon-Shalev S, Arellano M, Ariaudo G, Aswani V, Babul-Hirji R, Baildam EM, Bahi-Buisson N, Bailey KM, Barnerias C, Barth M, Battini R, Beresford MW, Bernard G, Bianchi M, Billette de Villemeur T, Blair EM, Bloom M, Burlina AB, Carpanelli ML, Carvalho DR, Castro-Gago M, Cavallini A, Cereda C, Chandler KE, Chitayat DA, Collins AE, Sierra Corcoles C, Cordeiro NJV, Crichiutti G, Dabydeen L, Dale RC, D'Arrigo S, De Goede CGEL, De Laet C, De Waele LMH, Denzler I, Desguerre I, Devriendt K, Di Rocco M, Fahey MC, Fazzi E, Ferrie CD, Figueiredo A, Gener B, Goizet C, Gowrinathan NR, Gowrishankar K, Hanrahan D, Isidor B, Kara B, Khan N, King MD, Kirk EP, Kumar R, Lagae L, Landrieu P, Lauffer H, Laugel V, La Piana R, Lim MJ, Lin JPSM, Linnankivi T, Mackay MT, Marom DR, Marques Lourenço C, McKee SA, Moroni I, Morton JEV, Moutard ML, Murray K, Nabbout R, Nampoothiri S, Nunez-Enamorado N, Oades PJ, Olivieri I, Ostergaard JR, Pérez-Dueñas B, Prendiville JS, Ramesh V, Rasmussen M, Régal L, Ricci F, Rio M, Rodriguez D, Roubertie A, Salvatici E, Segers KA, Sinha GP, Soler D, Spiegel R, Stödberg TI, Straussberg R, Swoboda KJ, Suri M, Tacke U, Tan TY, te Water Naude J, Wee Teik K, Thomas MM, Till M, Tonduti D, Valente EM, Van Coster RN, van der Knaap MS, Vassallo G, Vijzelaar R, Vogt J, Wallace GB, Wassmer E, Webb HJ, Whitehouse WP, Whitney RN, Zaki MS, Zuberi SM, Livingston JH, Rozenberg F, Lebon P, Vanderver A, Orcesi S, Rice GI. Characterization of human disease phenotypes associated with mutations in TREX1, RNASEH2A, RNASEH2B, RNASEH2C, SAMHD1, ADAR, and IFIH1. Am J Med Genet A 2015; 167A:296-312. [PMID: 25604658 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 393] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Aicardi-Goutières syndrome is an inflammatory disease occurring due to mutations in any of TREX1, RNASEH2A, RNASEH2B, RNASEH2C, SAMHD1, ADAR or IFIH1. We report on 374 patients from 299 families with mutations in these seven genes. Most patients conformed to one of two fairly stereotyped clinical profiles; either exhibiting an in utero disease-onset (74 patients; 22.8% of all patients where data were available), or a post-natal presentation, usually within the first year of life (223 patients; 68.6%), characterized by a sub-acute encephalopathy and a loss of previously acquired skills. Other clinically distinct phenotypes were also observed; particularly, bilateral striatal necrosis (13 patients; 3.6%) and non-syndromic spastic paraparesis (12 patients; 3.4%). We recorded 69 deaths (19.3% of patients with follow-up data). Of 285 patients for whom data were available, 210 (73.7%) were profoundly disabled, with no useful motor, speech and intellectual function. Chilblains, glaucoma, hypothyroidism, cardiomyopathy, intracerebral vasculitis, peripheral neuropathy, bowel inflammation and systemic lupus erythematosus were seen frequently enough to be confirmed as real associations with the Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome phenotype. We observed a robust relationship between mutations in all seven genes with increased type I interferon activity in cerebrospinal fluid and serum, and the increased expression of interferon-stimulated gene transcripts in peripheral blood. We recorded a positive correlation between the level of cerebrospinal fluid interferon activity assayed within one year of disease presentation and the degree of subsequent disability. Interferon-stimulated gene transcripts remained high in most patients, indicating an ongoing disease process. On the basis of substantial morbidity and mortality, our data highlight the urgent need to define coherent treatment strategies for the phenotypes associated with mutations in the Aicardi-Goutières syndrome-related genes. Our findings also make it clear that a window of therapeutic opportunity exists relevant to the majority of affected patients and indicate that the assessment of type I interferon activity might serve as a useful biomarker in future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanick J Crow
- INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Neuroinflammation, Paris Descartes - Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Institut Imagine, Hôpital Necker, Paris, France; Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Ansari M, Poke G, Ferry Q, Williamson K, Aldridge R, Meynert AM, Bengani H, Chan CY, Kayserili H, Avci S, Hennekam RCM, Lampe AK, Redeker E, Homfray T, Ross A, Falkenberg Smeland M, Mansour S, Parker MJ, Cook JA, Splitt M, Fisher RB, Fryer A, Magee AC, Wilkie A, Barnicoat A, Brady AF, Cooper NS, Mercer C, Deshpande C, Bennett CP, Pilz DT, Ruddy D, Cilliers D, Johnson DS, Josifova D, Rosser E, Thompson EM, Wakeling E, Kinning E, Stewart F, Flinter F, Girisha KM, Cox H, Firth HV, Kingston H, Wee JS, Hurst JA, Clayton-Smith J, Tolmie J, Vogt J, Tatton-Brown K, Chandler K, Prescott K, Wilson L, Behnam M, McEntagart M, Davidson R, Lynch SA, Sisodiya S, Mehta SG, McKee SA, Mohammed S, Holden S, Park SM, Holder SE, Harrison V, McConnell V, Lam WK, Green AJ, Donnai D, Bitner-Glindzicz M, Donnelly DE, Nellåker C, Taylor MS, FitzPatrick DR. Genetic heterogeneity in Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) and CdLS-like phenotypes