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Buscaroli E, Lavrnić S, Blasioli S, Gentile SL, Solimando D, Mancuso G, Anconelli S, Braschi I, Toscano A. Efficient dissipation of acetamiprid, metalaxyl, S-metolachlor and terbuthylazine in a full-scale free water surface constructed wetland in Bologna province, Italy: A kinetic modeling study. Environ Res 2024; 247:118275. [PMID: 38246295 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The study investigated the dissipation ability of a vegetated free water surface (FWS) constructed wetland (CW) in treating pesticides-contaminated agricultural runoff/drainage water in a rural area belonging to Bologna province (Italy). The experiment simulated a 0.1% pesticide agricultural water runoff/drainage event from a 12.5-ha farm by dissolving acetamiprid, metalaxyl, S-metolachlor, and terbuthylazine in 1000 L of water and pumping it into the CW. Water and sediment samples from the CW were collected for 4 months at different time intervals to determine pesticide concentrations by multiresidue extraction and chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses. In parallel, no active compounds were detected in the CW sediments during the experimental period. Pesticides dissipation in the wetland water compartment was modeled according to best data practices by fitting the data to Single First Order (SFO), First Order Multi-Compartment (FOMC) and Double First Order in Parallel (DFOP) kinetic models. SFO (except for metalaxyl), FOMC and DFOP kinetic models adequately predicted the dissipation for the four investigated molecules, with the DFOP kinetic model that better fitted the observed data. The modeled distribution of each pesticide between biomass and water in the CW highly correlated with environmental indexes as Kow and bioconcentration factor. Computed DT50 by DFOP model were 2.169, 8.019, 1.551 and 2.047 days for acetamiprid, metalaxyl, S-metolachlor, and terbuthylazine, respectively. Although the exact degradation mechanisms of each pesticide require further study, the FWS CW was found to be effective in treating pesticides-contaminated agricultural runoff/drainage water within an acceptable time. Therefore, this technology proved to be a valuable tool for mitigating pesticides runoff occurring after intense rain events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Buscaroli
- Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Viale G. Fanin 40-50, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Stevo Lavrnić
- Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Viale G. Fanin 40-50, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Sonia Blasioli
- Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Viale G. Fanin 40-50, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Domenico Solimando
- Consorzio di Bonifica Canale Emiliano Romagnolo, Via E. Masi 8, 40137 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mancuso
- Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Viale G. Fanin 40-50, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Anconelli
- Consorzio di Bonifica Canale Emiliano Romagnolo, Via E. Masi 8, 40137 Bologna, Italy
| | - Ilaria Braschi
- Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Viale G. Fanin 40-50, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Attilio Toscano
- Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Viale G. Fanin 40-50, 40127 Bologna, Italy
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Braschi I, Blasioli S, Lavrnić S, Buscaroli E, Di Prodi K, Solimando D, Toscano A. Removal and fate of pesticides in a farm constructed wetland for agricultural drainage water treatment under Mediterranean conditions (Italy). Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:7283-7299. [PMID: 34476700 PMCID: PMC8763787 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16033-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A non-waterproofed surface flow constructed wetland (SFCW), treating agricultural drainage water in Northern Italy, was investigated to gain information on the potential ability for effective pesticide abatement. A mixture of insecticide imidacloprid, fungicide dimethomorph, and herbicide glyphosate was applied, by simulating a single rain event, into 470-m-long water course of the SFCW meanders. The pesticides were monitored in the wetland water and soil for about 2 months after treatment. Even though the distribution of pesticides in the wetland was not uniform, for each of them, a mean dissipation of 50% of