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Diem L, Evangelopoulos ME, Karathanassis D, Natsis V, Kamber N, Hammer H, Friedli C, Chan A, Helbling A, Penner IK, Salmen A, Walther S, Stegmayer K, Hoepner R. Hypogammaglobulinemia: A contributing factor to multiple sclerosis fatigue? Mult Scler Relat Disord 2022; 68:104148. [PMID: 36063730 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2022.104148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fatigue is one of the most disabling and difficult to treat symptoms of autoimmune diseases and frequently presents in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). Hypogammaglobulinemia for immunoglobulin G (IgG) affects approximately 8-25% of PwMS. We performed a retrospective analysis to investigate the association of MS-fatigue and IgG hypogammaglobulinemia. METHODS PwMS, treated at Eginition University Hospital Athens or at the University Hospital Bern, were included (n = 134 patients (Bern n = 99; Athens n = 35)). Mann Whitney U-test (MWT), ANOVA test, Chi2 test and multivariable linear regression models were run. RESULTS 97/134 (72.4%) PwMS reported fatigue. In the multivariable linear regression analysis, IgG serum concentration (-1.6, 95%CI -2.7 - -0.5, p = 0.006), daytime sleepiness (0.8, 95%CI 0.2-1.4, p = 0.009), and a depressive mood (1.1, 95%CI 0.8-1.4, p < 0.001) were significantly associated with fatigue. The impact of IgG serum concentration (-2.9 95%CI -4.7 - -1.1, p = 0.002) remained significant also in the subcohort of PwMS without depressive symptoms or daytime sleepiness. CONCLUSIONS We found an association between IgG hypogammaglobulinemia and fatigue in PwMS (Level of Evidence IV), which might be translated to other autoimmune diseases. It bears a potential therapeutic consequence considering IgG supplementation strategies, if our finding can be validated prospectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Diem
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - M E Evangelopoulos
- Department of Neurology, Aiginitio University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - D Karathanassis
- Department of Neurology, Aiginitio University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - V Natsis
- Department of Neurology, Aiginitio University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - N Kamber
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, Bern, Switzerland
| | - H Hammer
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, Bern, Switzerland
| | - C Friedli
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, Bern, Switzerland
| | - A Chan
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, Bern, Switzerland
| | - A Helbling
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Allergology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - I K Penner
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, Bern, Switzerland
| | - A Salmen
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, Bern, Switzerland
| | - S Walther
- Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bolligenstrasse 111, Bern, Switzerland
| | - K Stegmayer
- Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bolligenstrasse 111, Bern, Switzerland
| | - R Hoepner
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, Bern, Switzerland
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Wenig K, Wieland M, Baumann A, Walther S, Dimitriou A, Prandolini MJ, Schepp O, Bermúdez Macias I, Sumfleth M, Stojanovic N, Düsterer S, Rönsch-Schulenburg J, Zapolnova E, Pan R, Drescher M, Frühling U. Electronic decay of core-excited HCl molecules probed by THz streaking. Struct Dyn 2019; 6:034301. [PMID: 31123698 PMCID: PMC6506338 DOI: 10.1063/1.5091756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The ultrafast electronic decay of HCl molecules in the time domain after resonant core excitation was measured. Here, a Cl-2p core electron was promoted to the antibonding σ* orbital initiating molecular dissociation, and simultaneously, the electronic excitation relaxes via an Auger decay. For HCl, both processes compete on similar ultrashort femtosecond time scales. In order to measure the lifetime of the core hole excitation, we collinearly superimposed 40 fs soft x-ray pulses with intense terahertz (THz) radiation from the free-electron laser in Hamburg (FLASH). Electrons emitted from the molecules are accelerated (streaked) by the THz electric field where the resulting momentum change depends on the field's phase at the instant of ionization. Evaluation of a time-shift between the delay-dependent streaking spectra of photo- and Auger electrons yields a decay constant of (11 ± 2) fs for LMM Auger electrons. For further validation, the method was also applied to the MNN Auger decay of krypton. Reproduction of the value already published in the literature confirms that a temporal resolution much below the duration of the exciting x-ray pulses can be reached.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Wenig
- Institute for Experimental Physics, University Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - M J Prandolini
- Institute for Experimental Physics, University Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - O Schepp
- Institute for Experimental Physics, University Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | - N Stojanovic
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron - DESY, Hamburg, Germany
| | - S Düsterer
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron - DESY, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - E Zapolnova
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron - DESY, Hamburg, Germany
| | - R Pan
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron - DESY, Hamburg, Germany
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Emrich F, Noack T, Walther S, Kirsten H, Kiefer P, Seeburger J, Lehmann S, Leontyev S, Borger M. Surgery of the Proximal Thoracic Aorta: A Propensity-Matched Comparison between Minimally Invasive and Full Sternotomy. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2019. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1678970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Emrich
- Heartcenter Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - T. Noack
- Heartcenter Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - H. Kirsten
- University of Leipzig, Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics, and Epidemiology (IMISE), Leipzig, Germany
| | - P. Kiefer
- Heartcenter Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Abstract
Despite the clinical impact of motor symptoms such as agitation or retardation on the course of depression, these symptoms are poorly understood. Novel developments in the field of instrumentation and mobile devices allow for dimensional and continuous recording of motor behavior in various settings, particularly outside the laboratory. Likewise, the use of novel assessments enables to combine multimodal neuroimaging with behavioral measures in order to investigate the neural correlates of motor dysfunction in depression. The research domain criteria (RDoC) framework will soon include a motor domain that will provide a framework for studying motor dysfunction in mood disorders. In addition, new studies within this framework will allow investigators to study motor symptoms across different stages of depression as well as other psychiatric diagnoses. Finally, the introduction of the RDoC motor domain will help test how motor symptoms integrate with the original five RDoC domains (negative valence, positive valence, cognitive, social processes, and arousal/regulation).
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Affiliation(s)
- S Walther
- Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Bern,Bern,Switzerland
| | - J A Bernard
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences,Texas A&M Institute for Neuroscience, Texas A & M University,College Station, TX,USA
| | - V A Mittal
- Department of Psychology, Department of Psychiatry,Northwestern University,Evanston, IL,USA
| | - S A Shankman
- Department of Psychiatry,Northwestern University,Evanston, IL,USA
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Muntean ML, Walther S, Zimmermann J, Sixel-Döring F, Trenkwalder C. Polysomnographic findings in restless legs syndrome (RLS) patients with severe augmentation. Sleep Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2017.11.677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Stegmayer K, Stettler M, Strik W, Federspiel A, Wiest R, Bohlhalter S, Walther S. Resting state perfusion in the language network is linked to formal thought disorder and poor functional outcome in schizophrenia. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2017; 136:506-516. [PMID: 28865406 PMCID: PMC5656821 DOI: 10.1111/acps.12790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Formal thought disorder (FTD) is a core symptom in schizophrenia. Here, we focus on resting state cerebral blood flow (rCBF) linked to dimensions of FTD. METHODS We included 47 schizophrenia spectrum patients and 30 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. We assessed FTD with the assessment of thought, language, and communication (TLC) and imaging on a 3T MRI scanner. Within patients, we tested the association of FTD dimensions and in a subgroup (n = 27) the association of functional outcome after 6 months with whole brain rCBF. RESULTS Negative FTD was most prominently associated with perfusion within the superior temporal gyrus, while positive FTD was associated with perfusion within the supplementary motor area, and inferior frontal gyrus. Perfusion within the left supramarginal gyrus was associated with social functioning after 6 months. CONCLUSIONS Distinguishable associations of rCBF with FTD dimensions point to distinct underlying pathophysiology. The location of aberrant perfusion patterns suggests that negative FTD might reflect defective access to semantic memory while positive FTD likely reflects defective suppression of irrelevant information during increased speech production. Finally, the neural correlates of thought block were also predictive of poor functional outcome. Thus, functional outcome and distinct FTD dimensions may share some pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Stegmayer
- Translational Research CenterUniversity Hospital of PsychiatryUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - M. Stettler
- Translational Research CenterUniversity Hospital of PsychiatryUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - W. Strik
- Translational Research CenterUniversity Hospital of PsychiatryUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - A. Federspiel
- Translational Research CenterUniversity Hospital of PsychiatryUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - R. Wiest
- Support Center of Advanced Neuroimaging (SCAN)University Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional NeuroradiologyInselspitalBernSwitzerland
| | - S. Bohlhalter
- Neurology and Neurorehabilitation CenterKantonsspital LuzernLucerneSwitzerland
| | - S. Walther
- Translational Research CenterUniversity Hospital of PsychiatryUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Flaatten
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care; General ICU & University of Bergen; Haukeland University Hospital; Bergen Norway
| | - S. Walther
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine; University Hospital; Linköping University; Linköping Sweden
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Walther S, Tietze M, Czerny CP, König S, Diesterbeck US. Development of a Bioinformatics Framework for the Detection of Gene Conversion and the Analysis of Combinatorial Diversity in Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains in Four Cattle Breeds. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164567. [PMID: 27828971 PMCID: PMC5102495 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We have developed a new bioinformatics framework for the analysis of rearranged bovine heavy chain immunoglobulin (Ig) variable regions by combining and refining widely used alignment algorithms. This bioinformatics framework allowed us to investigate alignments of heavy chain framework regions (FRHs) and the separate alignments of FRHs and heavy chain complementarity determining regions (CDRHs) to determine their germline origin in the four cattle breeds Aubrac, German Black Pied, German Simmental, and Holstein Friesian. Now it is also possible to specifically analyze Ig heavy chains possessing exceptionally long CDR3Hs. In order to gain more insight into breed specific differences in Ig combinatorial diversity, somatic hypermutations and putative gene conversions of IgG, we compared the dominantly transcribed variable (IGHV), diversity (IGHD), and joining (IGHJ) segments and their recombination in the four cattle breeds. The analysis revealed the use of 15 different IGHV segments, 21 IGHD segments, and two IGHJ segments with significant different transcription levels within the breeds. Furthermore, there are preferred rearrangements within the three groups of CDR3H lengths. In the sequences of group 2 (CDR3H lengths (L) of 11–47 amino acid residues (aa)) a higher number of recombination was observed than in sequences of group 1 (L≤10 aa) and 3 (L≥48 aa). The combinatorial diversity of germline IGHV, IGHD, and IGHJ-segments revealed 162 rearrangements that were significantly different. The few preferably rearranged gene segments within group 3 CDR3H regions may indicate specialized antibodies because this length is unique in cattle. The most important finding of this study, which was enabled by using the bioinformatics framework, is the discovery of strong evidence for gene conversion as a rare event using pseudogenes fulfilling all definitions for this particular diversification mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Walther
