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Gautam S, Latif S, Kang YS. Effect of Various Pathological Conditions on Nitric Oxide Level and L-Citrulline Uptake in Motor Neuron-Like (NSC-34) Cell Lines. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2024; 32:154-161. [PMID: 38148559 PMCID: PMC10762273 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2023.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal motor neuron disorder that causes progressive paralysis. L-Citrulline is a non-essential neutral amino acid produced by L-arginine via nitric oxide synthase (NOS). According to previous studies, the pathogenesis of ALS entails glutamate toxicity, oxidative stress, protein misfolding, and neurofilament disruption. In addition, L-citrulline prevents neuronal cell death in brain ischemia; therefore, we investigated the change in the transport of L-citrulline under various pathological conditions in a cell line model of ALS. We examined the uptake of [14C]L-citrulline in wild-type (hSOD1wt/WT) and mutant NSC-34/ SOD1G93A (MT) cell lines. The cell viability was determined via MTT assay. A transport study was performed to determine the uptake of [14C]L-citrulline. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis was performed to determine the expression levels of rat large neutral amino acid transported 1 (rLAT1) in ALS cell lines. Nitric oxide (NO) assay was performed using Griess reagent. L-Citrulline had a restorative effect on glutamate induced cell death, and increased [14C]L-citrulline uptake and mRNA levels of the large neutral amino acid transporter (LAT1) in the glutamate-treated ALS disease model (MT). NO levels increased significantly when MT cells were pretreated with glutamate for 24 h and restored by co-treatment with L-citrulline. Co-treatment of MT cells with L-arginine, an NO donor, increased NO levels. NSC-34 cells exposed to high glucose conditions showed a significant increase in [14C]L-citrulline uptake and LAT1 mRNA expression levels, which were restored to normal levels upon co-treatment with unlabeled L-citrulline. In contrast, exposure of the MT cell line to tumor necrosis factor alpha, lipopolysaccharides, and hypertonic condition decreased the uptake significantly which was restored to the normal level by co-treating with unlabeled L-citrulline. L-Citrulline can restore NO levels and cellular uptake in ALS-affected cells with glutamate cytotoxicity, pro-inflammatory cytokines, or other pathological states, suggesting that L-citrulline supplementation in ALS may play a key role in providing neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashi Gautam
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Sana Latif
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Sook Kang
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
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Kumar A, Gautam S, Atri S, Tafreshi HV, Pourdeyhimi B. Importance of Dipole Orientation in Electrostatic Aerosol Filtration. Langmuir 2023. [PMID: 38019151 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Electrostatic charge is a major part of modern-day aerosol filtration media (e.g., N95 respirators and surgical facemasks) that has remained poorly understood due to its complicated physics. As such, charging a fibrous material has relied on empiricism in dire need of a mathematical foundation to further advance product design and optimization. In this concern, we have conducted a series of numerical simulations to improve our understanding of how an electrostatically charged fiber captures airborne particles and to quantify how the fiber's dipole orientation impacts its capture efficiency. Special attention was paid to the role of Coulomb and dielectrophoretic forces in the capture of particles of different charge polarities (e.g., particles having a Boltzmann charge distribution). Simulation results were compared with the predictions of the popular empirical correlations from the literature and discussed in detail. Predictions of the empirical correlations better agreed with the simulation results obtained for fibers with a dipole perpendicular to the flow direction rather than for fibers with a dipole parallel to the flow. This indicates that such empirical correlations are more suitable for filters charged via contact electrification (friction charging), where the dipoles are mostly perpendicular to the flow direction, and less suitable for corona-charged media, where the fiber dipoles are generally parallel to the flow direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kumar
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, NC State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7910, United States
| | - S Gautam
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, NC State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7910, United States
| | - S Atri
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, NC State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7910, United States
| | - H V Tafreshi
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, NC State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7910, United States
- The Nonwovens Institute, NC State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - B Pourdeyhimi
- The Nonwovens Institute, NC State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
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Ragagnin AMG, Sundaramoorthy V, Farzana F, Gautam S, Saravanabavan S, Takalloo Z, Mehta P, Do-Ha D, Parakh S, Shadfar S, Hunter J, Vidal M, Jagaraj CJ, Brocardo M, Konopka A, Yang S, Rayner SL, Williams KL, Blair IP, Chung RS, Lee A, Ooi L, Atkin JD. ALS/FTD-associated mutation in cyclin F inhibits ER-Golgi trafficking, inducing ER stress, ERAD and Golgi fragmentation. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20467. [PMID: 37993492 PMCID: PMC10665471 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46802-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a severely debilitating neurodegenerative condition that is part of the same disease spectrum as frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Mutations in the CCNF gene, encoding cyclin F, are present in both sporadic and familial ALS and FTD. However, the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration remain unclear. Proper functioning of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi apparatus compartments is essential for normal physiological activities and to maintain cellular viability. Here, we demonstrate that ALS/FTD-associated variant cyclin FS621G inhibits secretory protein transport from the ER to Golgi apparatus, by a mechanism involving dysregulation of COPII vesicles at ER exit sites. Consistent with this finding, cyclin FS621G also induces fragmentation of the Golgi apparatus and activates ER stress, ER-associated degradation, and apoptosis. Induction of Golgi fragmentation and ER stress were confirmed with a second ALS/FTD variant cyclin FS195R, and in cortical primary neurons. Hence, this study provides novel insights into pathogenic mechanisms associated with ALS/FTD-variant cyclin F, involving perturbations to both secretory protein trafficking and ER-Golgi homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey M G Ragagnin
- Motor Neuron Disease Research Centre, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Vinod Sundaramoorthy
- Motor Neuron Disease Research Centre, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Fabiha Farzana
- Motor Neuron Disease Research Centre, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Shashi Gautam
- Motor Neuron Disease Research Centre, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Sayanthooran Saravanabavan
- Motor Neuron Disease Research Centre, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Zeinab Takalloo
- Motor Neuron Disease Research Centre, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Prachi Mehta
- Motor Neuron Disease Research Centre, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Dzung Do-Ha
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Sonam Parakh
- Motor Neuron Disease Research Centre, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Sina Shadfar
- Motor Neuron Disease Research Centre, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Julie Hunter
- Motor Neuron Disease Research Centre, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Marta Vidal
- Motor Neuron Disease Research Centre, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Cyril J Jagaraj
- Motor Neuron Disease Research Centre, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Mariana Brocardo
- Motor Neuron Disease Research Centre, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Anna Konopka
- Motor Neuron Disease Research Centre, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Shu Yang
- Motor Neuron Disease Research Centre, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Stephanie L Rayner
- Motor Neuron Disease Research Centre, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Kelly L Williams
- Motor Neuron Disease Research Centre, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Ian P Blair
- Motor Neuron Disease Research Centre, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Roger S Chung
- Motor Neuron Disease Research Centre, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Albert Lee
- Motor Neuron Disease Research Centre, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Lezanne Ooi
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Julie D Atkin
- Motor Neuron Disease Research Centre, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia.
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia.