the applied amount was already observed at ≤7 days. The dissipation trend in the water phase of the wetland fitted (r2 ≥ 0.8166) the first-order model with calculated DT50 of 20.6, 12.0, 5.8, and 36.7 days for imidacloprid, dimethomorph, glyphosate, and the glyphosate metabolite AMPA, respectively. The pesticide behavior was interpreted based on the chemical and physical characteristics of both the substances and the water-soil system. Despite the fast abatement of glyphosate, traces were detected in the water until the end of the trial. The formation of soluble 1:1 complex between glyphosate and calcium, the most representative cation in the wetland water, was highlighted by infrared analyses. Such a soluble complex was supposed to keep traces of the herbicide in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Braschi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, viale G. Fanin 44, 40127, Bologna, Italy
- GRIFA Gruppo di Ricerca Fitofarmaci e Ambiente, via Ospedale 72, 09124, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Sonia Blasioli
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, viale G. Fanin 44, 40127, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Stevo Lavrnić
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, viale G. Fanin 44, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Enrico Buscaroli
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, viale G. Fanin 44, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Katia Di Prodi
- GRIFA Gruppo di Ricerca Fitofarmaci e Ambiente, via Ospedale 72, 09124, Cagliari, Italy
- Central Laboratory of Conserve Italia Group, Conserve Italia Soc. Coop. Agricola, via P. Poggi 11, 40068, San Lazzaro di Savena, BO, Italy
| | - Domenico Solimando
- Consorzio di Bonifica Canale Emiliano Romagnolo, via E. Masi 8, 40137, Bologna, Italy
| | - Attilio Toscano
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, viale G. Fanin 44, 40127, Bologna, Italy
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Vittuari M, Bazzocchi G, Blasioli S, Cirone F, Maggio A, Orsini F, Penca J, Petruzzelli M, Specht K, Amghar S, Atanasov AM, Bastia T, Bertocchi I, Coudard A, Crepaldi A, Curtis A, Fox-Kämper R, Gheorghica AE, Lelièvre A, Muñoz P, Nolde E, Pascual-Fernández J, Pennisi G, Pölling B, Reynaud-Desmet L, Righini I, Rouphael Y, Saint-Ges V, Samoggia A, Shaystej S, da Silva M, Toboso Chavero S, Tonini P, Trušnovec G, Vidmar BL, Villalba G, De Menna F. Envisioning the Future of European Food Systems: Approaches and Research Priorities After COVID-19. Front Sustain Food Syst 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2021.642787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic unveiled the fragility of food sovereignty in cities and confirmed the close connection urban dwellers have with food. Although the pandemic was not responsible for a systemic failure, it suggested how citizens would accept and indeed support a transition toward more localized food production systems. As this attitudinal shift is aligned with the sustainability literature, this work aims to explore the tools and actions needed for a policy framework transformation that recognizes the multiple benefits of food systems, while considering local needs and circumstances. This perspective paper reviews the trends in production and consumption, and systematizes several impacts emerged across European food systems in response to the first wave of pandemic emergency, with the final aim of identifying challenges and future strategies for research and innovation toward the creation of resilient and sustainable city/region food systems. The proposal does not support a return to traditional small-scale economies that might not cope with the growing global population. It instead stands to reconstruct and upscale such connections using a “think globally act locally” mind-set, engaging local communities, and making existing and future citizen-led food system initiatives more sustainable. The work outlines a set of recommended actions for policy-makers: support innovative and localized food production, training and use of information and communication technology for food production and distribution; promote cross-pollination among city/region food systems; empower schools as agents of change in food provision and education about food systems; and support the development of assessment methodologies and the application of policy tools to ensure that the different sustainability dimensions of the food chain are considered.