with observed and predicted levels of mosaicism. J Med Genet 2014; 51:659-68. [PMID: 25125236 PMCID: PMC4173748 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2014-102573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is a multisystem disorder with distinctive facial appearance, intellectual disability and growth failure as prominent features. Most individuals with typical CdLS have de novo heterozygous loss-of-function mutations in NIPBL with mosaic individuals representing a significant proportion. Mutations in other cohesin components, SMC1A, SMC3, HDAC8 and RAD21 cause less typical CdLS. METHODS We screened 163 affected individuals for coding region mutations in the known genes, 90 for genomic rearrangements, 19 for deep intronic variants in NIPBL and 5 had whole-exome sequencing. RESULTS Pathogenic mutations [including mosaic changes] were identified in: NIPBL 46 [3] (28.2%); SMC1A 5 [1] (3.1%); SMC3 5 [1] (3.1%); HDAC8 6 [0] (3.6%) and RAD21 1 [0] (0.6%). One individual had a de novo 1.3 Mb deletion of 1p36.3. Another had a 520 kb duplication of 12q13.13 encompassing ESPL1, encoding separase, an enzyme that cleaves the cohesin ring. Three de novo mutations were identified in ANKRD11 demonstrating a phenotypic overlap with KBG syndrome. To estimate the number of undetected mosaic cases we used recursive partitioning to identify discriminating features in the NIPBL-positive subgroup. Filtering of the mutation-negative group on these features classified at least 18% as 'NIPBL-like'. A computer composition of the average face of this NIPBL-like subgroup was also more typical in appearance than that of all others in the mutation-negative group supporting the existence of undetected mosaic cases. CONCLUSIONS Future diagnostic testing in 'mutation-negative' CdLS thus merits deeper sequencing of multiple DNA samples derived from different tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morad Ansari
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Gemma Poke
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Quentin Ferry
- Visual Geometry Group, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK Medical Research Council Functional Genomics Unit, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kathleen Williamson
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Roland Aldridge
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Alison M Meynert
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Hemant Bengani
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Cheng Yee Chan
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Hülya Kayserili
- Medical Genetics Department, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sahin Avci
- Medical Genetics Department, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Raoul C M Hennekam
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anne K Lampe
- South East of Scotland Clinical Genetic Service, Molecular Medicine Centre, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Egbert Redeker
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tessa Homfray
- Medical Genetics Unit, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Alison Ross
- North of Scotland Regional Genetics Service, Clinical Genetics Centre, Aberdeen, UK
| | | | - Sahar Mansour
- Medical Genetics Unit, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Michael J Parker
- Sheffield Children's Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Miranda Splitt
- Northern Genetics Service, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Richard B Fisher
- Northern Genetics Service, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Alan Fryer
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Alder Hay Children's Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - Alex C Magee
- Northern Ireland Regional Genetics Service (NIRGS), Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, UK
| | - Andrew Wilkie
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Angela Barnicoat
- Clinical Genetics Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Angela F Brady
- North West Thames Regional Genetics Service, Kennedy-Galton Centre, North West London Hospitals NHS Trust, Harrow, UK
| | - Nicola S Cooper
- West Midlands Regional Clinical Genetics Service, Birmingham Women's Hospital, West Midlands, UK
| | - Catherine Mercer
- Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, Princess Anne Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Charu Deshpande
- Department of Genetics, Guy's Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Daniela T Pilz
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Deborah Ruddy
- Department of Genetics, Guy's Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Deirdre Cilliers
- Department of Clinical Genetics, The Churchill Hospital Old Road, Oxford, UK
| | - Diana S Johnson
- Sheffield Children's Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Dragana Josifova
- Department of Genetics, Guy's Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Elisabeth Rosser
- Clinical Genetics Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Elizabeth M Thompson
- SA Clinical Genetics Service, Women's & Children's Hospital, Adelaide, Australia Department of Paediatrics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Emma Wakeling
