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Dalléry R, Saleh Y, Manohar S, Husain M. Persistence of effort in apathy. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2023; 179:1047-1060. [PMID: 37451928 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2023.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The syndrome of apathy has generated increasing interest in recent years as systematic evaluations have revealed its high prevalence and strong negative impact on quality of life across a wide range of neurological and psychiatric conditions. However, although several theoretical models have been proposed to account for various aspects of the condition, understanding of this syndrome is still incomplete. One influential model has proposed that apathy might be described as a quantitative reduction of goal-directed behaviour in comparison to an individual's prior level of functioning. Persistence of activity defined as the capacity to continue with a task - sometimes in the face of setbacks, high levels of difficulty or fatigue - is a crucial but understudied aspect of goal-directed behaviour. Surprisingly, it has not been investigated yet in the context of apathy. Here, we provide an overview of theoretical and experimental aspects of persistence in effort that might assist to develop methods for the investigation of persistence in human behaviour, particularly within the pathologic context of apathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Dalléry
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Université Paris Sorbonne, Paris, France; Service de neurologie, centre de référence maladie de Huntington, hôpital Henri-Mondor-Albert-Chenevier, AP-HP, 94010 Créteil, France.
| | - Y Saleh
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Nuffield Department Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - S Manohar
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
| | - M Husain
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Nuffield Department Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Cake C, Ogburn E, Pinches H, Coleman G, Seymour D, Woodard F, Manohar S, Monsur M, Landray M, Dalton G, Morris AD, Chinnery PF, Hobbs FDR, Butler C. Correction: Development and evaluation of rapid data-enabled access to routine clinical information to enhance early recruitment to the national clinical platform trial of COVID-19 community treatments. Trials 2023; 24:598. [PMID: 37726825 PMCID: PMC10507817 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-023-07606-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Cake
- Health Data Research UK, Wellcome Trust, Gibbs Building, 215 Euston Road, London, NW1 2BE, UK.
| | - Emma Ogburn
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Gibson Building 1St Floor, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Woodstock Road, Oxford, OX2 6GG, UK
| | - Heather Pinches
- NHS DigiTrials, Skipton House, 80 London Rd, Elephant and Castle, London, UK
| | - Garry Coleman
- NHS Digital, Skipton House, 80 London Rd, Elephant and Castle, London, SE1 6LH, UK
| | - David Seymour
- Health Data Research UK, Wellcome Trust, Gibbs Building, 215 Euston Road, London, NW1 2BE, UK
| | - Fran Woodard
- NHS Digital, Skipton House, 80 London Rd, Elephant and Castle, London, SE1 6LH, UK
| | - Sinduja Manohar
- Health Data Research UK, Wellcome Trust, Gibbs Building, 215 Euston Road, London, NW1 2BE, UK
| | - Marjia Monsur
- DHSC, Department for Health and Social Care, 39 Victoria St, Westminster, London, SW1H 0EU, UK
| | - Martin Landray
- HDR UK Oxford, Big Data Institute, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Gaynor Dalton
- NHS Digital, Skipton House, 80 London Rd, Elephant and Castle, London, SE1 6LH, UK
| | - Andrew D Morris
- Health Data Research UK, Wellcome Trust, Gibbs Building, 215 Euston Road, London, NW1 2BE, UK
| | - Patrick F Chinnery
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience & Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - F D Richard Hobbs
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Gibson Building 1St Floor, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Woodstock Road, Oxford, OX2 6GG, UK
| | - Christopher Butler
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Gibson Building 1St Floor, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Woodstock Road, Oxford, OX2 6GG, UK
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3
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Dantuma M, Gasteau D, Manohar S. Photoacoustic spectrum analysis for spherical target size and optical property determination: A feasibility study. Photoacoustics 2023; 32:100534. [PMID: 37545488 PMCID: PMC10400969 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2023.100534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
The photoacoustic signal generated by an optically absorbing target is determined by the spatial profile of absorbed optical energy within the target. The analysis of the time profile and frequency content of the signal enables the recovery of the geometry of the object, as well as information about the optical properties. The photoacoustic response of spheres with a homogeneous absorbed optical energy profile is well described, and it is known that the width of the photoacoustic pulse is determined by the diameter of the sphere and its sound speed. In practice, the optical attenuation coefficients within the sphere will result in an inwardly decaying fluence profile leading to a similarly decaying absorbed optical energy profile. Further, the optical attenuation coefficients may be inhomogeneously distributed in the sphere. The implication for both cases is that the existing model for spheres does not fully apply. In this work, we developed analytical expressions for the photoacoustic time traces and amplitude spectra generated by a sphere with absorbed optical energy only in a spherical shell, and by a sphere with an inwardly decaying optical energy profile. Numerical simulations and experiments were conducted on these two imperfect sphere types. Fitting our model to the simulated or measured spectra allowed us to test our model's ability to extract the sphere size and optical properties. We found that the radii can be recovered with high accuracy, even when the frequency response of the detector recording the photoacoustic pulse is not precisely known. The model was found to be less sensitive in recovering the optical attenuation coefficient, but it is feasible when the detector's frequency response is well known.
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Sahu P, Ali SKM, Shenoy KT, Arvind A, Banerjee D, Kumar S, Manohar S, Bhatt K. Understanding the correlation of microscopic structure and macroscopic properties of multi-component glass through atomistic simulations. J CHEM SCI 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-023-02143-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
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Ganapathi S, Palmer J, Alderman JE, Calvert M, Espinoza C, Gath J, Ghassemi M, Heller K, Mckay F, Karthikesalingam A, Kuku S, Mackintosh M, Manohar S, Mateen BA, Matin R, McCradden M, Oakden-Rayner L, Ordish J, Pearson R, Pfohl SR, Rostamzadeh N, Sapey E, Sebire N, Sounderajah V, Summers C, Treanor D, Denniston AK, Liu X. Tackling bias in AI health datasets through the STANDING Together initiative. Nat Med 2022; 28:2232-2233. [PMID: 36163296 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-022-01987-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaswath Ganapathi
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jo Palmer
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Joseph E Alderman
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.,Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Melanie Calvert
- Birmingham Health Partners Centre for Regulatory Science and Innovation, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Centre for Patient Reported Outcome Research, Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,NIHR Applied Research Collaborative West Midlands University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Jacqui Gath
- Patient Partner, Birmingham, UK.,Patient Partner, Sheffield, UK
| | - Marzyeh Ghassemi
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science; Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Francis Mckay
- The Ethox Centre and the Wellcome Centre for Ethics and Humanities, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Stephanie Kuku
- Institute of Women's Health, University College London, London, UK.,Hardian Health, London, UK
| | | | | | - Bilal A Mateen
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK.,The Wellcome Trust, London, UK
| | - Rubeta Matin
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Melissa McCradden
- Department of Bioethics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lauren Oakden-Rayner
- Australian Institute for Machine Learning, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Johan Ordish
- Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, London, UK
| | - Russell Pearson
- Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, London, UK
| | | | | | - Elizabeth Sapey
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.,Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Neil Sebire
- Health Data Research, London, UK.,Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - Viknesh Sounderajah
- Institute of Global Health Innovation, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Charlotte Summers
- Wolfson Lung Injury Unit, Heart and Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambrdige, UK.,Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Darren Treanor
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK.,University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.,Department of Clinical Pathology, and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Alastair K Denniston
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.,Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Birmingham Health Partners Centre for Regulatory Science and Innovation, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Health Data Research, London, UK
| | - Xiaoxuan Liu
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK. .,Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK. .,Birmingham Health Partners Centre for Regulatory Science and Innovation, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
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Thompson D, Nagel J, Gasteau D, Manohar S. Laser-induced ultrasound transmitters for large-volume ultrasound tomography. Photoacoustics 2022; 25:100312. [PMID: 34868873 PMCID: PMC8626690 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2021.100312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We present a protocol for the design, fabrication and characterisation of laser-induced ultrasound transmitters with a specific, user-defined frequency response for the purpose of ultrasound tomography of large-volume biomedical samples. Using an analytic solution to the photoacoustic equation and measurements of the optical and acoustic properties of the materials used in the transmitters, we arrive at a required mixture of carbon black and polydimethylsiloxane to achieve the desired frequency response. After an in-depth explanation of the fabrication and characterisation approaches we show the performance of the fabricated transmitter, which has a centre frequency of 0.9 MHz, 200% bandwidth and 45.8 ∘ opening angle, multi-kPa pressures over a large depth range in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Thompson
- Correspondence to: University of Twente, Technical Medical centre, Enschede, Netherlands.