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Checcucci A, Trevisi P, Luise D, Modesto M, Blasioli S, Braschi I, Mattarelli P. Exploring the Animal Waste Resistome: The Spread of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes Through the Use of Livestock Manure. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1416. [PMID: 32793126 PMCID: PMC7387501 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a public health problem of growing concern. Animal manure application to soil is considered to be a main cause of the propagation and dissemination of antibiotic residues, antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB), and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the soil-water system. In recent decades, studies on the impact of antibiotic-contaminated manure on soil microbiomes have increased exponentially, in particular for taxonomical diversity and ARGs’ diffusion. Antibiotic resistance genes are often located on mobile genetic elements (MGEs). Horizontal transfer of MGEs toward a broad range of bacteria (pathogens and human commensals included) has been identified as the main cause for their persistence and dissemination. Chemical and bio-sanitizing treatments reduce the antibiotic load and ARB. Nevertheless, effects of these treatments on the persistence of resistance genes must be carefully considered. This review analyzed the most recent research on antibiotic and ARG environmental dissemination conveyed by livestock waste. Strategies to control ARG dissemination and antibiotic persistence were reviewed with the aim to identify methods for monitoring DNA transferability and environmental conditions promoting such diffusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Checcucci
- Department of Agricultural and Food Science, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Trevisi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Science, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Diana Luise
- Department of Agricultural and Food Science, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Monica Modesto
- Department of Agricultural and Food Science, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sonia Blasioli
- Department of Agricultural and Food Science, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ilaria Braschi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Science, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paola Mattarelli
- Department of Agricultural and Food Science, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Pennisi G, Orsini F, Blasioli S, Cellini A, Crepaldi A, Braschi I, Spinelli F, Nicola S, Fernandez JA, Stanghellini C, Gianquinto G, Marcelis LFM. Resource use efficiency of indoor lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) cultivation as affected by red:blue ratio provided by LED lighting. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14127. [PMID: 31576006 PMCID: PMC6773742 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50783-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
LED lighting in indoor farming systems allows to modulate the spectrum to fit plant needs. Red (R) and blue (B) lights are often used, being highly active for photosynthesis. The effect of R and B spectral components on lettuce plant physiology and biochemistry and resource use efficiency were studied. Five red:blue (RB) ratios (0.5-1-2-3-4) supplied by LED and a fluorescent control (RB = 1) were tested in six experiments in controlled conditions (PPFD = 215 μmol m-2 s-1, daylength 16 h). LED lighting increased yield (1.6 folds) and energy use efficiency (2.8 folds) as compared with fluorescent lamps. Adoption of RB = 3 maximised yield (by 2 folds as compared with RB = 0.5), also increasing leaf chlorophyll and flavonoids concentrations and the uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and magnesium. As the red portion of the spectrum increased, photosystem II quantum efficiency decreased but transpiration decreased more rapidly, resulting in increased water use efficiency up to RB = 3 (75 g FW L-1 H2O). The transpiration decrease was accompanied by lower stomatal conductance, which was associated to lower stomatal density, despite an increased stomatal size. Both energy and land surface use efficiency were highest at RB ≥ 3. We hereby suggest a RB ratio of 3 for sustainable indoor lettuce cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Pennisi
- DISTAL - Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, ALMA MATER STUDIORUM - Bologna University, Bologna, Italy
- DISAFA-VEGMAP, Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Departamento de Ingeniería Agronómica, E.T.S. Ingeniería Agronómica, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Cartagena, Spain
| | - Francesco Orsini
- DISTAL - Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, ALMA MATER STUDIORUM - Bologna University, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Sonia Blasioli
- DISTAL - Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, ALMA MATER STUDIORUM - Bologna University, Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonio Cellini
- DISTAL - Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, ALMA MATER STUDIORUM - Bologna University, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Ilaria Braschi
- DISTAL - Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, ALMA MATER STUDIORUM - Bologna University, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Spinelli
- DISTAL - Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, ALMA MATER STUDIORUM - Bologna University, Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvana Nicola
- DISAFA-VEGMAP, Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Juan A Fernandez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Agronómica, E.T.S. Ingeniería Agronómica, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Cartagena, Spain
| | | | - Giorgio Gianquinto
- DISTAL - Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, ALMA MATER STUDIORUM - Bologna University, Bologna, Italy
| | - Leo F M Marcelis