- Department of Animal Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Division of Microbiology and Animal Hygiene, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Georg-August University Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Manfred Tietze
- Department of Animal Breeding, University of Kassel, Witzenhausen, Germany
| | - Claus-Peter Czerny
- Department of Animal Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Division of Microbiology and Animal Hygiene, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Georg-August University Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Sven König
- Department of Animal Breeding, University of Kassel, Witzenhausen, Germany
| | - Ulrike S. Diesterbeck
- Department of Animal Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Division of Microbiology and Animal Hygiene, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Georg-August University Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Cantisani A, Stegmayer K, Bracht T, Federspiel A, Wiest R, Horn H, Müller TJ, Schneider C, Höfle O, Strik W, Walther S. Distinct resting-state perfusion patterns underlie psychomotor retardation in unipolar vs. bipolar depression. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2016; 134:329-38. [PMID: 27497085 DOI: 10.1111/acps.12625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Psychomotor abnormalities characterize both unipolar (UP) depression and bipolar (BP) depression. We aimed to assess their neurobiological correlates in terms of motor activity (AL) and resting-state cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and investigate their association in BP, UP, and healthy controls (HC). METHOD We enrolled 42 depressed patients (22 BP, 20 UP) and 19 HC matched for age, gender, education, income. AL and rCBF were objectively assessed with the use of wrist actigraphy and arterial spin labeling. Group differences and the association of AL and rCBF were computed. RESULTS Activity level was significantly reduced in patients, but no difference was found between BP and UP. Increased perfusion was found in BP compared with UP and HC, in multiple brain areas. We found positive correlations of rCBF and AL in BP and UP, in different parts of the insula and frontal regions. Only BP showed a cluster in the left precentral gyrus. In HC, only inverse correlations of AL and rCBF were found. CONCLUSION The differences in rCBF and in the localization of the clusters of positive AL/rCBF correlations between BP and UP suggest that different neural impairments may underlie motor symptoms in the two disorders, but finally converge in phenotypically similar manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Cantisani
- Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry, Bern, Switzerland. , .,NeuroFarBa Department, University of Florence, Florence, Italy. ,
| | - K Stegmayer
- Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry, Bern, Switzerland
| | - T Bracht
- Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry, Bern, Switzerland
| | - A Federspiel
- Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry, Bern, Switzerland
| | - R Wiest
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - H Horn
- Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry, Bern, Switzerland
| | - T J Müller
- Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry, Bern, Switzerland
| | - C Schneider
- Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry, Bern, Switzerland
| | - O Höfle
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - W Strik
- Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry, Bern, Switzerland
| | - S Walther
- Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry, Bern, Switzerland
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Walther S, Stegmayer K, Tobias B, Federspiel A. Motor symptoms and altered connectivity in schizophrenia. Eur Psychiatry 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia spectrum disorders are frequently associated with motor abnormalities. Aberrant motor function can be observed in patients throughout the course of the disorder, in subjects at high clinical risk and in unaffected first-degree relatives. Schizophrenia is further characterized by white matter abnormalities in multiple fiber tracts and aberrant resting state cerebral perfusion. In a series of studies, we investigated the association of objectively measured motor behavior in terms of activity levels with white matter microstructure and cerebral perfusion at rest. Patients were less active than controls at the behavioral level. In the associations with neuroimaging techniques, we detected that unlike controls, patients’ activity levels were linked to structure and perfusion of cortical motor areas as well as the connecting white matter. In controls instead, motor activity relied on the association of cortico-subcortical motor loops. Thus, some of the motor signs in schizophrenia may result from ineffective coupling between cortical and subcortical motor areas. Finally, preliminary data from functional connectivity analyses support this notion.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Schoretsanitis G, Kutynia A, Stegmayer K, Strik W, Walther S. Keep at bay!--Abnormal personal space regulation as marker of paranoia in schizophrenia. Eur Psychiatry 2015; 31:1-7. [PMID: 26655593 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During threat, interpersonal distance is deliberately increased. Personal space regulation is related to amygdala function and altered in schizophrenia, but it remains unknown whether it is particularly associated with paranoid threat. METHODS We compared performance in two tests on personal space between 64 patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and 24 matched controls. Patients were stratified in those with paranoid threat, neutral affect or paranoid experience of power. In the stop-distance paradigm, participants indicated the minimum tolerable interpersonal distance. In the fixed-distance paradigm, they indicated the level of comfort at fixed interpersonal distances. RESULTS Paranoid threat increased interpersonal distance two-fold in the stop-distance paradigm, and reduced comfort ratings in the fixed-distance paradigm. In contrast, patients experiencing paranoid power had high comfort ratings at any distance. Patients with neutral affect did not differ from controls in the stop-distance paradigm. Differences between groups remained when controlling for gender and positive symptom severity. Among schizophrenia patients, the stop-distance paradigm detected paranoid threat with 93% sensitivity and 83% specificity. CONCLUSIONS Personal space regulation is not generally altered in schizophrenia. However, state paranoid experience has distinct contributions to personal space regulation. Subjects experiencing current paranoid threat share increased safety-seeking behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Schoretsanitis
- Center of translational research, university hospital of psychiatry, university of Bern, 111, Bolligenstrasse, 3000 Bern 60, Switzerland
| | - A Kutynia
- Center of translational research, university hospital of psychiatry, university of Bern, 111, Bolligenstrasse, 3000 Bern 60, Switzerland
| | - K Stegmayer
- Center of translational research, university hospital of psychiatry, university of Bern, 111, Bolligenstrasse, 3000 Bern 60, Switzerland
| | - W Strik
- Center of translational research, university hospital of psychiatry, university of Bern, 111, Bolligenstrasse, 3000 Bern 60, Switzerland
| | - S Walther
- Center of translational research, university hospital of psychiatry, university of Bern, 111, Bolligenstrasse, 3000 Bern 60, Switzerland.
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Rutter K, Walther S, Horvatits T, Drolz A, Roedl K, Bopp C, Wüstenberg R, Kluge S, Fuhrmann V. Clinical impact and outcome of clostridium non-difficile infection in critically ill patients. Intensive Care Med Exp 2015. [PMCID: PMC4796565 DOI: 10.1186/2197-425x-3-s1-a117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Lang FU, Dreyhaupt J, Walther S, Becker T, Jäger M. [Schizophrenic Psychoses with Motor-Dominant Symptoms: Considerations for a System-Specific Approach]. Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr 2015; 83:437-45. [PMID: 26327475 DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1553430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In order to reduce heterogeneity in schizophrenia, a system-specific approach consisting of the domains "language", "affect" and "motor behavior" has been proposed. We examined this system-specific approach for its applicability to clinical practice in the motor behavior domain, using the methodological approach of case studies, and discuss here the differences to the positive/negative concept. We analyzed eight cases with stable motor-dominant symptoms, and also quantitatively assessed motor behavior by using the Bern Psychopathology Scale (BPS), a standardized psychopathological assessment instrument, as well as actigraphic data. Characterization of cases using the positive/negative approach was not helpful. We found an overlap of the motor behavior domain with the other two domains. This complicates the application of the system-specific approach in the sense of a typology. Furthermore, we found both relapsing courses with full remission and chronic courses with deterioration within the motor-dominant subtype. Nevertheless, the system-specific approach has heuristic utility for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- F U Lang
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie II, Universität Ulm, Günzburg
| | - J Dreyhaupt
- Institut für Epidemiologie und Medizinische Biometrie, Universität Ulm
| | - S Walther
- Universitätsklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universität Bern
| | - T Becker
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie II, Universität Ulm, Günzburg
| | - M Jäger
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie II, Universität Ulm, Günzburg
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Walther S, Viher P, Vanbellingen T, Federspiel A, Bohlhalter S, Strik W, Wiest R, Stegmayer K. V7. Impaired postural knowledge in schizophrenia is associated with structural gray and white matter alterations in the praxis network. Clin Neurophysiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2015.04.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Stegmayer K, Sulzbacher J, Vanbellingen T, Benzing V, Bohlhalter S, Müri R, Strik W, Walther S. P169. Impaired gesture performance as potential endophenotype of schizophrenia. Clin Neurophysiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2015.04.268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Stegmayer K, Viher P, Vanbellingen T, Federspiel A, Bohlhalter S, Wiest R, Müri R, Strik W, Walther S. V8. Structural alteration of the praxis network were associated with poor gesture performance in schizophrenia patients. Clin Neurophysiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2015.04.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Lang FU, Walther S, Stegmayer K, Anderson-Schmidt H, Schulze TG, Becker T, Jäger M. Subtyping schizophrenia: A comparison of positive/negative and system-specific approaches. Compr Psychiatry 2015; 61:115-21. [PMID: 26104431 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2015.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia is a heterogeneous disorder. Over the years, different approaches have been proposed to approach this heterogeneity by categorizing symptom patterns. The study aimed to compare positive/negative and system-specific approaches to subtyping. METHODS We used the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and Bern Psychopathology Scale (BPS), which consists of subscales for three domains (language, affect and motor behavior) that are hypothesized to be related to specific brain circuits, to assess cross-sectional psychopathological characteristics in a sample of 100 inpatients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. We then categorized participants into positive/negative and system-specific subgroups to allow comparisons of the two approaches. RESULTS The analyses revealed correlations between the PANSS positive subscore and the BPS affective subscore (r=.446, p<.001) and between the PANSS negative subscore and the BPS motor behavior subscore (r=.227, p=.023). As regards the positive and negative subtype, more participants were classified as positive in the language-dominant subtype (30.3%) and affect-dominant subtype (30.3%), whereas more were classified as negative in the motor behavior-dominant subtype (44.4%). However, most patients met the criteria for the mixed subtype. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that the positive/negative and system-specific approaches can be regarded as complementary. Future studies should examine both approaches in a longitudinal assessment of psychopathological symptoms and link them with qualitative-phenomenological approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- F U Lang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy II, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.
