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Mattke S, Jun H, Hanson M, Chu S, Kordower JH, Reiman EM. Health Economic Considerations in the Deployment of an Alzheimer's Prevention Therapy. J Prev Alzheimers Dis 2024; 11:303-309. [PMID: 38374736 DOI: 10.14283/jpad.2024.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION As treatments for secondary prevention of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are being studied, concerns about their value for money have appeared. We estimate cost-effectiveness of a hypothetical screening and prevention program. METHODS We use a Markov model to project cost-effectiveness of a treatment that reduces progression to symptomatic AD by 50% with either chronic treatment until progression to mild cognitive impairment or treatment for one year followed by monitoring with AD blood tests and retreatment with one dose in case of amyloid re-accumulation. Diagnoses would be made with an AD blood test with sensitivity and specificity of 80%, and inconclusive results in 20%. Individuals testing negative would be re-tested in five years and those with inconclusive results in one. RESULTS The program would generate per-person value of $53,721 from a payer (reduction of direct cost and patient QALY gains) and $69,861 from a societal perspective (adding valuation of reduced caregiver burden). With chronic treatment, it would be cost-effective up to annual drug prices of $7,000 and $10,300, respectively. Time-limited treatment would be cost-effective at annual drug prices of $54,257 and $78,458 from a payer and societal perspective, respectively. Higher specificity of the blood test would decrease cost per person with similar value generation DISCUSSION: A hypothetical prevention treatment for AD could be economically viable from a payer and societal perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mattke
- Soeren Mattke, M.D., D.Sc., Director, Center for Improving Chronic Illness Care, Research Professor of Economics, USC Dornsife, 635 Downey Way, #505N, Los Angeles, CA 90089, Mobile: +1 202 468 5797,
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Wang X, Chen M, Chu S, Fan R, Chan ISF. A rank-based approach to improve the efficiency of inferential seamless phase 2/3 clinical trials with dose optimization. Contemp Clin Trials 2023; 132:107300. [PMID: 37467949 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2023.107300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
To accelerate clinical development, seamless 2/3 adaptive design is an attractive strategy to combine phase 2 dose selection with phase 3 confirmatory objectives. As the regulatory requirement for dose optimization in oncology drugs shifted from maximum tolerated dose to maximum effective dose, it's important to gather more data on multiple candidate doses to inform dose selection. A phase 3 dose may be selected based on phase 2 results and carried forward in phase 3 study. Data obtained from both phases will be combined in the final analysis. In many disease settings biomarker endpoints are utilized for dose selection as they are correlated with the clinical efficacy endpoints. As discussed in Li et al. (2015), the combined analysis may cause type I error inflation due to the correlation and dose selection. Sidák adjustment has been proposed to control the overall type I error by adjusting p-values in phase 2 when performing the combined p-value test. However, this adjustment could be overly conservative as it does not consider the underlying correlations among doses/endpoints. We propose an alternative approach utilizing biomarker rank-based ordered test statistics which takes the rank order of the selected dose and the correlation into consideration. If the correlation is unknown, we propose a rank-based Dunnett adjustment, which includes the traditional Dunnett adjustment as a special case. We show that the proposed method controls the overall type I error, and leads to a uniformly higher power than Sidák adjustment and the traditional Dunnett adjustment under all potential correlation scenarios discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Bristol Myers Squibb Company, 86 Morris Ave, Summit, NJ 07901, USA
| | - Min Chen
- Bristol Myers Squibb Company, 86 Morris Ave, Summit, NJ 07901, USA
| | - Shuyu Chu
- Bristol Myers Squibb Company, 86 Morris Ave, Summit, NJ 07901, USA
| | - Rong Fan
- Pfizer Inc., 500 Arcola Rd, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA.
| | - Ivan S F Chan
- Bristol Myers Squibb Company, 86 Morris Ave, Summit, NJ 07901, USA
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Ho SSK, Hon SSF, Hung E, Lee JFY, Mo F, Tong M, So C, Chu S, Ng DCK, Lam D, Cho C, Mak TWC, Ng SSM, Futaba K, Suen J, To KF, Chan AWH, Yeung WWK, Ma BBY. Prognostic implication of the neoadjuvant rectal score and other biomarkers of clinical outcome in Hong Kong Chinese patients with locally advanced rectal cancer undergoing neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. Hong Kong Med J 2022; 28:230-238. [PMID: 35667869 DOI: 10.12809/hkmj208969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy is a standard treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer, for which pathological complete response is typically used as a surrogate survival endpoint. Neoadjuvant rectal score is a new biomarker that has been shown to correlate with survival. The main objectives of this study were to investigate factors contributing to pathological complete response, to validate the prognostic significance of neoadjuvant rectal score, and to investigate factors associated with a lower neoadjuvant rectal score in a cohort of Hong Kong Chinese. METHODS Data of patients with locally advanced rectal cancer who received neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy from August 2006 to October 2018 were retrieved from hospital records and retrospectively analysed. RESULTS Of 193 patients who had optimal response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and surgery, tumour down-staging was the only independent prognostic factor that predicted pathological complete response (P<0.0001). Neoadjuvant rectal score was associated with overall survival (hazard ratio [HR]=1.042, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.021-1.064; P<0.0001), disease-free survival (HR=1.042, 95% CI=1.022-1.062; P<0.0001), locoregional recurrence-free survival (HR=1.070, 95% CI=1.039-1.102; P<0.0001) and distant recurrence-free survival (HR=1.034, 95% CI=1.012-1.056; P=0.002). Patients who had pathological complete response were associated with a lower neoadjuvant rectal score (P<0.0001), but pathological complete response was not associated with survival. For patients with intermediate neoadjuvant rectal scores, late recurrences beyond 72 months from diagnosis were observed. CONCLUSION Neoadjuvant rectal score is an independent prognostic marker of survival and disease recurrence in a cohort of Hong Kong Chinese patients who received neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S K Ho
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - S S F Hon
- Department of Surgery, Alice Ho Miu Ling Nethersole Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - E Hung
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - J F Y Lee
- Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - F Mo
- State Key Laboratory in Translational Oncology in South China, Sir YK Pao Centre for Cancer, Department of Clinical Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - M Tong
- State Key Laboratory in Translational Oncology in South China, Sir YK Pao Centre for Cancer, Department of Clinical Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - C So
- State Key Laboratory in Translational Oncology in South China, Sir YK Pao Centre for Cancer, Department of Clinical Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - S Chu
- Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - D C K Ng
- Department of Surgery, North District Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - D Lam
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - C Cho
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - T W C Mak
- Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - S S M Ng
- Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - K Futaba
- Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - J Suen
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - K F To
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - A W H Chan
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | | | - B B Y Ma