- Horticulture & Product Physiology Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Pennisi G, Blasioli S, Cellini A, Maia L, Crepaldi A, Braschi I, Spinelli F, Nicola S, Fernandez JA, Stanghellini C, Marcelis LFM, Orsini F, Gianquinto G. Unraveling the Role of Red:Blue LED Lights on Resource Use Efficiency and Nutritional Properties of Indoor Grown Sweet Basil. Front Plant Sci 2019; 10:305. [PMID: 30918510 PMCID: PMC6424884 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Indoor plant cultivation can result in significantly improved resource use efficiency (surface, water, and nutrients) as compared to traditional growing systems, but illumination costs are still high. LEDs (light emitting diodes) are gaining attention for indoor cultivation because of their ability to provide light of different spectra. In the light spectrum, red and blue regions are often considered the major plants' energy sources for photosynthetic CO2 assimilation. This study aims at identifying the role played by red:blue (R:B) ratio on the resource use efficiency of indoor basil cultivation, linking the physiological response to light to changes in yield and nutritional properties. Basil plants were cultivated in growth chambers under five LED light regimens characterized by different R:B ratios ranging from 0.5 to 4 (respectively, RB0.5, RB1, RB2, RB3, and RB4), using fluorescent lamps as control (CK1). A photosynthetic photon flux density of 215 μmol m-2 s-1 was provided for 16 h per day. The greatest biomass production was associated with LED lighting as compared with fluorescent lamp. Despite a reduction in both stomatal conductance and PSII quantum efficiency, adoption of RB3 resulted in higher yield and chlorophyll content, leading to improved use efficiency for water and energy. Antioxidant activity followed a spectral-response function, with optimum associated with RB3. A low RB ratio (0.5) reduced the relative content of several volatiles, as compared to CK1 and RB ≥ 2. Moreover, mineral leaf concentration (g g-1 DW) and total content in plant (g plant-1) were influences by light quality, resulting in greater N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and Fe accumulation in plants cultivated with RB3. Contrarily, nutrient use efficiency was increased in RB ≤ 1. From this study it can be concluded that a RB ratio of 3 provides optimal growing conditions for indoor cultivation of basil, fostering improved performances in terms of growth, physiological and metabolic functions, and resources use efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Pennisi
- DISTAL – Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Technologies, Alma Mater Studiorum – Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- DISAFA-VEGMAP, Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Departamento de Producción Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Cartagena, Spain
| | - Sonia Blasioli
- DISTAL – Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Technologies, Alma Mater Studiorum – Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonio Cellini
- DISTAL – Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Technologies, Alma Mater Studiorum – Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Maia
- DISTAL – Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Technologies, Alma Mater Studiorum – Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Ilaria Braschi
- DISTAL – Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Technologies, Alma Mater Studiorum – Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Spinelli
- DISTAL – Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Technologies, Alma Mater Studiorum – Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvana Nicola
- DISAFA-VEGMAP, Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Juan A. Fernandez
- Departamento de Producción Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Cartagena, Spain
| | | | - Leo F. M. Marcelis
- Horticulture and Product Physiology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Francesco Orsini
- DISTAL – Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Technologies, Alma Mater Studiorum – Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Horticulture and Product Physiology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Giorgio Gianquinto
- DISTAL – Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Technologies, Alma Mater Studiorum – Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Sgolastra F, Blasioli S, Renzi T, Tosi S, Medrzycki P, Molowny-Horas R, Porrini C, Braschi I. Lethal effects of Cr(III) alone and in combination with propiconazole and clothianidin in honey bees. Chemosphere 2018; 191:365-372. [PMID: 29049960 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.10.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Several anthropogenic contaminants, including pesticides and heavy metals, can affect honey bee health. The effects of mixtures of heavy metals and pesticides are rarely studied in bees, even though bees are likely to be exposed to these contaminants in both agricultural and urban environments. In this study, the lethal toxicity of Cr alone and in combination with the neonicotinoid insecticide clothianidin and the ergosterol-biosynthesis-inhibiting fungicide propiconazole was assessed in Apis mellifera adults. The LD50 and lowest benchmark dose of Cr as Cr(NO3)3, revealed a low acute oral toxicity on honey bee foragers (2049 and 379 mg L-1, respectively) and the Cr retention (i.e. bee ability to retain the heavy metal in the body) was generally low compared to other metals. A modified method based on the binomial proportion test was developed to analyse synergistic and antagonistic interactions between the three tested contaminants. The combination of an ecologically-relevant field concentration of chromium with clothianidin and propiconazole did not increase bee mortality. On the contrary, the presence of Cr in mixture with propiconazole elicited a slight antagonistic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Sgolastra
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, Italy.