| | - S Walther
- University Hospital of Psychiatry, Bern, Switzerland
| | - K Stegmayer
- University Hospital of Psychiatry, Bern, Switzerland
| | - H Anderson-Schmidt
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics, Munich, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - T G Schulze
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics, Munich, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - T Becker
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy II, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - M Jäger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy II, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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Rydenfelt K, Engerström L, Walther S, Sjöberg F, Strömberg U, Samuelsson C. In-hospital vs. 30-day mortality in the critically ill - a 2-year Swedish intensive care cohort analysis. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2015; 59:846-58. [PMID: 26041018 DOI: 10.1111/aas.12554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2014] [Revised: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Standardised mortality ratio (SMR) is a common quality indicator in critical care and is the ratio between observed mortality and expected mortality. Typically, in-hospital mortality is used to derive SMR, but the use of a time-fixed, more objective, end-point has been advocated. This study aimed to determine the relationship between in-hospital mortality and 30-day mortality on a comprehensive Swedish intensive care cohort. METHODS A retrospective study on patients >15 years old, from the Swedish Intensive Care Register (SIR), where intensive care unit (ICU) admissions in 2009-2010 were matched with the corresponding hospital admissions in the Swedish Hospital Discharge Register. Recalibrated SAPS (Simplified Acute Physiology Score) 3 models were developed to predict and compare in-hospital and 30-day mortality. SMR based on in-hospital mortality and on 30-day mortality were compared between ICUs and between groups with different case-mixes, discharge destinations and length of hospital stays. RESULTS Sixty-five ICUs with 48861 patients, of which 35610 were SAPS 3 scored, were included. Thirty-day mortality (17%) was higher than in-hospital mortality (14%). The SMR based on 30-day mortality and that based on in-hospital mortality differed significantly in 7/53 ICUs, for patients with sepsis, for elective surgery-admissions and in groups categorised according to discharge destination and hospital length of stay. CONCLUSION Choice of mortality end-point influences SMR. The extent of the influence depends on hospital-, ICU- and patient cohort characteristics as well as inter-hospital transfer rates, as all these factors influence the difference between SMR based on 30-day mortality and SMR based on in-hospital mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Rydenfelt
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care; Akershus University Hospital; Lørenskog Norway
| | - L. Engerström
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care; Vrinnevi Hospital; Norrköping Sweden
- Department of Cardiothoracic Anaesthesia and Intensive Care; Linköping University Hospital; Linköping Sweden
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences; Faculty of Health Sciences; Linköping University; Linköping Sweden
| | - S. Walther
- Department of Cardiothoracic Anaesthesia and Intensive Care; Linköping University Hospital; Linköping Sweden
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences; Faculty of Health Sciences; Linköping University; Linköping Sweden
| | - F. Sjöberg
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine; Faculty of Health Sciences; Linköping University; Linköping Sweden
- The Burn Centre; Department of Hand, Plastic Surgery and Intensive Care; Linköping County Council; Linköping Sweden
| | - U. Strömberg
- Department of Research, Development and Education; Halland Hospital; Halmstad Sweden
| | - C. Samuelsson
- Department of Intensive and Perioperative Care; Skåne University Hospital; Malmö/Lund Sweden
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care; Halland Hospital; Halmstad Sweden
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Walther S, Stegmayer K, Sulzbacher J, Vanbellingen T, Müri R, Strik W, Bohlhalter S. P168. Nonverbal social communication in schizophrenia is linked to gesture performance. Clin Neurophysiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2015.04.267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Benzing V, Stegmayer K, Viher P, Vanbellingen T, Federspiel A, Schaub N, Wiest R, Bohlhalter S, Müri R, Strik W, Walther S. P107. Disturbed fine motor performance is associated with altered structure and perfusion of the motor system in schizophrenia. Clin Neurophysiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2015.04.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Walther S, Edwards JN, Maxwell JT, Pluteanu F, Renz S, Pieske B, Blatter LA. Urocortin 2 Regulates Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Calcium via Phosphorylation of Phospholamban and SERCA Activation and Protects against Pro-Arrhythmic Alternans in Cardiac Myocytes from Normal and Failing Hearts. Biophys J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2014.11.1455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Abstract
The optimal treatment of schizophrenia patients requires integration of medical and psychosocial inputs. In Germany, various health-care service providers and institutions are involved in the treatment process. Early and continuous treatment is important but often not possible because of the fragmented medical care system in Germany. The Integrated Care Initiative Schizophrenia has implemented a networked care concept in the German federal state of Lower Saxony that integrates various stakeholders of the health care system. In this initiative, office-based psychiatrists, specialized nursing staff, psychologists, social workers, hospitals, psychiatric institutional outpatient's departments, and other community-based mental health services work together in an interdisciplinary approach. Much emphasis is placed on psychoeducation. Additional efforts cover socio-therapy, visiting care, and family support. During the period from October 2010 (start of the initiative) to December 2012, first experiences and results of quality indicators were collected of 713 registered patients and summarized in a quality monitoring report. In addition, standardized patient interviews were conducted, and duration of hospital days was recorded in 2013. By the end of 2012, patients had been enrolled for an average of 18.7 months. The overall patient satisfaction measured in a patient survey in June 2013 was high and the duration of hospital days measured in a pre-post analysis in July 2013 was reduced by 44%. Two years earlier than planned, the insurance fund will continue the successfully implemented Integrated Care Initiative and adopt it in the regular care setting. This initiative can serve as a learning case for how to set up and measure integrated care systems that may improve outcomes for patients suffering from schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rainer Woltmann
- Private Practice for Neurology and Psychiatry , Wildeshausen , Germany
| | - Stefanie Walther
- Department of Health Outcome Management, Janssen-Cilag GmbH , Neuss , Germany
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Hohendanner F, Walther S, Maxwell JT, Kettlewell S, Awad S, Smith GL, Lonchyna VA, Blatter LA. Inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate induced Ca2+ release and excitation-contraction coupling in atrial myocytes from normal and failing hearts. J Physiol 2014; 593:1459-77. [PMID: 25416623 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2014.283226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Impaired calcium (Ca(2+)) signalling is the main contributor to depressed ventricular contractile function and occurrence of arrhythmia in heart failure (HF). Here we report that in atrial cells of a rabbit HF model, Ca(2+) signalling is enhanced and we identified the underlying cellular mechanisms. Enhanced Ca(2+) transients (CaTs) are due to upregulation of inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor induced Ca(2+) release (IICR) and decreased mitochondrial Ca(2+) sequestration. Enhanced IICR, however, together with an increased activity of the sodium-calcium exchange mechanism, also facilitates spontaneous Ca(2+) release in form of arrhythmogenic Ca(2+) waves and spontaneous action potentials, thus enhancing the arrhythmogenic potential of atrial cells. Our data show that enhanced Ca(2+) signalling in HF provides atrial cells with a mechanism to improve ventricular filling and to maintain cardiac output, but also increases the susceptibility to develop atrial arrhythmias facilitated by spontaneous Ca(2+) release. ABSTRACT We studied excitation-contraction coupling (ECC) and inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3)-dependent Ca(2+) release in normal and heart failure (HF) rabbit atrial cells. Left ventricular HF was induced by combined volume and pressure overload. In HF atrial myocytes diastolic [Ca(2+)]i was increased, action potential (AP)-induced Ca(2+) transients (CaTs) were larger in amplitude, primarily due to enhanced Ca(2+) release from central non-junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and centripetal propagation of activation was accelerated, whereas HF ventricular CaTs were depressed. The larger CaTs were due to enhanced IP3 receptor-induced Ca(2+) release (IICR) and reduced mitochondrial Ca(2+) buffering, consistent with a reduced mitochondrial density and Ca(2+) uptake capacity in HF. Elementary IP3 receptor-mediated Ca(2+) release events (Ca(2+) puffs) were more frequent in HF atrial myoctes and were detected more often in central regions of the non-junctional SR compared to normal cells. HF cells had an overall higher frequency of spontaneous Ca(2+) waves and a larger fraction of waves (termed arrhythmogenic Ca(2+) waves) triggered APs and global CaTs. The higher propensity of arrhythmogenic Ca(2+) waves resulted from the combined action of enhanced IICR and increased activity of sarcolemmal Na(+)-Ca(2+) exchange depolarizing the cell membrane. In conclusion, the data support the hypothesis that in atrial myocytes from hearts with left ventricular failure, enhanced CaTs during ECC exert positive inotropic effects on atrial contractility which facilitates ventricular filling and contributes to maintaining cardiac output. However, HF atrial cells were also more susceptible to developing arrhythmogenic Ca(2+) waves which might form the substrate for atrial rhythm disorders frequently encountered in HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Hohendanner
