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Kim J, Choi GH, Jang OJ, Chon Y, Cho SN, Kwon D, Jeong SH. Hepatitis C Virus Seroprevalence in Persons Who Inject Drugs in Korea, 2012-2022: A Multicenter, Retrospective Study. J Korean Med Sci 2023; 38:e357. [PMID: 38084024 PMCID: PMC10713443 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2023.38.e357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited data are available on hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in persons who inject drugs (PWID) in South Korea. The present study aimed to investigate the seroprevalence of HCV antibodies, risk factors for HCV seropositivity, and HCV treatment status in PWID between January 2012 and May 2022. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 418 drug users who underwent HCV antibody testing in three hospitals caring for 90% of known PWID in South Korea, of whom 373 were PWID. RESULTS The HCV seroprevalence was 39.7% (148/373) in PWID vs. 6.7% (3/45) in non-injection drug users (P < 0.001). Age ≥ 40 years, hospital type (58.2% in the prison hospital vs. 34.0% in the private hospital), and enrollment year (68.2% in 2012-2014 vs. 30.0% in 2021-2022) were independently associated with HCV seropositivity. Among the HCV-seropositive PWID, 90.5% (134/148) were diagnosed with HCV infection; however, only 6.8% (10/148) received HCV treatment. The hepatitis B virus surface antigen and human immunodeficiency virus antibody positivity were 4.0% (14/352) and 1.9% (6/317) in tested PWID, respectively. CONCLUSION The HCV seroprevalence in PWID was 39.7% with a very low treatment rate, which prompts active measures to test and treat PWID for HCV infection in South Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihye Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Gwang Hyeon Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Og-Jin Jang
- Department of Psychiatry, Bugok National Hospital, Changnyeong, Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Younghoon Chon
- Department of Psychiatry, Incheon Chamsarang Hospital, Incheon, Korea
| | - Sung Nam Cho
- Department of Psychiatry, National Forensic Hospital, Gongju, Korea
| | - Dohoon Kwon
- Department of Psychiatry, Daedong Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sook-Hyang Jeong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea.
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Kang SG, Lee HJ, Yoon HK, Cho SN, Park YM, Kim L. There is no evidence for an association between the serotonin receptor 3A gene C178T polymorphism and tardive dyskinesia in Korean schizophrenia patients. Nord J Psychiatry 2013; 67:214-8. [PMID: 23126479 DOI: 10.3109/08039488.2012.732114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a potential adverse effect of long-term treatment with antipsychotics. Previous studies have suggested a link between brain serotonergic systems and TD vulnerability. A recent report described that a serotonin 3 receptor (5-HTR3) agonist induced rhythmic movements in mice with complete paraplegia. Furthermore, it has been reported that the 5-HTR3 antagonist ondansetron is efficacious in the treatment of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS). AIM The aim of the present study was to determine whether the 5-HTR3A gene C178T polymorphism is associated with antipsychotic-induced TD in Korean schizophrenia patients. METHODS We investigated 280 Korean schizophrenia patients. Subjects with TD (n = 105) and without TD (n = 175) were matched for antipsychotic drug exposure and other relevant variables. RESULTS The distributions of genotypic (chi-squared = 3.55, p = 0.169) and allelic (chi-squared = 0.40, p = 0.528) frequencies did not differ between patients with and without TD. The total score on the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale also did not differ between the two genotype groups (F = 0.94, p = 0.391). CONCLUSIONS The findings of the present study do not support the involvement of the 5-HTR3A gene C178T polymorphism in TD in Korean schizophrenia subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Gul Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, Gachon University, School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
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Kang SG, Lee HJ, Park YM, Yang HJ, Song HM, Lee YJ, Cho SJ, Cho SN, Kim L. The BTBD9 gene may be associated with antipsychotic-induced restless legs syndrome in schizophrenia. Hum Psychopharmacol 2013; 28:117-23. [PMID: 23361623 DOI: 10.1002/hup.2287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A genome-wide association study and several replication studies have shown significant association between BTBD9 gene single nucleotide polymorphisms and restless legs syndrome (RLS). The aim of this study is to investigate the association between the BTBD9 gene polymorphisms and antipsychotic-induced RLS in schizophrenic patients. METHODS Restless legs syndrome symptoms were evaluated using the diagnostic criteria of the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group in 190 Korean schizophrenic patients. We genotyped the rs9357271 and rs3923809 polymorphisms of the BTBD9 gene in schizophrenic patients with (n = 96) and without (n = 94) RLS symptoms. RESULTS There was a significant difference in the allele frequency (χ(2) = 8.14, p = 0.004) of the rs9357271 polymorphism between schizophrenic patients with and without RLS