| | - Sonia Blasioli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, Italy
| | - Teresa Renzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, Italy
| | - Simone Tosi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, Italy; University of California, San Diego, Division of Biological Sciences, Section of Ecology, Behavior and Evolution, USA
| | - Piotr Medrzycki
- CREA-AA, Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria, Centro di Ricerca Agricoltura ed Ambiente, Italy
| | | | - Claudio Porrini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, Italy
| | - Ilaria Braschi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, Italy
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Cellini A, Blasioli S, Biondi E, Bertaccini A, Braschi I, Spinelli F. Potential Applications and Limitations of Electronic Nose Devices for Plant Disease Diagnosis. Sensors (Basel) 2017; 17:E2596. [PMID: 29137109 PMCID: PMC5712907 DOI: 10.3390/s17112596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Electronic nose technology has recently been applied to the detection of several plant diseases and pests, with promising results. However, in spite of its numerous advantages, including operational simplicity, non-destructivity, and bulk sampling, drawbacks include a low sensitivity and specificity in comparison with microbiological and molecular methods. A critical review of the use of an electronic nose for plant disease diagnosis and pest detection is presented, describing the instrumental and procedural advances of sensorial analysis, for the improvement of discrimination between healthy and infected or infested plants. In conclusion, the use of electronic nose technology is suggested to assist, direct, and optimise traditionally adopted diagnostic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Cellini
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, viale G. Fanin 44, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Sonia Blasioli
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, viale G. Fanin 44, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Enrico Biondi
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, viale G. Fanin 44, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Assunta Bertaccini
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, viale G. Fanin 44, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Braschi
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, viale G. Fanin 44, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Francesco Spinelli
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, viale G. Fanin 44, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
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9
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Braschi I, Martucci A, Blasioli S, Mzini LL, Ciavatta C, Cossi M. Effect of humic monomers on the adsorption of sulfamethoxazole sulfonamide antibiotic into a high silica zeolite Y: An interdisciplinary study. Chemosphere 2016; 155:444-452. [PMID: 27139123 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The adsorption efficiency of a high silica zeolite Y towards sulfamethoxazole, a sulfonamide antibiotic, was evaluated in the presence of two humic monomers, vanillin and caffeic acid, representative of phenolic compounds usually occurring in water bodies, owing their dimension comparable to those of the zeolite microporosity. In the entire range of investigated pH (5-8), adsorption of vanillin, as a single component, was reversible whereas it was irreversible for sulfamethoxazole. In equimolar ternary mixtures, vanillin coadsorbed with sulfamethoxazole, conversely to what observed for caffeic acid, accordingly to their adsorption kinetics and pKa values. Lower and higher adsorptions were observed for sulfamethoxazole and vanillin, respectively, than what it was observed as single components, clearly revealing guest-guest interactions. An adduct formed through H-bonding between the carbonyl oxygen of vanillin and the heterocycle NH of sulfamethoxazole in amide form was observed in the zeolite pore by combined FTIR and Rietveld analysis, in agreement with Density Functional Theory calculations of the adduct stabilization energies. The formation of similar adducts, able to stabilize other naturally occurring phenolic compounds in the microporosities of hydrophobic sorbents, was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Braschi
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Annalisa Martucci