- State Key Laboratory in Translational Oncology in South China, Sir YK Pao Centre for Cancer, Department of Clinical Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Sciarratta C, Sserunga MN, Sekiziyivu A, Lubega I, Nakato WN, Twinomuhwezi E, Tumwine C, Wasswa CK, Doshi R, Chu S, Gidudu J. Using an AEFI Parent Diary Card Following Fractional-Dose Yellow Fever (fYF) Vaccination in Uganda; a Tool for Consideration for Future Clinical Trials in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. Int J Infect Dis 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.12.275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Rolnik DL, Matheson A, Liu Y, Chu S, Mcgannon C, Mulcahy B, Malhotra A, Palmer KR, Hodges RJ, Mol BW. Impact of COVID-19 pandemic restrictions on pregnancy duration and outcome in Melbourne, Australia. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2021; 58:677-687. [PMID: 34309931 DOI: 10.1002/uog.23743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of restriction measures implemented to mitigate severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on pregnancy duration and outcome. METHODS A before-and-after study was conducted with cohort sampling in three maternity hospitals in Melbourne, Australia, including women who were pregnant when restriction measures were in place during the COVID-19 pandemic (estimated conception date between 1 November 2019 and 29 February 2020) and women who were pregnant before the restrictions (estimated conception date between 1 November 2018 and 28 February 2019). The primary outcome was delivery before 34 weeks' gestation or stillbirth. The main secondary outcome was a composite of adverse perinatal outcomes. Pregnancy outcomes were compared between women exposed to restriction measures and unexposed controls using the χ-square test and modified Poisson regression models, and duration of pregnancy was compared between the groups using survival analysis. RESULTS In total, 3150 women who were exposed to restriction measures during pregnancy and 3175 unexposed controls were included. Preterm birth before 34 weeks or stillbirth occurred in 95 (3.0%) exposed pregnancies and in 130 (4.1%) controls (risk ratio (RR), 0.74 (95% CI, 0.57-0.96); P = 0.021). Preterm birth before 34 weeks occurred in 2.4% of women in the exposed group and in 3.4% of women in the control group (RR, 0.71 (95% CI, 0.53-0.95); P = 0.022), without evidence of an increase in the rate of stillbirth in the exposed group (0.7% vs 0.9%; RR, 0.83 (95% CI, 0.48-1.44); P = 0.515). Competing-risks regression analysis showed that the effect of the restriction measures on spontaneous preterm birth was stronger and started earlier (subdistribution hazard ratio (HR), 0.81 (95% CI, 0.64-1.03); P = 0.087) than the effect on medically indicated preterm birth (subdistribution HR, 0.89 (95% CI, 0.70-1.12); P = 0.305). The effect was stronger in women with a previous preterm birth (RR, 0.42 (95% CI, 0.21-0.82); P = 0.008) than in parous women without a previous preterm birth (RR, 0.93 (95% CI, 0.63-1.38); P = 0.714) (P for interaction = 0.044). Composite adverse perinatal outcome was less frequent in the exposed group than in controls (all women: 2.1% vs 2.9%; RR, 0.73 (95% CI, 0.54-0.99); P = 0.042); women with a previous preterm birth: 4.5% vs 8.4%; RR, 0.54 (95% CI, 0.25-1.18); P = 0.116). CONCLUSIONS Restriction measures implemented to mitigate SARS-CoV-2 transmission during the COVID-19 pandemic were associated with a reduced rate of preterm birth before 34 weeks. This reduction was mainly due to a lower rate of spontaneous prematurity. The effect was more substantial in women with a previous preterm birth and was not associated with an increased stillbirth rate. © 2021 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- D L Rolnik
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Women's and Newborn Program, Monash Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - A Matheson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Women's and Newborn Program, Monash Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Y Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Women's and Newborn Program, Monash Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - S Chu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Women's and Newborn Program, Monash Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - C Mcgannon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Women's and Newborn Program, Monash Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - B Mulcahy
- Monash Newborn, Monash Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - A Malhotra
- Monash Newborn, Monash Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - K R Palmer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Women's and Newborn Program, Monash Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - R J Hodges
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Women's and Newborn Program, Monash Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - B W Mol
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Women's and Newborn Program, Monash Health, Melbourne, Australia
- Aberdeen Centre for Women's Health Research, School of Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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Chu S, Aamar A, Hale S, Roxas A, Redfearn D. Letter in response to "Polypharmacy is a determinant of hospitalization in Parkinson's disease". Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2021; 25:5887-5888. [PMID: 34661246 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202110_26864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Chu
- Guy's, King's, and St. Thomas' School of Medical Education, King's College London, UK.
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Ramanathan D, Chu S, Prendes M, Carroll B. 654 Validated outcome measures and post-surgical scar assessment instruments in eyelid surgery: A systematic review. J Invest Dermatol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.02.684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Ho S, Hon S, Hung E, Mo F, So C, Tong M, Lee J, Chu S, Ng D, Lam D, Cho C, Mak T, Ng S, Suen J, Chan A, Yeung W, Ma B. 91P Prognostic biomarker of clinical outcome in locally advanced rectal cancer in Chinese patients. Ann Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.10.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Conic RRZ, Chu S, Tamashunas NL, Damiani G, Bergfeld W. Prevalence of cardiac and metabolic diseases among patients with alopecia areata. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020; 35:e128-e129. [PMID: 32780884 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R R Z Conic
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - S Chu
- Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - N L Tamashunas
- School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - G Damiani
- Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Centro Studi GISED, Young Dermatologists Italian Network, Bergamo, Italy.,Clinical Dermatology, IRCCS Instituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - W Bergfeld
- Department of Dermatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Salem I, Schrom K, Chu S, Retuerto M, Richardson B, Margvicius S, Cameron M, Ghannoum M, McCormick T, Cooper K. 362 Psoriatic fungal and bacterial microbiomes identify patient endotypes. J Invest Dermatol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.03.369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Chu S, Damiani G, Richardson B, Gao X, Cameron M, McCormick T, Cooper K. 010 Correlation of psoriasis severity with burden of disease cost in psoriatic patients. J Invest Dermatol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Chu S, Jiang H, Xue Z, Deng X. Adaptive Convex Clustering of Generalized Linear Models With Application in Purchase Likelihood Prediction. Technometrics 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00401706.2020.1733094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuyu Chu
- IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY
| | - Huijing Jiang
- IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY
| | | | - Xinwei Deng
- Department of Statistics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA
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Lam G, Tong M, Lee J, Chu S, Ng D, Lam D, Cho C, Hung E, Li L, Ho W, Hui E, Chan A, Hon S, Mak T, Ng S, Suen J, Mo F, Ma B. A multicenter phase II study of neoadjuvant FOLFOXIRI followed by concurrent capecitabine and radiotherapy for high risk rectal cancer: A final report. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz421.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Simon JN, Vrellaku B, Monterisi S, Chu S, Rawlings N, Lomas O, Marchal GA, Waithe D, Gajendragadkar P, Jayaram R, Channon K, Swietach P, Zaccolo M, Eaton P, Casadei B. 2161Redox-mediated PKA-RIalpha localisation to the lysosome inhibits myocardial calcium release and robustly reduces myocardial injury. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz748.0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Kinase oxidation is a critical signalling mechanism through which changes in the intracellular redox state alter cardiac function. In the myocardium, type-1 protein kinase A (PKARIα) can be reversibly oxidised, forming interprotein disulphide bonds within the holoenzyme complex. However, the effect of PKARIα oxidation on downstream signalling in the heart, particularly under states of oxidative stress, remains unexplored.
Purpose
To determine the direct functional consequences of PKARIα oxidation in the heart and investigate their impact on ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury.
Methods and results
Experiments using the AKAR3ev FRET biosensor in murine left ventricular (LV) myocytes and Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching (FRAP) of GFP-tagged wild-type (WT) and mutant RIα proteins expressed in RIα-null fibroblasts showed that PKARIα oxidation does not increase the kinases' catalytic activity, but enhances its binding to A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAP; n=30–39/N=3, p<0.01). Super-resolution microscopy revealed localisation of oxidised PKARIα to lysosomes in WT myocytes, which was completely absent in “redox dead” Cys17Ser PKARIα knock-in mice (KI; panel A; n=38–41/N=3, p<0.01) and reduced when AKAP binding was prevented using the RIAD disruptor peptide (30.6±5.1% reduction; n=35–37/N=3, p<0.01).
Displacement of PKARIα from lysosomes resulted in spontaneous sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium release and dramatic calcium oscillations in KI LV myocytes (panel B), which were preventable by ryanodine receptor blockade (1 mM tetracaine; n=14, p<0.01), acute depletion of endolysosomal calcium stores (100 nM bafilomycin; n=7; p<0.01), or lysosomal two-pore channel inhibition (5 μM Ned-19; n=9; p<0.05).
I/R (secondary to cardiopulmonary bypass) was found to induce PKARIα oxidation in the myocardium of patients undergoing cardiac surgery (panel C; n=18, p<0.05). Absence of this response in KI mouse hearts resulted in 2-fold larger infarcts (p<0.01) and a concomitant reduction in LV contractile recovery (final LVDP of 55.9±8.6 vs 82.5±7.1 mmHg in WT; n=7–8, p<0.05), both which were prevented by addition of Ned-19 at the time of reperfusion (panel D; n=4, p<0.01).