- North West Thames Regional Genetics Service, Kennedy-Galton Centre, North West London Hospitals NHS Trust, Harrow, UK
| | - Esther Kinning
- West of Scotland Regional Genetics Service, Ferguson-Smith Centre for Clinical Genetics, Yorkhill Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - Fiona Stewart
- Northern Ireland Regional Genetics Service (NIRGS), Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, UK
| | - Frances Flinter
- Department of Genetics, Guy's Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Katta M Girisha
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, India
| | - Helen Cox
- West Midlands Regional Clinical Genetics Service, Birmingham Women's Hospital, West Midlands, UK
| | - Helen V Firth
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge University Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Helen Kingston
- Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Institute of Human Development, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC), Manchester, UK
| | - Jamie S Wee
- Department of Dermatology, Kingston Hospital NHS Trust, Surrey, UK
| | - Jane A Hurst
- Clinical Genetics Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Jill Clayton-Smith
- Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Institute of Human Development, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC), Manchester, UK
| | - John Tolmie
- West of Scotland Regional Genetics Service, Ferguson-Smith Centre for Clinical Genetics, Yorkhill Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - Julie Vogt
- West Midlands Regional Clinical Genetics Service, Birmingham Women's Hospital, West Midlands, UK
| | | | - Kate Chandler
- Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Institute of Human Development, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC), Manchester, UK
| | - Katrina Prescott
- Clinical Genetics, Yorkshire Regional Genetics Service, Leeds, UK
| | - Louise Wilson
- Clinical Genetics Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Mahdiyeh Behnam
- Medical Genetics Laboratory of Genome, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Rosemarie Davidson
- West of Scotland Regional Genetics Service, Ferguson-Smith Centre for Clinical Genetics, Yorkhill Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - Sally-Ann Lynch
- National Centre for Medical Genetics, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Dublin 12, Ireland
| | - Sanjay Sisodiya
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Sarju G Mehta
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge University Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Shane A McKee
- Northern Ireland Regional Genetics Service (NIRGS), Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, UK
| | - Shehla Mohammed
- Department of Genetics, Guy's Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Simon Holden
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge University Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Soo-Mi Park
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge University Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Susan E Holder
- North West Thames Regional Genetics Service, Kennedy-Galton Centre, North West London Hospitals NHS Trust, Harrow, UK
| | - Victoria Harrison
- Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, Princess Anne Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Vivienne McConnell
- Northern Ireland Regional Genetics Service (NIRGS), Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, UK
| | - Wayne K Lam
- South East of Scotland Clinical Genetic Service, Molecular Medicine Centre, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Andrew J Green
- National Centre for Medical Genetics, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Dublin 12, Ireland School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Dian Donnai
- Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Institute of Human Development, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC), Manchester, UK
| | - Maria Bitner-Glindzicz
- Clinical Genetics Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Deirdre E Donnelly
- Northern Ireland Regional Genetics Service (NIRGS), Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, UK
| | - Christoffer Nellåker
- Medical Research Council Functional Genomics Unit, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Martin S Taylor
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David R FitzPatrick
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Hardy R, Shepherd CW, Donnelly DE, McKee SA, Morrison PJ. Constellation of five facial features of tuberous sclerosis in a child with a TSC2 1808A>G mutation. Oncologist 2012; 17:925-6. [PMID: 22707510 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2011-0407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Hardy
- Belfast City Hospital HSC Trust, Belfast, BT9 7AB, UK