- Department of Physics and Earth Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Sonia Blasioli
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Loyiso L Mzini
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Ciavatta
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Maurizio Cossi
- Department of Sciences and Technological Innovation, University of Eastern Piedmont A. Avogadro, 51121 Alessandria, Italy
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Braschi I, Blasioli S, Buscaroli E, Montecchio D, Martucci A. Physicochemical regeneration of high silica zeolite Y used to clean-up water polluted with sulfonamide antibiotics. J Environ Sci (China) 2016; 43:302-312. [PMID: 27155437 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2015.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
High silica zeolite Y has been positively evaluated to clean-up water polluted with sulfonamides, an antibiotic family which is known to be involved in the antibiotic resistance evolution. To define possible strategies for the exhausted zeolite regeneration, the efficacy of some chemico-physical treatments on the zeolite loaded with four different sulfonamides was evaluated. The evolution of photolysis, Fenton-like reaction, thermal treatments, and solvent extractions and the occurrence in the zeolite pores of organic residues eventually entrapped was elucidated by a combined thermogravimetric (TGA-DTA), diffractometric (XRPD), and spectroscopic (FT-IR) approach. The chemical processes were not able to remove the organic guest from zeolite pores and a limited transformation on embedded molecules was observed. On the contrary, both thermal treatment and solvent extraction succeeded in the regeneration of the zeolite loaded from deionized and natural fresh water. The recyclability of regenerated zeolite was evaluated over several adsorption/regeneration cycles, due to the treatment efficacy and its stability as well as the ability to regain the structural features of the unloaded material.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Braschi
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna 40127, Italy; NanoSiSTeMI Interdisciplinary Centre, Università del Piemonte Orientale A. Avogadro, Alessandria 15121, Italy.
| | - S Blasioli
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna 40127, Italy
| | - E Buscaroli
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna 40127, Italy
| | - D Montecchio
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna 40127, Italy
| | - A Martucci
- Department of Physics and Earth Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara 44122, Italy
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Blasioli S, Martucci A, Paul G, Gigli L, Cossi M, Johnston CT, Marchese L, Braschi I. Removal of sulfamethoxazole sulfonamide antibiotic from water by high silica zeolites: A study of the involved host–guest interactions by a combined structural, spectroscopic, and computational approach. J Colloid Interface Sci 2014; 419:148-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2013.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 12/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Blasioli S, Biondi E, Samudrala D, Spinelli F, Cellini A, Bertaccini A, Cristescu SM, Braschi I. Identification of volatile markers in potato brown rot and ring rot by combined GC-MS and PTR-MS techniques: study on in vitro and in vivo samples. J Agric Food Chem 2014; 62:337-347. [PMID: 24313381 DOI: 10.1021/jf403436t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Ralstonia solanacearum (Rs) and Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus (Cms) are the bacterial causal agents of potato brown and ring rot, respectively, and are included in the A2 list of quarantine pathogens in Europe. Identification by GC-MS analysis of volatile organic compounds from Rs or Cms cultured on different nutrient media was performed. GC-MS and PTR-MS analysis were carried out also on unwounded potato tubers infected with the same pathogens. Infected tubers were produced by experimental inoculations of the plants. In in vitro experiments, Rs or Cms emitted volatile compounds, part of which were specific disease markers of potato (2-propanol and 3-methylbutanoic acid), mainly originating from bacterial metabolism (i.e., amino acid degradation, carbohydrate and fatty acid oxidation). In potato tubers, pathogen metabolism modified the volatile compound pattern emitted from healthy samples. Both bacteria seem to accelerate metabolic processes ongoing in potatoes and, in the case of Rs, disease markers (1-hepten-3-ol, 3,6-dimethyl-3-octanone, 3-ethyl-3-methylpentane, 1-chloroctane, and benzothiazole) were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Blasioli