Conclusions
Oxidised PKARIα acts as a potent inhibitor of intracellular calcium release in the heart through its redox-dependent interaction with the lysosome. In the setting of I/R, where PKARIα oxidation is induced, this regulatory mechanism is critical for protecting the heart from injury and offers a novel target for the design of cardioprotective therapeutics.
Acknowledgement/Funding
British Heart Foundation CH/12/3/29609, RG/16/12/32451; Garfield-Weston Foundation MPS/IVIMS-11/12-4032; Wellcome Trust Fellowship 0998981Z/12/Z
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Affiliation(s)
- J N Simon
- University of Oxford, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - B Vrellaku
- University of Oxford, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - S Monterisi
- University of Oxford, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - S Chu
- University of Oxford, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - N Rawlings
- University of Oxford, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - O Lomas
- University of Oxford, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - G A Marchal
- University of Oxford, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - D Waithe
- University of Oxford, Wolfson Imaging Centre, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - P Gajendragadkar
- University of Oxford, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - R Jayaram
- University of Oxford, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - K Channon
- University of Oxford, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - P Swietach
- University of Oxford, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - M Zaccolo
- University of Oxford, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - P Eaton
- King's College London, Cardiovascular Division, The Rayne Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - B Casadei
- University of Oxford, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Pathmarajah T, Chu S, Sieunarine K. A rare case of Listeria monocytogenes causing mycotic aneurysm of the common femoral artery: A case report. Int J Surg Case Rep 2019; 61:238-241. [PMID: 31382235 PMCID: PMC6698314 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2019.07.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunosuppressed patients may not display typical clinical or biochemical features associated with mycotic aneurysms. Clinicians should have a high index of suspicion for infective aetiology when treating aneurysmal disease in immunocompromised patients. It is important to obtain intraoperative tissue samples for histopathology and microbiological assessment in immunocompromised patients for detection of rare pathogens. Autogenous vein should be used in infected surgical fields to avoid the risk of prosthetic graft infection.
Introduction Mycotic aneurysms are an uncommon occurrence, withStaphylococcus and Salmonella species found to be the causative pathogen in up to 95% of cases. We believe this is the first described case of a common femoral artery mycotic aneurysm due to Listeria monocytogenes. Presentation of case A 66-year-old male presented with a two-month history of an increasing painful mass in his left groin, on the background of immunosuppression treatment for ankylosing spondylitis. He was afebrile on assessment, with a normal white cell count. Contrast enhanced CT scan showed a common femoral artery aneurysm, with no infective features. His aneurysm was excised and repaired with a Dacron tube graft. L. monocytogenes was cultured from the aneurysm tissue, and he was commenced on appropriate antibiotic treatment. The prosthetic graft was also replaced with a venous bypass of the aneurysm. Discussion L. monocytogenes is a rare cause of mycotic aneurysm with less than 40 cases reported in the literature. Immunosuppression is a recognised risk factor for Listerial infections. Immunocompromised patients may not display typical clinical or biochemical features associated with a mycotic aneurysm. Prosthetic graft infections are associated with significant mortality, with excision of the prosthetic material and venous reconstruction associated with good outcomes for eradicating infection. Conclusion This report highlights the importance of obtaining intraoperative tissue samples for microbiological and histopathological assessment in immunocompromised patients. This is important for the detection of rare organisms such as L.monocytogenes, requiring targeted antibiotic therapy. Inappropriate treatment of Listerial infections can result in serious invasive illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Pathmarajah
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia.
| | - S Chu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - K Sieunarine
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia
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Ireland JL, Sebalo I, McNeill K, Murphy K, Brewer G, Ireland CA, Chu S, Lewis M, Greenwood L, Nally T. Impacting on factors promoting intra-group aggression in secure psychiatric settings. Heliyon 2019; 5:e01400. [PMID: 30976684 PMCID: PMC6439227 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Three preliminary and linked studies investigate the impact of making alterations to factors considered relevant to engaging in and experiencing intra-group aggression (bullying) among adult male patients detained in a single secure forensic hospital. Study one (n = 44) outlines the institutional factors, attitudes towards bullying and environmental factors that increase the likelihood of engaging in bullying and/or being victimised. Study two (n = 53 patients and 167 staff) assesses the effect of three variations of intervention that aimed to reduce intra-group aggression through direct alteration of the physical and psychosocial environment, using data from both patients and staff. Study three (n = 414) looks at the effects of two variations of the intervention used in study two, which offered patients’ participation in individual and communal activities. It was predicted that changes to the physical and social environment would produce a reduction in the factors shown to predict intra-group aggression. Attitudes supportive of bullying and the presence of social hierarchies each increased the likelihood of engaging in bullying. Indirect changes to the social environment on the wards had more positive effects than those incorporating direct alterations to the physical and social environment. The differences in effectiveness of the two approaches are discussed in relation to the established predictors of intra-group aggression. The research concludes by noting the preliminary nature of the research and outlining potential directions for future research and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Ireland
- University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK.,Ashworth Research Centre, Mersey Care NHS Trust, UK
| | - I Sebalo
- University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK.,Ashworth Research Centre, Mersey Care NHS Trust, UK
| | - K McNeill
- University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK.,Ashworth Research Centre, Mersey Care NHS Trust, UK
| | - K Murphy
- Ashworth Research Centre, Mersey Care NHS Trust, UK
| | - G Brewer
- University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK.,University of Liverpool, UK
| | - C A Ireland
- University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK.,Ashworth Research Centre, Mersey Care NHS Trust, UK
| | - S Chu
- University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK.,Ashworth Research Centre, Mersey Care NHS Trust, UK
| | - M Lewis
- University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK.,Ashworth Research Centre, Mersey Care NHS Trust, UK
| | - L Greenwood
- University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK.,Ashworth Research Centre, Mersey Care NHS Trust, UK
| | - T Nally
- University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK.,Ashworth Research Centre, Mersey Care NHS Trust, UK
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17
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Yang Y, Chu S, Shang S, Yang Z, Wang C. Short communication: Genotyping and single nucleotide polymorphism analysis of bovine leukemia virus in Chinese dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:3469-3473. [PMID: 30712932 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) causes enzootic leucosis in cattle and is classified into 10 genotypes with a worldwide distribution, except for several European countries, Australia, and New Zealand. Although BLV is widespread in Chinese cows with the positive rate of 49.1% at the individual level, very little is known about the BLV genotype in dairy cattle in China. To determine BLV genetic variability in cows in China, 112 BLV-positive samples from 5 cities in China were used for BLV molecular characterization in this study. Phylogenetic analysis using the neighbor-joining method on partial env sequence encoding gp51 obtained from 5 Chinese cities and those available in GenBank (n = 53, representing BLV genotype 1-10) revealed the Chinese strains belonged to genotype 6. Seven unique SNP were identified among Yancheng, Shanghai, and Bengbu strains out of the total 12 SNP identified in Chinese strains. The genotyping coupled with SNP analysis of BLV can serve as a useful molecular epidemiological tool for tracing the source of pathogens. This study highlights the importance of genetic analysis of geographically diverse BLV strains to understand BLV global genetic diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Yang
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; International Corporation Laboratory of Agriculture and Agricultural Products Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China.