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Physiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
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Kessler L, Adams R, Mighion L, Walther S, Ganguly A. Prenatal diagnosis in haemophilia A: experience of the genetic diagnostic laboratory. Haemophilia 2014; 20:e384-91. [PMID: 25196590 DOI: 10.1111/hae.12517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The paper describes the experience of the Genetic Diagnostic Laboratory in prenatal testing for haemophilia A, an X-linked recessive disease caused by mutations in the F8 gene. Knowledge of a familial mutation prior to pregnancy can benefit prenatal diagnosis and decrease wait time for molecular testing during pregnancy. This is a retrospective review of a series of pregnant women who pursued F8 gene testing from December 1997 through May 2012, highlighting three cases, which demonstrate the technical complexities of analysis and the implications of not knowing carrier status prior to pregnancy. Mutations of the F8 gene were detected in affected males, obligate female carriers and suspected female carriers by DNA sequencing, inverse-PCR, qRT-PCR, Southern blot and exonic dosage analysis. The same methods were used to analyse prenatal samples from obligate or suspected female carriers upon request. Maternal cell contamination studies were performed for all prenatal samples analysed. Ninety-nine women pursued F8 testing during pregnancy, either for carrier status alone or carrier status and prenatal diagnosis. Ninety-one women (91%) requested carrier testing because they did not know their F8 mutation carrier status prior to pregnancy. Eight women requested prenatal diagnosis only, and only 4 of these were aware of their mutation status. Thirty-seven individuals were found to be mutation carriers. Forty-two prenatal samples were received for prenatal diagnosis. In total 21 foetuses were identified as mutation carriers. Mutation detection was complex and increased the turnaround time in some cases. Only four of 99 women who submitted samples for F8 testing were aware of their F8 mutation status prior to pregnancy. Knowledge of F8 mutation status prior to pregnancy allows for efficient prenatal diagnosis, when desired. Thus, preconception genetic counselling is required to inform patients of the available options and the complex and time-consuming nature of F8 testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Kessler
- The Genetic Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Walther S, Pluteanu F, Renz S, Nikonova Y, Maxwell JT, Yang LZ, Schmidt K, Edwards JN, Wakula P, Groschner K, Maier LS, Spiess J, Blatter LA, Pieske B, Kockskämper J. Urocortin 2 stimulates nitric oxide production in ventricular myocytes via Akt- and PKA-mediated phosphorylation of eNOS at serine 1177. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2014; 307:H689-700. [PMID: 25015964 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00694.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Urocortin 2 (Ucn2) is a cardioactive peptide exhibiting beneficial effects in normal and failing heart. In cardiomyocytes, it elicits cAMP- and Ca(2+)-dependent positive inotropic and lusitropic effects. We tested the hypothesis that, in addition, Ucn2 activates cardiac nitric oxide (NO) signaling and elucidated the underlying signaling pathways and mechanisms. In isolated rabbit ventricular myocytes, Ucn2 caused concentration- and time-dependent increases in phosphorylation of Akt (Ser473, Thr308), endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) (Ser1177), and ERK1/2 (Thr202/Tyr204). ERK1/2 phosphorylation, but not Akt and eNOS phosphorylation, was suppressed by inhibition of MEK1/2. Increased Akt phosphorylation resulted in increased Akt kinase activity and was mediated by corticotropin-releasing factor 2 (CRF2) receptors (astressin-2B sensitive). Inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) diminished both Akt as well as eNOS phosphorylation mediated by Ucn2. Inhibition of protein kinase A (PKA) reduced Ucn2-induced phosphorylation of eNOS but did not affect the increase in phosphorylation of Akt. Conversely, direct receptor-independent elevation of cAMP via forskolin increased phosphorylation of eNOS but not of Akt. Ucn2 increased intracellular NO concentration ([NO]i), [cGMP], [cAMP], and cell shortening. Inhibition of eNOS suppressed the increases in [NO]i and cell shortening. When both PI3K-Akt and cAMP-PKA signaling were inhibited, the Ucn2-induced increases in [NO]i and cell shortening were attenuated. Thus, in rabbit ventricular myocytes, Ucn2 causes activation of cAMP-PKA, PI3K-Akt, and MEK1/2-ERK1/2 signaling. The MEK1/2-ERK1/2 pathway is not required for stimulation of NO signaling in these cells. The other two pathways, cAMP-PKA and PI3K-Akt, converge on eNOS phosphorylation at Ser1177 and result in pronounced and sustained cellular NO production with subsequent stimulation of cGMP signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Walther
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Physiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Florentina Pluteanu
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Biochemical and Pharmacological Centre Marburg, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Renz
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medicine Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Yulia Nikonova
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Biochemical and Pharmacological Centre Marburg, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Joshua T Maxwell
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Physiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Li-Zhen Yang
- Molecular Neuroendocrinology Group of the Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany, and Specialized Neuroscience Research Program 2, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kurt Schmidt
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Karl-Franzens-University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Joshua N Edwards
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Physiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Paulina Wakula
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Klaus Groschner
- Ludwig-Boltzmann-Institute for Translational Heart Failure Research, Graz, Austria; Institute of Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Lars S Maier
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medicine Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; Clinic and Policlinic for Internal Medicine II, University Clinics Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; and
| | - Joachim Spiess
- Molecular Neuroendocrinology Group of the Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany, and Specialized Neuroscience Research Program 2, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii; Sanford Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Lothar A Blatter
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Physiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Burkert Pieske
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Ludwig-Boltzmann-Institute for Translational Heart Failure Research, Graz, Austria
| | - Jens Kockskämper
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Biochemical and Pharmacological Centre Marburg, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany;
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Holm J, Vidlund M, Vanky F, Friberg Ö, Håkanson E, Walther S, Svedjeholm R. EuroSCORE II and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide for risk evaluation: an observational longitudinal study in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Br J Anaesth 2014; 113:75-82. [DOI: 10.1093/bja/aeu088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Abstract