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Aganna E, Hawkins PN, Ozen S, Pettersson T, Bybee A, McKee SA, Lachmann HJ, Karenko L, Ranki A, Bakkaloglu A, Besbas N, Topaloglu R, Hoffman HM, Hitman GA, Woo P, McDermott MF. Allelic variants in genes associated with hereditary periodic fever syndromes as susceptibility factors for reactive systemic AA amyloidosis. Genes Immun 2005; 5:289-93. [PMID: 15071491 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gene.6364070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the hypothesis that low-penetrance mutations in genes (TNFRSF1A, MEFV and NALP3/CIAS1) associated with hereditary periodic fever syndromes (HPFs) might be risk factors for AA amyloidosis among patients with chronic inflammatory disorders, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), Crohn's disease, undiagnosed recurrent fevers and HPFs themselves. Four of 67 patients with RA plus amyloidosis had MEFV variants compared with none of 34 RA patients without amyloid (P value=0.03). The E148Q variant of MEFV was present in two of the three patients with TNF receptor-associated periodic syndrome (TRAPS) complicated by amyloid in two separate multiplex TRAPS families containing 5 and 16 affected members respectively, and the single patient with Muckle-Wells syndrome who had amyloidosis was homozygous for this variant. The R92Q variant of TNFRSF1A was present in two of 61 JIA patients with amyloidosis, and none of 31 nonamyloidotic JIA patients. No HPF gene mutations were found in 130 healthy control subjects. Although allelic variants in HPFs genes are not major susceptibility factors for AA amyloidosis in chronic inflammatory disease, low-penetrance variants of MEFV and TNFRSF1A may have clinically significant proinflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Aganna
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Medicine, Barts and London, Queen Mary's School of Medicine and Dentistry, Whitechapel, London, UK
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9
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Aganna E, Hammond L, Hawkins PN, Aldea A, McKee SA, van Amstel HKP, Mischung C, Kusuhara K, Saulsbury FT, Lachmann HJ, Bybee A, McDermott EM, La Regina M, Arostegui JI, Campistol JM, Worthington S, High KP, Molloy MG, Baker N, Bidwell JL, Castañer JL, Whiteford ML, Janssens-Korpola PL, Manna R, Powell RJ, Woo P, Solis P, Minden K, Frenkel J, Yagüe J, Mirakian RM, Hitman GA, McDermott MF. Heterogeneity among patients with tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated periodic syndrome phenotypes. Arthritis Rheum 2003; 48:2632-44. [PMID: 13130484 DOI: 10.1002/art.11215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the prevalence of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated periodic syndrome (TRAPS) among outpatients presenting with recurrent fevers and clinical features consistent with TRAPS. METHODS Mutational screening was performed in affected members of 18 families in which multiple members had symptoms compatible with TRAPS and in 176 consecutive subjects with sporadic (nonfamilial) "TRAPS-like" symptoms. Plasma concentrations of soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily 1A (sTNFRSF1A) were measured, and fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis was used to measure TNFRSF1A shedding from monocytes. RESULTS Eight novel and 3 previously reported TNFRSF1A missense mutations were identified, including an amino acid deletion (Delta D42) in a Northern Irish family and a C70S mutation in a Japanese family, both reported for the first time. Only 3 TNFRSF1A variants were found in patients with sporadic TRAPS (4 of 176 patients). Evidence for nonallelic heterogeneity in TRAPS-like conditions was found: 3 members of the "prototype familial Hibernian fever" family did not possess C33Y, present in 9 other affected members. Plasma sTNFRSF1A levels were low in TRAPS patients in whom renal amyloidosis had not developed, but also in mutation-negative symptomatic subjects in 4 families, and in 14 patients (8%) with sporadic TRAPS. Reduced shedding of TNFRSF1A from monocytes was demonstrated in vitro in patients with the T50M and T50K variants, but not in those with other variants. CONCLUSION The presence of TNFRSF1A shedding defects and low sTNFRSF1A levels in 3 families without a TNFRSF1A mutation indicates that the genetic basis among patients with "TRAPS-like" features is heterogeneous. TNFRSF1A mutations are not commonly associated with nonfamilial recurrent fevers of unknown etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebun Aganna
- Barts and London, Queen Mary's School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
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Wall AM, McKee SA, Hinson RE, Goldstein A. Examining alcohol outcome expectancies in laboratory and naturalistic bar settings: a within-subject experimental analysis. Psychol Addict Behav 2001; 15:219-26. [PMID: 11563799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