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Bologna , Viale G. Fanin 44, 40127 Bologna, Italy
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Braschi I, Blasioli S, Fellet C, Lorenzini R, Garelli A, Pori M, Giacomini D. Persistence and degradation of new β-lactam antibiotics in the soil and water environment. Chemosphere 2013; 93:152-9. [PMID: 23777677 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Revised: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/11/2013] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The development of new antibiotics with low environmental persistence is of utmost importance in contrasting phenomena of antibiotic resistance. In this study, the persistence of two newly synthesized monocyclic β-lactam antibiotics: (2R)-1-(methylthio)-4-oxoazetidin-2-yl acetate, P1, and (2R,3R)-3-((1R)-1-(tert-butyldimethylsilanyloxy)ethyl)-1-(methylthio)-4-oxoazetidin-2-yl acetate, P2, has been investigated in water in the pH range 3-9 and in two (calcareous and forest) soils, then compared to amoxicillin, a β-lactam antibiotic used in human and veterinary medicine. P1 and P2 persistence in water was lower than that of amoxicillin with only a few exceptions. P1 hydrolysis was catalyzed at an acidic pH whereas P2 hydrolysis takes place at both acidic and alkaline pH values. P1 persistence in soils depended mainly on their water potential (t1/2: 35.0-70.7d at wilting point; <1d at field capacity) whereas for P2 it was shorter and unaffected by soil water content (t1/2 0.13-2.5d). Several degradation products were detected in soils at both water potentials, deriving partly from hydrolytic pathways and partly from microbial transformation. The higher LogKow value for P2 compared with P1 seemingly confers P2 with high permeability to microbial membranes regardless of soil water content. P1 and P2 persistence in soils at wilting point was shorter than that of amoxicillin, whereas it had the same extent at field capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Braschi
- Department of Agricultural Science, University of Bologna, Viale G. Fanin 44, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
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Braschi I, Blasioli S, Gigli L, Gessa CE, Alberti A, Martucci A. Removal of sulfonamide antibiotics from water: Evidence of adsorption into an organophilic zeolite Y by its structural modifications. J Hazard Mater 2010; 178:218-225. [PMID: 20133061 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.01.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2009] [Revised: 01/11/2010] [Accepted: 01/12/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Sulfonamide antibiotics are persistent pollutants of aquatic bodies, known to induce high levels of bacterial resistance. We investigated the adsorption of sulfadiazine, sulfamethazine, and sulfachloropyridazine sulfonamides into a highly dealuminated faujasite zeolite (Y) with cage window sizes comparable to sulfonamide dimensions. At maximal solubility the antibiotics were almost completely (>90%) and quickly (t<1min) removed from the water by zeolite. The maximal amount of sulfonamides adsorbed was 18-26% DW of dry zeolite weight, as evidenced by thermogravimetric analyses and accounted for about one antibiotic molecule per zeolitic cage. The presence of this organic inside the cage was revealed by unit cell parameter variations and structural deformations obtained by X-ray structure analyses carried out using the Rietveld method on exhausted zeolite. The most evident deformation effects were the lowering of the Fd-3m real symmetry in the parent zeolite to Fd-3 and the remarkable deformations which occurred in the 12-membered ring cage window after sulfadiazine or sulfachloropyridazine adsorption. After sulfamethazine adsorption, zeolite deformation caused a lowering in symmetry up to the monoclinic P2/m space group. The effective and irreversible adsorption of sulfonamides into organophylic Y zeolite makes this cheap and environmentally friendly material a suitable candidate for removing sulfonamides from water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Braschi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agroambientali, Università di Bologna, Viale Fanin, 40 - 40127 Bologna, Italy.