| | - S Chu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - S Shang
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; International Corporation Laboratory of Agriculture and Agricultural Products Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Z Yang
- International Corporation Laboratory of Agriculture and Agricultural Products Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - C Wang
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849
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18
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Chu S, Zhang Y, Jiang Y, Sun W, Zhu Q, Liu S, Chen C, Zhang Z, Huang B, Jiang F, Zhang J. Cesarean section and risks of overweight and obesity in school-aged children: a population-based study. QJM 2018; 111:859-865. [PMID: 30184122 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcy195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity puts a great health burden in the world. Previous studies suggest that caesarean section (CS) may increase the risk of obesity in children, but it is still uncertain whether this association is causal or due to residual confounding by medical indication. AIM To assess the association between CS, CS without medical indications in particular and the risk of overweight and obesity in school-aged children. DESIGN Cross-sectional survey. METHODS The 2014 Shanghai Child Health, Education and Lifestyle Evaluation was a large population-based survey with cluster random probability sampling in 26 primary schools in Shanghai, China, in 2014. The mode of delivery was reported by parents. The height, weight and waist circumference of the children were measured. Logistic regression models with SURVEYLOGISTIC procedure were used to estimate the risk of childhood obesity. Pupils delivered vaginally were served as the reference group. RESULTS A total of 17 571 pupils completed this survey, and 13 724 of them who were singleton, born term and between 5 and 13 years old were included in our analysis. CS was associated with increased risks of overweight and obesity (BMI: adjusted OR = 1.28 [95%CI 1.13-1.45] and 1.44 [1.26-1.66], respectively; weight for height ratio [WHtR] >0.46: 1.33 [1.20-1.48]). Similar results were found in CS without medical indication (BMI: overweight = 1.24 [1.05-1.47], obesity = 1.43 [1.19-1.72]; WHtR > 0.46: 1.30 [1.13-1.50]). CONCLUSIONS CS overall and CS without medical indications were associated with increased risks of overweight and obesity in primary school children.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chu
- MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Y Zhang
- Child Health Advocacy Institute, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Jiang
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - W Sun
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Q Zhu
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - S Liu
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - C Chen
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Z Zhang
- School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - B Huang
- School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - F Jiang
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - J Zhang
- MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
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19
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Chu S, Li C. 145 Utilizing qSOFA Score as a Prognosis Predictor of Patients With Influenza Infection in the Emergency Department. Ann Emerg Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2018.08.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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20
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Valand HA, Chu S, Bhala R, Foley R, Hirsch JA, Tu RK. Comparison of Advanced Imaging Resources, Radiology Workforce, and Payment Methodologies between the United States and Canada. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2018; 39:1785-1790. [PMID: 30166430 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a5755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this Practice Perspectives was to review the United States and Canadian approaches to health care access and payment for advanced imaging. The historical background, governmental role, workforce, coding, payment, radiologic challenges, cost, resource intensity, and overall outcomes in longevity are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- H A Valand
- From the American University of Integrative Sciences (H.A.V.), Brampton, Ontario, Canada
| | - S Chu
- Vancouver Coastal Health Authority (S.C.), Washington State Radiological Society, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - R Bhala
- American Society of Neuroradiology (R.B.), Oak Brook, Illinois
| | - R Foley
- Ontario Association of Radiologists (R.F.), Oakville, Ontario, Canada
| | - J A Hirsch
- Massachusetts General Hospital (J.A.H.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - R K Tu
- Progressive Radiology (R.K.T.), George Washington University, United Medical Center, Falls Church, Virginia.
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21
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Chu S, Xia YL, Zhou J, Jiang J, Sheng QH, Ding YS. 194Baseline echocardiography-indicated impaired atrial function predicts reoccurrence and thromboembolic risks after catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation. Europace 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/euy015.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S Chu
- Peking University First Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Beijing, China People's Republic of
| | - Y L Xia
- Peking University First Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Beijing, China People's Republic of
| | - J Zhou
- Peking University First Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Beijing, China People's Republic of
| | - J Jiang
- Peking University First Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Beijing, China People's Republic of
| | - Q H Sheng
- Peking University First Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Beijing, China People's Republic of
| | - Y S Ding
- Peking University First Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Beijing, China People's Republic of
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22
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Adiga A, Chu S, Eubank S, Kuhlman CJ, Lewis B, Marathe A, Marathe M, Nordberg EK, Swarup S, Vullikanti A, Wilson ML. Disparities in spread and control of influenza in slums of Delhi: findings from an agent-based modelling study. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e017353. [PMID: 29358419 PMCID: PMC5780711 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This research studies the role of slums in the spread and control of infectious diseases in the National Capital Territory of India, Delhi, using detailed social contact networks of its residents. METHODS We use an agent-based model to study the spread of influenza in Delhi through person-to-person contact. Two different networks are used: one in which slum and non-slum regions are treated the same, and the other in which 298 slum zones are identified. In the second network, slum-specific demographics and activities are assigned to the individuals whose homes reside inside these zones. The main effects of integrating slums are that the network has more home-related contacts due to larger family sizes and more outside contacts due to more daily activities outside home. Various vaccination and social distancing interventions are applied to control the spread of influenza. RESULTS Simulation-based results show that when slum attributes are ignored, the effectiveness of vaccination can be overestimated by 30%-55%, in terms of reducing the peak number of infections and the size of the epidemic, and in delaying the time to peak infection. The slum population sustains greater infection rates under all intervention scenarios in the network that treats slums differently. Vaccination strategy performs better than social distancing strategies in slums. CONCLUSIONS Unique characteristics of slums play a significant role in the spread of infectious diseases. Modelling slums and estimating their impact on epidemics will help policy makers and regulators more accurately prioritise allocation of scarce medical resources and implement public health policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijin Adiga
- Network Dynamics and Simulation Sciences Laboratory, Biocomplexity Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Shuyu Chu
- Network Dynamics and Simulation Sciences Laboratory, Biocomplexity Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Stephen Eubank
- Network Dynamics and Simulation Sciences Laboratory, Biocomplexity Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Christopher J Kuhlman
- Network Dynamics and Simulation Sciences Laboratory, Biocomplexity Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Bryan Lewis
- Network Dynamics and Simulation Sciences Laboratory, Biocomplexity Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Achla Marathe
- Network Dynamics and Simulation Sciences Laboratory, Biocomplexity Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Madhav Marathe
- Network Dynamics and Simulation Sciences Laboratory, Biocomplexity Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Eric K Nordberg
- Network Dynamics and Simulation Sciences Laboratory, Biocomplexity Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Samarth Swarup
- Network Dynamics and Simulation Sciences Laboratory, Biocomplexity Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Anil Vullikanti
- Network Dynamics and Simulation Sciences Laboratory, Biocomplexity Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Mandy L Wilson
- Network Dynamics and Simulation Sciences Laboratory, Biocomplexity Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
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23
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Solon AP, Bunin G, Chu S, Kardar M. Optimal paths on the road network as directed polymers. Phys Rev E 2018; 96:050301. [PMID: 29347789 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.96.050301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We analyze the statistics of the shortest and fastest paths on the road network between randomly sampled end points. We find that, to a good approximation, the optimal paths can be described as directed polymers in a disordered medium, which belong to the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang universality class of interface roughening. Comparing the scaling behavior of our data with simulations of directed polymers and previous theoretical results, we are able to point out the few characteristics of the road network that are relevant to the large-scale statistics of optimal paths. Indeed, we show that the local structure is akin to a disordered environment with a power-law distribution which become less important at large scales where long-ranged correlations in the network control the scaling behavior of the optimal paths.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Solon
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - G Bunin
- Department of Physics, Technion, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - S Chu
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Kardar
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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24
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Koh Y, Chu S, Shaw J, Walker R. Close Versus Distant Administration of Erythropoietin and Acute Coronary Syndrome Outcomes in Chronic Kidney Patients on Dialysis. Heart Lung Circ 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2018.06.592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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25