Using a within-subject design, this study investigated the situational-specificity hypothesis, namely that alcohol outcome expectancies (AOEs), subjective evaluations of AOEs, and the speed with which AOEs are accessed from memory vary as a function of environmental setting. Thirty-nine undergraduates (20 women), of legal drinking age, responded to the Comprehensive Effects of Alcohol questionnaire (K. Fromme, E. Stroot, & D. Kaplan, 1993) that was presented on a laptop computer in 2 counterbalanced contexts: a laboratory setting and an on-campus bar. Response latencies served as dependent measures for memory accessibility. Consistent with previous research (A.-M. Wall, S. A. McKee, & R. E. Hinson, 2000), evidence in support of the situational-specificity hypothesis was found. Specifically, environmental context influenced undergraduates' expectations concerning alcohol's effects and subjective evaluations of AOEs, as well as the speed with which specific AOEs were accessed from memory. Overall, these findings suggest the need for greater attention to situational variation in AOEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Wall
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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McKee SA, Barnicoat A, Fryer A, Flinter F, McCormick D, McKeown C. Joint and skin laxity with Dandy-Walker malformation and contractures: a distinct recessive syndrome? Clin Dysmorphol 2001; 10:177-80. [PMID: 11446409 DOI: 10.1097/00019605-200107000-00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We report the case of a girl who has joint and skin laxity with atrophic scarring, and was diagnosed at birth with a Dandy-Walker malformation. She subsequently developed joint contractures, hydrocephalus and syringomyelia. This case shows some similarities to Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type VI, but with no evidence of lysyl hydroxylase deficiency or ocular fragility. It is likely that she represents a distinct and recognizable syndrome. There was parental consanguinity and a subsequent pregnancy resulted in a similarly affected fetus, suggesting autosomal recessive inheritance.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A McKee
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Birmingham Women's Hospital, Birmingham, UK.
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Libutti SK, Choyke PL, Alexander HR, Glenn G, Bartlett DL, Zbar B, Lubensky I, McKee SA, Maher ER, Linehan WM, Walther MM. Clinical and genetic analysis of patients with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors associated with von Hippel-Lindau disease. Surgery 2000; 128:1022-7;discussion 1027-8. [PMID: 11114638 DOI: 10.1067/msy.2000.110239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with von Hippel-Lindau disease (VHL) may develop pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs), which can behave in a malignant fashion. We prospectively evaluated size criteria for resection of lesions and the role of genotype/phenotype analysis of germline VHL mutations in predicting clinical course. METHODS From December 1988 through December 1999 we screened 389 patients with VHL. The diagnosis of PNET was made by pathologic analysis of tissues or by radiographic appearance. Germline mutations were determined by quantitative Southern blotting, fluorescence in situ hybridization and complete gene sequencing. RESULTS Forty-four patients with PNETs have been identified; 25 have undergone surgical resection, 5 had metastatic disease, and 14 are being monitored. No patient who has undergone resection based on tumor size criteria has developed metastases. Patients with PNETs were more likely to have missense mutations (58%), and 4 of 5 patients (80%) with metastatic disease had mutations in exon 3 compared with 18 of 39 (46%) patients without metastatic disease. CONCLUSIONS Imaging for detection and surgical resection based on size criteria have resulted in the successful management of VHL patients with PNETs. Analysis of germline mutations may help identify patients at risk for PNET and which patients may benefit from surgical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Libutti
- Surgical Metabolism Section, Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Wall AM, McKee SA, Hinson RE. Assessing variation in alcohol outcome expectancies across environmental context: an examination of the situational-specificity hypothesis. Psychol Addict Behav 2000; 14:367-75. [PMID: 11130155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Using an in vivo manipulation, this study examined whether alcohol outcome expectancies (AOEs) vary across environmental settings. Two hundred twenty-one undergraduates were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 conditions in which environmental context (an on-campus bar vs. a laboratory) and instructed phase of intoxication ("just enough to begin to feel intoxicated" vs. "too much to drink") were manipulated. AOEs were assessed with a revised version of the Effects of Alcohol Scale (L. Southwick, C. Steele, A. Marlatt, & M. Lindell, 1981). Compared with participants tested in the laboratory, individuals exposed to the on-campus bar expected greater alcohol-related stimulation/perceived dominance and pleasurable disinhibition. Women expected more behavioral impairment during the latter stage of intoxication. These findings highlight the importance of ecologically valid research in this area, as well as cue-exposure assessment and treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Wall
- Department of Psychology, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M3J 1P3.