Urocortin II (UcnII), a cardioactive peptide with beneficial effects in normal and failing hearts, is also arrhythmogenic and prohypertrophic. We demonstrated that cardiac effects are mediated by a phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt kinase (Akt)/endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)/nitric oxide (NO) signaling pathways. Nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) transcription factors play a key role in the regulation of gene expression in cardiac development, maintenance of an adult differentiated cardiac phenotype, and remodeling processes in cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure (HF). We tested the hypothesis that UcnII differentially regulates NFAT activity in cardiac myocytes from both normal and failing hearts through the PI3K/Akt/eNOS/NO pathway. Isoforms NFATc1 and NFATc3 revealed different basal subcellular distribution in normal and HF rabbit ventricular myocytes with a nuclear NFATc1 and a cytosolic localization of NFATc3. However, in HF, the nuclear localization of NFATc1 was less pronounced, whereas the nuclear occupancy of NFATc3 was increased. In normal myocytes, UcnII induced nuclear export of NFATc1 and attenuated NFAT-dependent transcriptional activity but did not affect the distribution of NFATc3. In HF UcnII facilitated nuclear export of both isoforms and reduced transcriptional activity. NFAT regulation was mediated by a PI3K/Akt/eNOS/NO signaling cascade that converged on the activation of several kinases, including glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β), c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK), p38 mitogen-activated kinase (p38), and PKG, resulting in phosphorylation, deactivation, and nuclear export of NFAT. In conclusion, while NFATc1 and NFATc3 reveal distinct subcellular distribution patterns, both are regulated by the UcnII-PI3K/Akt/eNOS/NO pathway that converges on the activation of NFAT kinases and NFAT inactivation. The data reconcile cardioprotective and prohypertrophic UcnII effects mediated by different NFAT isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Walther
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Physiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
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Walther S, Edwards JN, Pluteanu F, Renz S, Schmidt K, Pieske B, Kockskaemper J, Blatter LA. Urocortin 2 Protects Against Pacing-Induced Alternans via Phosphorylation of Phospholamban in Cardiac Myocytes from Normal and Failing Hearts. Biophys J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2013.11.699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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He BJ, Nolte G, Nagata K, Takano D, Yamazaki T, Fujimaki Y, Maeda T, Satoh Y, Heckers S, George MS, Lopes da Silva F, de Munck JC, Van Houdt PJ, Verdaasdonk RM, Ossenblok P, Mullinger K, Bowtell R, Bagshaw AP, Keeser D, Karch S, Segmiller F, Hantschk I, Berman A, Padberg F, Pogarell O, Scharnowski F, Karch S, Hümmer S, Keeser D, Paolini M, Kirsch V, Koller G, Rauchmann B, Kupka M, Blautzik J, Pogarell O, Razavi N, Jann K, Koenig T, Kottlow M, Hauf M, Strik W, Dierks T, Gotman J, Vulliemoz S, Lu Y, Zhang H, Yang L, Worrell G, He B, Gruber O, Piguet C, Hubl D, Homan P, Kindler J, Dierks T, Kim K, Steinhoff U, Wakai R, Koenig T, Kottlow M, Melie-García L, Mucci A, Volpe U, Prinster A, Salvatore M, Galderisi S, Linden DEJ, Brandeis D, Schroeder CE, Kayser C, Panzeri S, Kleinschmidt A, Ritter P, Walther S, Haueisen J, Lau S, Flemming L, Sonntag H, Maess B, Knösche TR, Lanfer B, Dannhauer M, Wolters CH, Stenroos M, Haueisen J, Wolters C, Aydin U, Lanfer B, Lew S, Lucka F, Ruthotto L, Vorwerk J, Wagner S, Ramon C, Guan C, Ang KK, Chua SG, Kuah WK, Phua KS, Chew E, Zhou H, Chuang KH, Ang BT, Wang C, Zhang H, Yang H, Chin ZY, Yu H, Pan Y, Collins L, Mainsah B, Colwell K, Morton K, Ryan D, Sellers E, Caves K, Throckmorton S, Kübler A, Holz EM, Zickler C, Sellers E, Ryan D, Brown K, Colwell K, Mainsah B, Caves K, Throckmorton S, Collins L, Wennberg R, Ahlfors SP, Grova C, Chowdhury R, Hedrich T, Heers M, Zelmann R, Hall JA, Lina JM, Kobayashi E, Oostendorp T, van Dam P, Oosterhof P, Linnenbank A, Coronel R, van Dessel P, de Bakker J, Rossion B, Jacques C, Witthoft N, Weiner KS, Foster BL, Miller KJ, Hermes D, Parvizi J, Grill-Spector K, Recanzone GH, Murray MM, Haynes JD, Richiardi J, Greicius M, De Lucia M, Müller KR, Formisano E, Smieskova R, Schmidt A, Bendfeldt K, Walter A, Riecher-Rössler A, Borgwardt S, Fusar-Poli P, Eliez S, Schmidt A, Sekihara K, Nagarajan SS, Schoffelen JM, Guggisberg AG, Nolte G, Balazs S, Kermanshahi K, Kiesenhofer W, Binder H, Rattay F, Antal A, Chaieb L, Paulus W, Bodis-Wollner I, Maurer K, Fein G, Camchong J, Johnstone J, Cardenas-Nicolson V, Fiederer LDJ, Lucka F, Yang S, Vorwerk J, Dümpelmann M, Cosandier-Rimélé D, Schulze-Bonhage A, Aertsen A, Speck O, Wolters CH, Ball T, Fuchs M, Wagner M, Kastner J, Tech R, Dinh C, Haueisen J, Baumgarten D, Hämäläinen MS, Lau S, Vogrin SJ, D'Souza W, Haueisen J, Cook MJ, Custo A, Van De Ville D, Vulliemoz S, Grouiller F, Michel CM, Malmivuo J, Aydin U, Vorwerk J, Küpper P, Heers M, Kugel H, Wellmer J, Kellinghaus C, Scherg M, Rampp S, Wolters C, Storti SF, Boscolo Galazzo I, Del Felice A, Pizzini FB, Arcaro C, Formaggio E, Mai R, Manganotti P, Koessler L, Vignal J, Cecchin T, Colnat-Coulbois S, Vespignani H, Ramantani G, Maillard L, Rektor I, Kuba R, Brázdil M, Chrastina J, Rektorova I, van Mierlo P, Carrette E, Strobbe G, Montes-Restrepo V, Vonck K, Vandenberghe S, Ahmed B, Brodely C, Carlson C, Kuzniecky R, Devinsky O, French J, Thesen T, Bénis D, David O, Lachaux JP, Seigneuret E, Krack P, Fraix V, Chabardès S, Bastin J, Jann K, Gee D, Kilroy E, Cannon T, Wang DJ, Hale JR, Mayhew SD, Przezdzik I, Arvanitis TN, Bagshaw AP, Plomp G, Quairiaux C, Astolfi L, Michel CM, Mayhew SD, Mullinger KJ, Bagshaw AP, Bowtell R, Francis ST, Schouten AC, Campfens SF, van der Kooij H, Koles Z, Lind J, Flor-Henry P, Wirth M, Haase CM, Villeneuve S, Vogel J, Jagust WJ, Kambeitz-Ilankovic L, Simon-Vermot L, Gesierich B, Duering M, Ewers M, Rektorova I, Krajcovicova L, Marecek R, Mikl M, Bracht T, Horn H, Strik W, Federspiel A, Schnell S, Höfle O, Stegmayer K, Wiest R, Dierks T, Müller TJ, Walther S, Surmeli T, Ertem A, Eralp E, Kos IH, Skrandies W, Flüggen S, Klein A, Britz J, Díaz Hernàndez L, Ro T, Michel CM, Lenartowicz A, Lau E, Rodriguez C, Cohen MS, Loo SK, Di Lorenzo G, Pagani M, Monaco L, Daverio A, Giannoudas I, La Porta P, Verardo AR, Niolu C, Fernandez I, Siracusano A, Flor-Henry P, Lind J, Koles Z, Bollmann S, Ghisleni C, O'Gorman R, Poil SS, Klaver P, Michels L, Martin E, Ball J, Eich-Höchli D, Brandeis D, Salisbury DF, Murphy TK, Butera CD, Mathalon DH, Fryer SL, Kiehl KA, Calhoun VC, Pearlson GD, Roach BJ, Ford JM, McGlashan TH, Woods SW, Volpe U, Merlotti E, Vignapiano A, Montefusco V, Plescia GM, Gallo O, Romano P, Mucci A, Galderisi S, Mingoia G, Langbein K, Dietzek M, Wagner G, Smesny, Scherpiet S, Maitra R, Gaser C, Sauer H, Nenadic I, Gonzalez Andino S, Grave de Peralta Menendez R, Grave de Peralta Menendez R, Sanchez Vives M, Rebollo B, Gonzalez Andino S, Frølich L, Andersen TS, Mørup M, Belfiore P, Gargiulo P, Ramon C, Vanhatalo S, Cho JH, Vorwerk J, Wolters CH, Knösche TR, Watanabe T, Kawabata Y, Ukegawa D, Kawabata S, Adachi Y, Sekihara K, Sekihara K, Nagarajan SS, Wagner S, Aydin U, Vorwerk J, Herrmann C, Burger M, Wolters C, Lucka F, Aydin U, Vorwerk J, Burger M, Wolters C, Bauer M, Trahms L, Sander T, Faber PL, Lehmann D, Gianotti LRR, Pascual-Marqui RD, Milz P, Kochi K, Kaneko S, Yamashita S, Yana K, Kalogianni K, Vardy AN, Schouten AC, van der Helm FCT, Sorrentino A, Luria G, Aramini R, Hunold A, Funke M, Eichardt R, Haueisen J, Gómez-Aguilar F, Vázquez-Olvera S, Cordova-Fraga T, Castro-López J, Hernández-Gonzalez MA, Solorio-Meza S, Sosa-Aquino M, Bernal-Alvarado JJ, Vargas-Luna M, Vorwerk J, Magyari L, Ludewig J, Oostenveld R, Wolters CH, Vorwerk J, Engwer C, Ludewig J, Wolters C, Sato K, Nishibe T, Furuya M, Yamashiro K, Yana K, Ono T, Puthanmadam Subramaniyam N, Hyttinen J, Lau S, Güllmar D, Flemming L, Haueisen J, Sonntag H, Vorwerk J, Wolters CH, Grasedyck L, Haueisen J, Maeß B, Freitag S, Graichen U, Fiedler P, Strohmeier D, Haueisen J, Stenroos M, Hauk O, Grigutsch M, Felber M, Maess B, Herrmann B, Strobbe G, van Mierlo P, Vandenberghe S, Strobbe G, Cárdenas-Peña D, Montes-Restrepo V, van Mierlo P, Castellanos-Dominguez G, Vandenberghe S, Lanfer B, Paul-Jordanov I, Scherg M, Wolters CH, Ito Y, Sato D, Kamada K, Kobayashi T, Dalal SS, Rampp S, Willomitzer F, Arold O, Fouladi-Movahed S, Häusler G, Stefan H, Ettl S, Zhang S, Zhang Y, Li H, Kong X, Montes-Restrepo V, Strobbe G, van Mierlo P, Vandenberghe S, Wong DDE, Bidet-Caulet A, Knight RT, Crone NE, Dalal SS, Birot G, Spinelli L, Vulliémoz S, Seeck M, Michel CM, Emory H, Wells C, Mizrahi N, Vogrin SJ, Lau S, Cook MJ, Karahanoglu FI, Grouiller F, Caballero-Gaudes C, Seeck M, Vulliemoz S, Van De Ville D, Spinelli L, Megevand P, Genetti M, Schaller K, Michel C, Vulliemoz S, Seeck M, Genetti M, Tyrand R, Grouiller F, Vulliemoz S, Spinelli L, Seeck M, Schaller K, Michel CM, Grouiller F, Heinzer S, Delattre B, Lazeyras F, Spinelli L, Pittau F, Seeck M, Ratib O, Vargas M, Garibotto V, Vulliemoz S, Vogrin SJ, Bailey CA, Kean M, Warren AE, Davidson A, Seal M, Harvey AS, Archer JS, Papadopoulou M, Leite M, van Mierlo P, Vonck K, Boon P, Friston K, Marinazzo D, Ramon C, Holmes M, Koessler L, Rikir E, Gavaret M, Bartolomei F, Vignal JP, Vespignani H, Maillard L, Centeno M, Perani S, Pier K, Lemieux L, Clayden J, Clark C, Pressler R, Cross H, Carmichael DW, Spring A, Bessemer R, Pittman D, Aghakhani Y, Federico P, Pittau