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Brownstein JS, Chu S, Marathe A, Marathe MV, Nguyen AT, Paolotti D, Perra N, Perrotta D, Santillana M, Swarup S, Tizzoni M, Vespignani A, Vullikanti AKS, Wilson ML, Zhang Q. Combining Participatory Influenza Surveillance with Modeling and Forecasting: Three Alternative Approaches. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2017; 3:e83. [PMID: 29092812 PMCID: PMC5688248 DOI: 10.2196/publichealth.7344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Influenza outbreaks affect millions of people every year and its surveillance is usually carried out in developed countries through a network of sentinel doctors who report the weekly number of Influenza-like Illness cases observed among the visited patients. Monitoring and forecasting the evolution of these outbreaks supports decision makers in designing effective interventions and allocating resources to mitigate their impact. OBJECTIVE Describe the existing participatory surveillance approaches that have been used for modeling and forecasting of the seasonal influenza epidemic, and how they can help strengthen real-time epidemic science and provide a more rigorous understanding of epidemic conditions. METHODS We describe three different participatory surveillance systems, WISDM (Widely Internet Sourced Distributed Monitoring), Influenzanet and Flu Near You (FNY), and show how modeling and simulation can be or has been combined with participatory disease surveillance to: i) measure the non-response bias in a participatory surveillance sample using WISDM; and ii) nowcast and forecast influenza activity in different parts of the world (using Influenzanet and Flu Near You). RESULTS WISDM-based results measure the participatory and sample bias for three epidemic metrics i.e. attack rate, peak infection rate, and time-to-peak, and find the participatory bias to be the largest component of the total bias. The Influenzanet platform shows that digital participatory surveillance data combined with a realistic data-driven epidemiological model can provide both short-term and long-term forecasts of epidemic intensities, and the ground truth data lie within the 95 percent confidence intervals for most weeks. The statistical accuracy of the ensemble forecasts increase as the season progresses. The Flu Near You platform shows that participatory surveillance data provide accurate short-term flu activity forecasts and influenza activity predictions. The correlation of the HealthMap Flu Trends estimates with the observed CDC ILI rates is 0.99 for 2013-2015. Additional data sources lead to an error reduction of about 40% when compared to the estimates of the model that only incorporates CDC historical information. CONCLUSIONS While the advantages of participatory surveillance, compared to traditional surveillance, include its timeliness, lower costs, and broader reach, it is limited by a lack of control over the characteristics of the population sample. Modeling and simulation can help overcome this limitation as well as provide real-time and long-term forecasting of influenza activity in data-poor parts of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S Brownstein
- Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Computational Epidemiology Group, Division of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Shuyu Chu
- Network Dynamics and Simulation Science Laboratory, Biocomplexity Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Achla Marathe
- Network Dynamics and Simulation Science Laboratory, Biocomplexity Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Madhav V Marathe
- Network Dynamics and Simulation Science Laboratory, Biocomplexity Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Andre T Nguyen
- Computational Epidemiology Group, Division of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Booz Allen Hamilton, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Daniela Paolotti
- Computational Epidemiology Laboratory, Institute for Scientific Interchange, Turin, Italy
| | - Nicola Perra
- Centre for Business Networks Analysis, University of Greenwich, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniela Perrotta
- Computational Epidemiology Laboratory, Institute for Scientific Interchange, Turin, Italy
| | - Mauricio Santillana
- Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Computational Epidemiology Group, Division of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Samarth Swarup
- Network Dynamics and Simulation Science Laboratory, Biocomplexity Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Michele Tizzoni
- Computational Epidemiology Laboratory, Institute for Scientific Interchange, Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandro Vespignani
- Laboratory for the Modeling of Biological and Socio-technical Systems, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Anil Kumar S Vullikanti
- Network Dynamics and Simulation Science Laboratory, Biocomplexity Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Mandy L Wilson
- Network Dynamics and Simulation Science Laboratory, Biocomplexity Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Qian Zhang
- Laboratory for the Modeling of Biological and Socio-technical Systems, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
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26
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Geller M, Bendzick L, Ryan C, Chu S, Lenvik A, Skubitz A, Boylan K, Isaksson Vogel R, Miller J, Felices M. Combination therapy with IL-15 superagonist (ALT-803) and PD-1 blockade enhances human NK cell immunotherapy against ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2017.03.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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27
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Lee S, Lee J, Lee J, Chu S, Cha S, Park H. Cell protectant of clinical grade for cell delivery without cryopreservation. Cytotherapy 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2017.02.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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28
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Hemida MG, Chu DKW, Perera RAPM, Ko RLW, So RTY, Ng BCY, Chan SMS, Chu S, Alnaeem AA, Alhammadi MA, Webby RJ, Poon LLM, Balasuriya UBR, Peiris M. Coronavirus infections in horses in Saudi Arabia and Oman. Transbound Emerg Dis 2017; 64:2093-2103. [PMID: 28296228 PMCID: PMC7169745 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Equine coronaviruses (ECoV) are the only coronavirus known to infect horses. So far, data on ECoV infection in horses remain limited to the USA, France and Japan and its geographic distribution is not well understood. We carried out RT‐PCR on 306 nasal and 315 rectal swabs and tested 243 sera for antibodies to detect coronavirus infections in apparently healthy horses in Saudi Arabia and Oman. We document evidence of infection with ECoV and HKU23 coronavirus by RT‐PCR. There was no conclusive evidence of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection in horses. Serological data suggest that lineage A betacoronavirus infections are commonly infecting horses in Saudi Arabia and Oman but antibody cross‐reactivities between these viruses do not permit us to use serological data alone to identify which coronaviruses are causing these infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Hemida
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Hasa, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Virology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kaferelsheik University, Kaferelsheik, Egypt
| | - D K W Chu
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - R A P M Perera
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - R L W Ko
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - R T Y So
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - B C Y Ng
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - S M S Chan
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - S Chu
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - A A Alnaeem
- Department of Clinical Studies, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Hasa, Saudi Arabia
| | - M A Alhammadi
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Hasa, Saudi Arabia
| | - R J Webby
- Division of Virology, Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - L L M Poon
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - U B R Balasuriya
- Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - M Peiris
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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29
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Chen E, Chu S, Gov L, Kim Y, Lodoen M, Tenner A, Liu W. CD200 modulates macrophage cytokine secretion and phagocytosis in response to poly(lactic co-glycolic acid) microparticles and films. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:1574-1584. [PMID: 28736613 PMCID: PMC5515357 DOI: 10.1039/c6tb02269c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Biocompatibility is a major concern for developing biomaterials used in medical devices, tissue engineering and drug delivery. Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) is one of the most widely used biodegradable materials, yet still triggers a significant foreign body response that impairs healing. Immune cells including macrophages respond to the implanted biomaterial and mediate the host response, which can eventually lead to device failure. Previously in our laboratory, we found that CD200, an immunomodulatory protein, suppressed macrophage inflammatory activation in vitro and reduced local immune cell infiltration around a biomaterial implant. While in our initial study we used polystyrene as a model material, here we investigate the effect of CD200 on PLGA, a commonly used biomaterial with many potential clinical applications. We fabricated PLGA with varied geometries, modified their surfaces with CD200, and examined macrophage cytokine secretion and phagocytosis. We found that CD200 suppressed secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α and enhanced secretion of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, suggesting a role for CD200 in promoting wound healing and tissue remodeling. In addition, we found that CD200 increased phagocytosis in both murine macrophages and human monocytes. Together, these data suggest that modification with CD200 leads to a response that simultaneously prevents inflammation and enhances phagocytosis. This immunomodulatory feature may be used as a strategy to mitigate inflammation or deliver drugs or anti-inflammatory agents targeting macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- E.Y. Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Irvine
- The Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California, Irvine
| | - S. Chu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine
| | - L. Gov
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine
| | - Y.K. Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Irvine
- The Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California, Irvine
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine
| | - M.B. Lodoen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine
| | - A.J. Tenner
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine
| | - W.F. Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Irvine
- The Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California, Irvine
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine
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Felices M, Chu S, Kodal B, Bendzick L, Ryan C, Lenvik AJ, Boylan KLM, Wong HC, Skubitz APN, Miller JS, Geller MA. IL-15 super-agonist (ALT-803) enhances natural killer (NK) cell function against ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2017; 145:453-461. [PMID: 28236454 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2017.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Natural killer (NK) cells represent a powerful immunotherapeutic target as they lyse tumors directly, do not require differentiation, and can elicit potent inflammatory responses. The objective of these studies was to use an IL-15 super-agonist complex, ALT-803 (Altor BioScience Corporation), to enhance the function of both normal and ovarian cancer patient derived NK cells by increasing cytotoxicity and cytokine production. METHODS NK cell function from normal donor peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and ovarian cancer patient ascites was assessed using flow cytometry and chromium release assays ±ALT-803 stimulation. To evaluate the ability of ALT-803 to enhance NK cell function in vivo against ovarian cancer, we used a MA148-luc ovarian cancer NOD scid gamma (NSG) xenogeneic mouse model with transferred human NK cells. RESULTS ALT-803 potently enhanced functionality of NK cells against all ovarian cancer cell lines with significant increases seen in CD107a, IFNγ and TNFα expression depending on target cell line. Function was also rescued in NK cells derived from ovarian cancer patient ascites. Finally, only animals treated with intraperitoneal ALT-803 displayed an NK dependent significant decrease in tumor. CONCLUSIONS ALT-803 enhances NK cell cytotoxicity against ovarian cancer in vitro and in vivo and is able to rescue functionality of NK cells derived from ovarian cancer patient ascites. These findings suggest that ALT-803 has the potential to enhance NK cell-based immunotherapeutic approaches for the treatment of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Felices
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States.