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Cake C, Ogburn E, Pinches H, Coleman G, Seymour D, Woodard F, Manohar S, Monsur M, Landray M, Dalton G, Morris AD, Chinnery PF, Hobbs FDR, Butler C. Development and evaluation of rapid data-enabled access to routine clinical information to enhance early recruitment to the national clinical platform trial of COVID-19 community treatments. Trials 2022; 23:62. [PMID: 35057841 PMCID: PMC8771189 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-021-05965-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has presented unique challenges for rapidly designing, initiating, and delivering therapeutic clinical trials. PRINCIPLE (Platform Randomised Trial of Treatments in the Community for Epidemic and Pandemic Illnesses) is the UK national platform investigating repurposed therapies for COVID-19 treatment of older people in the community at high risk of complications. Standard methods of patient recruitment were failing to meet the required pace and scale of enrolment. This paper describes the development and appraisal of a near real-time, data-driven, ethical approach for enhancing recruitment in community care by contacting people with a recent COVID-19 positive test result from the central NHS Test and Trace service within approximately 24-48 h of their test result. METHODS A multi-disciplinary team was formed to solve the technical, ethical, public perception, logistical and information governance issues required to provide a near-real time (approximately within 24-48 h of receiving a positive test) feed of potential trial participants from test result data to the research team. PRINCIPLE was also given unique access to the Summary Care Record (SCR) to ensure safe prescribing, and to enable the trial team to quickly and safely bring consented patients into the trial. A survey of the public was used to understand public perceptions of the use of test data for this proposed methodology. RESULTS Prior to establishing the data service, PRINCIPLE registered on average 87 participants per week. This increased by up to 87 additional people registered per week from the test data, contributing to an increase from 1013 recruits to PRINCIPLE at the start of October 2020 to 2802 recruits by 20 December 2020. Whilst procedural caveats were identified by the public consultation, out of 2639 people contacted by PRINCIPLE following a positive test result, no one raised a concern about being approached. CONCLUSIONS This paper describes a novel approach to using near-real time NHS operational data to recruit community-based patients within a few days of presentation with acute illness. This approach increased recruitment and reduced time between positive test and randomisation, allowing more rapid evaluation of treatments and increased safety for participants. End-to-end public and patient involvement in the design of the approach provided evidence to inform information governance decisions. TRIAL REGISTRATION PRINCIPLE is funded by UK Research and Innovation and the Department of Health and Social Care through the National Institute for Health Research. EudraCT number: 2020-001209-22 . 26/03/2020 ISRCTN registry: ISRCTN86534580 . 20/03/2020 REC number: 20/SC/058 IRAS number: 281958.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Cake
- Health Data Research UK, Wellcome Trust, Gibbs Building, 215 Euston Road, London, NW1 2BE UK
| | - Emma Ogburn
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Gibson Building 1st Floor, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Woodstock Road, Oxford, OX2 6GG UK
| | - Heather Pinches
- NHS DigiTrials, Skipton House, 80 London Rd, Elephant and Castle, London, UK
| | - Garry Coleman
- NHS Digital, Skipton House, 80 London Rd, Elephant and Castle, London, SE1 6LH UK
| | - David Seymour
- Health Data Research UK, Wellcome Trust, Gibbs Building, 215 Euston Road, London, NW1 2BE UK
| | - Fran Woodard
- NHS Digital, Skipton House, 80 London Rd, Elephant and Castle, London, SE1 6LH UK
| | - Sinduja Manohar
- Health Data Research UK, Wellcome Trust, Gibbs Building, 215 Euston Road, London, NW1 2BE UK
| | - Marjia Monsur
- DHSC, Department for Health and Social Care, 39 Victoria St, Westminster, London, SW1H 0EU UK
| | - Martin Landray
- HDR UK Oxford, Big Data Institute, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF UK
| | - Gaynor Dalton
- NHS Digital, Skipton House, 80 London Rd, Elephant and Castle, London, SE1 6LH UK
| | - Andrew D. Morris
- Health Data Research UK, Wellcome Trust, Gibbs Building, 215 Euston Road, London, NW1 2BE UK
| | - Patrick F. Chinnery
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience & Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ UK
| | - UK COVID-19 National Core Studies Consortium
- Health Data Research UK, Wellcome Trust, Gibbs Building, 215 Euston Road, London, NW1 2BE UK
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Gibson Building 1st Floor, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Woodstock Road, Oxford, OX2 6GG UK
- NHS DigiTrials, Skipton House, 80 London Rd, Elephant and Castle, London, UK
- NHS Digital, Skipton House, 80 London Rd, Elephant and Castle, London, SE1 6LH UK
- DHSC, Department for Health and Social Care, 39 Victoria St, Westminster, London, SW1H 0EU UK
- HDR UK Oxford, Big Data Institute, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF UK
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience & Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ UK
| | - F. D. Richard Hobbs
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Gibson Building 1st Floor, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Woodstock Road, Oxford, OX2 6GG UK
| | - Christopher Butler
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Gibson Building 1st Floor, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Woodstock Road, Oxford, OX2 6GG UK
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Banerjee A, Pasea L, Manohar S, Lai AG, Hemingway E, Sofer I, Katsoulis M, Sood H, Morris A, Cake C, Fitzpatrick NK, Williams B, Denaxas S, Hemingway H. 'What is the risk to me from COVID-19?': Public involvement in providing mortality risk information for people with 'high-risk' conditions for COVID-19 (OurRisk.CoV). Clin Med (Lond) 2021; 21:e620-e628. [PMID: 34862222 DOI: 10.7861/clinmed.2021-0386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Patients and public have sought mortality risk information throughout the pandemic, but their needs may not be served by current risk prediction tools. Our mixed methods study involved: (1) systematic review of published risk tools for prognosis, (2) provision and patient testing of new mortality risk estimates for people with high-risk conditions and (3) iterative patient and public involvement and engagement with qualitative analysis. Only one of 53 (2%) previously published risk tools involved patients or the public, while 11/53 (21%) had publicly accessible portals, but all for use by clinicians and researchers.Among people with a wide range of underlying conditions, there has been sustained interest and engagement in accessible and tailored, pre- and postpandemic mortality information. Informed by patient feedback, we provide such information in 'five clicks' (https://covid19-phenomics.org/OurRiskCoV.html), as context for decision making and discussions with health professionals and family members. Further development requires curation and regular updating of NHS data and wider patient and public engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amitava Banerjee
- University College London, London, UK, honorary consultant cardiologist, University College London Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK, and honorary consultant cardiologist, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | | | | | - Alvina G Lai
- University College London, London, UK, and associate, Health Data Research UK, London, UK