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Richards FM, McKee SA, Rajpar MH, Cole TR, Evans DG, Jankowski JA, McKeown C, Sanders DS, Maher ER. Germline E-cadherin gene (CDH1) mutations predispose to familial gastric cancer and colorectal cancer. Hum Mol Genet 1999; 8:607-10. [PMID: 10072428 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/8.4.607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inherited mutations in the E-cadherin gene ( CDH1 ) were described recently in three Maori kindreds with familial gastric cancer. Familial gastric cancer is genetically heterogeneous and it is not clear what proportion of gastric cancer susceptibility in non-Maori populations is due to germline CDH1 mutations. Therefore, we screened eight familial gastric cancer kindreds of British and Irish origin for germline CDH1 mutations, by SSCP analysis of all 16 exons and flanking sequences. Each family contained: (i) two cases of gastric cancer in first degree relatives with one affected before age 50 years; or (ii) three or more cases of gastric cancer. Novel germline CDH1 mutations (a nonsense and a splice site) were detected in two families (25%). Both mutations were predicted to truncate the E-cadherin protein in the signal peptide domain. In one family there was evidence of non-penetrance and susceptibility to both gastric and colorectal cancer; thus, in addition to six cases of gastric cancer, a CDH1 mutation carrier developed colorectal cancer at age 30 years. We have confirmed that germline mutations in the CDH1 gene cause familial gastric cancer in non-Maori populations. However, only a minority of familial gastric cancers can be accounted for by CDH1 mutations. Loss of E-cadherin function has been implicated in the pathogenesis of sporadic colorectal and other cancers, and our findings provide evidence that germline CDH1 mutations predispose to early onset colorectal cancer. Thus, CDH1 should be investigated as a cause of inherited susceptibility to both gastric and colorectal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- F M Richards
- Section of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Division of Reproductive and Child Health, University of Birmingham, The Medical School, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study investigated whether alcohol outcome expectancies are empirically distinguishable from attitudes toward drinking. Specifically, the contribution of expectancies and attitudes to the Theory of Planned Behavior was assessed. METHOD Undergraduates (N = 316; 170 male), of legal drinking age, who drank at least once a month participated. Intentions to drink "too much" and self-report excessive consumption episodes served as criterion measures, and attitudes, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control and alcohol outcome expectancies were employed as predictor variables. Stepwise regression analyses were performed separately for men and women. RESULTS The Theory of Planned Behavior appeared to be a valid framework for predicting excessive alcohol consumption among undergraduates. The predictive power of the model, however, was enhanced through the inclusion of gender-specific alcohol outcome expectancies. Specifically, in addition to attitudes and perceived behavioral control, women's expectancies for sociability enhanced the prediction of intentions to drink "too much." Expectancies for sexual functioning (male) and assertiveness (female) improved the prediction of excessive consumption, over and above intentions and perceived behavioral control. CONCLUSIONS Alcohol outcome expectancies, unlike attitudes, are proximal predictors of excessive alcohol consumption among undergraduates.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Wall
- Department of Psychology, York University, Ontario, Canada
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Abstract
This study was designed to examine the pattern and strength of relationships among coping styles and alcohol outcome expectancies with regard to drinking behavior in young adult social drinkers. Quantity and frequency of weekly consumption were used as criterion measures, and alcohol outcome expectancies/valences (CEOA: Fromme, Stroot & Kaplan, 1993) and coping styles (COPE: Carver, Scheier, & Weintraub, 1989) were used as predictor variables. For males, the expectancy of risk and aggression, and the valence of cognitive and behavioral impairment, were predictive of drinking behavior. For females, sociability valence and the expectancy of negative self-evaluation positively predicted the alcohol-use measures. With regards to coping styles, alcohol and drug disengagement and suppression of competing activities uniquely predicted alcohol use in males, whereas alcohol and drug disengagement, turning to religion, and behavioral disengagement were predictive of female alcohol use. In general, coping styles were more predictive of the alcohol-use measures than were alcohol-outcome expectancies. Practical implications of these results are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A McKee
- Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