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Gautam S, Osman AFI, Richeson D, Manandhar B, Alam S, Song WY. A 3D Deep Convolutional Neural Network for Dose Distribution Prediction of Intracavitary HDR Brachytherapy of Cervical Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e514. [PMID: 37785606 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.1774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) The purpose of this work is to develop a voxel-wise dose prediction model using convolutional neural network (CNN) for cervical cancer high-dose-rate (HDR) intracavitary brachytherapy treatment planning with tandem-and-ovoid (T&O) or tandem-and-ring (T&R) applicators. MATERIALS/METHODS A 3D U-NET CNN was implemented to generate voxel-wise dose predictions based on high-risk clinical target volume (HRCTV) and organs at risk (OAR) contour information. A multi-institutional cohort of 77 retrospective clinical HDR brachytherapy plans treated to a prescription dose in the range of 4.8-7.0 Gy/fx was used in this study. Those plans were randomly divided into 60%/20%/20% as training, validating, and testing cohorts. Data augmentation techniques were implemented in the training and validation cohort data to increase the number of plans to 252. The model was trained using the mean-squared loss function, Adam optimization algorithm, a learning rate of 0.001, 250 epochs, and a batch size of 8. The model performance was evaluated on the testing dataset by analyzing the outcomes in terms of mean dose values and derived dose-volume-histogram (DVH) indices from 3D dose distributions and comparing the generated dose distributions against the ground-truth dose distributions using dose statistics and clinically meaningful dosimetric indices. RESULTS The proposed 3D U-Net model showed competitive accuracy in predicting 3D dose distributions that closely resemble the ground truth dose distributions. The average value of mean absolute error was 0.108±3.617 Gy for HRCTV, 0.074±1.315 Gy for bladder, 0.093±0.981 Gy for rectum, and 0.035±2.789 Gy for sigmoid. The median absolute error was 1.264 Gy for HRCTV, 0. 441 Gy for the bladder, 0.018 Gy for rectum, and 0.019 Gy for sigmoid. Our results showed that the predicted mean D2cc OAR doses in the bladder, rectum, and sigmoid were 4.02±0.93, 3.77±0.57 and 3.36±0.82 Gy in comparison to 4.35±0.98, 3.99±0.53, 3.75±0.83 Gy in clinical plans, respectively, and the mean individual differences (ΔD2cc) were 0.33±0.41, 0.22±0.16 and 0.39±0.45 Gy, respectively. The predicted D90 of the HRCTV was 6.72±0.99 Gy in comparison with 6.83±1.72 Gy in clinical plans. Results indicate a good potential to predict useful dosimetric indices and thus would facilitate an improvement in brachytherapy treatment planning workflow. The proposed model needs less than 5 seconds to predict a full 3D dose distribution of 64 × 64 × 64 voxels for any new patient plan, thus making it sufficient for near real-time applications and aid in decision-making in clinic. CONCLUSION The proposed model can be used to predict 3D dose distributions for near real-time decision-making, before planning, for planning quality assurance, and for guiding future automated planning for improved plan consistency, quality, and planning efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gautam
- Virginia Commonwealth University, RICHMOND, VA
| | - A F I Osman
- Al-Neelain University, Khartoum, None, Sudan
| | - D Richeson
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - B Manandhar
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - S Alam
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - W Y Song
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
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5
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Richeson D, Gholami S, Manandhar B, Alam S, Gautam S, Scanderbeg DJ, Yashar CM, Prisciandaro JI, Jolly S, Fields EC, Song WY. Direction Modulated Brachytherapy Tandem Model Applicators for Treatment Planning of Multi-Institutional Cervical Cancer Cases. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e540. [PMID: 37785669 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.1832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) Direction Modulated Brachytherapy (DMBT) offers a means of utilizing an anisotropic source to create more conformal dose distributions when integrated with image-guided adaptive brachytherapy (IGABT). Authors sought to validate the implementation of nine unique six-channeled, MRI-compatible, novel DMBT tandem applicators of varying physical dimensions within Varian's BrachyVision® (v16.1) treatment planning system (BV-TPS). MATERIALS/METHODS A total of 110 retrospective clinically delivered high-dose-rate (HDR) cervical cancer brachytherapy plans, from three institutions, were re-planned for each of the nine DMBT tandem models within the BV-TPS, using the latest VEGO® inverse optimization algorithm, with dose heterogeneity accounted for through AcurosBV®. Plans consisted of both intracavitary (77 plans) and interstitial (33 plans) cases with an average prescription dose and high-risk clinical target volumes (CTVHR) of 607±113 cGy and 26.96±14.95 [range 6.70-69.58] cm3, respectively. During re-planning, the conventional tandems were replaced by one of the nine DMBT tandem models while leaving ovoids or rings, and needles (if present), in place. A two-step inverse optimization process was performed such that the lowest possible organs at risk (OAR) D2cc doses could be achieved while 1) keeping equivalent target coverage (ΔCTVHR-D90 to within ±0.5%) and, at the same time, 2) maintaining the general pear-shape dose distribution of the original plans. RESULTS Noteworthy improvements in plan quality were achieved by all nine DMBT tandem models, which are presented in Table 1. Irrespective of the model, about ∼50 cGy reduction in D2cc across all OARs appear feasible. There is also a general trend of D2cc reductions' magnitude becoming smaller as the CTVHR volume increased due to loss in modulation at distance. Additionally, D2cc reductions in terms of EQD2 [Gy] were calculated assuming each re-plan was delivered throughout the course of treatment, which includes the external beam radiotherapy dose of 45 Gy and showed significant reductions of -6.29±4.38 Gy, -3.80±2.06 Gy, and -4.86±3.02 Gy for the bladder, rectum, and sigmoid, respectively, for DMBT model #9 for example. CONCLUSION We have successfully incorporated nine DMBT tandem models into a commercial TPS and re-planned 110 cases, to a total of 990 plans. All nine DMBT tandem models were each able to generate notable D2cc reductions to OARs (∼50 cGy), without compromising target coverage, across plans from multiple institutions with various clinical/optimization practices. The results indicate both a promising impact and smooth integration of DMBT tandem technology into modern clinical IGABT workflow.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Richeson
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - S Gholami
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UAMS Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
| | - B Manandhar
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - S Alam
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - S Gautam
- Virginia Commonwealth University, RICHMOND, VA
| | | | - C M Yashar
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | | | - S Jolly
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - E C Fields
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Virginia Commonwealth University Health System, Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, VA
| | - W Y Song
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
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Manandhar B, Gholami S, Richeson D, Alam S, Gautam S, Scanderbeg DJ, Yashar CM, Prisciandaro JI, Jolly S, Fields EC, Song WY. Direction Modulated Brachytherapy Tandem Model Applicators for Treatment Planning of Multi-Institutional Cervical Cancer Cases: Removing Needles in Intracavitary-Interstitial Techniques. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e529-e530. [PMID: 37785642 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.1810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) To evaluate the potential of nine direction modulated brachytherapy (DMBT) tandem applicator models of various designs to obviate the need for needles during intracavitary-interstitial (IC-IS) cervical cancer brachytherapy. MATERIALS/METHODS A cohort of 33 retrospective clinical high dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy plans, from three institutions, were re-planned with Varian's BrachyVision® (v16.1) treatment planning system (BV-TPS), using the latest VEGO® inverse optimization algorithm, with dose heterogeneity accounted for through the AcurosBV® model-based dose calculation algorithm. All plans consisted of IC-IS cases, with a range of 2-4 freehand-loaded needles, with an average prescription dose of 706±54 cGy and average high-risk clinical target volume (HRCTV) of 36.0±17.4 [range 9.8-69.6] cm3. Nine novel DMBT tandem models of varying physical dimensions were integrated for the first time into the BV-TPS, with thicknesses (4-8 mm). During re-planning, the conventional tandems and all of the needles were replaced by one of the nine DMBT tandem models while leaving the ovoids/rings in place. An optimization process was performed such that the lowest possible organs at risk (OAR) D2cc doses could be achieved while keeping equivalent target coverage (ΔHRCTV-D90 to within ±0.5%) and maintaining a pear-shape dose distribution. The process was repeated for each of the nine DMBT tandem models resulting in (33 × 9 =) 297 plans. RESULTS Average ΔHRCTV-D90 was +0.35±0.39% (+2.8±3.1 cGy). OAR D2cc reductions were achieved by all models for all plans. The performance of the thickest DMBT model (8 mm) was the best in terms of achieving the lowest D2cc for all OARs, with 31 out of 33 plans (94%) achieving lower D2cc doses for all three OARs. The two cases in which the D2cc doses could not be reduced had HRCTV volumes ranging between 50 cm3 and 60 cm3. Additionally, D2cc reductions in terms of EQD2 [Gy] were calculated assuming each re-plan was delivered throughout the entire course of a patient's treatment, which included the external beam radiotherapy dose of 45 Gy, showed significant reductions of -2.64±2.67 Gy, -1.65±1.97 Gy, and -2.80±2.20 Gy for bladder, rectum, and sigmoid, respectively. CONCLUSION According to the results, it is clinically feasible to replace the conventional IC-IS cases, with 2-4 freehand-loaded needles, with the DMBT tandem technology, effectively avoiding the need for needle involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Manandhar
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - S Gholami
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UAMS Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
| | - D Richeson
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - S Alam
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - S Gautam
- Virginia Commonwealth University, RICHMOND, VA
| | | | - C M Yashar
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA; Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | | | - S Jolly
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - E C Fields
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Virginia Commonwealth University Health System, Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, VA; VCU Radiation Oncology, Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, VA
| | - W Y Song
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