F, Grouiller F, Vulliémoz S, Gotman J, Badier JM, Bénar CG, Bartolomei F, Cruto C, Chauvel P, Gavaret M, Brodbeck V, van Leeuwen T, Tagliazzuchi E, Melloni L, Laufs H, Griskova-Bulanova I, Dapsys K, Klein C, Hänggi J, Jäncke L, Ehinger BV, Fischer P, Gert AL, Kaufhold L, Weber F, Marchante Fernandez M, Pipa G, König P, Sekihara K, Hiyama E, Koga R, Iannilli E, Michel CM, Bartmuss AL, Gupta N, Hummel T, Boecker R, Holz N, Buchmann AF, Blomeyer D, Plichta MM, Wolf I, Baumeister S, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Banaschewski T, Brandeis D, Laucht M, Natahara S, Ueno M, Kobayashi T, Kottlow M, Bänninger A, Koenig T, Schwab S, Koenig T, Federspiel A, Dierks T, Jann K, Natsukawa H, Kobayashi T, Tüshaus L, Koenig T, Kottlow M, Achermann P, Wilson RS, Mayhew SD, Assecondi S, Arvanitis TN, Bagshaw AP, Darque A, Rihs TA, Grouiller F, Lazeyras F, Ha-Vinh Leuchter R, Caballero C, Michel CM, Hüppi PS, Hauser TU, Hunt LT, Iannaccone R, Stämpfli P, Brandeis D, Dolan RJ, Walitza S, Brem S, Graichen U, Eichardt R, Fiedler P, Strohmeier D, Freitag S, Zanow F, Haueisen J, Lordier L, Grouiller F, Van de Ville D, Sancho Rossignol A, Cordero I, Lazeyras F, Ansermet F, Hüppi P, Schläpfer A, Rubia K, Brandeis D, Di Lorenzo G, Pagani M, Monaco L, Daverio A, Giannoudas I, Verardo AR, La Porta P, Niolu C, Fernandez I, Siracusano A, Tamura K, Karube C, Mizuba T, Matsufuji M, Takashima S, Iramina K, Assecondi S, Ostwald D, Bagshaw AP, Marecek R, Brazdil M, Lamos M, Slavícek T, Marecek R, Jan J, Meier NM, Perrig W, Koenig T, Minami T, Noritake Y, Nakauchi S, Azuma K, Minami T, Nakauchi S, Rodriguez C, Lenartowicz A, Cohen MS, Rodriguez C, Lenartowicz A, Cohen MS, Iramina K, Kinoshita H, Tamura K, Karube C, Kaneko M, Ide J, Noguchi Y, Cohen MS, Douglas PK, Rodriguez CM, Xia HJ, Zimmerman EM, Konopka CJ, Epstein PS, Konopka LM, Giezendanner S, Fisler M, Soravia L, Andreotti J, Wiest R, Dierks T, Federspiel A, Razavi N, Federspiel A, Dierks T, Hauf M, Jann K, Kamada K, Sato D, Ito Y, Okano K, Mizutani N, Kobayashi T, Thelen A, Murray M, Pastena L, Formaggio E, Storti SF, Faralli F, Melucci M, Gagliardi R, Ricciardi L, Ruffino G, Coito A, Macku P, Tyrand R, Astolfi L, He B, Wiest R, Seeck M, Michel C, Plomp G, Vulliemoz S, Fischmeister FPS, Glaser J, Schöpf V, Bauer H, Beisteiner R, Deligianni F, Centeno M, Carmichael DW, Clayden J, Mingoia G, Langbein K, Dietzek M, Wagner G, Smesny S, Scherpiet S, Maitra R, Gaser C, Sauer H, Nenadic I, Dürschmid S, Zaehle T, Pannek H, Chang HF, Voges J, Rieger J, Knight RT, Heinze HJ, Hinrichs H, Tsatsishvili V, Cong F, Puoliväli T, Alluri V, Toiviainen P, Nandi AK, Brattico E, Ristaniemi T, Grieder M, Crinelli RM, Jann K, Federspiel A, Wirth M, Koenig T, Stein M, Wahlund LO, Dierks T, Atsumori H, Yamaguchi R, Okano Y, Sato H, Funane T, Sakamoto K, Kiguchi M, Tränkner A, Schindler S, Schmidt F, Strauß M, Trampel R, Hegerl U, Turner R, Geyer S, Schönknecht P, Kebets V, van Assche M, Goldstein R, van der Meulen M, Vuilleumier P, Richiardi J, Van De Ville D, Assal F, Wozniak-Kwasniewska A, Szekely D, Harquel S, Bougerol T, David O, Bracht T, Jones DK, Horn H, Müller TJ, Walther S, Sos P, Klirova M, Novak T, Brunovsky M, Horacek J, Bares M, Hoschl C C, Fellhauer I, Zöllner FG, Schröder J, Kong L, Essig M, Schad LR, Arrubla J, Neuner I, Hahn D, Boers F, Shah NJ, Neuner I, Arrubla J, Hahn D, Boers F, Jon Shah N, Suriya Prakash M, Sharma R, Kawaguchi H, Kobayashi T, Fiedler P, Griebel S, Biller S, Fonseca C, Vaz F, Zentner L, Zanow F, Haueisen J, Rochas V, Rihs T, Thut G, Rosenberg N, Landis T, Michel C, Moliadze V, Schmanke T, Lyzhko E, Bassüner S, Freitag C, Siniatchkin M, Thézé R, Guggisberg AG, Nahum L, Schnider A, Meier L, Friedrich H, Jann K, Landis B, Wiest R, Federspiel A, Strik W, Dierks T, Witte M, Kober SE, Neuper C, Wood G, König R, Matysiak A, Kordecki W, Sieluzycki C, Zacharias N, Heil P, Wyss C, Boers F, Arrubla J, Dammers J, Kawohl W, Neuner I, Shah NJ, Braboszcz C, Cahn RB, Levy J, Fernandez M, Delorme A, Rosas-Martinez L, Milne E, Zheng Y, Urakami Y, Kawamura K, Washizawa Y, Hiyoshi K, Cichocki A, Giroud N, Dellwo V, Meyer M, Rufener KS, Liem F, Dellwo V, Meyer M, Jones-Rounds JD, Raizada R, Staljanssens W, Strobbe G, van Mierlo P, Van Holen R, Vandenberghe S, Pefkou M, Becker R, Michel C, Hervais-Adelman A, He W, Brock J, Johnson B, Ohla K, Hitz K, Heekeren K, Obermann C, Huber T, Juckel G, Kawohl W, Gabriel D, Comte A, Henriques J, Magnin E, Grigoryeva L, Ortega JP, Haffen E, Moulin T, Pazart L, Aubry R, Kukleta M, Baris Turak B, Louvel J, Crespo-Garcia M, Cantero JL, Atienza M, Connell S, Kilborn K, Damborská A, Brázdil M, Rektor I, Kukleta M, Koberda JL, Bienkiewicz A, Koberda I, Koberda P, Moses A, Tomescu M, Rihs T, Britz J, Custo A, Grouiller F, Schneider M, Debbané M, Eliez S, Michel C, Wang GY, Kydd R, Wouldes TA, Jensen M, Russell BR, Dissanayaka N, Au T, Angwin A, O'Sullivan J, Byrne G, Silburn P, Marsh R, Mellic G, Copland D, Bänninger A, Kottlow M, Díaz Hernàndez L, Koenig T, Díaz Hernàndez L, Bänninger A, Koenig T, Hauser TU, Iannaccone R, Mathys C, Ball J, Drechsler R, Brandeis D, Walitza S, Brem S, Boeijinga PH, Pang EW, Valica T, Macdonald MJ, Oh A, Lerch JP, Anagnostou E, Di Lorenzo G, Pagani M, Monaco L, Daverio A, Verardo AR, Giannoudas I, La Porta P, Niolu C, Fernandez I, Siracusano A, Shimada T, Matsuda Y, Monkawa A, Monkawa T, Hashimoto R, Watanabe K, Kawasaki Y, Matsuda Y, Shimada T, Monkawa T, Monkawa A, Watanabe K, Kawasaki Y, Stegmayer K, Horn H, Federspiel A, Razavi N, Bracht T, Laimböck K, Strik W, Dierks T, Wiest R, Müller TJ, Walther S, Koorenhof LJ, Swithenby SJ, Martins-Mourao A, Rihs TA, Tomescu M, Song KW, Custo A, Knebel JF, Murray M, Eliez S, Michel CM, Volpe U, Merlotti E, Vignapiano A, Montefusco V, Plescia GM, Gallo O, Romano P, Mucci A, Galderisi S, Laimboeck K, Jann K, Walther S, Federspiel A, Wiest R, Strik W, Horn H. Abstracts of Presentations at the International Conference on Basic and Clinical Multimodal Imaging (BaCI), a Joint Conference of the International Society for Neuroimaging in Psychiatry (ISNIP), the International Society for Functional Source Imaging (ISFSI), the International Society for Bioelectromagnetism (ISBEM), the International Society for Brain Electromagnetic Topography (ISBET), and the EEG and Clinical Neuroscience Society (ECNS), in Geneva, Switzerland, September 5-8, 2013. Clin EEG Neurosci 2013; 44:1550059413507209. [PMID: 24368763 DOI: 10.1177/1550059413507209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B J He
- National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Sedej S, Schmidt A, Denegri M, Walther S, Matovina M, Arnstein G, Gutschi EM, Windhager I, Ljubojević S, Negri S, Heinzel FR, Bisping E, Vos MA, Napolitano C, Priori SG, Kockskämper J, Pieske B. Subclinical abnormalities in sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) release promote eccentric myocardial remodeling and pump failure death in response to pressure overload. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013; 63:1569-79. [PMID: 24315909 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2013.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Revised: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study sought to explore whether subclinical alterations of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca(2+) release through cardiac ryanodine receptors (RyR2) aggravate cardiac remodeling in mice carrying a human RyR2(R4496C+/-) gain-of-function mutation in response to pressure overload. BACKGROUND RyR2 dysfunction causes increased diastolic SR Ca(2+) release associated with arrhythmias and contractile dysfunction in inherited and acquired cardiac diseases, such as catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia and heart failure (HF). METHODS Functional and structural properties of wild-type and catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia-associated RyR2(R4496C+/-) hearts were characterized under conditions of pressure overload induced by transverse aortic constriction (TAC). RESULTS Wild-type and RyR2(R4496C+/-) hearts had comparable structural and functional properties at baseline. After TAC, RyR2(R4496C+/-) hearts responded with eccentric hypertrophy, substantial fibrosis, ventricular dilation, and reduced fractional shortening, ultimately resulting in overt HF. RyR2(R4496C+/-)-TAC cardiomyocytes showed increased incidence of spontaneous SR Ca(2+) release events, reduced Ca(2+) transient peak amplitude, and SR Ca(2+) content as well as reduced SR Ca(2+)-ATPase 2a and increased Na(+)/Ca(2+)-exchanger protein expression. HF phenotype in RyR2(R4496C+/-)-TAC mice was associated with increased mortality due to pump failure but not tachyarrhythmic events. RyR2-stabilizer K201 markedly reduced Ca(2+) spark frequency in RyR2(R4496C+/-)-TAC cardiomyocytes. Mini-osmotic pump infusion of K201 prevented deleterious remodeling and improved survival in RyR2(R4496C+/-)-TAC mice. CONCLUSIONS The combination of subclinical congenital alteration of SR Ca(2+) release and pressure overload promoted eccentric remodeling and HF death in RyR2(R4496C+/-) mice, and pharmacological RyR2 stabilization prevented this deleterious interaction. These findings suggest potential clinical relevance for patients with acquired or inherited gain-of-function of RyR2-mediated SR Ca(2+) release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Sedej
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Translational Heart Failure Research, Graz, Austria.