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Roberts GB, Fyfe JA, McKee SA, Rahim SG, Daluge SM, Almond MR, Rideout JL, Koszalka GW, Krenitsky TA. Varicella-zoster virus thymidine kinase. Characterization and substrate specificity. Biochem Pharmacol 1993; 46:2209-18. [PMID: 8274154 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(93)90611-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The varicella-zoster virus (VZV) thymidine kinase (TK) EC 2.7.2.21) catalyzes the phosphorylation of many anti-VZV nucleosides. Purified, bacterially expressed VZV TK was characterized with regard to N-terminal amino acid sequence, pI value, pH optimum, metal ion requirement, phosphate donor and acceptor specificity, and inhibition by dTTP. Initial velocities of thymidine phosphorylation with variable MgATP concentrations fit a two-site model with apparent Km values for MgATP of 0.10 and 900 microM. dTTP was a noncompetitive inhibitor of thymidine phosphorylation but was competitive with MgATP. Phosphate donor and acceptor specificities of the bacterially expressed enzyme were indistinguishable from those of VZV TK purified from infected cells. Detailed studies of the nucleoside specificity with the bacterially expressed enzyme showed that, for a given sugar moiety, thymine nucleosides were the most efficient substrates followed by nucleosides of cytosine, uracil, adenine, and with some exceptions, guanine. For a given pyrimidine or purine (except guanine), 2'-deoxyribonucleosides were the most efficient substrates, followed by arabinosides, ribonucleosides, 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleosides, and the acyclic moiety of acyclovir.
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Affiliation(s)
- G B Roberts
- Wellcome Research Laboratories, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
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Hinson RE, McKee SA, Lovenjak T, Wall AM. The effect of the CS-UCS interval and extinction on place conditioning and analgesic tolerance with morphine. J Psychopharmacol 1993; 7:164-72. [PMID: 22290663 DOI: 10.1177/026988119300700204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In experiment 1, a CS-UCS interval study of place conditioning and analgesic tolerance with morphine was conducted. Morphine (10 mg/kg i.p.) was administered to separate groups of rats either 2 h prior to, 1 h prior to, immediately prior to, immediately after or 2 h after 30-min confinement in one end compartment of a place conditioning apparatus. A total of three choice tests was given, one after every six morphine injections. A preference for the end compartment contingent upon morphine injection was shown in groups that received morphine prior to end compartment placement. Groups that received morphine after end compartment placement were not different in their preference behavior from groups that received only saline during place conditioning training. A hot-plate test for tolerance to the analgesic effect of morphine was given at the end of all choice testing. All groups that had received morphine during place conditioning training were equally tolerant. These results indicate a dissociation between the analgesic effect of morphine and the effect that produces place preference, since the former was not affected by temporal parameters that did affect the latter. In the second experiment, the effect of extinction on a morphine-induced place preference was studied using extinction procedures that, in contrast to previous studies, equated exposure to both end compartments. Whereas the morphine-induced place preference was undiminished by a 10-day retention period in which animals received saline injections in the home cage, extinction trials during the same period eliminated the place preference. These results provide evidence that morphine-induced place preferences involve associative processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Hinson
- Department of Psychology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada N6A 5C2
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Keller PM, McKee SA, Fyfe JA. Cytoplasmic 5'-nucleotidase catalyzes acyclovir phosphorylation. J Biol Chem 1985; 260:8664-7. [PMID: 2991214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A cytoplasmic 5'-nucleotidase (EC 3.1.3.5) can catalyze the phosphorylation of inosine (Worku, Y., and Newby, A.C. (1982) Biochem. J. 205, 503-510). This enzyme was purified to determine whether it could catalyze the formation of trace levels of phosphorylated acyclovir (ACV), a nucleoside analog with antiherpes activity. Acyclovir phosphorylating activity from rat liver co-chromatographed with the enzyme throughout the 1200-fold purification and through size exclusion chromatography or polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. In addition, the pH optimum, ATP stimulation, and phosphate inhibition of the ACV phosphorylating activity paralleled those of the 5'-nucleotidase. Finally, ACV phosphorylation was competitively inhibited by inosine (Kis = 6.5 mM; K'm (inosine) = 5.0 mM). This was consistent with phosphorylation at a common catalytic site. In addition to inosine and ACV, the guanine derivatives Guo, dGuo, 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosylguanine, and 9-(1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxymethyl)guanine were substrates for the enzyme. The relative phosphorylation rates were, respectively, 100, 0.7, 19, 4, 0.3, and 0.7, at 0.1 mM phosphate acceptor. Approximate K'm values were, respectively, 5, 90, 10, 10, greater than 100, and greater than 100 mM. Although the substrate activity of ACV with the 5'-nucleotidase was inefficient, it appeared to be sufficient to account for the small amounts of ACV phosphates formed in uninfected cells.