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Alam S, Richeson D, Manandhar B, Gholami S, Gautam S, Scanderbeg DJ, Yashar CM, Prisciandaro JI, Jolly S, Fields EC, Song WY. Combining Novel Direction Modulated Brachytherapy Tandem-and-Ovoids Applicators for Treatment Planning of Multi-Institutional Cervical Cancer Cases: Removing Needles in Intracavitary-Interstitial Techniques. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e545. [PMID: 37785680 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.1843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) Lack of standard guidelines for optimal needle insertion during high-dose-rate (HDR) intracavitary-interstitial (IC-IS) brachytherapy of the cervix means a sophisticated and technical skillset of inserting needles next to IC applicators must be developed to enhance plan quality. This study sought to evaluate the performance of two separate direction modulated brachytherapy (DMBT) tandem applicators used in conjunction with one set of novel DMBT ovoids, uniquely designed to effectively obviate the need for IS needles. MATERIALS/METHODS A cohort of 32 retrospective clinical HDR brachytherapy plans, from three institutions, were re-planned with Varian's BrachyVision® (v16.1) treatment planning system (BV-TPS), using the latest VEGO® inverse optimization algorithm, with dose heterogeneity accounted for through the AcurosBV®. All plans consisted of IC-IS cases, with a range of 2-4 freehand-loaded needles, with an average prescription dose of 709±53 cGy, and with an average high-risk clinical target volume (HRCTV) of 36.73±17.15 [range 9.8-69.6] cm3. Two DMBT tandem models of 5.4-mm and 8.0-mm thicknesses along with a novel DMBT ovoids design, introduced for the first time, with 9 equi-angled grooves and 10-mm-diameter thickness. During re-planning, the conventional tandems, ovoids/rings, and all of the needles were replaced by one of the two DMBT tandem models and a set of DMBT ovoids. A two-step inverse optimization process was performed to achieve the lowest possible OAR D2cc doses while 1) keeping equivalent target coverage (ΔHRCTV-D90 to within ±0.5%) and 2) maintaining the general pear-shape dose distribution used by the original plans. For all plans, this process was repeated using each of the two DMBT tandem-and-ovoids combinations for a total re-planning of (32×2 =) 64 cases. RESULTS On average, -47.15±29.61 (-40.40±34.90) cGy, -42.98±26.58 (-41.70±27.40) cGy, and -40.47±25.05 (-32.55±25.30) cGy reductions in D2cc across bladder, rectum, and sigmoid, respectively, were achieved for the 8-mm (5.4-mm) DMBT tandem-and-ovoids combinations while the average ΔHRCTV-D90 was +4.3±2.9 cGy (+0.5%±0.4%). Additionally, D2cc reductions in terms of EQD2 [Gy] were calculated and showed significant reductions of -4.05±2.47 (-3.37±2.83) Gy, -2.71±1.79 (-2.59±1.74) Gy, and -3.27±1.96 (-2.65±2.06) Gy for bladder, rectum, and sigmoid, respectively with an average net increase in total dwell times of 241.0±87.6 seconds at the luxury of avoiding IS needle insertions. CONCLUSION It is clinically feasible to obviate the need for IS needles by incorporating the DMBT tandem-and-ovoids while producing lower OAR D2cc doses and maintaining equivalent target coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Alam
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - D Richeson
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - B Manandhar
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - S Gholami
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UAMS Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
| | - S Gautam
- Virginia Commonwealth University, RICHMOND, VA
| | | | - C M Yashar
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | | | - S Jolly
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - E C Fields
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Virginia Commonwealth University Health System, Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, VA
| | - W Y Song
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
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8
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Shrestha S, Gautam S. Outcome of Three Dimensional Printed Functional Prostheses for Children with Upper Limb Deficiency in Nepal. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ) 2023; 21:52-57. [PMID: 37800426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Children with congenital and traumatic upper limb amputation are undervalued in a low and middle-income country (LMIC) like Nepal. The use of a prosthetic hand can give them a feeling of self-reliance to perform their daily activities. However, prosthesis require periodic maintenance and replacement which could be a financial burden to some families. The e-Nable community has designed and developed three dimension printed prosthetic hands for children under 19 years old, and distributed them free of cost. Objective To explore the functionality of the three dimension printed prosthetic hands using semi-structured questionnaires and assess a series of daily tasks after three months prosthetic use. Method This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2019 to June 2020, after receiving an ethical clearance from the Nepal Health Research Council (Registration number: 582/2019). Seventy six children (5-18 years old) who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled in this study. Data were collected using semistructured questionnaires, and observational methods to identify the benefits and drawbacks of the three dimensional prosthetic hands. Mean, standard deviation, and percentage were used to interpret the data. Result All participants could only lift light objects such as tray, tennis ball or a bottle of water. They had difficulty with those task that required complex movement and with lifting heavy objects. Moreover, only 47(61.8%) participants were completely satisfied with the prosthetic hand and the major reasons for dissatisfaction were tear of the rubber band or cord, and broken parts. Conclusion Participant were able to complete certain tasks using the e-Nable community three dimensional printed prosthetic hands.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Shrestha
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, KIST Medical College and Teaching Hospital. Imadol, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - S Gautam
- M. Sc. Medical Microbiology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal
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Gautam S, Kumar M, Kumar U, Dada R. P-017 Impact of yoga intervention on immunosenescence, fertility potential and quality of life in men with Rheumatoid arthritis. Hum Reprod 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deac107.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Study question
Can a yoga intervention bring about alterations in immune aging, fertility potential and quality of life in men with Rheumatoid arthritis?
Summary answer
Yoga not only reduces disease severity, minimizes usage of drugs but also reduces the rate of immune aging and cellular aging.
What is known already
The complex mechanism of Rheumatoid arthritis with infertility in men involves interactions between endocrine, immune, and reproductive systems. Association of autoimmunity with dysregulated androgen (hypogonadism) levels may cause transient infertility in men. Furthermore, usage of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) like cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, sulphasalazine etc. may result into decreased quantity and quality of sperm, mitochondrial dysfunctions, reduced fertility potential and ultimately permanent infertility. These drugs can cross blood-testis-barrier and induce changes in sperm impairing spermatogenesis. Complementary and alternative medicine like yoga reduces seminal oxidative stress and its consequences like DNA fragmentation in sperm nuclear/mitochondrial genome.
Study design, size, duration
Fifty males with RA were enrolled in this 12-week prospective, open-label, single-arm exploratory study, designed to explore the impact of yoga intervention on immunosenescence, fertility potential and quality of life (QoL).
Participants/materials, setting, methods
The participants were evaluated for pre (day 0) and post (12th week) levels of inflammatory markers: IL-6, IL-17A, TGF-β and TNF-α. T cell sub-set populations along with their aged T cell profiles for immunosenescence as well as telomere length and telomerase activity for cellular aging were studied. Seminal reactive oxygen species (ROS), DNA fragmentation index (DFI) and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels were estimated as per WHO 2010 guidelines. QoL was measured by WHOQOL-BREF Scale.
Main results and the role of chance
There was significant reduction in mean levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-17A and elevation in TGF-β after 12 weeks. A significant reduction was seen in seminal ROS levels, 8-OHdG and DFI as well. There was a significant decline in aged T cell populations after yoga. There was no change seen in the telomere length but there was an improvement in the telomerase activity. The participants showed significant improvements in QoL after 12 weeks.
Limitations, reasons for caution
Compliance of patients for Yoga intervention was poor, hence we enrolled large number of patients to achieve the desirable sample size.
Wider implications of the findings
Adoption of yoga intervention holds the key to maintaining immune homeostasis, reduction of inflammation, reduction in the rate of cellular aging, improved overall QoL, and its associated consequences associated with physical, mental, and reproductive health.
Trial registration number
N/A
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gautam
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences , Anatomy, New Delhi, India
| | - M Kumar
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences , Anatomy, New Delhi, India
| | - U Kumar
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences , Rheumatology, New Delhi, India
| | - R Dada
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences , Anatomy, New Delhi, India
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Gautam S, Kumar A, Vashistha VK. Phyto-Assisted Synthesis and Characterization of Ta2O5 Nanoparticles and Their Theoretical and Electrochemical Studies. RUSS J INORG CHEM+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036023621130039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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11
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Ka C, Gautam S, Marshall SR, Tice LP, Martinez-Bartolome M, Fenner JL, Range RC. Receptor Tyrosine Kinases ror1/2 and ryk Are Co-expressed with Multiple Wnt Signaling Components During Early Development of Sea Urchin Embryos. Biol Bull 2021; 241:140-157. [PMID: 34706206 DOI: 10.1086/715237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
AbstractA combination of receptors, co-receptors, and secreted Wnt modulators form protein complexes at the cell surface that activate one or more of the three different Wnt signaling pathways (Wnt/β-catenin, Wnt/JNK, and Wnt/Ca2+). Two or more of these pathways are often active in the same cellular territories, forming Wnt signaling networks; however, the molecular mechanisms necessary to integrate information from these pathways in these situations are unclear in any in vivo model system. Recent studies have implicated two Wnt binding receptor tyrosine kinases, receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor (Ror) and related-to-receptor tyrosine kinase (Ryk), in the regulation of canonical and non-canonical Wnt signaling pathways, depending on the context; however, the spatiotemporal expression of these genes in relation to Wnt signaling components has not been well characterized in most deuterostome model systems. Here we use a combination of phylogenetic and spatiotemporal gene expression analyses to characterize Ror and Ryk orthologs in sea urchin embryos. Our phylogenetic analysis indicates that both ror1/2 and ryk originated as single genes from the metazoan ancestor. Expression analyses indicate that ror1/2 and ryk are expressed in the same domains of many Wnt ligands and Frizzled receptors essential for the specification and patterning of germ layers along the early anterior-posterior axis. In addition, both genes are co-expressed with Wnt signaling components in the gut, ventral ectoderm, and anterior neuroectoderm territories later in development. Together, our results indicate that Ror and Ryk have a complex evolutionary history and that their spatiotemporal expression suggests that they could contribute to the complexity of Wnt signaling in early sea urchin embryogenesis.