| | - Albrecht Schmidt
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Marco Denegri
- IRCCS Salvatore Maugeri Foundation and Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Stefanie Walther
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Marinko Matovina
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Georg Arnstein
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Eva-Maria Gutschi
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Translational Heart Failure Research, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Senka Ljubojević
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Translational Heart Failure Research, Graz, Austria
| | - Sara Negri
- IRCCS Salvatore Maugeri Foundation and Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Frank R Heinzel
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Translational Heart Failure Research, Graz, Austria
| | - Egbert Bisping
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Translational Heart Failure Research, Graz, Austria
| | - Marc A Vos
- Department of Medical Physiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Carlo Napolitano
- IRCCS Salvatore Maugeri Foundation and Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Silvia G Priori
- IRCCS Salvatore Maugeri Foundation and Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Jens Kockskämper
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Burkert Pieske
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Translational Heart Failure Research, Graz, Austria.
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Walther S, Ramseyer F, Horn H, Strik W, Tschacher W. Disorganization and movement patterns in schizophrenia. Pharmacopsychiatry 2013. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1353349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Walther S, Moggi F, Horn H, Moskvitin K, Maier N, Abderhalden C, Strik W, Müller TJ. Rapid tranquilization of severely agitated patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders: a naturalistic, rater-blinded, randomized controlled study with oral haloperidol, risperidone, and olanzapine. Pharmacopsychiatry 2013. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1353338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Abstract
Exceptionally long third complementarity determining regions of the heavy chain (CDR3H) were previously described as a specificity of bovine IgG and IgM immunoglobulins. In addition, the genomic organization of the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus remains to be elucidated with a special focus on the number of variable segments (IGHV). By analyzing the variable regions according to the isotype-specific PCR using cDNA-PCR, we were able to prove the existence of exceptional long CDR3H in all bovine isotypes. The corresponding sequences of three distinct amplicons were grouped according to the length of the CDR3H. Sequences of CDR3H possessed 5 to 10, 12 to 31 or at least 48 amino acid residues. Long and mid-length CDR3H were composed of mainly hydrophilic amino acid residues, while short CDR3H also contained hydrophobic amino acid residues. All sequences with long CDR3H were related to the germline variable segment 10. Using the current genome assembly, Bos taurus NCBI build 6.1, the genomic organization of the bovine immunoglobulin heavy-chain locus was analyzed. A main locus was investigated on BTA21. Exons coding for variable, diversity, and joining segments, as well as for the constant regions of different isotypes, were also localized on BTA7, BTA8, and BTA20. Together with the information from unplaced contigs, 36 IGHV were detected of which 13 are putatively functional. Phylogenetic analysis revealed two bovine IGHV families (boVH1, boVH2). Thus, the existence of the two bovine families suggested was demonstrated, where boVH1 comprises all functional segments. This study substantially improves the understanding of the generation of immunoglobulin diversity in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Walther
- Division of Microbiology and Animal Hygiene, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Georg-August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Claus-Peter Czerny
- Division of Microbiology and Animal Hygiene, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Georg-August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ulrike S. Diesterbeck
- Division of Microbiology and Animal Hygiene, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Georg-August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Walther S, Edwards JN, Blatter LA. Effects of Reactive Oxygen Species on NFAT Activation and Translocation in Adult Rabbit Ventricular Myocytes. Biophys J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2012.11.1682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Strittmatter F, Walther S, Gratzke C, Göttinger J, Beckmann C, Roosen A, Schlenker B, Hedlund P, Andersson KE, Stief CG, Hennenberg M. Inhibition of adrenergic human prostate smooth muscle contraction by the inhibitors of c-Jun N-terminal kinase, SP600125 and BI-78D3. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 166:1926-35. [PMID: 22364229 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.01919.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE α(1) -Adrenoceptor-induced contraction of prostate smooth muscle is mediated by calcium- and Rho kinase-dependent mechanisms. In addition, other mechanisms, such as activation of c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) may be involved. Here, we investigated whether JNK participates in α(1)-adrenoceptor-induced contraction of human prostate smooth muscle. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Prostate tissue was obtained from patients undergoing radical prostatectomy. Effects of the JNK inhibitors SP600125 (50 µM) and BI-78D3 (30 µM) on contractions induced by phenylephrine, noradrenaline and electric field stimulation (EFS) were studied in myographic measurements. JNK activation by noradrenaline (30 µM) and phenylephrine (10 µM), and the effects of JNK inhibitors of c-Jun phosphorylation were assessed by Western blot analyses with phospho-specific antibodies. Expression of JNK was studied by immunohistochemistry and fluorescence double staining. KEY RESULTS The JNK inhibitors SP600125 and BI-78D3 reduced phenylephrine- and noradrenaline-induced contractions of human prostate strips. In addition, SP600125 reduced EFS-induced contraction of prostate strips. Stimulation of prostate tissue with noradrenaline or phenylephrine in vitro resulted in activation of JNK. Incubation of prostate tissue with SP600125 or BI-78D3 reduced the phosphorylation state of c-Jun. Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated the expression of JNK in smooth muscle cells of human prostate tissue. Fluorescence staining showed that α(1A)-adrenoceptors and JNK are expressed in the same cells. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Activation of JNK is involved in α(1)-adrenoceptor-induced prostate smooth muscle contraction. Models of α(1)-adrenoceptor-mediated prostate smooth muscle contraction should include this JNK-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Strittmatter
- Department of Urology, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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Sjöberg F, Walther S. Intensive care registries and the evolution of the concept of 'quality of care' - reflections from the 10-year anniversary symposium of the Swedish Intensive Care Registry. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2012; 56:1073-7. [PMID: 22967196 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2012.02757.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - S. Walther
- Department of Cardiothoracic Anaesthesia and Intensive Care; Linköping University Hospital; Linköping; Sweden
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Beiras-Fernandez A, Walther S, Beiras A, Thein E. 629 Development of an Experimental Perfusion Model in the Human Placenta. J Heart Lung Transplant 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2012.01.643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Walther S, Schuetz GM, Hamm B, Dewey M. [Quality of reporting of systematic reviews and meta-analyses: PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses)]. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2011; 183:1106-10. [PMID: 22144064 DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1281809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Strittmatter F, Stieber P, Nagel D, Füllhase C, Walther S, Stief CG, Waidelich R. Detection of prostate cancer with complexed PSA and complexed/total PSA ratio - is there any advantage? Eur J Med Res 2011; 16:445-50. [PMID: 22024423 PMCID: PMC3400975 DOI: 10.1186/2047-783x-16-10-445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the performance of total PSA (tPSA), the free/total PSA ratio (f/tPSA), complexed PSA (cPSA) and the complexed/total PSA ratio (c/tPSA) in prostate cancer detection. METHODS Frozen sera of 442 patients have been analysed for tPSA, free PSA (fPSA) and cPSA. 131 patients had prostate cancer and 311 patients benign prostatic hyperplasia. RESULTS Differences in the distribution of the biomarkers were seen as follows: tPSA, cPSA and c/tPSA were significantly higher in the PC group, and f/tPSA was significantly higher in the BPH group. In the tPSA-range of 0-4 ng/ml none of the biomarkers showed a significant difference in the distribution between both groups. In the tPSA-ranges of 0-10 ng/ml, 2-10 ng/ml, 4-10 ng/ml and <10 ng/ml, f/tPSA showed the highest specificity at high sensitivtities, followed by c/tPSA, cPSA, and tPSA, respectively. In tPSA-ranges greater than 10 ng/ml, cPSA offered the best discriminatory ability. CPSA compared to tPSA offered better specificity at high sensitivities in all tPSA-ranges. CONCLUSION F/tPSA offers the best ability to distinguish between both groups in lower tPSA-ranges, followed by c/tPSA. CPSA compared to tPSA offers a better ability to discriminate between both groups in all PSA-ranges and could be used as an initial test for PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Strittmatter
- Department of Urology, Hospital of the University Munich - Campus Grosshadern, Munich, Germany.