| | | | | | | | - Harpreet Sood
- Health Education England, London, UK, and general practitioner, Hurley Group Practice, London, UK
| | | | | | - Natalie K Fitzpatrick
- University College London, London, UK, and associate, Health Data Research UK, London, UK
| | - Bryan Williams
- University College London Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK, professor of medicine, University College London, London, UK, and director, UCL Hospitals NIHR Biomedical Research Centre
| | - Spiros Denaxas
- University College London, London, UK, associate, Health Data Research UK, and research fellow, Alan Turing Institute, London, UK
| | - Harry Hemingway
- University College London, London, UK, research director, Health Data Research UK, London, UK, and director of healthcare informatics, genomics/omics, data science, UCL Hospitals NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
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Boers T, Braak SJ, Versluis M, Manohar S. Matrix 3D ultrasound-assisted thyroid nodule volume estimation and radiofrequency ablation: a phantom study. Eur Radiol Exp 2021; 5:31. [PMID: 34322765 PMCID: PMC8319281 DOI: 10.1186/s41747-021-00230-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Two-dimensional (2D) ultrasound is well established for thyroid nodule assessment and treatment guidance. However, it is hampered by a limited field of view and observer variability that may lead to inaccurate nodule classification and treatment. To cope with these limitations, we investigated the use of real-time three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound to improve the accuracy of volume estimation and needle placement during radiofrequency ablation. We assess a new 3D matrix transducer for nodule volume estimation and image-guided radiofrequency ablation. Methods Thirty thyroid nodule phantoms with thermochromic dye underwent volume estimation and ablation guided by a 2D linear and 3D mechanically-swept array and a 3D matrix transducer. Results The 3D matrix nodule volume estimations had a lower median difference with the ground truth (0.4 mL) compared to the standard 2D approach (2.2 mL, p < 0.001) and mechanically swept 3D transducer (2.0 mL, p = 0.016). The 3D matrix-guided ablation resulted in a similar nodule ablation coverage when compared to 2D-guidance (76.7% versus 80.8%, p = 0.542). The 3D mechanically swept transducer performed worse (60.1%, p = 0.015). However, 3D matrix and 2D guidance ablations lead to a larger ablated volume outside the nodule than 3D mechanically swept (5.1 mL, 4.2 mL (p = 0.274), 0.5 mL (p < 0.001), respectively). The 3D matrix and mechanically swept approaches were faster with 80 and 72.5 s/mL ablated than 2D with 105.5 s/mL ablated. Conclusions The 3D matrix transducer estimates volumes more accurately and can facilitate accurate needle placement while reducing procedure time.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Boers
- Multi-Modality Medical Imaging group, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - S J Braak
- Department of Radiology, Ziekenhuis Groep Twente, Almelo, The Netherlands
| | - M Versluis
- Physics of Fluids group, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - S Manohar
- Multi-Modality Medical Imaging group, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
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Omidbakhsh N, Manohar S, Vu R, Nowruzi K. Flexible gastrointestinal endoscope processing challenges, current issues and future perspectives. J Hosp Infect 2021; 110:133-138. [PMID: 33549767 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2021.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND At present, the most frequent method for processing flexible gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopes is cleaning followed by high-level disinfection as terminal sterilization is often not practicable. Post-processing monitoring studies consistently show high levels of positive cultures remaining on endoscopes, which can lead to patient infection and even fatality. The processing deficiency is attributed to the complex design of endoscopes, incomplete cleaning, formation of biofilms and lack of margin of safety with high-level disinfection. OBJECTIVE To demonstrate that flexible GI endoscopes can be practicably terminally sterilized. METHODS An endoscope sterilization cycle was developed in a vaporized hydrogen peroxide sterilization system. The cycle was used to study the sterilization of flexible GI endoscopes which included colonoscopes and duodenoscope and material compatibility for both original flexible GI endoscopes and those experimentally modified endoscopes using compatible materials. RESULTS Testing demonstrated that the vaporized hydrogen peroxide can sterilize flexible GI endoscopes (colonoscopes, duodenoscope) with a sterility assurance level of 10-6. Additionally, no recoverable survivors were detected when devices were artificially soiled with hard water and serum. Material compatibility test results demonstrated that replacing molybdenum disulphide lubricant with a graphite-based inert lubricant can make them compatible with vaporized hydrogen peroxide sterilizers. CONCLUSION Flexible GI endoscopes can be practicably terminally sterilized using vaporized hydrogen peroxide sterilization technologies if their materials are revised to become compatible.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Omidbakhsh
- Research & Development Department, Advanced Sterilization Products, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | - S Manohar
- Research & Development Department, Advanced Sterilization Products, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - R Vu
- Research & Development Department, Advanced Sterilization Products, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - K Nowruzi
- Research & Development Department, Advanced Sterilization Products, Irvine, CA, USA
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11
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Khan PN, Bhattacharyya A, Sharma JN, Manohar S. The recovery of strontium from acidic medium using novel strontium selective extractant: An experimental and DFT study. J Hazard Mater 2020; 397:122476. [PMID: 32416382 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In view of the limited solvent system known for the Sr2+ extraction from acidic media, extraction and recovery of 90Sr from acidic medium using novel Octabenzyloxyoctakis[[[(N,N-diethylamino)carbonyl)]methyl]oxy]calix[8]arene (BOC8A) extractant in nitro alkane medium are presented in this paper. BOC8A and nitro alkanes have been synthesized and characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FTIR and GC-MS techniques. Solvent composition of 0.01 M BOC8A in nitro octane (NO) has been optimized for substantial amount of extraction of strontium from feed acidity of 3.5-4 M nitric acid, (D3.5-4 M HNO3 = 7.1-7.8). Poor extraction of Pu4+, Ba2+, Na+ and UO22+ and negligible extraction of Am3+, Cs+, Ru3+, Nd3+, Zr2+ and trivalent lanthanides are observed. Ion dissociation mechanism was found to be operative involving an extractable complex having Sr2+, BOC8A and HNO3 in a ratio of 1:1:2. About 99 % of Sr2+ from the loaded solvent was recovered with 0.01 M HNO3. DFT calculations were used to predict the structures of free, protonated BOC8A and its complex with Sr2+. DFT result showed reorientation in conformation of BOC8A due to protonation resulting in the Sr2+ extraction from acidic medium with significantly high interaction energy between Sr2+ and diprotonated form of BOC8A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasupati Nath Khan
- Nuclear Recycle Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - A Bhattacharyya
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India; Radio Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India.