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Shrestha B, Gautam S, Shrestha J, Shrestha S. Psychosocial Problems among the Adolescent School Students of Dhulikhel Municipality. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ) 2021; 19:366-370. [PMID: 36254426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Background Adolescence is a period when an individual experiences a variety of biological, psychological and social changes. These multiple changes during the developmental period can make the adolescents vulnerable to mental health problems. Therefore early detection of psychosocial problems and addressing the need of the adolescents are crucial for promoting their mental health. Objective To assess psychosocial problems and its associated factors among school going adolescents of Dhulikhel, Nepal. Method A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted among 513 adolescents studying in grade 8 to 12 of randomly selected schools of Dhulikhel Municipality. Data were collected by using structured questionnaire and Pediatric Symptom Checklist-Youth Report (Y-PSC). Descriptive and inferential analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20. Result Out of 513 adolescent students, a total of 133(25.9%) of the adolescents were found to have psychosocial problems. There was significant association between psychosocial problems and respondents' variables like age, grade, parental education status, respondents' living status, perceived family disputes, perceived marital problems of parents, relationship problem with family, stress of failure in study, punishment faced in home and school, experienced sexual harassment and death of loved ones. Conclusion Various family related factors and stressful life events of adolescents are associated with the psychosocial problems. Hence early intervention focusing on awareness and modification of stressful life events is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Shrestha
- Department of Nursing, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
| | - S Gautam
- Department of Nursing, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
| | - J Shrestha
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Science, Kathmandu University, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
| | - S Shrestha
- Department of Nursing, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
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Prasad N, Yadav A, Ghosh A, Kumar V, Kundu M, Gautam S, Jha V, CKD Study Investigators I. POS-362 PRESCRIPTION PATTERN OF MEDICINE IN EARLY CKD STAGES IN ICKD COHORT STUDY. Kidney Int Rep 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2021.03.379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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14
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Gautam S, Neupane N, Dhital B, Neupane H, Bhatta S. Status of cattle and buffalo farming in Banepa, Panchkal, Panauti of Kavrepalanchock district, Nepal. Journal of Livestock Science 2021. [DOI: 10.33259/jlivestsci.2021.125-131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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15
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Bherwani H, Gautam S, Gupta A. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of impact of COVID-19 on sustainable development goals (SDGs) in Indian subcontinent with a focus on air quality. Int J Environ Sci Technol (Tehran) 2021; 18:1019-1028. [PMID: 33552191 PMCID: PMC7846907 DOI: 10.1007/s13762-020-03122-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is spreading all over the world in a short time. It originated from Wuhan City of China in the late 2019. Proper vaccines have still been in progress; the spread of the virus is contracted by lockdown and social distancing protocols. These lockdowns resulted in significant benefits, improving the quality of air and reducing the level of environmental pollution. In this context, the study proposes to identify the air quality in the region and its relation with COVID-19-affected people in metropolitan cities of India during COVID-19 lockdowns using a geographical information system (GIS), where over 90% of commercial and industrial sites and 100% school and colleges were closed. The study outcomes highlight the areas encountering high levels of pollution under the pre-lockdown scenario and have seen a higher number of cases. The relation is most evident for PM2.5, which is responsible for respiratory disorders and is the place of attack of SARS-CoV-2. This approach provides comparable outcomes with other decision-making tools. Our primary precedence should be to develop communities to enable people to remain healthy and stay. Healthy societies are crucial not only for people's health, but also for sustainable development. Centered on GIS is concealed; moreover, it is very flexible to use by policymakers.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Bherwani
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, Maharashtra 440020 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002 India
| | - S. Gautam
- Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641114 India
| | - A. Gupta
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, Maharashtra 440020 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002 India
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16
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Gyawali A, Gautam S, Hyeon SJ, Ryu H, Kang YS. L-Citrulline Level and Transporter Activity Are Altered in Experimental Models of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 58:647-657. [PMID: 33000451 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02143-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive motor neuron disease caused by the death of the neurons regulating the voluntary muscles which leads to the progressive paralysis. We investigated the difference of transport function of L-citrulline in ALS disease model (NSC-34/hSOD1G93A, MT) and a control model (NSC-34/hSOD1wt, WT). The [14C]L-citrulline uptake was significantly reduced in MT cells as compared with that of control. The Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) for MT cells was 0.67 ± 0.05 mM, whereas it was 1.48 ± 0.21 mM for control. On the other hand, the Vmax values for MT and control were 10.9 ± 0.8 nmol/mg protein/min and 18.3 ± 2.9 nmol/mg protein/min, respectively. The Km and Vmax values showed the high affinity and low capacity for MT as compared with control. Moreover, the uptake of [14C]L-citrulline was significantly inhibited by 2-aminobicyclo-(2,2,1)-heptane-2-carboxylic acid (BCH) and harmaline which is the inhibitor of the large neutral amino acid transporter1 (LAT1) in NSC-34 cell lines. Furthermore, [14C]L-citrulline uptakes took place in Na+-independent manner. It was also inhibited by the neutral amino acids such as citrulline and phenylalanine. Likewise, L-dopa, gabapentin, and riluzole significantly inhibited the [14C]L-citrulline uptake. It shows the competitive inhibition for L-dopa in ALS cell lines. On the other hand, [14C]L-citrulline uptake in the presence of riluzole showed competitive inhibition in WT cells, whereas it was uncompetitive for MT cells. The small interfering RNA experiments showed that LAT1 is involved in the [14C]L-citrulline uptake in NSC-34 cell lines. On the other hand, in the examination of the alteration in the expression level of LAT1, it was significantly lower in MT cells as compared with that of control. Similarly, in the spinal cord of ALS, transgenic mice revealed a slight but significant decrease in LAT1 immunoreactivity in motor neurons of ALS mice compared with control. However, the LAT1 immunoreactivity in non-motor neurons and in astrocytes was relatively increased in the spinal cord gray matter of ALS mice. The experimental evidences of our results suggest that the change of transport activity of [14C]L-citrulline may be partially responsible for the pathological alteration in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmita Gyawali
- College of Pharmacy and Drug Information Research Institute, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Shashi Gautam
- College of Pharmacy and Drug Information Research Institute, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Jae Hyeon
- Laboratory for Brain Gene Regulation and Epigenetics, Center for Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon Ryu
- Laboratory for Brain Gene Regulation and Epigenetics, Center for Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Center Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02183, USA
| | - Young-Sook Kang
- College of Pharmacy and Drug Information Research Institute, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Kumar P, Mahajan P, Kaur R, Gautam S. Nanotechnology and its challenges in the food sector: a review. Mater Today Chem 2020; 17:100332. [PMID: 32835156 PMCID: PMC7386856 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtchem.2020.100332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Antibacterial activity of nanoparticles has received significant attention worldwide because of their great physical and chemical stability, excellent magnetic properties, and large lattice constant values. These properties are predominate in the food science for enhancing the overall quality, shelf life, taste, flavor, process-ability, etc., of the food. Nanoparticles exhibit attractive antibacterial activity due to their increased specific surface area leading to enhanced surface reactivity. When nanoparticles are suspended in the biological culture, they encounter various biological interfaces, resulting from the presence of cellular moieties like DNA, proteins, lipids, polysaccharides, etc., which helps antibacterial properties in many ways. This paper reviews different methods used for the synthesis of nanoparticles but is specially focusing on the green synthesis methods owing to its non-toxic nature towards the environment. This review highlights their antibacterial application mainly in the food sector in the form of food-nanosensors, food-packaging, and food-additives. The possible mechanism of nanoparticles for their antibacterial behavior underlying the interaction of nano-particles with bacteria, (i) excessive ROS generation including hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), OH- (hydroxyl radicals), and O- 2 2 (peroxide); and (ii) precipitation of nano-particles on the bacterial exterior; which, disrupts the cellular activities, resulting in membranes disturbance. All these phenomena results in the inhibition of bacterial growth. Along with this, their current application and future perspectives in the food sector are also discussed. Nanoparticles help in destroying not only pathogens but also deadly fungi and viruses. Most importantly it is required to focus more on the crop processing and its containment to stop the post-harvesting loss. So, nanoparticles can act as a smart weapon towards the sustainable move.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kumar
- Advanced Functional Materials Lab., Dr. S.S. Bhatnagar University Institute of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India
| | - P Mahajan
- Advanced Functional Materials Lab., Dr. S.S. Bhatnagar University Institute of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India
| | - R Kaur
- Advanced Functional Materials Lab., Dr. S.S. Bhatnagar University Institute of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India
| | - S Gautam
- Advanced Functional Materials Lab., Dr. S.S. Bhatnagar University Institute of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India
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Gautam S, Kachroo S, DeClue R, Fisher M, Basu A. 2006P Real-world evidence on use of tumour mutation burden in a pan-tumour population. Ann Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.08.1312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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19
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Ramesh C, Tyagi P, Bera S, Gautam S, Subhedar KM, Senthil Kumar M, Kushvaha SS. Structural and Optical Properties of GaN Film on Copper and Graphene/Copper Metal Foils Grown by Laser Molecular Beam Epitaxy. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2020; 20:3929-3934. [PMID: 31748098 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2020.17536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We report the direct growth of crystalline GaN on bare copper (Cu) and monolayer-graphene/Cu metal foils using laser molecular beam epitaxy technique at growth temperature of 700 °C. The surface morphology investigated with field emission scanning electron microscopy revealed that the size of GaN grains for film grown on bare Cu falls in range of 90 to 160 nm whereas large grains with size of ˜200 to 600 nm was obtained for GaN grown on graphene/Cu foil under similar growth condition. The transverse optical mode of cubic GaN and E₂ (high) phonon mode for wurtzite GaN phases were obtained on the GaN film grown on Cu and graphene/Cu metal foils as deduced by Raman spectroscopy. The photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy studies showed that the near band edge emission peaks for GaN on Cu and graphene/Cu consist two major peaks at 3.26 and 3.4 eV, corresponding to cubic and wurtzite GaN, respectively. The Raman and PL studies disclosed that the mixed phase growth of GaN occurs on these foils and better structural and optical quality for GaN on graphene/Cu foil. The direct growth of GaN on two dimensional graphene on polycrystalline metal foils is beneficial various transferrable and flexible opto-electronics device applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ramesh
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Road, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - P Tyagi
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Road, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - S Bera
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Berhampur 760010, India
| | - S Gautam
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Road, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Kiran M Subhedar
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Road, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - M Senthil Kumar
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Road, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Sunil S Kushvaha
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Road, New Delhi 110012, India
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Futyma PR, Aksu T, Cooper JM, Schaller R, Winterfield J, Payne J, Omarov M, Vazquez O, Guler TE, Bozyel S, Zahwe F, Gautam S, Futyma M, Vijayaraman P, Kulakowski P. P1127Occurrence, management and outcomes of iatrogenic aortic dissections as a complication of catheter ablation. A multicenter study. Europace 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/euaa162.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Data on occurrence, management and outcomes of iatrogenic aortic dissections (IAD) as a complication of catheter ablation (CA) do not exist.
Purpose
To evaluate multicenter data on occurrence, management and outcomes of IAD as a complication of CA.