symptoms. Significant genotypic association of this single nucleotide polymorphisms with RLS symptoms was also observed for the dominant model (χ(2) = 10.32, p = 0.001) and heterozygous model (χ(2) = 10.9, p = 0.001). When we compared the frequencies of the rs3923809-rs9357271 haplotypes between the two groups, the overall haplotype frequencies were significantly different (permuted p = 0.037), and the A-T haplotype was significantly more frequent in the RLS symptom group than in the no RLS symptom group (0.112 vs. 0.041, permuted p = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that the BTBD9 gene is associated with antipsychotic-induced RLS symptoms in schizophrenic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Gul Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, Gachon University, School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
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Prizant H, Cho SN, DeMayo FJ, Lydon JP, Hammes SR. Uterine-Specific Knockout of TSC2: A Mouse Model for Leiomyoma and LAM. Biol Reprod 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/biolreprod/87.s1.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Ang CF, Cajucom MAM, Kim Y, Bang H, Lee H, Cho SN, Montalban CS. Evaluation of a rapid assay for identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis grown in solid and liquid media. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2012; 15:1475-7, i. [PMID: 22008759 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.10.0709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
An MPT64 antigen detection assay, the SD Bioline TB Ag MPT64 Rapid kit, was evaluated for the identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis grown in both solid and liquid media. The rapid test showed positive results in 132 of 133 (99.2%) M. tuberculosis cultures grown on Ogawa medium and 136/143 (95.1%) cultures grown in liquid culture medium, resulting in an overall sensitivity of 97.1%. All 18 non-tuberculous mycobacteria were found to be negative by the rapid test, indicating a specificity of 100%. The rapid test seems useful for the initial confirmation of M. tuberculosis in acidfast bacilli positive cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- C F Ang
- Infectious Disease Section, Department of Medicine, University of the Philippines-Philippine General Hospital, Manila, Philippines
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Kim TH, Cho SN, Large MJ, Broaddus RR, Orvis GD, Behringer RR, Jeong JW. Abstract 2197: Epithelial Mig-6 is critical for a tumor suppressor function in endometrial cancer. Cancer Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2011-2197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Normal endometrial function requires a balance of progesterone (P4) and estrogen (E2) action. A bias toward E2 action and away from P4 action underlies the tumorigenesis of endometrial adenocarcinoma which is the fourth most common cancer in women. In previous studies, we have identified mitogen-inducible gene 6 (Mig-6) as a downstream target of PR (progesterone receptor) action in the uterus. Mig-6 is expressed in both the epithelium and stroma of the uterus. Conditional ablation of Mig-6 in all compartments of the uterus (PRcre/+ Mig-6f/f) results in infertility and leads to the development of endometrial hyperplasia and estrogen-induced endometrial cancer. Our central hypothesis is that Mig-6 is a critical mediator of stromal-epithelial communication in pregnancy, steroid hormone regulation and tumor suppressor function. In order to understand the role of epithelial Mig-6 in the uterus, we generated a mouse model in which we specifically ablate epithelial endometrial Mig-6 using Wnt7a-cre mice (Wnt7acre+ Mig-6f/f). Wnt7acre+ Mig-6f/f mice are subfertile due to embryo abortion and display normal P4 attenuation of E2-mediated uterine hypertrophy. However, Wnt7acre+ Mig-6f/f mice develop endometrial hyperplasia at 5 months of age as well as estrogen-induced endometrial cancer. The expression of PR is reduced in Wnt7acre+ Mig-6f/f mice compared to control Mig-6f/f mice. Interestingly, the hyperplasia exhibited by the Wnt7acre+ Mig-6f/f mice is reversed by P4 treatment, contrary to what is observed in PRcre/+ Mig-6f/f mice. Also, the expression of ERα, as well as its target genes Muc-1, Clca3, Ltf and Birc1, is significantly decreased in the Wnt7acre+ Mig-6f/f mice as compared to the control and PRcre/+ Mig-6f/f after P4 treatment. Concurrently, stromal Mig-6 expression is significantly increased in Wnt7acre+ Mig-6f/f mice indicating that P4-induced stromal Mig-6 can reverse the hyperplasia seen in the Wnt7acre+ Mig-6f/f mice by regulating ERα expression level. These data suggest that epithelial Mig-6 plays an important tumor suppressor role during tumorigenesis in the uterus. (Supported by NIH, R01 HD057873)
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2197. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2197
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Grant D. Orvis