| | - J N Sharma
- G&AMD, Materials Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - S Manohar
- Nuclear Recycle Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
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Siesling S, Voets M, Groothuis K, Veneklaas L, Manohar S, Brinkhuis M, Veltman J, de Munck L, de Geus-Oei L, Broeders M. Diagnostic work-up in women suspect for breast cancer in the Netherlands. Eur J Cancer 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(20)30767-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Pahan S, Sengupta A, Yadav AK, Jha SN, Bhattacharyya D, Musharaf Ali S, Khan PN, Debnath AK, Banerjee D, Vincent T, Manohar S, Kaushik CP. Exploring functionalized titania for task specific application of efficient separation of trivalent f-block elements. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj01014f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Functionalized titania, obtained by grafting the dipicolinic acid functionality, was explored for task specific application of highly efficient separation of trivalent f-block elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Pahan
- Process Development Division
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
- India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute
- India
| | - Arijit Sengupta
- Homi Bhabha National Institute
- India
- Radiochemistry Division
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
- India
| | - A. K. Yadav
- Atomic and Molecular Physics Division
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
- India
| | - S. N. Jha
- Atomic and Molecular Physics Division
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
- India
| | - D. Bhattacharyya
- Atomic and Molecular Physics Division
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
- India
| | | | - P. N. Khan
- Process Development Division
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
- India
| | - A. K. Debnath
- Technical Physics Division
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
- India
| | - D. Banerjee
- Process Development Division
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
- India
| | - T. Vincent
- Process Development Division
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
- India
| | - S. Manohar
- Process Development Division
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
- India
| | - C. P. Kaushik
- Homi Bhabha National Institute
- India
- Nuclear Recycle Group
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
- India
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Manohar S, Ramchander PV, Salvi R, Seigel GM. Synaptic Reorganization Response in the Cochlear Nucleus Following Intense Noise Exposure. Neuroscience 2018; 399:184-198. [PMID: 30593923 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The cochlear nucleus, located in the brainstem, receives its afferent auditory input exclusively from the auditory nerve fibers of the ipsilateral cochlea. Noise-induced neurodegenerative changes occurring in the auditory nerve stimulate a cascade of neuroplastic changes in the cochlear nucleus resulting in major changes in synaptic structure and function. To identify some of the key molecular mechanisms mediating this synaptic reorganization, we unilaterally exposed rats to a high-intensity noise that caused significant hearing loss and then measured the resulting changes in a synaptic plasticity gene array targeting neurogenesis and synaptic reorganization. We compared the gene expression patterns in the dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) and ventral cochlear nucleus (VCN) on the noise-exposed side versus the unexposed side using a PCR gene array at 2 d (early) and 28 d (late) post-exposure. We discovered a number of differentially expressed genes, particularly those related to synaptogenesis and regeneration. Significant gene expression changes occurred more frequently in the VCN than the DCN and more changes were seen at 28 d versus 2 d post-exposure. We confirmed the PCR findings by in situ hybridization for Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf), Homer-1, as well as the glutamate NMDA receptor Grin1, all involved in neurogenesis and plasticity. These results suggest that Bdnf, Homer-1 and Grin1 play important roles in synaptic remodeling and homeostasis in the cochlear nucleus following severe noise-induced afferent degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Manohar
- University at Buffalo, Center for Hearing and Deafness, 3435 Main Street, Cary 137, Buffalo, NY 14214, United States
| | - P V Ramchander
- University at Buffalo, Center for Hearing and Deafness, 3435 Main Street, Cary 137, Buffalo, NY 14214, United States
| | - R Salvi
- University at Buffalo, Center for Hearing and Deafness, 3435 Main Street, Cary 137, Buffalo, NY 14214, United States.
| | - G M Seigel
- University at Buffalo, Center for Hearing and Deafness, 3435 Main Street, Cary 137, Buffalo, NY 14214, United States
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16
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Seigel GM, Manohar S, Bai YY, Ding D, Salvi R. An immortalized microglial cell line (Mocha) derived from rat cochlea. Mol Cell Neurosci 2017; 85:202-210. [PMID: 29109020 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia are glial-immune cells that are essential for the function and survival of the central nervous system. Microglia not only protect neural tissues from immunological insults, but also play a critical role in neural development and repair. However, little is known about the biology of microglia in the cochlea, the auditory portion of the inner ear. In this study, we detected TMEM119+, CD11b+, CD45+ and Iba1+ populations of cells in the rat cochlea, particularly in Rosenthal's canal, inner sulcus and stria vascularis. Next, we isolated and enriched the population of CD11b+ cells from the cochlea and immortalized these cells with the 12S E1A gene of adenovirus in a replication-incompetent retroviral vector to derive a novel microglial cell line, designated Mocha (microglia of the cochlea). The resulting Mocha cells express a number of markers consistent with microglia and respond to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation by upregulation of genes (Cox2, ICAM-1, Il6r, Ccl2, Il13Ra and Il15Ra) as well as releasing cytokines (IL-1beta, IL-12, IL-13 and RANTES). As evidence of microglial function, Mocha cells phagocytose fluorescent beads at 37°C, but not at 4°C. The expression pattern of microglial markers in Mocha cells suggests that immortalization leads to a more primitive phenotype, a common phenomenon in immortalized cell lines. In summary, Mocha cells display key characteristics of microglia and are now available as a useful model system for the study of cochlear microglial behavior, both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Seigel
- University at Buffalo, Center For Hearing & Deafness, 3435 Main Street, Cary 137, Buffalo, NY 14214, United States.
| | - S Manohar
- University at Buffalo, Center For Hearing & Deafness, 3435 Main Street, Cary 137, Buffalo, NY 14214, United States.
| | - Y Y Bai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - D Ding
- University at Buffalo, Center For Hearing & Deafness, 3435 Main Street, Cary 137, Buffalo, NY 14214, United States.
| | - R Salvi
- University at Buffalo, Center For Hearing & Deafness, 3435 Main Street, Cary 137, Buffalo, NY 14214, United States; Department of Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Manohar S, Sathick I, Grande J, El-Zoghby Z, Leung N. An Unusual Case of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cell Infiltration of the Renal Allograft: A Case Report and Review of Literature. Transplant Proc 2017; 49:1578-1582. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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18
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Sadnicka A, Daum C, Cordivari C, Bhatia KP, Rothwell JC, Manohar S, Edwards MJ. Mind the gap: temporal discrimination and dystonia. Eur J Neurol 2017; 24:796-806. [PMID: 28544409 DOI: 10.1111/ene.13293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE One of the most widely studied perceptual measures of sensory dysfunction in dystonia is the temporal discrimination threshold (TDT) (the shortest interval at which subjects can perceive that there are two stimuli rather than one). However the elevated thresholds described may be due to a number of potential mechanisms as current paradigms test not only temporal discrimination but also extraneous sensory and decision-making parameters. In this study two paradigms designed to better quantify temporal processing are presented and a decision-making model is used to assess the influence of decision strategy. METHODS 22 patients with cervical dystonia and 22 age-matched controls completed two tasks (i) temporal resolution (a randomized, automated version of existing TDT paradigms) and (ii) interval discrimination (rating the length of two consecutive intervals). RESULTS In the temporal resolution task patients had delayed (P = 0.021) and more variable (P = 0.013) response times but equivalent discrimination thresholds. Modelling these effects suggested this was due to an increased perceptual decision boundary in dystonia with patients requiring greater evidence before committing to decisions (P = 0.020). Patient performance on the interval discrimination task was normal. CONCLUSIONS Our work suggests that previously observed abnormalities in TDT may not be due to a selective sensory deficit of temporal processing as decision-making itself is abnormal in cervical dystonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sadnicka
- Sobell Department for Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - C Daum
- Sobell Department for Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - C Cordivari
- Sobell Department for Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - K P Bhatia
- Sobell Department for Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - J C Rothwell
- Sobell Department for Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - S Manohar
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - M J Edwards
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences, St George's University, London, UK