Methods
Data on occurrence, management and outcomes of documented vascular dissections from 10 centers were evaluated.
Results
IADs occurred in 7 patients (2 females, age 63 ± 8 years). Indications for CA were frequent premature ventricular complexes (PVC)/ventricular tachycardia (VT) in 6 patients (86%) and left-sided accessory pathway in the remaining one (14%). Hypertension was most frequent comorbidity (4 pts, 57%). All IADs occurred during retrograde advancement of ablation catheter. In the vast majority of patients creation of IAD during catheter advancement was not associated with any symptoms (6 pts, 86%). IAD was initially detected using trans-luminal angiogram in 5 (71%) and further confirmed using computed tomography (CT) (5 pts, 71%), conventional angiography (2 pts, 28%) and ultrasound (2 pts, 28%). One IAD was detected during CT scan performed for other indication after CA. There was one IAD-related death and IAD was evaluated post-mortem. Follow-up lasted 10 ± 19 months. Four patients were treated conservatively, one patient underwent descending aorta stenting and one femoral artery stenting.
Conclusions
IAD during CA is a rare but can be devastating. Early recognition can be difficult. Conservative management of IAD is an option of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- P R Futyma
- St. Joseph"s Heart Center, Invasive Cardiology Department, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - T Aksu
- Kocaeli Derince Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - J M Cooper
- Temple Heart & Vascular Institute, Cardiac Electrophysiology , Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - R Schaller
- University of Pennsylvania, Department of Cardiology, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - J Winterfield
- Medical University of South Carolina, Division of Cardiology, Charleston, United States of America
| | - J Payne
- Medical University of South Carolina, Division of Cardiology, Charleston, United States of America
| | - M Omarov
- FCCVS, Department of Cardiology, Perm, Russian Federation
| | - O Vazquez
- Lic Adolfo López Mateos Hospital, ISSSTE, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - T E Guler
- Kocaeli Derince Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - S Bozyel
- Kocaeli Derince Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - F Zahwe
- Michigan Heart Rhythm Center, Dearborn, United States of America
| | - S Gautam
- University of Missouri, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Columbia, United States of America
| | - M Futyma
- St. Joseph"s Heart Center, Invasive Cardiology Department, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - P Vijayaraman
- Geisinger Heart Institute, Wilkes Barre, United States of America
| | - P Kulakowski
- Grochowski Hospital, Postgraduate Medical School, Warsaw, Poland
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Rhodes W, Gautam S, Haiderali A, Huang M, Sieluk J, Skinner K, Schwartzberg L. 104P Cost and healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) for patients receiving neoadjuvant therapy for early-stage triple-negative breast cancer (ESTNBC). Ann Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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22
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Vidal G, Debusk K, Gautam S, Vlahiotis A, Fisher M, Pulgar S. 174P Occurrence of brain metastasis and treatment patterns among patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer. Ann Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.03.274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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23
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Bajpai D, Tukaram E J, Maurya M, Gogtay J N, Thatte M U, Bose D, Saxena N, Konwar M, Gautam S, Hase K N. SAT-325 ASSOCIATION OF CYP3A5 POLYMORPHISM WITH TACROLIMUS LEVELS AND GRAFT OUTCOMES IN INDIAN KIDNEY TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS. Kidney Int Rep 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2020.02.345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Patil H, Shah N, Hajare S, Gautam S, Kumar G. Combination of microwave and gamma irradiation for reduction of aflatoxin B1 and microbiological contamination in peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.). WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2019. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2018.2384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a natural carcinogen commonly present in food and feed which has deleterious effects on human and animal health. Combination treatment of microwave heating and gamma irradiation has been investigated. Artificially spiked peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) were used with a concentration of 300 μg/kg of AFB1 to evaluate the treatment efficacy. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of AFB1 was carried out by one dimensional thin layer chromatography and enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. Gamma irradiation (5, 7 and 9 kGy) alone reduced 20 to 43% of AFB1, while, only low power microwave heating (360, 480 and 600 W) reduced it by 59 to 67%. The synergistic effect of a combination treatment at 7 and 9 kGy of irradiation at any of the chosen microwave power levels and sequence of treatment was able to reduce >95% in artificially spiked peanuts. Knowing the limitation of ELISA, an Ames test was employed to determine the mutagenicity of AFB1 in combination-treated (7 kGy and 600 W) artificially spiked peanut samples, resulting in an 80-85% reduction of its mutagenicity. Quality parameters of peanuts in terms of moisture content, water activity, hardness, colour, peroxide value and free fatty acid were evaluated and observed to be retained after combination treatments. Post-treatment sensory analysis in respect of appearance, colour, texture, taste, aftertaste and overall acceptability gave satisfactory scores. The microbiological safety of treated peanuts (exclusive and combination of 7 kGy and 360-600 W) was assessed in terms of total bacterial count, aerobic spore count, and yeast and mould count. The microbiological load was completely eliminated after exclusive gamma irradiation or the combination treatments. Combination treatment (7 kGy and 600 W) demonstrated 71 to 87% reduction in AFB1 from naturally contaminated peanuts and is recommended for further commercial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Patil
- Centre for Technology Alternatives for Rural Areas, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai 400 076, India
| | - N.G. Shah
- Centre for Technology Alternatives for Rural Areas, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai 400 076, India
| | - S.N. Hajare
- Food Technology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085, India
| | - S. Gautam
- Food Technology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085, India
| | - G. Kumar
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai 400 076, India
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Kadam S, Gautam S, Dwivedi A, Jain V. Treatment of gingival recession defect using human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells cultured on PCL based bone regenerating scaffold: a randomized controlled clinical study. Cytotherapy 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2019.03.413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Gautam S, Chauhan A, Sharma R, Sehgal R, Shirkot CK. Potential of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens for biocontrol of bacterial canker of tomato incited by Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. michiganensis. Microb Pathog 2019; 130:196-203. [PMID: 30878620 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A total of 150 rhizobacteria and endorhizobacteria previously isolated from three different horticultural crops; strawberry, apple and apricot were screened for antagonistic activitiy against Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. michiganensis. Among them strain S1, exhibiting significantly higher antagonistic and plant growth promoting ability was characterized as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens based on morphological, biochemical and partial gene sequence analysis of 16S rRNA. B. amyloliquefaciens strain S1 showed maximum growth inhibition of C. michiganensis (12 mm). Moreover, B. amyloliquefaciens strain S1 exhibit significant phosphorus solubilization (94.16 %SEl) and indole acetic acid (27 μg ml-1) production under in vitro conditions. Antagonistic activity of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain S1 was compared with other four strains KU2S1, R2S(1), RG1(3) and AG1(7) against bacterial canker of tomato under net house conditions. Minimum bacterial canker disease incidence (30.0%) was recorded in B. amyloliquefaciens S1 followed by RG1(3) after 30 days of inoculation. The bio-control efficacy was higher in B. amyloliquefaciens S1 treated plants, followed by RG1(3).
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gautam
- Department of Basic Sciences, Dr YS P University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, 173 230, HP, India.
| | - A Chauhan
- Department of Soil Science and Water Management , Dr YS P University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, 173 230, HP, India
| | - R Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, DAV University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144012, India
| | - R Sehgal
- Department of Basic Sciences, Dr YS P University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, 173 230, HP, India
| | - C K Shirkot
- Department of Basic Sciences, Dr YS P University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, 173 230, HP, India
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Dhiman I, Shrestha U, Bhowmik D, Cole D, Gautam S. Influence of molecular shape on self-diffusion under severe confinement: A molecular dynamics study. Chem Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2018.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Kumar N, Rani S, Kuamr G, Kumari S, Singh IS, Gautam S, Choudhary BK. Physiological and biochemical responses of Makhana (Euryale ferox) to gamma irradiation. J Biol Phys 2018; 45:1-12. [PMID: 30361812 DOI: 10.1007/s10867-018-9511-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of gamma irradiation on growth and physiology of Euryale ferox was described in the present investigation. E. ferox is an underutilized aquatic food crop that grows in shallow-water bodies in lower Assam regions and north Bihar of India. The seeds of E. ferox were irradiated with different doses of gamma irradiation ranging from 0 to 500 Gy. It was observed that the germination and survival percentage was inhibited by increasing the irradiation dose. However, plants developed from seed exposed to an irradiation dose beyond 100 Gy did not survive more than 1 month. Further growth parameters (leaf size and number, number of thorns, root number and length, and number of flower and seeds) were also compared with respect to non-irradiated plants. Physiological parameters, viz. chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, and intracellular CO2 content was higher in the irradiation population of E. ferox. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activities were observed low in irradiated population of E. ferox. The proline and glycine betaine content was enhanced with increasing the irradiation dose. The present investigation explores the potential use of gamma rays in genetic improvement of E. ferox and improves understanding of the physiological responses inflicted by gamma irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitish Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Earth, Biological and Environmental Sciences, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, Bihar, 824236, India.