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Blasioli S, Biondi E, Braschi I, Mazzucchi U, Bazzi C, Gessa CE. Electronic nose as an innovative tool for the diagnosis of grapevine crown gall. Anal Chim Acta 2010; 672:20-4. [PMID: 20579484 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2010.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2009] [Revised: 02/24/2010] [Accepted: 02/25/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
For the first time, a portable electronic nose was used to discriminate between healthy and galled grapevines, experimentally inoculated with two tumourigenic strains of Agrobacterium vitis. The volatile profile of target cutting samples was analysed by headspace solid phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Spectra from tumoured samples revealed the presence of styrene which is compatible with decarboxylation of cinnamic acid involved in secondary metabolism of plants. Principal Component Analysis confirmed the difference in volatile profiles of infected vines and their healthy controls. Linear Discriminant Analysis allowed the correct discrimination between healthy and galled grapevines (83.3%, cross-validation). Although a larger number of samples should be analysed to create a more robust model, our results give novel interesting clues to go further with research on the diagnostic potential of this innovative system associated with multi-dimensional chemometric techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Blasioli
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agroambientali, Università di Bologna, V.le Fanin, 44, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
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Pinna MV, Braschi I, Blasioli S, Gessa CE, Pusino A. Hydrolysis and adsorption of cyhalofop-butyl and cyhalofop-acid on soil colloids. J Agric Food Chem 2008; 56:5273-5277. [PMID: 18540615 DOI: 10.1021/jf800542b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A study was undertaken to investigate the stability of cyhalofop-butyl (2 R)-2-[4-(4-cyano-2-fluorophenoxy)phenoxy]butylpropanoate (CyB), an aryloxyphenoxy-propionic herbicide, at different pH values. The hydrolysis of CyB was faster in nonsterile than in sterile water. In sterile medium, CyB degraded only to (2 R)-2-[4-(4-cyano-2-fluorophenoxy)phenoxy]propanoic acid (CyA), whereas in nonsterile water, also the metabolites (2 R)-2-[4-(4-carbamoyl-2-fluorophenoxy)phenoxy]propanoic acid (CyAA) and (2 R)-2-[4-(4-carboxyl-2-fluorophenoxy)phenoxy]propanoic acid (CyD) were detected. The adsorption of CyB onto clays, iron oxide, and dissolved organic matter (DOM), using a batch equilibrium method, was also studied. A lipophilic bond is responsible for CyB adsorption on DOM. CyB was adsorbed on Fe(III)- and Ca-clays through hydrogen bonding between the carbonyl oxygen and water surrounding the exchangeable cations. In the interlayer of K-clay, CyB was hydrolyzed to CyA, which remained adsorbed therein as a monomer. The acid CyA was adsorbed only by the Fe-oxide through complexation. The CyA-Fe-oxide complex was stable and did not undergo degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vittoria Pinna
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali Agrarie e Biotecnologie Agro-Alimentari, Università di Sassari, Viale Italia 39, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
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Blasioli S, Braschi I, Pinna MV, Pusino A, Gessa CE. Effect of undesalted dissolved organic matter from composts on persistence, adsorption, and mobility of cyhalofop herbicide in soils. J Agric Food Chem 2008; 56:4102-4111. [PMID: 18476694 DOI: 10.1021/jf7036906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The effect of undesalted dissolved organic matter (DOM) extracted from composts on the degradation, adsorption, and mobility of cyhalofop herbicide in soils was studied. A paddy-field sediment poor in organic matter (OM), an OM-rich forest soil, and DOM from agroindustrial or municipal waste compost were used. DOM increased the cyhalofop-acid but not the cyhalofop-butyl solubility in water. The degradation of cyhalofop-butyl in the sediment was slow, giving cyhalofop-acid as the only metabolite, whereas in forest soil, the process was faster, and three byproducts were detected. Soil pretreatment with DOM did not modify the degradation pattern but only reduced the adsorption of cyhalofop-butyl by soil, whereas it increased the adsorption of cyhalofop-acid. Among the cationic components of DOM solutions, the potassium ion seems to be related to the increased adsorption of the cyhalofop-acid in both OM-poor and OM-rich soils, yielding reversible complexes with the former and favoring hydrophobic interactions with the latter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Blasioli
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agroambientali, Universita di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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