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Biswas SK, van Es P, Steenbergen W, Manohar S. A Method for Delineation of Bone Surfaces in Photoacoustic Computed Tomography of the Finger. Ultrason Imaging 2016; 38:63-76. [PMID: 26048066 DOI: 10.1177/0161734615589288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Photoacoustic (PA) imaging of interphalangeal peripheral joints is of interest in the context of using the synovial membrane as a surrogate marker of rheumatoid arthritis. Previous work has shown that ultrasound (US) produced by absorption of light at the epidermis reflects on the bone surfaces within the finger. When the reflected signals are backprojected in the region of interest, artifacts are produced, confounding interpretation of the images. In this work, we present an approach where the PA signals known to originate from the epidermis are treated as virtual US transmitters, and a separate reconstruction is performed as in US reflection imaging. This allows us to identify the bone surfaces. Furthermore, the identification of the joint space is important as this provides a landmark to localize a region-of-interest in seeking the inflamed synovial membrane. The ability to delineate bone surfaces allows us to identify not only the artifacts but also the interphalangeal joint space without recourse to new US hardware or a new measurement. We test the approach on phantoms and on a healthy human finger.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Biswas
- Biomedical Photonic Imaging, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands Department of Instrumentation and Applied Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - P van Es
- Biomedical Photonic Imaging, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - W Steenbergen
- Biomedical Photonic Imaging, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - S Manohar
- Biomedical Photonic Imaging, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
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Baizer JS, Wong KM, Manohar S, Hayes SH, Ding D, Dingman R, Salvi RJ. Effects of acoustic trauma on the auditory system of the rat: The role of microglia. Neuroscience 2015; 303:299-311. [PMID: 26162240 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to loud, prolonged sounds (acoustic trauma, AT) leads to the death of both inner and outer hair cells (IHCs and OHCs), death of neurons of the spiral ganglion and degeneration of the auditory nerve. The auditory nerve (8cn) projects to the three subdivisions of the cochlear nuclei (CN), the dorsal cochlear nucleus (DC) and the anterior (VCA) and posterior (VCP) subdivisions of the ventral cochlear nucleus (VCN). There is both anatomical and physiological evidence for plastic reorganization in the denervated CN after AT. Anatomical findings show axonal sprouting and synaptogenesis; physiologically there is an increase in spontaneous activity suggesting reorganization of circuitry. The mechanisms underlying this plasticity are not understood. Recent data suggest that activated microglia may have a role in facilitating plastic reorganization in addition to removing trauma-induced debris. In order to investigate the roles of activated microglia in the CN subsequent to AT we exposed animals to bilateral noise sufficient to cause massive hair cell death. We studied four groups of animals at different survival times: 30 days, 60 days, 6 months and 9 months. We used silver staining to examine the time course and pattern of auditory nerve degeneration, and immunohistochemistry to label activated microglia in the denervated CN. We found both degenerating auditory nerve fibers and activated microglia in the CN at 30 and 60 days and 6 months after AT. There was close geographic overlap between the degenerating fibers and activated microglia, consistent with a scavenger role for activated microglia. At the longest survival time, there were still silver-stained fibers but very little staining of activated microglia in overlapping regions. There were, however, activated microglia in the surrounding brainstem and cerebellar white matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Baizer
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University at Buffalo, United States.
| | - K M Wong
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University at Buffalo, United States
| | - S Manohar
- Center for Hearing and Deafness, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, United States
| | - S H Hayes
- Center for Hearing and Deafness, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, United States
| | - D Ding
- Center for Hearing and Deafness, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, United States
| | - R Dingman
- Center for Hearing and Deafness, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, United States
| | - R J Salvi
- Center for Hearing and Deafness, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, United States
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Fitch C, Manohar S, Shrestha R, Klemm R, West K. Is Diversity in Agricultural Production Linked to Dietary Diversity Among Nepalese Women? FASEB J 2015. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.585.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Fitch
- Ctr for Human Nutrition, Int'l HealthJohns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Public HealthBaltimoreMarylandUnited States
| | - S Manohar
- Ctr for Human Nutrition, Int'l HealthJohns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Public HealthBaltimoreMarylandUnited States
| | - R Shrestha
- Ctr for Human Nutrition, Int'l HealthJohns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Public HealthBaltimoreMarylandUnited States
| | - R Klemm
- Ctr for Human Nutrition, Int'l HealthJohns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Public HealthBaltimoreMarylandUnited States
| | - K West
- Ctr for Human Nutrition, Int'l HealthJohns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Public HealthBaltimoreMarylandUnited States
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Biehl E, Manohar S, Rajbhandary R, Shrestha R, Klemm R, West K. Does Amount and Kind of Food Bought by a Household Vary by Indices of Wealth in Nepal? FASEB J 2015. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.585.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E Biehl
- Ctr Human Nutrition, Dept Int'l HealthJohns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Public HealthBaltMDUnited States
| | - S Manohar
- Ctr Human Nutrition, Dept Int'l HealthJohns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Public HealthBaltMDUnited States
| | - R Rajbhandary
- Ctr Human Nutrition, Dept Int'l HealthJohns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Public HealthBaltMDUnited States
| | - R Shrestha
- Ctr Human Nutrition, Dept Int'l HealthJohns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Public HealthBaltMDUnited States
| | - R Klemm
- Ctr Human Nutrition, Dept Int'l HealthJohns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Public HealthBaltMDUnited States
| | - K West
- Ctr Human Nutrition, Dept Int'l HealthJohns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Public HealthBaltMDUnited States
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Hayward C, Patel H, Manohar S, Waton J, Middleton L, Lyon A, Sutton R, Rosen S. 39 * Short time window analysis of heart rate variability during tilt table testing provides insights in to the timing of changes in the autonomic nervous system. Europace 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/euu239.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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25
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Koti BA, Manohar S, Lalitha J. Media Optimization for Depolymerization of Alginate by <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> AG LSL-11. ILNS 2014. [DOI: 10.56431/p-e5z1l4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
An agar degrading bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa AG LSL-11 was acclimatized to alginate for the production of alginase. Production parameters such as pH, temperature, influence of simple carbohydrates and nitrogen sources, and effect of NaCl on growth and alginase production were carried out. Maximum growth was observed at pH 9.0 and 35°C, while alginase was produced optimally at pH 9.0 and 30°C. The alginase produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa AG LSL-11 was inducible by alginate, and repressed by other simple sugar when supplemented along with alginate in the medium. The bacterium did not require NaCl for growth and production of alginase. The activity staining of partially purified culture supernatant after native PAGE revealed the presence of a single alginase.
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26
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Woods CFG, Manohar S, Lindow SW. Obstetric consultant weekend on-call shift patterns have no effect on the management of spontaneous labour in a large maternity hospital. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2014; 33:802-5. [PMID: 24219717 DOI: 10.3109/01443615.2013.813918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent reports observe poorer healthcare outcomes during the weekend. Many attribute this weekend effect to a reduced consultant presence. This study evaluates differences in labour management on weekends vs weekdays. A total of 20,187 deliveries, all resulting from spontaneous labour, in the same large U.K. maternity hospital were examined. Labour management was analysed both for the department as a whole, and separately for each consultant, for differences in weekend and weekday practice. Results showed no statistically significant results of a difference in any of the measures analysed. On a weekend, deliveries were no more likely to be vaginal, p = 0.485, assisted, p = 0.771 or by caesarean section, p = 0.526. There was also no difference between individual consultants. It was concluded that for spontaneous labour, there is no difference in patient management on weekends vs weekdays, either in the department as a whole, or between individual consultants in our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- C F G Woods
- Hull York Medical School, University of Hull
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27
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Abstract
An agar degrading bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa AG LSL-11 was acclimatized to alginate for the production of alginase. Production parameters such as pH, temperature, influence of simple carbohydrates and nitrogen sources, and effect of NaCl on growth and alginase production were carried out. Maximum growth was observed at pH 9.0 and 35°C, while alginase was produced optimally at pH 9.0 and 30°C. The alginase produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa AG LSL-11 was inducible by alginate, and repressed by other simple sugar when supplemented along with alginate in the medium. The bacterium did not require NaCl for growth and production of alginase. The activity staining of partially purified culture supernatant after native PAGE revealed the presence of a single alginase.