| | - Shweta Rani
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Earth, Biological and Environmental Sciences, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, Bihar, 824236, India
| | - Gaurav Kuamr
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Earth, Biological and Environmental Sciences, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, Bihar, 824236, India
| | - Swati Kumari
- Department of Life Science, School of Earth, Biological and Environmental Sciences, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, Bihar, 824236, India
| | | | - S Gautam
- Food Technology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400085, India
| | - Binod Kumar Choudhary
- ICAR-National Institute of Biotic Stress Management, Baronda Farm, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, 493225, India
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Koerber SM, Loethen T, Turagam M, Payne J, Weachter R, Flaker G, Gold MR, Gautam S. Noninvasive tissue adhesive for cardiac implantable electronic device pocket closure: the TAPE pilot study. J Interv Card Electrophysiol 2018; 54:171-176. [PMID: 30324225 DOI: 10.1007/s10840-018-0457-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Device infection is a serious complication of cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIED). Ensuring complete pocket closure can be time consuming, but remains vital to prevent infection. The Zip® Surgical Skin Closure (ZIP) is a noninvasive adhesive device applied to the skin as an alternative to subcuticular sutures for skin closure. We hypothesized that using this device would decrease pocket closure times without increasing the risk of pocket infections. This is a single center, retrospective cohort study to compare pocket closure times and infection rates between ZIP and standard suture for CIED pocket closure. METHODS Two separate groups of consecutive new intravenous implants, upgrades, and pulse generator replacements from October 2015 to April 2017 were included. A total of 175 patients were included, using either ZIP (n = 80) or suture (n = 95). Total procedure time (local anesthetic to dressing application) and pocket closure time (fascial suture to dressing application) were compared. Pocket infections were defined as infections leading to CIED extraction or wound dehiscence requiring repeat procedure. Statistical analysis was performed using chi square test and Student's t test. RESULTS Pocket closure time and procedure time were significantly shorter for the ZIP group (14.9 ± 6.8 vs 20.1 ± 11.09 min, p = 0.0003) and (65.02 ± 30.4 vs 83.83 ± 40.3 min, p = 0.0008), respectively. No pocket infections occurred in the Zip group, while the suture group had 2:1 wound dehiscence and 1 pocket infection. CONCLUSION The ZIP device resulted in significantly shorter pocket closure and procedure times without increasing device pocket infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Koerber
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of South Carolina, 114 Doughty Street - MSC 592, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.
| | - T Loethen
- University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - M Turagam
- Ichan School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - J Payne
- University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - R Weachter
- University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - G Flaker
- University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - M R Gold
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of South Carolina, 114 Doughty Street - MSC 592, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - S Gautam
- University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
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Gautam S, Kumar U, Chandna S, Dada R. Effect of yoga and meditation based lifestyle intervention on acute phase response in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J ANAT SOC INDIA 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jasi.2018.06.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Senthilkumar D, Rajukumar K, Sen A, Kumar M, Shrivastava D, Kalaiyarasu S, Gautam S, Singh F, Kulkarni DD, Singh VP. Pathogenic characterization of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus of Indian origin in experimentally infected piglets. Transbound Emerg Dis 2018; 65:1522-1536. [PMID: 29790662 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is an economically important transboundary viral disease of pigs confronting the swine industry worldwide. This study was aimed to assess the pathogenic potential of PRRS virus belonging to genotype 2 that emerged in India in 2013. Nine 6-week-old piglets were inoculated intranasally with 2 × 105.75 TCID50 /ml of PRRSV (Ind-297221/2013). Three piglets were kept as uninfected controls. Blood and nasal swabs were collected daily up to 7 days post-infection (dpi) and on alternate days subsequently. Piglets were necropsied for tissue sample collection either on death or after euthanasia on 7, 14 or 21 dpi (one uninfected control and three PRRSV-infected piglets per interval). The virus caused high fever, typical blue ear, weight loss, respiratory distress, diarrhoea and leucopenia between 2 and 8 dpi. Two infected piglets died (on 3 and 17 dpi) during the course of study. The presence of virus in serum and nasal secretion was observed up to 19 and 17 dpi, respectively, with the maximum load between 4 and 7 dpi. Seroconversion started 6 dpi and the mean PRRSV antibody titre reached up to 640 by 21 dpi. Virus load was highest in tonsils at all the intervals, whereas in spleen and lymph nodes load was higher in later intervals. Major microscopic lesions in PRRSV-infected piglets included moderate to severe interstitial pneumonia, lymphoid depletion in tonsils and lymph nodes (cystic), thymic atrophy, reactive hyperplasia followed by lymphoid depletion in spleen. PRRSV antigen was consistently demonstrated by immunoperoxidase test in the lungs, spleen, tonsils and lymph nodes. Antigen distribution was more widespread on 7 and 14 dpi than on 21 dpi. The findings establish that the Indian PRRSV is highly pathogenic to piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Senthilkumar
- ICAR-National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - K Rajukumar
- ICAR-National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - A Sen
- ICAR Research Complex for North East Hill Region, Barapani, Meghalaya, India
| | - M Kumar
- ICAR-National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - D Shrivastava
- ICAR-National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - S Kalaiyarasu
- ICAR-National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - S Gautam
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - F Singh
- ICAR-National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - D D Kulkarni
- ICAR-National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - V P Singh
- ICAR-National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Knupp R, Smotherman C, Gautam S, Good M, Evans C, Singh R. 46: Risks factors predicting postoperative urinary tract infection following reconstructive surgery for pelvic organ prolapse. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2017.12.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Barua-Nath U, Duran-Gehring P, Wallace-Fair C, Bowman J, Aldridge P, Gautam S, Kalynych C, Shannon A. 368 Sonographic Measurements of the Inferior Vena Cava and Aorta Diameters in Healthy, Normovolemic Children Aged Four Months to Eight Years of Age Presenting to the Pediatric Emergency Department. Ann Emerg Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2017.07.338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Konemann CE, Hubhachen Z, Opit GP, Gautam S, Bajracharya NS. Phosphine Resistance in Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Laemophloeidae) Collected From Grain Storage Facilities in Oklahoma, USA. J Econ Entomol 2017; 110:1377-1383. [PMID: 28383719 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tox101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Phosphine gas (PH3) is one of the most commonly used fumigants for controlling stored-grain pests worldwide. We estimated the discriminating dose for Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens) (Coleoptera: Laemophloeidae) adult insects using a laboratory susceptible strain. This discriminating dose was then used to determine presence or absence of PH3 resistance (resistance frequencies) in 19 field-collected populations of C. ferrugineus from Oklahoma, United States. The discriminating dose was estimated as 56.2 ppm of PH3 over a 20-h exposure period at 25 °C. Discriminating dose bioassay results showed that PH3 resistance was present in all 19 populations of C. ferrugineus tested. However, five populations-Stillwater (Stil), Enid Terminal 1 (ET-1), Enid Terminal 2 (ET-2), Johnson-Enid population (JE), and DK Farm 20 population (DK Farm 20) had ≥90% resistance frequencies. LC99 values estimated by probit analyses of dose-response mortality data for the laboratory susceptible strain (Lab-S), JE, and DK Farm 20 were 7.3, 636.4, and 968.6 ppm, respectively, over a 3-d exposure period. The level of resistance in DK Farm 20, the most resistant population, was 133.5 times that of the susceptible laboratory strain. This study shows that PH3 resistance in C. ferrugineus may be widespread in Oklahoma. Based on this study, there is a need for a wider PH3 resistance survey in grain-growing regions of Oklahoma and United States. Furthermore, results show there is a need to develop PH3 resistance management strategies for C. ferrugineus and other stored-product insect pest species to combat resistance and ensure continued effective future use of PH3.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Konemann
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, 127 Noble Research Center, Stillwater, OK 74078 (; ; ; ; )
| | - Z Hubhachen
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, 127 Noble Research Center, Stillwater, OK 74078 (; ; ; ; )
| | - G P Opit
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, 127 Noble Research Center, Stillwater, OK 74078 ( ; ; ; ; )
- Corresponding author, e-mail:
| | - S Gautam
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, 127 Noble Research Center, Stillwater, OK 74078 ( ; ; ; ; )
- Current Address: Kearney Agricultural Research and Extension Center, 9240 S Riverbend Avenue, Parlier, CA 93648
| | - N S Bajracharya
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, 127 Noble Research Center, Stillwater, OK 74078 (; ; ; ; )
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Gautam S, Ruchal S, Timalsina B, Acharya D, Khadka B, Gautam V, Singh JK. Effect of Maternal Socio-demographic Factors and Child Feeding Practice on Wasting Among Under Five Years Children in Slum Area of Rupandehi District in Nepal. JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc 2017; 56:256-261. [PMID: 28746325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Childhood wasting although well studied elsewhere, it has not been well understood about in slum area of Nepal. This study aimed to assess effect of socio-demographic factors and child feeding practice in the determination of wasting among the children under five years of age in slum area of Nepal. METHODS A community based cross-sectional study was performed among 150 children under five years of age from the slum area of Nepal between 1st January and 28th February 2013 using simple random sampling techniques. Multivariate analyses were performed to determine factors associated with wasting controlling the potential confounders. RESULTS In a total of 150 under five years children, the prevalence of wasting was 56 (37.33%). The current study demonstrated that children of mothers from dalit Adjusted Odds Ratio (OR) 11.5; 95% CI: 03.1 - 41.3), aadibasi/janajati (AOR 4.6; 95% CI: 1.2 - 17.0), illiterate mothers (AOR 3.6; 95% CI: 1.1 - 13.6), laborer mothers (AOR 2.1; 95% CI: 1.1-9.4), child age group 25-36 months (AOR 2.8; 95% CI: 1.5-5.3), multiple child birth order (AOR 10.0; 95% CI: 2.5-25.0), children who were not fed colostrums (AOR 15.0; 95% CI: 1.25-10.0) were more likely to develop wasting compared to their counterparts. CONCLUSIONS As incremental childhood wasting is associated with maternal socio-demographic factors and child feeding practice, health promotion strategies should focus maternal socio-demographic factors, age of children and early initiation of breast feeding for the improved child nutrition in slum area of Nepal.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gautam