| | - S Chu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - B Kodal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - L Bendzick
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - C Ryan
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - A J Lenvik
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - K L M Boylan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - H C Wong
- Altor BioScience Corporation, Miramar, FL, United States
| | - A P N Skubitz
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - J S Miller
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - M A Geller
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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Fuller P, Leung D, Chu S. Genetics and genomics of ovarian sex cord-stromal tumors. Clin Genet 2017; 91:285-291. [DOI: 10.1111/cge.12917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P.J. Fuller
- Centre for Endocrinology and Metabolism; Hudson Institute of Medical Research; Clayton Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science; Monash University; Clayton Australia
| | - D. Leung
- Centre for Endocrinology and Metabolism; Hudson Institute of Medical Research; Clayton Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science; Monash University; Clayton Australia
| | - S. Chu
- Centre for Endocrinology and Metabolism; Hudson Institute of Medical Research; Clayton Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science; Monash University; Clayton Australia
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Yeung WW, Ma BB, Lee JF, Ng SS, Cheung MH, Ho WM, Tsang MW, Chu S, Lam DC, Mo FK. Clinical outcome of neoadjuvant chemoradiation in locally advanced rectal cancer at a tertiary hospital. Hong Kong Med J 2016; 22:546-55. [PMID: 27795447 DOI: 10.12809/hkmj154788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To review the clinical outcome of locally advanced rectal cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiation followed by definitive surgery with or without adjuvant chemotherapy and to elucidate the prognostic factors for treatment outcome. METHODS This historical cohort study was conducted at a tertiary public hospital in Hong Kong. All patients who had undergone neoadjuvant chemoradiation for locally advanced rectal cancer in our department from November 2005 to October 2014 were recruited. Local recurrence-free survival, distant metastasis-free survival, disease-free survival, and overall survival of patients were documented. RESULTS A total of 135 patients who had received neoadjuvant chemoradiation during the study period were reviewed. There were 130 patients who had completed neoadjuvant chemoradiation and surgery. The median follow-up time was 35.1 months. The 3- and 5-year local recurrence-free survival, distant metastasis-free survival, disease-free survival, as well as overall survival rates were 91.8% and 86.7%, 73.9% and 72.1%, 70.1% and 64.6%, as well as 86.5% and 68.4%, respectively. The rate of pathological complete response was 13.8%. The T and N downstaging rate was 49.2% and 63.1%, respectively. The rate of conversion from threatened circumferential resection margin to clearance of margin was 90.6%. Of the 42 cases that were initially deemed to require abdominal perineal resection, 15 (35.7%) were converted to sphincter-sparing surgery. CONCLUSIONS The treatment outcome of neoadjuvant chemoradiation for locally advanced rectal cancer was comparable with overseas data in terms of local control rate and overall survival. This strategy may increase the chance of achieving a clear surgical margin by downstaging the tumour, especially in patients who presented with threatened circumferential margin.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Wk Yeung
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - B By Ma
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - J Fy Lee
- Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - S Sm Ng
- Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - M Hy Cheung
- Department of Surgery, North District Hospital, Sheung Shui, Hong Kong
| | - W M Ho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - M Wk Tsang
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - S Chu
- Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - D Cm Lam
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - F Kf Mo
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyu Chu
- Chemistry Research Laboratory; University of Oxford; 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Niels Münster
- Chemistry Research Laboratory; University of Oxford; 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Tudor Balan
- Chemistry Research Laboratory; University of Oxford; 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Martin D. Smith
- Chemistry Research Laboratory; University of Oxford; 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
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Abstract
Morphine has been a target for synthetic chemists since Robinson proposed its correct structure in 1925, resulting in a large number of total syntheses of morphine alkaloids. Here we report a total synthesis of (±)‐morphine that employs two key strategic cyclizations: 1) a diastereoselective light‐mediated cyclization of an O‐arylated butyrolactone to form a tricyclic cis‐fused benzofuran and 2) a cascade ene–yne–ene ring closing metathesis to forge the tetracyclic morphine core. This approach enables a short and stereoselective synthesis of morphine in an overall yield of 6.6 %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyu Chu
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Niels Münster
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Tudor Balan
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Martin D Smith
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES This research studies the impact of influenza epidemic in the slum and non-slum areas of Delhi, the National Capital Territory of India, by taking proper account of slum demographics and residents' activities, using a highly resolved social contact network of the 13.8 million residents of Delhi. METHODS An SEIR model is used to simulate the spread of influenza on two different synthetic social contact networks of Delhi, one where slums and non-slums are treated the same in terms of their demographics and daily sets of activities and the other, where slum and non-slum regions have different attributes. RESULTS Differences between the epidemic outcomes on the two networks are large. Time-to-peak infection is overestimated by several weeks, and the cumulative infection rate and peak infection rate are underestimated by 10-50%, when slum attributes are ignored. CONCLUSIONS Slum populations have a significant effect on influenza transmission in urban areas. Improper specification of slums in large urban regions results in underestimation of infections in the entire population and hence will lead to misguided interventions by policy planners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangzhuo Chen
- Network Dynamics and Simulation Science Laboratory, Biocomplexity Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Shuyu Chu
- Network Dynamics and Simulation Science Laboratory, Biocomplexity Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Youngyun Chungbaek
- Network Dynamics and Simulation Science Laboratory, Biocomplexity Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Maleq Khan
- Network Dynamics and Simulation Science Laboratory, Biocomplexity Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Christopher Kuhlman
- Network Dynamics and Simulation Science Laboratory, Biocomplexity Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Achla Marathe
- Network Dynamics and Simulation Science Laboratory, Biocomplexity Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Henning Mortveit
- Network Dynamics and Simulation Science Laboratory, Biocomplexity Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Anil Vullikanti
- Network Dynamics and Simulation Science Laboratory, Biocomplexity Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Dawen Xie
- Network Dynamics and Simulation Science Laboratory, Biocomplexity Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