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Manohar S, Hanna WC, Shargall Y, Schieman C, Schneider L, John Finley C. F-070 * LESS IS MORE: THE DECREASING RATE OF THORACOTOMY AND PNEUMONECTOMY IN LUNG CANCER SURGERY WITHIN CANADA. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivu167.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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29
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Paolone N, Manohar S, Hayes SH, Wong KM, Salvi RJ, Baizer JS. Dissociation of doublecortin expression and neurogenesis in unipolar brush cells in the vestibulocerebellum and dorsal cochlear nucleus of the adult rat. Neuroscience 2014; 265:323-31. [PMID: 24462608 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown expression of the protein doublecortin (DCX) in unipolar brush cells (UBCs) in the dorsal cochlear nucleus and vestibulocerebellum of the adult rat. We also saw DCX-immunoreactive elements with the appearance of neuroblasts around the fourth ventricle. Expression of DCX is seen in newborn and migrating neurons and hence considered a correlate of neurogenesis. There were two interpretations of the expression of DCX in UBCs. One possibility is that there might be adult neurogenesis of this cell population. Adult neurogenesis is now well-established, but only for the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus and the subventricular zone. The other possibility is that there is prolonged expression of DCX in adult UBCs that may signal a unique role in plasticity of these neurons. We tested the neurogenesis hypothesis by systemic injections of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), a thymidine analog, followed by immunohistochemistry to examine the numbers and locations of dividing cells. We used several different injection paradigms, varying the dose of BrdU, the number of injections and the survival time to assess the possibility of neuronal birth and migration. We saw BrdU-labeled cells in the cerebellum and brainstem; cell division in these regions was confirmed by immunohistochemistry for the protein Ki67. However, neither the numbers nor the distribution of labeled nuclei support the idea of adult neurogenesis and migration of UBCs. The function of DCX expression in UBC's in the adult remains to be understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Paolone
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - S Manohar
- Center for Hearing and Deafness, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - S H Hayes
- Center for Hearing and Deafness, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - K M Wong
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - R J Salvi
- Center for Hearing and Deafness, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - J S Baizer
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA.
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Langhout G, Grootendorst D, Fuchs D, Jose J, Steenbergen W, Manohar S, Ruers T. 447. Demarcation of Melanoma Metastasis in Photoacoustic Spectral Imaging of Human Lymph Nodes. European Journal of Surgical Oncology 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2012.06.406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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31
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Grootendorst D, Fratila R, Visscher M, Haken BT, Velders A, Van Wezel R, Steenbergen W, Manohar S, Ruers T. 374. Photoacoustic Nodal Metastases Detection in a Rat Model Using a Clinical Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticle Dispersion. Eur J Surg Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2012.06.349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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32
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Manohar S, Husain M. Missed rewards capture attention. J Vis 2012. [DOI: 10.1167/12.9.369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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33
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Grootendorst DJ, Jose J, Wouters MW, van Boven H, Van der Hage J, Van Leeuwen TG, Steenbergen W, Manohar S, Ruers TJM. First experiences of photoacoustic imaging for detection of melanoma metastases in resected human lymph nodes. Lasers Surg Med 2012; 44:541-9. [PMID: 22886491 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.22058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Excision and histological assessment of the first draining node (sentinel lymph node) is a frequently used method to assess metastatic lymph node involvement related to cutaneous melanoma. Due to the time required for accurate histological assessment, nodal status is not immediately available to the surgeon. Hence, in case histological examination shows metastases, the patient has to be recalled to perform additional lymphadenectomy. To overcome these drawbacks we studied the applicability of photoacoustic tomographic imaging as an intra-operative modality for examining the status of resected lymph nodes. MATERIALS AND METHODS In melanoma patients undergoing lymphadectomy for metastatic disease, six suspect lymph nodes were photoacoustically (PA) imaged using multiple wavelengths. Histopathologal examination showed three nodes without tumor cells (benign nodes) and three nodes with melanoma cells (malignant nodes). PA images were compared with histology and anatomical features were analyzed. In addition, PA spectral analysis was performed on areas of increased signal intensity. RESULTS After correlation with histopathology, multiple areas containing melanoma cells could be identified in the PA images due to their increased response. Malignant nodes showed a higher PA response and responded differently to an increase in excitation wavelength than benign nodes. In addition, differences in anatomical features between the two groups were detected. CONCLUSIONS Photoacoustic detection of melanoma metastases based on their melanin content proves to be possible in resected human lymph nodes. The amount of PA signal and several specific anatomical features seem to provide additional characteristics for nodal analysis. However, it is as yet preliminary to designate a highly accurate parameter to distinguish between malignant and benign nodes. We expect to improve the specificity of the technique with a future implementation of an adjusted illumination scheme and depth correction for photon fluence.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Grootendorst
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Biomedical Photonic Imaging Group, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology, Technical Medicine, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands.
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Koti BA, Lakshmikanth M, Manohar S, Lalitha J. AQUEOUS TWO-PHASE EXTRACTION FOR THE PURIFICATION OF ALKALINE AGARASES FROM CULTURE EXTRACTS OFPseudomonas aeruginosaAG LSL-11. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2012; 42:364-77. [DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2011.623210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Heijblom M, Piras D, Xia W, van Hespen JCG, Klaase JM, van den Engh FM, van Leeuwen TG, Steenbergen W, Manohar S. Visualizing breast cancer using the Twente photoacoustic mammoscope: what do we learn from twelve new patient measurements? Opt Express 2012; 20:11582-97. [PMID: 22714144 DOI: 10.1364/oe.20.011582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We acquired images of breast malignancies using the Twente photoacoustic mammoscope (PAM), to obtain more information about the clinical feasibility and limitations of photoacoustic mammography. Results were compared with conventional imaging and histopathology. Ten technically acceptable measurements on patients with malignancies and two measurements on patients with cysts were performed. In the reconstructed volumes of all ten malignant lesions, a confined region with high contrast with respect to the background could be seen. In all malignant cases, the PA contrast of the abnormality was higher than the contrast on x-ray mammography. The PA contrast appeared to be independent of the mammographically estimated breast density and was absent in the case of cysts. Technological improvements to the instrument and further studies on less suspicious lesions are planned to further investigate the potential of PAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Heijblom
- Biomedical Photonic Imaging Group, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, PO Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, the Netherlands.
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Aydin B, Manohar S, Messersmith P, Bedran-Russo A. Characterization of collagen-collagen interactions induced by chemical and natural cross-linkers. Dent Mater 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2012.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Heijblom M, Klaase JM, van den Engh FM, van Leeuwen TG, Steenbergen W, Manohar S. Imaging Tumor Vascularization for Detection and Diagnosis of Breast Cancer. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2011; 10:607-23. [DOI: 10.7785/tcrt.2012.500227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. Heijblom
- Biomedical Photonic Imaging Group, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, the Netherlands
- Center for Breast Care, Medisch Spectrum Twente Hospital, P.O. Box 50000, 7500 KA Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - J. M. Klaase
- Center for Breast Care, Medisch Spectrum Twente Hospital, P.O. Box 50000, 7500 KA Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - F. M. van den Engh
- Center for Breast Care, Medisch Spectrum Twente Hospital, P.O. Box 50000, 7500 KA Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - T. G. van Leeuwen
- Biomedical Photonic Imaging Group, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, the Netherlands
- Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 2270, 1100 DE Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - W. Steenbergen
- Biomedical Photonic Imaging Group, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - S. Manohar
- Biomedical Photonic Imaging Group, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, the Netherlands
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Heijblom M, Piras D, Xia W, Hespen JCGV, Van Den Engh F, Klaase JM, Van Leeuwen TG, Steenbergen W, Manohar S. TU-C-220-03: Visualization of Breast Carcinoma Using Photoacoustic Imaging: The Ongoing Twente Experience. Med Phys 2011. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3613163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Sharma S, Rathos M, Manohar S, Joshi K, Badhwar A, Kharas F, Sonawane V, Chaudhuri U, Joshi K. Abstract P6-15-05: A Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor P276 Inhibits Growth of Breast Cancer Cell Lines Including Basal-Type/Triple-Negative Alone and in Combination with Chemotherapeutic Drugs. Cancer Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs10-p6-15-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Development of novel agents and drug combinations are urgently needed for the treatment of breast cancer especially triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). P276 is a potent cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor with excellent antiproliferative activity against various human cancer cell lines. Here, we report the activity of P276, as a single agent and in combination with paclitaxel or gemcitabine/carboplatin in TNBC cell lines.