- Department of Public Health, Purbanchal University, Sanjeevani College of Medical Sciences, Butwal, Rupandehi, Nepal
| | - S Ruchal
- Department of Public Health, Purbanchal University, Sanjeevani College of Medical Sciences, Butwal, Rupandehi, Nepal
| | - B Timalsina
- Department of Anatomy, Kathmandu University, Devdaha Medical College and Research Institute, Rupandehi, Nepal
| | - D Acharya
- Department of Community Medicine, Devdaha Medical College and Research Institute, Rupandehi, Nepal
| | - B Khadka
- Department of Biochemistry, Devdaha Medical College and Research Institute, Rupandehi, Nepal
| | - V Gautam
- Department of Physiology, Devdaha Medical College and Research Institute, Rupandehi, Nepal
| | - J K Singh
- Department of Community Medicine and Public Health, Janaki Medical College, Tribhuvan University, Janakpur, Nepal
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Jubin T, Kadam A, Jariwala M, Bhatt S, Sutariya S, Gani AR, Gautam S, Begum R. The PARP family: insights into functional aspects of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 in cell growth and survival. Cell Prolif 2016; 49:421-37. [PMID: 27329285 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PARP family members can be found spread across all domains and continue to be essential molecules from lower to higher eukaryotes. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1), newly termed ADP-ribosyltransferase D-type 1 (ARTD1), is a ubiquitously expressed ADP-ribosyltransferase (ART) enzyme involved in key cellular processes such as DNA repair and cell death. This review assesses current developments in PARP-1 biology and activation signals for PARP-1, other than conventional DNA damage activation. Moreover, many essential functions of PARP-1 still remain elusive. PARP-1 is found to be involved in a myriad of cellular events via conservation of genomic integrity, chromatin dynamics and transcriptional regulation. This article briefly focuses on its other equally important overlooked functions during growth, metabolic regulation, spermatogenesis, embryogenesis, epigenetics and differentiation. Understanding the role of PARP-1, its multidimensional regulatory mechanisms in the cell and its dysregulation resulting in diseased states, will help in harnessing its true therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Jubin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - A Kadam
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - M Jariwala
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - S Bhatt
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - S Sutariya
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - A R Gani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - S Gautam
- Food Technology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - R Begum
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
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Gautam S, Sharma S, Prakash O, Karki P, Grover A. PM003 Prevalence of Childhood Obesity in Schoolchildren in Eastern Nepal. Glob Heart 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gheart.2016.03.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Acharya D, Paudel R, Gautam K, Gautam S, Upadhyaya T. Knowledge of Maternal and Newborn Care Among Primary Level Health Workers in Kapilvastu District of Nepal. Ann Med Health Sci Res 2016; 6:27-32. [PMID: 27144073 PMCID: PMC4849112 DOI: 10.4103/2141-9248.180266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Higher maternal and neonatal deaths are common in low- and middle-income countries; due to less access to skilled help. Adequate knowledge and skills on maternal and newborn care (MNC) of community health workers can improve maternal and newborn health. AIMS To identify the knowledge of primary level health workers on some components of MNC. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Respondents were selected using simple random sampling method. For collecting the data, enumerators visited health institutions for 2 months from 1(st) October to 31(st) November 2012, and structured interview schedule was used to gather the information. A cross-sectional study was conducted in a total of one hundred and thirty-seven primary level health workers in Kapilvastu district, Nepal. The Chi-square test was employed to examine the association between the knowledge of health workers on MNC and designation and work experience. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 17. RESULTS In a total of 137 primary level health workers, more than half 53.2% (73/137) were senior auxiliary health workers/health assistant. Health workers having correct knowledge on contents of MNC were-registration 32.1% (44/137), major components of antenatal care 57.7% (79/137), danger signs of pregnancy 39.4% (54/137), five cleans 59.1% (81/137), postnatal health problems 54.0% (74/137), majority to health action to newborn care, newborn bath and meaning of exclusive breastfeeding. There was a statistical association between designation of health workers and above-mentioned components of MNC (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The differentials in the knowledge of MNC among primary level health suggest improving knowledge of the grass root level health workers with appropriate training and development programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Acharya
- Department of Public Health, Sanjeevani College of Medical Sciences, Purbanchal University, Butwal, Rupandehi, Nepal
| | - R Paudel
- Department of Community Medicine and Public Health, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - K Gautam
- Department of Public Health, Sanjeevani College of Medical Sciences, Purbanchal University, Butwal, Rupandehi, Nepal
| | - S Gautam
- Department of Public Health, Sanjeevani College of Medical Sciences, Purbanchal University, Butwal, Rupandehi, Nepal
| | - T Upadhyaya
- Ministry of Finance, Department of Inland Revenue, Taxpair Service Office, Maharajgunj, Kathmandu, Nepal
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Collier MA, Peine KJ, Gautam S, Oghumu S, Varikuti S, Borteh H, Papenfuss TL, Sataoskar AR, Bachelder EM, Ainslie KM. Host-mediated Leishmania donovani treatment using AR-12 encapsulated in acetalated dextran microparticles. Int J Pharm 2016; 499:186-194. [PMID: 26768723 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a disease caused by parasites of Leishmania sp., which effects nearly 12 million people worldwide and is associated with treatment complications due to widespread parasite resistance toward pathogen-directed therapeutics. The current treatments for visceral leishmaniasis (VL), the systemic form of the disease, involve pathogen-mediated drugs and have long treatment regimens, increasing the risk of forming resistant strains. One way to limit emergence of resistant pathogens is through the use of host-mediated therapeutics. The host-mediated therapeutic AR-12, which is FDA IND-approved for cancer treatment, has shown activity against a broad spectrum of intracellular pathogens; however, due to hydrophobicity and toxicity, it is difficult to reach therapeutic doses. We have formulated AR-12 into microparticles (AR-12/MPs) using the novel biodegradable polymer acetalated dextran (Ace-DEX) and used this formulation for the systemic treatment of VL. Treatment with AR-12/MPs significantly reduced liver, spleen, and bone marrow parasite loads in infected mice, while combinatorial therapies with amphotericin B had an even more significant effect. Overall, AR-12/MPs offer a unique, host-mediated therapy that could significantly reduce the emergence of drug resistance in the treatment of VL.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Collier
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - K J Peine
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - S Gautam
- Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - S Oghumu
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State's Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - S Varikuti
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State's Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - H Borteh
- Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - T L Papenfuss
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State's Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - A R Sataoskar
- College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - E M Bachelder
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - K M Ainslie
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States.
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Prakash J, Kumar V, Kroon RE, Asokan K, Rigato V, Chae KH, Gautam S, Swart HC. Optical and surface enhanced Raman scattering properties of Au nanoparticles embedded in and located on a carbonaceous matrix. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:2468-80. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp06134b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Au nanoparticles (NPs) on the surface and embedded in a matrix have been the subject of studies dealing with a variety of spectroscopic and sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jai Prakash
- Department of Physics
- University of the Free State
- Bloemfontein
- South Africa
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Physics
- University of the Free State
- Bloemfontein
- South Africa
| | - R. E. Kroon
- Department of Physics
- University of the Free State
- Bloemfontein
- South Africa
| | - K. Asokan
- Inter University Accelerator Centre
- Aruna Asif Ali Marg
- New Delhi 110067
- India
| | - V. Rigato
- INFN LaboratoriNazionali di Legnaro
- 35020 Legnaro
- Italy
| | - K. H. Chae
- Advanced Analysis Center
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology
- Seoul 136-791
- Republic of Korea
| | - S. Gautam
- Advanced Analysis Center
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology
- Seoul 136-791
- Republic of Korea
- Dr. S.S. Bhatnagar University Institute of Chemical Engineering and Technology
| | - H. C. Swart
- Department of Physics
- University of the Free State
- Bloemfontein
- South Africa
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Singh V, Singh V, Tewari D, Gautam S, Dwivedi D. Growth Performance, Hemato-biochemical Profile and Carcass Characteristics of Broiler Chickens Fed a Diet Supplemented with a Natural Blend of Herbs. ANIM NUTR FEED TECHN 2016. [DOI: 10.5958/0974-181x.2016.00030.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Dhakal S, Acharya T, Gautam S, Upadhyay N, Dhakal S. Diagnosis and Management Pattern of Lateral Epicondylitis in a Tertiary Care Center. JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc 2015; 53:231-234. [PMID: 27746461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lateral Epicondylitis has been found to be the second most frequently diagnosed musculoskeletal disorder. A wide range of symptomatic treatments are available such as use of anti-inflammatory analgesic drugs, steroids, physiotherapy. This study aims to know about the diagnosis, prescription pattern and current practice on management of tennis elbow in Nepal. METHODS This is a hospital based observational study carried out at Bir Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal. Patients diagnosed with tennis elbow were purposively selected through prospective sampling technique from Orthopedic Department. Questionnaire and patient medication files were used as tools for data collection. RESULTS A total of 97 patients were found to be suffering from tennis elbow affecting mostly 41-50 years of age group and seen mostly in female (62%). Further, it was found that housewives (31%) were mostly affected. Diagnosis of tennis elbow was done commonly by clinical evaluation (61%) and X-ray (39%). Both Pharmacological and Non-Pharmacological approaches were in practice. Pharmacological treatment include NSAIDS (59% Aceclofenac, 19% Naproxen, 18% Indomethacin, 16% Diclofenac, 6% Piroxicam) and Steroids (23% methylprednisolone acetate and 21% oral prednisolone). Non-Pharmacological treatment was done by lifestyle modification (100%), 78% application of heat, 63% use of tennis elbow band, 29% exercise and 28% physiotherapy. Surgical intervention (3%) was also done when the conservative management failed. CONCLUSION There is professional risk of tennis elbow for housewives, farmers and shopkeepers in context of Nepal. Only one treatment approach is not effective in management of tennis elbow for long term effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Dhakal