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Abstract
A method to measure orthophosphate which contaminates samples of ATP was developed. Concentrations of orthophosphate as low as 0.4% of the ATP concentration were determined using a zinc-molybdate reagent [D. A. Bencini, J. R. Wild, and G. A. O'Donovan, Anal. Biochem. 132, 254-258 (1983)] and continuous spectrophotometric monitoring of chromophore formation. Since the rate of ATP hydrolysis was pseudo-first order and was slow compared to the rate of chromophore formation, the initial concentration of phosphate could be readily determined by extrapolation to zero time. The method is rapid and reproducible, and requires a single, stable reagent.
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Fyfe JA, McKee SA, Keller PM. Altered thymidine-thymidylate kinases from strains of herpes simplex virus with modified drug sensitivities to acyclovir and (E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine. Mol Pharmacol 1983; 24:316-23. [PMID: 6310366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Virus-coded thymidine (dThd) kinases were purified by affinity chromatography from a parental strain (SC16) and two strains (SC16 B3 and SC16 S1) of herpes simplex virus, Type 1, with altered drug sensitivities. These latter two strains were less sensitive, respectively, to E-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (BrVdUrd) and to both BrVdUrd and 9-(2-hydroxyethoxymethyl)guanine (acyclovir). The enzymes were characterized with respect to physical and catalytic properties. The enzyme from SC16 B3 was very similar to the parental enzyme except in its substrate specificity and kinetic constants. It catalyzed the phosphorylation of BrVdUrd at a relative rate that was 110% of the rate with dThd versus a relative rate of 140% with the parental enzyme. The apparent Km value for BrVdUrd was 6 microM versus 0.1 microM for the parental enzyme. The reaction kinetics with acyclovir were similar for the two enzymes. The SC16 B3 enzyme catalyzed the phosphorylation of dTMP, but at only 2% the efficiency of the parental enzyme; phosphorylation of the monophosphate of BrVdUrd (BrVdUMP) was not detected with the SC16 B3 enzyme. The enzyme from the SC16 S1 variant had a much narrower phosphate acceptor specificity than the enzyme from the parental virus. BrVdUrd was a substrate but with a relative rate of 30% and an apparent Km value of 4 microM; acyclovir was neither detectably phosphorylated nor a good inhibitor. BrVdUMP was not detectably phosphorylated. The relative efficiencies of the two variant enzymes for acyclovir phosphorylation correlated well with the sensitivities of the viruses to this compound. In contrast, the relative efficiencies of the second phosphorylation step (BrVdUMP to BrVdUDP) were most consistent with the sensitivities of the viruses to BrVdUrd.
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Abstract
Acyclovir inhibited the replication of a varicella-like simian virus (DHV-1) in cell culture (Vero cells) with an ED50 of 38 +/- 2 microM. The activation of acyclovir in this cell culture system was compared with that in the cell system with human varicella zoster virus (VZV). Extracts of cells infected with DHV-1 catalyzed the phosphorylation of acyclovir. The phosphorylation was inhibited by dThd, suggesting the catalyst was a dThd kinase. Electrophoresis of cytosol fractions on polyacrylamide gels corroborated the existence of a virus-associated dThd kinase. This enzyme copurified with an acyclovir-phosphorylating activity. The enzyme catalyzed the phosphorylation of acyclovir at a greater relative rate than that with the VZV enzyme, but with a higher apparent Km value for acyclovir. The relative efficiencies for the two enzymes with acyclovir were similar. Anabolic studies with cells infected with DHV-1 and incubated with [14C]acyclovir indicated that triphosphate of acyclovir did accumulate. The results indicate that acyclovir is activated in cells infected with DHV-1 in a manner similar to that in cells infected with VZV.
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