Material and Methods: In vitro effect of P276 on breast cancer cell lines was determined by cytotoxicity assay, flow cytometry, western blotting and immunofluorescence studies. The antiangiogenic potential of P276 was evaluated using HIF-1 a and VEGF inhibition assay, wound healing and tube formation. In vivo efficacy was studied using human xenograft models in SCID and nude mice.
Results: Human breast cancer cell lines including TNBC, treated with P276 were found to be highly susceptible with IC50 ranging from 0.3 to 1.0 mM. In MCF-7 (Her2-, BRCA+/−) and MDA-MB-231 (ER-, PR-, Her2-). P276 significantly down regulated cell cycle proteins pRbser780, cyclin D1, Cdk4 and antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 followed by 80-85% apoptosis. P276 treatment also lead to the inhibition of PARP enzyme activity or PARP cleavage depending on the cell type. Interestingly, P276 inhibited the key angiogenic mediators HIF-1 a and VEGF with IC50 of 0.095mM and 0.31mM respectively in reporter gene based assays. These antiangiogenic effects were confirmed by immunofluorescence and migration studies in TNBC cell lines and endothelial tube formation. In breast cancer patient derived tumor cell line MAXF 401 (basal like) xenografts in nude mice, cyclical dosing of P276 showed growth inhibition of 71%. Moreover, combination studies of P276 with paclitaxel or gemcitabine plus carboplatin showed synergistic effect in TNBC cell lines. Discussion: Our studies provide compelling evidence for the clinical development of P276 for the treatment of triple negative breast cancer either as monotherapy or in combination with paclitaxel or gemcitabine/carboplatin.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-15-05.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sharma
- Piramal Life Sciences Limited, Goregaon (East), Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - M Rathos
- Piramal Life Sciences Limited, Goregaon (East), Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - S Manohar
- Piramal Life Sciences Limited, Goregaon (East), Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - K Joshi
- Piramal Life Sciences Limited, Goregaon (East), Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - A Badhwar
- Piramal Life Sciences Limited, Goregaon (East), Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - F Kharas
- Piramal Life Sciences Limited, Goregaon (East), Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - V Sonawane
- Piramal Life Sciences Limited, Goregaon (East), Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - U Chaudhuri
- Piramal Life Sciences Limited, Goregaon (East), Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - K. Joshi
- Piramal Life Sciences Limited, Goregaon (East), Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Sharma JN, Ruhela R, Singh KK, Kumar M, Janardhanan C, Achutan PV, Manohar S, Wattal PK, Suri AK. Studies on hydrolysis and radiolysis of tetra(2-ethylhexyl)diglycolamide (TEHDGA)/isodecyl alcohol/n-dodecane solvent system. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2010. [DOI: 10.1524/ract.2010.1749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
To establish the use of TEHDGA/isodecylalcohol/n-dodecane solvent system for actinide partitioning from HLW, the hydrolytic and radiolytic stability of the solvent was investigated. Hydrolysis of TEHDGA with nitric acid at room temperature was not observed. Radiolytic degradation was observed and found to increase with increase in absorbed dose. It was found that the presence of n-dodecane enhances the degradation of TEHDGA whereas isodecyl alcohol, the phase modifier, has no such effect. At gamma-radiation dose as high as 0.2 MGy, no significant loss of TEHDGA was observed. The degradation products were identified by GC-MS, the main products were formed by cleavage of ether and amide bonds of TEHDGA molecule. The extraction behavior of Am(III) at 4.0 M HNO3 does not vary much with increase in absorbed dose, however stripping behavior is affected by the presence of acidic degradation products formed during radiolysis. The findings indicate that the solvent retains its expected extraction and stripping properties up to a high gamma-radiation dose of 0.2 MGy. Irradiated solvent was purified and made suitable for reuse by treating it with 5% w/v Na2CO3 solution, basic alumina and finally by distillation at reduced pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - R. Ruhela
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Hydrometallurgy Section, Mumbai 400085, Indien
| | - K. K. Singh
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Chemistry Group, Mumbai-400085, Indien
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Radiopharmaceutical Division, Trombay, Mumbai-400085, Indien
| | - C. Janardhanan
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Nuclear Recycle Group, Trombay, Mumbai-400085, Indien
| | - P. V. Achutan
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Nuclear Recycle Group, Trombay, Mumbai-400085, Indien
| | - S. Manohar
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Nuclear Recycle Group, Trombay, Mumbai-400085, Indien
| | - P. K. Wattal
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Nuclear Recycle Group, Trombay, Mumbai-400085, Indien
| | - A. K. Suri
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Hydrometallurgy Section, Mumbai 400085, Indien
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Krishnakumar V, Manohar S, Nagalakshmi R. Semiorganic nonlinear optical L-lysine sulphate growth and characterization. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2010; 75:1394-1397. [PMID: 20219422 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2009.12.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2009] [Revised: 12/21/2009] [Accepted: 12/31/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
L-lysine sulphate (LLS), a semiorganic nonlinear optical (NLO) material useful for frequency doubling in the IR region, has been synthesized. The solubility studies have been carried out in the temperature range 30-50 degrees C. Single crystals have been grown by slow evaporation method from an aqueous acetone solution of l-lysine and sulphuric acid. The grown crystals were bulk, bright and transparent. These crystals were characterized by X-ray and FTIR studies. Powder X-ray pattern indicates that LLS crystallizes in orthorhombic space group P2(1)2(1)2(1) with four unit cells. FTIR spectral studies were performed for the conformation of the l-lysine molecule and hydrogen bonds. The optical transmission spectra of the grown crystal are tested by UV-vis spectrophotometer and found that the crystal was transparent over entire visible region. The second harmonic generation test of the LLS revealed the nonlinear nature of the crystal.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Krishnakumar
- Department of Physics, Periyar University, Salem, Tamilnadu, India.
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Hu BH, Cai Q, Manohar S, Jiang H, Ding D, Coling DE, Zheng G, Salvi R. Differential expression of apoptosis-related genes in the cochlea of noise-exposed rats. Neuroscience 2009; 161:915-25. [PMID: 19348871 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.03.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2009] [Revised: 03/17/2009] [Accepted: 03/30/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to intense noise induces apoptosis in hair cells in the cochlea. To identify the molecular changes associated with noise-induced apoptosis, we used quantitative real-time PCR to evaluate the changes in 84 apoptosis-related genes in cochlear samples from the sensory epithelium and lateral wall. Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to a continuous noise at 115 dB SPL for 2 h. The exposure caused a 40-60 dB threshold shift 4 h post-exposure that decreased to 20-30 dB 7 days post-exposure. These functional changes were associated with apoptotic markers including nuclear condensation and fragmentation and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling staining. Immediately after the noise exposure, 12 genes were downregulated, whereas only one gene (Traf4) was upregulated. At 4 h post-exposure, eight genes were upregulated; three (Tnrsf1a, Tnfrsf1b, Tnfrst5) belonged to the Tnfrsf family, three (Bir3, Mcl1 and Prok2) have anti-apoptotic properties and one (Gadd45a) is a target of p53. At 7 days post-exposure, all the upregulated genes returned to pre-noise levels. Interestingly, the normal control cochlea had high constitutive levels of several apoptosis-related genes. These constitutively expressed genes, together with the inducible genes, may participate in the induction of cochlear apoptotic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- B H Hu
- Center for Hearing and Deafness, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA.