- Department of Pharmacy, National Model College for Advanced Learning, Tribhuvan University, Nayabazar, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - T Acharya
- Department of Pharmacy, National Model College for Advanced Learning, Tribhuvan University, Nayabazar, Kathmandu, Nepal, Nepal Health Research Council (NHRC), Ramshah Path, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - S Gautam
- Department of Pharmacy, National Model College for Advanced Learning, Tribhuvan University, Nayabazar, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - N Upadhyay
- Department of Pharmacy, National Model College for Advanced Learning, Tribhuvan University, Nayabazar, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - S Dhakal
- Manmohan Cardiothoracic, Vascular and Transplant Center, TUTH, IOM, Maharajgung, Kathmandu, Nepal
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Schully KL, Bell MG, Prouty AM, Gallovic MD, Gautam S, Peine KJ, Sharma S, Bachelder EM, Pesce JT, Elberson MA, Ainslie KM, Keane-Myers A. Evaluation of a biodegradable microparticulate polymer as a carrier for Burkholderia pseudomallei subunit vaccines in a mouse model of melioidosis. Int J Pharm 2015; 495:849-61. [PMID: 26428631 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.09.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Melioidosis, a potentially lethal disease of humans and animals, is caused by the soil-dwelling bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei. Due to B. pseudomallei's classification as a Tier 1 Select Agent, there is substantial interest in the development of an effective vaccine. Yet, despite decades of research, no effective target, adjuvant or delivery vehicle capable of inducing protective immunity against B. pseudomallei infection has been identified. We propose a microparticulate delivery vehicle comprised of the novel polymer acetalated dextran (Ac-DEX). Ac-DEX is an acid-sensitive biodegradable carrier that can be fabricated into microparticles (MPs) that are relatively stable at pH 7.4, but rapidly degrade after phagocytosis by antigen presenting cells where the pH can drop to 5.0. As compared to other biomaterials, this acid sensitivity has been shown to enhance cross presentation of subunit antigens. To evaluate this platform as a delivery system for a melioidosis vaccine, BALB/c mice were vaccinated with Ac-DEX MPs separately encapsulating B. pseudomallei whole cell lysate and the toll-like receptor (TLR) 7/8 agonist resiquimod. This vaccine elicited a robust antibody response that included both Th1 and Th2 immunity. Following lethal intraperitoneal challenge with B. pseudomallei 1026b, vaccinated mice demonstrated a significant delay to time of death compared to untreated mice. The formulation, however, demonstrated incomplete protection indicating that lysate protein offers limited value as an antigen. Nevertheless, our Ac-DEX MPs may offer an effective delivery vehicle for a subunit B. psuedomallei vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Schully
- Vaccines and Medical Countermeasures, Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center-Frederick, Ft Detrick, MD 21702, USA
| | - M G Bell
- Vaccines and Medical Countermeasures, Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center-Frederick, Ft Detrick, MD 21702, USA
| | - A M Prouty
- Vaccines and Medical Countermeasures, Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center-Frederick, Ft Detrick, MD 21702, USA
| | - M D Gallovic
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, College of Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - S Gautam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - K J Peine
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - S Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - E M Bachelder
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - J T Pesce
- Vaccines and Medical Countermeasures, Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center-Frederick, Ft Detrick, MD 21702, USA
| | - M A Elberson
- Vaccines and Medical Countermeasures, Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center-Frederick, Ft Detrick, MD 21702, USA
| | - K M Ainslie
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - A Keane-Myers
- Vaccines and Medical Countermeasures, Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center-Frederick, Ft Detrick, MD 21702, USA
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Laudari S, Dhungel S, Gautam S, Dubey L, Prasad G, Bhattacharya R, Subramanyam G. Densely calcified tuberculous constrictive pericarditis with concurrent active pulmonary tuberculosis infection. J Coll Med Sci-Nepal 2015. [DOI: 10.3126/jcmsn.v10i2.12955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Though pulmonary tuberculosis is a common chronic infection in the developing countries like Nepal, the incidence of tubercular constrictive pericarditis is very low. Here we report a patient of active pulmonary tuberculosis with sputum positive for acid fast bacilli along with densely calcified constrictive pericarditis which has been reported as a very rare presentation in the literature.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v10i2.12955 Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal, 2014, Vol.10(2); 41-43
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Wong ET, Lok E, Gautam S, Swanson KD. Dexamethasone exerts profound immunologic interference on treatment efficacy for recurrent glioblastoma. Br J Cancer 2015; 113:232-41. [PMID: 26125449 PMCID: PMC4506397 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 05/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Patients with recurrent glioblastoma have a poor outcome. Data from the phase III registration trial comparing tumour-treating alternating electric fields (TTFields) vs chemotherapy provided a unique opportunity to study dexamethasone effects on patient outcome unencumbered by the confounding immune and myeloablative side effects of chemotherapy. Methods: Using an unsupervised binary partitioning algorithm, we segregated both cohorts of the trial based on the dexamethasone dose that yielded the greatest statistical difference in overall survival (OS). The results were validated in a separate cohort treated in a single institution with TTFields and their T lymphocytes were correlated with OS. Results: Patients who used dexamethasone doses >4.1 mg per day had a significant reduction in OS when compared with those who used ⩽4.1 mg per day, 4.8 vs 11.0 months respectively (χ2=34.6, P<0.0001) in the TTField-treated cohort and 6.0 vs 8.9 months respectively (χ2=10.0, P<0.0015) in the chemotherapy-treated cohort. In a single institution validation cohort treated with TTFields, the median OS of patients who used dexamethasone >4.1 mg per day was 3.2 months compared with those who used ⩽4.1 mg per day was 8.7 months (χ2=11.1, P=0.0009). There was a significant correlation between OS and T-lymphocyte counts. Conclusions: Dexamethasone exerted profound effects on both TTFields and chemotherapy efficacy resulting in lower patient OS. Therefore, global immunosuppression by dexamethasone likely interferes with immune functions that are necessary for the treatment of glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- E T Wong
- Brain Tumor Center and Neuro-Oncology Unit, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - E Lok
- Brain Tumor Center and Neuro-Oncology Unit, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - S Gautam
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - K D Swanson
- Brain Tumor Center and Neuro-Oncology Unit, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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Kumar A, Gautam S, Rawat JK, Singh M, Saraf SA, Kaithwas G. Effect of palonosetron (5HT-3 antagonist) and pantoprazole (proton pump inhibitor) against surgical esophagitis induced by forestomach and pylorus ligation in albino rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 2015; 35:41-50. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327115575759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This study was embarked upon to evaluate the effects of pantoprazole and palonosetron on experimental esophagitis in albino wistar rats. Groups of rats, fasted for 36 h, were subjected to pylorus and forestomach ligation, supervened by treatment with normal saline (3 ml/kg, po, sham control), esophagitis control (3 ml/kg, po), pantoprazole (30 mg/kg, po), palonosetron (0.5 mg/kg, po), and their combination. Animals were sacrificed after 12 h and appraised for the volume of gastric juices, total acidity, free acidity, and esophagitis index. Esophageal tissues were further figured out biochemically for markers of oxidative stress and inflammatory mediators. The combination therapy comparably inhibited the esophagitis index (52.86%), gastric volume (66.04%), free acidity (43.76%), and total acidity (42.60%) in comparison with toxic control. The combination therapy also subsidized the biochemical and inflammatory markers to the purview less than toxic control. The morphological changes were scrutinized by scanning electron microscopy and were observed to demonstrate momentous protection by the amalgamation therapy. Combination therapy with pantoprazole and palonosetron flaunted sententious protection against experimental esophagitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - S Gautam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - JK Rawat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - M Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - SA Saraf
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - G Kaithwas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Kumar R, Singh OP, Gautam S, Nylen S, Sundar S. Enhanced expression of Toll-like receptors 2 and 4, but not 9, in spleen tissue from patients with visceral leishmaniasis. Parasite Immunol 2015; 36:721-5. [PMID: 25244363 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor (TLR) signalling is involved in first-line defence against Leishmania parasites by triggering NF-κB activation and downstream production of proinflammatory cytokines. Experimental models of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) support a protective role for TLRs 2, 4 and 9 in host immune responses to Leishmania infection. There are limited data available on expression of these TLRs in human VL, particularly in sites of infection, such as the spleen. This study aimed to determine whether the expression of mRNA encoding the expression of TLRs 2, 4 and 9 was altered in VL and compare expression patterns in splenic biopsies and peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kumar
- Department of Medicine, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India; Immunology and Infection Lab, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
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Dwivedi V, Singh V, Tewari D, Gautam S, Singh S. Effect of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) on Performance, Hemato-biochemical Parameters and Economics of Broiler Production. ANIM NUTR FEED TECHN 2015. [DOI: 10.5958/0974-181x.2015.00023.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Wong ET, Lok E, Gautam S, Swanson KD. AT-61 * DEXAMETHASONE EXERTS PROFOUND INTERFERENCE ON TREATMENT EFFICACY FOR RECURRENT GLIOBLASTOMA. Neuro Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou237.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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