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Lamba S, Nagurka R, Saripalli S, Driscoll T, Walther S, Murphy P. 218 Emergency Department-initiated Palliative Care Consults: A Descriptive Analysis. Ann Emerg Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2011.06.247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Ljubojević S, Walther S, Asgarzoei M, Sedej S, Pieske B, Kockskämper J. In situ calibration of nucleoplasmic versus cytoplasmic Ca²+ concentration in adult cardiomyocytes. Biophys J 2011; 100:2356-66. [PMID: 21575569 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2011.03.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2010] [Revised: 03/14/2011] [Accepted: 03/31/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantification of subcellularly resolved Ca²⁺ signals in cardiomyocytes is essential for understanding Ca²⁺ fluxes in excitation-contraction and excitation-transcription coupling. The properties of fluorescent indicators in intracellular compartments may differ, thus affecting the translation of Ca²⁺-dependent fluorescence changes into [Ca²⁺] changes. Therefore, we determined the in situ characteristics of a frequently used Ca²⁺ indicator, Fluo-4, and a ratiometric Ca²⁺ indicator, Asante Calcium Red, and evaluated their use for reporting and quantifying cytoplasmic and nucleoplasmic Ca²⁺ signals in isolated cardiomyocytes. Ca²⁺ calibration curves revealed significant differences in the apparent Ca²⁺ dissociation constants of Fluo-4 and Asante Calcium Red between cytoplasm and nucleoplasm. These parameters were used for transformation of fluorescence into nucleoplasmic and cytoplasmic [Ca²⁺]. Resting and diastolic [Ca²⁺] were always higher in the nucleoplasm. Systolic [Ca²⁺] was usually higher in the cytoplasm, but some cells (15%) exhibited higher systolic [Ca²⁺] in the nucleoplasm. Ca²⁺ store depletion or blockade of Ca²⁺ leak pathways eliminated the resting [Ca²⁺] gradient between nucleoplasm and cytoplasm, whereas inhibition of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors by 2-APB reversed it. The results suggest the presence of significant nucleoplasmic-to-cytoplasmic [Ca²⁺] gradients in resting myocytes and during the cardiac cycle. Nucleoplasmic [Ca²⁺] in cardiomyocytes may be regulated via two mechanisms: diffusion from the cytoplasm and active Ca²⁺ release via inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors from perinuclear Ca²⁺ stores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senka Ljubojević
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Ljubojević S, Walther S, Asgarzoei M, Sedej S, Pieske B, Kockskämper J. Correction. Biophys J 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2011.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Walther S, Polster S, Jank M, Thiem H, Ryssel H, Frey L. Tuning of charge carrier density of ZnO nanoparticle films by oxygen plasma treatment. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2011.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Horn H, Jann K, Walther S, Federspiel A, Wirth M, Müller T, Strik W. Thought disorder: a left lateralised breakdown of the language network. Eur Psychiatry 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73105-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
IntroductionStructural and functional deviations in schizophrenic patients with formal thought disorder (FTD) point towards a dysfunction within left sided language network.ObjectivesIndependent component analysis (ICA), a new approach to fMRI analysis, enables to target the question of a network dysfunction directly. Using this method in healthy controls it was possible to identify the language networks separately for the left and the right hemispheres In the present study we use ICA analysis to examine changes of the language network separate for each hemisphere in relation to the severity of FTD.AimsWe hypothesize increasing disintegration with increasing severity of FTD only in the left sided language network while the right language network should remain unaffected.MethodsWe investigated 16 schizophrenic patients with different severity of FTD and matched healthy controls using ICA decomposition of the BOLD signal. The spatial similarity of the individual language networks was correlated to the severity of FTD.ResultsThe integrity of the left language network decrease with increasing severity of FTD (r = -0.79, p < 0.01), while the integrity of the right language network show no significant correlation to the severity of FTD.ConclusionFor the first time the isolated breakdown of the left sided language network was linked specifically to schizophrenic FTD. This result unites older manly left hemispheric findings of structural and functional abnormalities in schizophrenic FTD.
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Walther S, Höfle O, Federspiel A, Horn H, Strik W, Müller T. Frontotemporal resting state hypoperfusion in patients with major depression - a study using arterial spin labeling. Eur Psychiatry 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-9338(11)72666-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
IntroductionMajor depression is associated with altered neural function in frontal and limbic areas.ObjectivesThe findings have been inconsistent, especially those derived from cerebral blood flow (CBF) measures.AimsTo identify differences in regional CBF between patients and controls using arterial spin labeling (ASL) at rest.Methods20 patients with major depression and 20 matched healthy controls were scanned in the morning with a pCASL-sequence at a 3 T Siemens scanner. Mean Hamilton Depression Score (21 item version) was 26.2 ± 5.7 for patients, mean Beck Depression Inventory scores were 28.9 ± 8.9. Mean age did not differ between groups (39.6 vs. 44.4 years). Whole brain voxelwise T-Tests were correct for multiple comparisons using a False Discovery Rate of q < 0.05.ResultsMean global resting CBF was not different between groups (66.1 vs. 63.0 ml/100 mg/min, T = 0.95, p = 0.35). FDR correction at q < 0.05 led to a T-value threshold of 3.71 (p < 0.001) for group comparison. Hypoperfusion in patients was detected in left middle temporal gyrus, left middle frontal gyrus, right precentral gyrus. Hyperperfusion in patients was seen in the right superior temporal gyrus.ConclusionsASL revealed frontotemporal hypoperfusion in patients with major depression. This is in line with previous work and the current concept of depression. However, we were unable to replicate hyperperfusion in limibic areas.
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Walther S, Renz S, Yang LZ, Spiess J, Pieske B, Kockskämper J. Urocortin II Causes Phosphorylation of eNOS and Stimulation of NO Production in Cardiac Myocytes. Biophys J 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2010.12.1623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Sedej S, Schmidt A, Walther S, Denegri M, Bisping E, Heinzel FR, Napolitano C, Priori SG, Kockskaemper J, Pieske B. Increased Heart Failure Development After Pressure Overload-Induced Hypertrophy in Mice with a RyR2-R4496C+/- Knock-In Mutation. Biophys J 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2010.12.1792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Ingenerf K, Brockmeyer T, Walther S, Roggenhofer C, Herzog W, Friederich HC. Kognitiv-behaviorales Flexibilitätstraining bei Anorexie-Patientinnen-erste Ergebnisse einer randomisierten, kontrollierten Studie. Psychother Psychosom Med Psychol 2011. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1272390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Hanberger H, Walther S. Increased mortality associated with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection in the ICU: results from the EPIC II study. Crit Care 2011. [PMCID: PMC3066908 DOI: 10.1186/cc9654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Yang LZ, Kockskämper J, Khan S, Suarez J, Walther S, Doleschal B, Unterer G, Khafaga M, Mächler H, Heinzel FR, Dillmann WH, Pieske B, Spiess J. cAMP- and Ca²(+) /calmodulin-dependent protein kinases mediate inotropic, lusitropic and arrhythmogenic effects of urocortin 2 in mouse ventricular myocytes. Br J Pharmacol 2011; 162:544-56. [PMID: 20942811 PMCID: PMC3031072 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.01067.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2010] [Revised: 08/11/2010] [Accepted: 09/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Urocortin 2 is beneficial in heart failure, but the underlying cellular mechanisms are not completely understood. Here we have characterized the functional effects of urocortin 2 on mouse cardiomyocytes and elucidated the underlying signalling pathways and mechanisms. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Mouse ventricular myocytes were field-stimulated at 0.5 Hz at room temperature. Fractional shortening and [Ca²(+)](i) transients were measured by an edge detection and epifluorescence system respectively. Western blots were carried out on myocyte extracts with antibodies against total phospholamban (PLN) and PLN phosphorylated at serine-16. KEY RESULTS Urocortin 2 elicited time- and concentration-dependent positive inotropic and lusitropic effects (EC₅₀ : 19 nM) that were abolished by antisauvagine-30 (10 nM, n= 6), a specific antagonist of corticotrophin releasing factor (CRF) CRF₂ receptors. Urocortin 2 (100 nM) increased the amplitude and decreased the time constant of decay of the underlying [Ca²(+)](i) transients. Urocortin 2 also increased PLN phosphorylation at serine-16. H89 (2 µM) or KT5720 (1 µM), two inhibitors of protein kinase A (PKA), as well as KN93 (1 µM), an inhibitor of Ca²(+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), suppressed the urocortin 2 effects on shortening and [Ca²(+)](i) transients. In addition, urocortin 2 also elicited arrhythmogenic events consisting of extra cell shortenings and extra [Ca²(+)](i) increases in diastole. Urocortin 2-induced arrhythmogenic events were significantly reduced in cells pretreated with KT5720 or KN93. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Urocortin 2 enhanced contractility in mouse ventricular myocytes via activation of CRF₂ receptors in a cAMP/PKA- and Ca²(+)/CaMKII-dependent manner. This enhancement was accompanied by Ca²(+)-dependent arrhythmogenic effects mediated by PKA and CaMKII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Zhen Yang
- Molecular Neuroendocrinology Group, Max Planck Institute for Experimental MedicineGoettingen, Germany
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, University of CaliforniaSan Diego, CA, USA
- Specialized Neuroscience Research Program 2 of the John A. Burns School of Medicine of the University of Hawaii at ManoaHonolulu, HI, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Jens Kockskämper
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of GrazAuenbruggerplatz, Graz, Austria
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Philipps-University of MarburgMarburg, Germany
| | - Shelina Khan
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of GrazAuenbruggerplatz, Graz, Austria
| | - Jorge Suarez
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, University of CaliforniaSan Diego, CA, USA
| | - Stefanie Walther
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of GrazAuenbruggerplatz, Graz, Austria
| | - Bernhard Doleschal
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of GrazAuenbruggerplatz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gregor Unterer
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of GrazAuenbruggerplatz, Graz, Austria
| | - Mounir Khafaga
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of GrazAuenbruggerplatz, Graz, Austria
| | - Heinrich Mächler
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of GrazAuenbruggerplatz, Graz, Austria
| | - Frank R Heinzel
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of GrazAuenbruggerplatz, Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang H Dillmann
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, University of CaliforniaSan Diego, CA, USA
| | - Burkert Pieske
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of GrazAuenbruggerplatz, Graz, Austria
| | - Joachim Spiess
- Molecular Neuroendocrinology Group, Max Planck Institute for Experimental MedicineGoettingen, Germany
- Specialized Neuroscience Research Program 2 of the John A. Burns School of Medicine of the University of Hawaii at ManoaHonolulu, HI, USA
- Sanford Burnham Medical Research InstituteLa Jolla, CA, USA
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