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Zang F, Chu S, Gerasopoulos K, Culver JN, Ghodssi R. Rapid fabrication of supercapacitor electrodes using bionanoscaffolds in capillary microfluidics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/660/1/012010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Chu S, Wallace S, Smith MD. A Cascade Strategy Enables a Total Synthesis of (−)-Gephyrotoxin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:13826-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201409038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Alogna VK, Attaya MK, Aucoin P, Bahník Š, Birch S, Birt AR, Bornstein BH, Bouwmeester S, Brandimonte MA, Brown C, Buswell K, Carlson C, Carlson M, Chu S, Cislak A, Colarusso M, Colloff MF, Dellapaolera KS, Delvenne JF, Di Domenico A, Drummond A, Echterhoff G, Edlund JE, Eggleston CM, Fairfield B, Franco G, Gabbert F, Gamblin BW, Garry M, Gentry R, Gilbert EA, Greenberg DL, Halberstadt J, Hall L, Hancock PJB, Hirsch D, Holt G, Jackson JC, Jong J, Kehn A, Koch C, Kopietz R, Körner U, Kunar MA, Lai CK, Langton SRH, Leite FP, Mammarella N, Marsh JE, McConnaughy KA, McCoy S, McIntyre AH, Meissner CA, Michael RB, Mitchell AA, Mugayar-Baldocchi M, Musselman R, Ng C, Nichols AL, Nunez NL, Palmer MA, Pappagianopoulos JE, Petro MS, Poirier CR, Portch E, Rainsford M, Rancourt A, Romig C, Rubínová E, Sanson M, Satchell L, Sauer JD, Schweitzer K, Shaheed J, Skelton F, Sullivan GA, Susa KJ, Swanner JK, Thompson WB, Todaro R, Ulatowska J, Valentine T, Verkoeijen PPJL, Vranka M, Wade KA, Was CA, Weatherford D, Wiseman K, Zaksaite T, Zuj DV, Zwaan RA. Registered Replication Report: Schooler and Engstler-Schooler (1990). Perspect Psychol Sci 2014; 9:556-78. [PMID: 26186758 DOI: 10.1177/1745691614545653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Trying to remember something now typically improves your ability to remember it later. However, after watching a video of a simulated bank robbery, participants who verbally described the robber were 25% worse at identifying the robber in a lineup than were participants who instead listed U.S. states and capitals-this has been termed the "verbal overshadowing" effect (Schooler & Engstler-Schooler, 1990). More recent studies suggested that this effect might be substantially smaller than first reported. Given uncertainty about the effect size, the influence of this finding in the memory literature, and its practical importance for police procedures, we conducted two collections of preregistered direct replications (RRR1 and RRR2) that differed only in the order of the description task and a filler task. In RRR1, when the description task immediately followed the robbery, participants who provided a description were 4% less likely to select the robber than were those in the control condition. In RRR2, when the description was delayed by 20 min, they were 16% less likely to select the robber. These findings reveal a robust verbal overshadowing effect that is strongly influenced by the relative timing of the tasks. The discussion considers further implications of these replications for our understanding of verbal overshadowing.
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Sahebally SM, Burke JP, Chu S, Mabadeje O, Geoghegan J. A randomized controlled trial comparing polyethylene glycol + ascorbic acid with sodium picosulphate + magnesium citrate solution for bowel cleansing prior to colonoscopy. Ir J Med Sci 2014; 184:819-23. [PMID: 25156179 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-014-1182-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adequate bowel cleansing which is acceptable to the patient is a prerequisite for safe and effective colonoscopy. A 2-L polyethylene glycol solution containing ascorbic acid and electrolytes (PEG-Asc) is an alternative to sodium picosulphate + magnesium citrate (SPS-Mg) for bowel preparation. The aim of the current study is to compare PEG-Asc to SPS-Mg in terms of tolerability and efficacy. METHODS This was a single blind, randomized controlled trial. A blinded assessment of bowel cleansing was made by the attending endoscopist. Patients completed a questionnaire on the acceptability of the preparation. RESULTS One hundred and thirty (130) consecutive patients attending for day case colonoscopy were randomly allocated to bowel preparation with PEG-Asc (n = 66) or SPS-Mg (n = 64). More patients found PEG-Asc to taste unpleasant (37.9 vs. 10.9%, P < 0.001) and more patients found PEG-Asc to be a more distressing preparation than SPS-Mg (15.1 vs. 4.7%, P = 0.043). However, there was no difference in the proportion of patients being able to complete bowel preparation (PEG-Asc vs. SPS-Mg, 92.4 vs. 93.8%, P = 0.520). There was no detectable difference between PEG-Asc and SPS-Mg in the quality of cleansing with a good or very good preparation being reported by the endoscopist in 46.9 and 54.5% of cases, respectively (P = 0.242). CONCLUSIONS More patients find PEG-Asc to taste unpleasant and to be a more distressing preparation than SPS-Mg. However, there was no detectable difference between PEG-Asc and SPS-Mg in bowel cleansing prior to colonoscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Sahebally
- Department of Surgery, St Columcille's Hospital, Loughlinstown, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - J P Burke
- Department of Surgery, St Columcille's Hospital, Loughlinstown, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - S Chu
- Department of Surgery, St Columcille's Hospital, Loughlinstown, Dublin, Ireland
| | - O Mabadeje
- Department of Surgery, St Columcille's Hospital, Loughlinstown, Dublin, Ireland
| | - J Geoghegan
- Department of Surgery, St Columcille's Hospital, Loughlinstown, Dublin, Ireland
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Lee K, Patel S, Hayashibara K, Chu S, Gillis A, Rijlaarsdam M, Dorssers L, Looijenga L. 699: MicroRNA profiling in serum samples from donors with germ cell cancer. Eur J Cancer 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(14)50617-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Degoricija L, Lee K, Patel S, Chu S, Gillis A, Rijlaarsdam M, Dorssers L, Looijenga L. 703: Whole transcriptome analysis of testicular germ cell tumors. Eur J Cancer 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(14)50621-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Wang HX, Chu S, Li J, Lai WN, Wang HX, Wu XJ, Kang X, Qiu YR. Increased IL-17 and IL-21 producing TCRαβ+CD4−CD8− T cells in Chinese systemic lupus erythematosus patients. Lupus 2014; 23:643-54. [PMID: 24554709 DOI: 10.1177/0961203314524467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Background: Increased numbers of TCRαβ+CD4−CD8− T cells in the peripheral blood of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients in the United States and United Kingdom have been reported. However, the proportions of TCRαβ+CD4−CD8− T cells and their involvement in the pathogenesis of SLE in Chinese populations are yet to be determined. Methods: A total of 120 SLE patients, 38 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and 43 normal control subjects were examined. The proportion of TCRαβ+CD4−CD8− T cells in the peripheral blood, Fas expression on these cells, and intracellular cytokine levels in these cells were assessed using flow cytometry. Plasma cytokine concentrations were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: The percentages of TCRαβ+CD4−CD8− T cells were increased in Chinese SLE patients, particularly in active SLE patients, correlated with decreased Fas expression on these cells. IL-17 and IL-21 levels in the blood and in TCRαβ+CD4−CD8− T cells from SLE patients were increased. Moreover, a positive correlation was evident between IL-17- and IL-21-producing TCRαβ+CD4−CD8− T cells. Conclusions: Increased TCRαβ+CD4−CD8− T cells expressing inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-17 and IL-21, may be implicated in the pathogenesis of SLE in patients. Appropriate IL-17- and/or IL-21 blockage may be utilized as a novel immunotherapeutic strategy for SLE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-X Wang
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - S Chu
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - J Li
- Department of Rheumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - W-N Lai
- Department of Rheumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - H-X Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanyang Center Hospital, Henan, China
| | - X-J Wu
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - X Kang
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Y-R Qiu
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
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Chung S, Chu S, Huang Y. The association between sleep and body weight changes from birth to 3 years. Sleep Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2013.11.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Kyoung M, Srivastava A, Zhang Y, Diao J, Vrljic M, Grob P, Nogales E, Chu S, Brunger A. Molecular mechanism of calcium-triggered vesicle fusion. Toxicon 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2012.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Niedzwiecki M, Zhu H, Corson L, Grunig G, Factor PH, Chu S, Jiang H, Miller RL. Prenatal exposure to allergen, DNA methylation, and allergy in grandoffspring mice. Allergy 2012; 67:904-10. [PMID: 22583153 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2012.02841.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal allergen exposure has been linked to both induction and protection of allergic sensitization in offspring. We hypothesized that prenatal exposure of mice (F0) to Aspergillus fumigatus (A. fumigatus) would be associated with decreased immunoglobulin (Ig) E and airway eosinophilia and alterations in CpG methylation of T-helper genes in third-generation mice (F2). METHODS Female BALB/c mice were sensitized to A. fumigatus (62.5, 125, 1250 μg, or saline) and re-exposed to the same dose on days 7 and 14 (early) or days 12 and 17 (late) gestation. Grandoffspring were treated with A. fumigatus (62.5 μg) at 9 weeks. IgE, IgG(1) , and IgG(2a) levels and cell counts from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were determined. Lung DNA was pyrosequenced at multiple sites in the interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-4 promoters. RESULTS Grandoffspring of mothers dosed with 1250 μg early during pregnancy developed increased airway eosinophilia (P < 0.05). Grandoffspring of mothers dosed late in pregnancy developed lower IgE (P < 0.05) and airway eosinophilia (P < 0.05). Grandoffspring of mothers dosed early had lower methylation at IL-4 CpG(-408) and CpG(-393) compared to late dosed mice (P < 0.005 across all doses). Few correlations were found between methylation levels and airway eosinophilia and IgE. CONCLUSION Prenatal exposure to A. fumigatus late during pregnancy, but not early, was associated with lower IgE and airway eosinophilia in grandoffspring. Prenatal exposure to A. fumigatus was associated with changes in CpG methylation in the IFN-γ and IL-4 promoters that did not correlate consistently with indicators of allergic sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Niedzwiecki