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Krishnakumar V, Nagalakshmi R, Manohar S, Kocsis L. Probes on L-lysine monohydrochloride dihydrate: a semiorganic nonlinear optical crystal. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2008; 71:471-479. [PMID: 18316241 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2007.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2007] [Accepted: 11/05/2007] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
L-Lysine monohydrochloride dihydrate (LLMHCl), a semiorganic potential nonlinear optically active crystal possessing large hyperpolarizability and which belongs to noncentrosymmetry class has been grown and studied. The XRD analysis shows that it belongs to the auspicious symmetric space group P2(1) with two molecules in the asymmetric unit. FTIR and FT Raman of the title crystal have been studied at room temperature. The polarization light and oriented single crystals are used to assign the lines observed in the Raman spectra of the studied material. The vibrational spectral characterization has been carried out and interpreted in the light of crystal structure data and factor group analysis. The second harmonic generation (SHG) measurements have allowed identifying the C2 space group symmetry of the compound corroborating very good propensity for green emission. The optical and mechanical responses have been studied with respect to UV visible and Vickers microhardness measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Krishnakumar
- Department of Physics, Periyar University, Salem 636 011, India.
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Krishnakumar V, Manohar S, Nagalakshmi R. Crystal growth and characterization of N-hydroxyphthalimide (C8H5NO3) crystal. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2008; 71:110-115. [PMID: 18218335 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2007.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2007] [Accepted: 11/03/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Single crystals of N-hydroxyphthalimide (NHPH) were obtained from saturated aqueous solutions of methanol and acetonitrile by slow cooling method. The grown crystals were bright and transparent. From the crystal structure analysis it can be inferred that the crystal belongs to monoclinic system. The grown crystals were subjected to FTIR analysis for vibrational assignments. The optical transmission spectra showed excellent transmittance from 200 to 1100 nm. The thermal stability and thermal decomposition of NHPH crystal have been investigated by means of thermogravimetric analysis and differential thermal analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Krishnakumar
- Department of Physics, Periyar University, Salem 636011, India.
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Rayavarapu R, Petersen W, Gac SL, Ungureanu C, Leeuwen TV, Manohar S. Synthesis, functionalization and characterization of rod-shaped gold nanoparticles as potential optical contrast agents. Mol Imaging 2007. [DOI: 10.1364/ecbo.2007.6626_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Lakshmikanth M, Manohar S, Patnakar J, Vaishampayan P, Shouche Y, Lalitha J. Optimization of Culture Conditions for the Production of Extracellular Agarases from Newly Isolated Pseudomonas Aeruginosa AG LSL-11. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-005-9068-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Lakshmikanth M, Manohar S, Souche Y, Lalitha J. Extracellular β-agarase LSL-1 producing neoagarobiose from a newly isolated agar-liquefying soil bacterium, Acinetobacter sp., AG LSL-1. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-006-9147-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Shetty PG, Fatterpekar GM, Manohar S, Sujit V, Varsha J, Zarir U. Fatal cerebral air embolism as a complication of transbronchoscopic lung biopsy: a case report. Australas Radiol 2001; 45:215-7. [PMID: 11380367 DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-1673.2001.00905.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A rare complication of transbronchoscopic lung biopsy, namely a cerebral air embolism, is presented. The course of events following the embolic episode in the form of a fall in blood pressure, bradycardia and convulsions is documented, as is the presence of an air emboli on the CT scan of the brain with subsequent resorption of the emboli on the follow-up scan. The salient features of the case are the rarity of the complication and the excellent temporal depiction of imaging findings on CT scan demonstrated as resorption of air emboli and subsequent watershed territory infarcts.
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Affiliation(s)
- P G Shetty
- P D Hinduja National Hospital and Medical Research Centre, Mumbai, India.
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Manohar S, Kim CK, Karegoudar TB. Enhanced degradation of naphthalene by immobilization of Pseudomonas sp. strain NGK1 in polyurethane foam. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2001; 55:311-6. [PMID: 11341312 DOI: 10.1007/s002530000488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A Pseudomonas sp. strain NGKI (NCIM 5120) capable of degrading naphthalene was immobilized in polyurethane foam. The naphthalene-degrading activity of the freely suspended cells was compared with that of immobilized cells in batches in shaken culture and in a continuous culture system in a packed-bed reactor. Increasing concentrations of naphthalene were better tolerated and more quickly degraded by immobilized cell cultures than by free cells. An initial naphthalene concentration of 25 mM was completely degraded by freely suspended cells (4 x 10(10) cfu ml(-1)) and polyurethane-foam-immobilized cells (0.8-1 x 10(12) cfu g(-1) foam cubes) after 4 days and 2 days of incubation, respectively. Free cells degraded a maximum of 30 mM naphthalene after 4 days of incubation with 50 mM naphthalene, and no further degradation was observed even after 15 days of incubation, whereas foam-immobilized cells brought about the complete degradation of 50 mM initial naphthalene after 6 days of incubation. Furthermore, with 25 mM naphthalene, the polyurethane-foam-immobilized cells were re-used 45 times over a period of 90 days without losing naphthalene-degrading activity. By contrast, with the same amount of naphthalene, alginate-, agar-, and polyacrylamide-entrapped cells could be reused for 18, 12, and 23 times over a period of 44, 28, and 50 days, respectively. During continuous degradation in a packed-bed reactor, foam-immobilized cells degraded 80 mM naphthalene at a rate of 150 ml(-1) h(-1). With the same flow rate and 40 mM naphthalene, this system operated efficiently and continuously for about 120 days, whereas the packed-bed reactor with alginate-, agar-, and polyacrylamide-entrapped cells could be operated only for 45, 40, and 60 days respectively. Thus, more efficient degradation of naphthalene could be achieved by immobilizing cells of Pseudomonas sp. strain NGK1 in polyurethane foam, rather than in the other matrices tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Manohar
- Department of Biochemistry, Gulbarga University, India
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Rahman F, Detti L, Ozcan T, Khan R, Manohar S, Mari G. Can a single measurement of amniotic fluid delta optical density be safely used in the clinical management of Rhesus-alloimmunized pregnancies before 27 weeks' gestation? Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1998; 77:804-7. [PMID: 9776592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To assess the efficacy of a single measurement of amniotic fluid optical density deviation at 450 nanometers in predicting fetal anemia in Rhesus-alloimmunization before 27 weeks gestation. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, fetal blood and amniotic fluid samples from 43 Rhesus-alloimmunized pregnancies at 18 to 26 weeks gestation were obtained under ultrasound guidance. Amniotic fluid samples were scanned by spectrophotometry for optic density at various wavelengths. Deviation at 450 nanometers was calculated between 550 and 365 nanometers. The fetuses were divided into three groups based on their hematocrit levels and the predictive efficacy of optic density zones for anemia was evaluated. RESULTS A high number of false positive and false negative results were observed when the delta-amniotic fluid optical density of fetuses at risk for anemia was plotted to the zones recently proposed to manage Rhesus-alloimmunized pregnancies. CONCLUSIONS These data confirm previous results that the diagnosis of fetal anemia in Rhesus-alloimmunized pregnancies before 27 weeks' gestation cannot be accurately made by a single measurement of amniotic fluid optical density at 450 nanometers.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Rahman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Faisal Hospital and Specialist Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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