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences; Mailman School of Public Health; Columbia University; New York; NY; USA
| | - H. Zhu
- Division of Pulmonary; Allergy and Critical Care Medicine; Department of Medicine; Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons; New York; NY; USA
| | - L. Corson
- Division of Pulmonary; Allergy and Critical Care Medicine; Department of Medicine; Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons; New York; NY; USA
| | - G. Grunig
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences; New York University; Tuxedo; NY; USA
| | - P. H. Factor
- Division of Pulmonary; Critical Care and Sleep Medicine; Department of Medicine; Beth Israel Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine; New York; NY; USA
| | - S. Chu
- Division of Pulmonary; Allergy and Critical Care Medicine; Department of Medicine; Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons; New York; NY; USA
| | - H. Jiang
- Division of Pulmonary; Allergy and Critical Care Medicine; Department of Medicine; Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons; New York; NY; USA
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Pan ZH, Fedorov AV, Gardner D, Lee YS, Chu S, Valla T. Measurement of an exceptionally weak electron-phonon coupling on the surface of the topological insulator Bi2Se3 using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 108:187001. [PMID: 22681106 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.187001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2011] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Gapless surface states on topological insulators are protected from elastic scattering on nonmagnetic impurities which makes them promising candidates for low-power electronic applications. However, for widespread applications, these states should have to remain coherent at ambient temperatures. Here, we studied temperature dependence of the electronic structure and the scattering rates on the surface of a model topological insulator, Bi2Se3, by high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. We found an extremely weak broadening of the topological surface state with temperature and no anomalies in the state's dispersion, indicating exceptionally weak electron-phonon coupling. Our results demonstrate that the topological surface state is protected not only from elastic scattering on impurities, but also from scattering on low-energy phonons, suggesting that topological insulators could serve as a basis for room-temperature electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z-H Pan
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
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Valla T, Pan ZH, Gardner D, Lee YS, Chu S. Photoemission spectroscopy of magnetic and nonmagnetic impurities on the surface of the Bi2Se3 topological insulator. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 108:117601. [PMID: 22540510 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.117601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Dirac-like surface states on surfaces of topological insulators have a chiral spin structure that suppresses backscattering and protects the coherence of these states in the presence of nonmagnetic scatterers. In contrast, magnetic scatterers should open the backscattering channel via the spin-flip processes and degrade the state's coherence. We present angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy studies of the electronic structure and the scattering rates upon the adsorption of various magnetic and nonmagnetic impurities on the surface of Bi2Se3, a model topological insulator. We reveal a remarkable insensitivity of the topological surface state to both nonmagnetic and magnetic impurities in the low impurity concentration regime. Scattering channels open up with the emergence of hexagonal warping in the high-doping regime, irrespective of the impurity's magnetic moment.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Valla
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.
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Sorrell A, Espenschied C, Wang W, Weitzel J, Chu S, Parker P, Saldivar S, Bhatia R. Hereditary leukemia due to rare RUNX1c splice variant (L472X) presents with eczematous phenotype. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 3. [PMID: 24353905 DOI: 10.4236/ijcm.2012.37110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Deleterious mutations in the RUNX1 gene cause hereditary leukemia due to a rare syndrome called Familial platelet Disorder with Associated Myeloid Malignancy (FPDMM). We describe the characteristics of a family with FPDMM due to a novel RUNX1 mutation (L472X), located in the most 3-prime end of the gene reported to date. Our 36-year old proband presented with incidentally detected thrombocytopenia and a family history suggestive of FPDMM. Contrary to previously described families, affected members of our kindred express an eczematous phenotype, reportedly most severe in members who develop leukemia. Pedigree analysis shows that the L472X mutation tracks with thrombocytopenia, acute leukemia, and eczema. The L472X mutation produces a stably expressed RUNX1 protein product with a corresponding decrease in wild type RUNX1 expression. Our data supports the inclusion of eczema in the FPDMM phenotype and suggests the possibility that the RUNX1 L472X mutant causes the type of dominant negative affect that is associated with an elevated risk of leukemia in FPDMM families.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sorrell
- Department of Pediatrics, City Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA ; Division of Clinical Cancer Genetics, City Hope National Medical Center, Duarte; CA
| | - C Espenschied
- Division of Clinical Cancer Genetics, City Hope National Medical Center, Duarte; CA
| | - W Wang
- Division of Population Sciences, City Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA
| | - J Weitzel
- Division of Clinical Cancer Genetics, City Hope National Medical Center, Duarte; CA
| | - S Chu
- Division of Hematology and Transplantation, City Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA
| | - P Parker
- Division of Hematology and Transplantation, City Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA
| | - S Saldivar
- Department of Molecular Genetics, City Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA
| | - R Bhatia
- Division of Hematology and Transplantation, City Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA
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Linn YC, Niam M, Chu S, Choong A, Yong HX, Heng KK, Hwang W, Loh Y, Goh YT, Suck G, Chan M, Koh M. The anti-tumour activity of allogeneic cytokine-induced killer cells in patients who relapse after allogeneic transplant for haematological malignancies. Bone Marrow Transplant 2011; 47:957-66. [PMID: 21986635 DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2011.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We performed a Phase I/II clinical trial to study the feasibility, toxicity and efficacy of allogeneic cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cell expansion, and treatment for patients with haematological malignancies who relapsed after allogeneic haemopoietic SCT (allo-HSCT). Allogeneic CIK cells were successfully generated for a total of 24 patients, including those from patients' own leukapheresis products in 5 patients who had no access to further donor cells. The median CD3(+) T-cell expansion was 9.33 (1.3-38.97) fold, and CD3(+)CD56(+) natural killer (NK)-like T-cell expansion was 27.77 (2.59-438.93) fold. A total of 55 infusions were done for 16 patients who had either failed or progressed after initial response to various individualized chemotherapy regimens and donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI), at doses ranging from 10 to 200 million CD3(+) cells/kg. Response attributable to CIK cell infusion was observed in five patients. These included two with ALL, two with Hodgkin's disease (HD) and one with AML, and two of whom had a response sustained for more than 2 years. Acute GVHD occurred in three and was easily treatable. This study provides some evidence suggestive of the efficacy of allogeneic CIK cells even after failure of DLI in some cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-C Linn
- Department of Haematology, Singapore General Hospital, Outram Road, Singapore.
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