- 2University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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Shin JH, Kim TH, Large MJ, Cho SN, Oh SJ, Lim JM, Taketo MM, Broaddus RR, Jeong JW. Abstract B23: Dominant stablized ß-catenin induces adenomyosis formation and ablation of Mig-6 accelerates progress of adenomyosis formation. Clin Cancer Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.tcmusa10-b23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Adenomyosis is a common gynecological disorder defined by the presence of endometrial glands and stroma within the myometrium. Despite its frequent occurrence, the precise etiology of adenomyosis is still unknown, although it has often been associated with endometrioid adenocarcinoma. β-catenin abnormalities are common in endometrioid type endometrial carcinomas. The expression of the dominant stabilized β-catenin in the murine uterus (PRcre/+ Ctnnb1f(ex3)/+) resulted in endometrial glandular hyperplasia. In addition to the glandular hyperplasia phenotype, uteri of PRcre/+ Ctnnb1f(ex3)/+ mice exhibited an abnormal myometrial structure and proceed to develop adenomyosis. Ablation of Mig-6 in the murine uterus (PRcre/+ Mig-6f/f) leads to the development of endometrial hyperplasia and estrogen-induced endometrial cancer. Concomitant stabilization of β -catenin and ablation of Mig-6 dramatically accelerated the development of adenomyosis and glandular hyperplasia compared to stablizing β-catenin alone. The adenomyosis phenotype of ovariectomized Pffre/+ Ctnnb1f<ex3)/+ and PRcre/+ Ctnnb1f(ex3)/+Mig-6f/f mice manifests in the presence of E2 and P4, but not, however, in the absence of ovarian hormones. Importantly, increased nuclear β-catenin expression and decreased MIG-6 expression was observed in women with adenomyosis, providing compelling support for and implicating an important role of β-catenin and MIG-6 in the etiology of adenomyosis in both humans and mice. We have demonstrated that abnormal activation of β-catenin induces adenomyosis formation and ablation of Mig-6 accelerates the progress of adenomyosis formation in the murine uterus. These mouse models are useful and allow us to investigate in detail the initiation and progression of adenomyosis because they mimic several features of human adenomyosis.
Citation Information: Clin Cancer Res 2010;16(14 Suppl):B23.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Ho Shin
- 1Korea University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | - Seo Jin Oh
- 3Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Kang SG, Park YM, Choi JE, Lim SW, Lee HJ, Lee SH, Kim YK, Kim SH, Cho SN, Kim L. Association study between antipsychotic-induced restless legs syndrome and polymorphisms of monoamine oxidase genes in schizophrenia. Hum Psychopharmacol 2010; 25:397-403. [PMID: 20589923 DOI: 10.1002/hup.1130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate whether the monoamine oxidase (MAO) A and B genes are associated with antipsychotic-induced restless legs syndrome (RLS) in schizophrenia. METHODS We assessed antipsychotic-induced RLS symptoms in 190 Korean schizophrenic patients and divided the subjects into two groups: those with RLS symptoms (n = 96) and those without RLS symptoms (n = 94). Genotyping was performed for the variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphism of the MAOA gene and A644G polymorphism of the MAOB gene. RESULTS There was no significant difference in the genotype and allele frequencies of all polymorphisms investigated between these two groups. However, the result of global haplotype analysis showed a significant difference in haplotype frequencies between male subjects with and without RLS symptoms (p = 0.013). The interaction between two polymorphisms had a significant effect on the RLS scores of both male (p = 0.047) and female (p = 0.028) patients. CONCLUSIONS These data do not suggest that the MAOA gene VNTR and MAOB gene A644G polymorphisms are associated with antipsychotic-induced RLS symptoms in schizophrenia. However, we found that the haplotype frequencies differed between the male schizophrenic patients with and without RLS symptom and the interaction between the two polymorphisms had a significant influence on the RLS scores of patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Gul Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Kim EY, Kwon DH, Lee BD, Kim YT, Ahn YB, Yoon KY, Sa SJ, Cho W, Cho SN. Frequency of osteoporosis in 46 men with methamphetamine abuse hospitalized in a National Hospital. Forensic Sci Int 2009; 188:75-80. [PMID: 19398174 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2009.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2008] [Revised: 03/11/2009] [Accepted: 03/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methamphetamine, a derivative of amphetamine, has been well known to cause mental problems in humans; however, its physical effects are little known. Despite relevant information on the effect of methamphetamine abuse on bone quality being available, data regarding the frequency of osteoporosis in methamphetamine abusers are limited. METHODS We selected 46 hospitalized male methamphetamine abusers and 188 reference male controls in whom any conditions affecting bone metabolism were ruled out. Bone mineral density (BMD) in the lumbar spine was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). We compared the BMD between methamphetamine abusers and controls and evaluated the frequency of osteoporosis in both groups. RESULTS The mean BMD value was lower in methamphetamine abusers (mean+/-SD, 0.71+/-0.07 g/cm(2)) than in the controls (mean+/-SD, 0.98+/-0.14 g/cm(2)). The frequency of osteoporosis was 22% according to WHO diagnostic guidelines, and osteopenia at the lumbar spine was 76%. The correlation between the extent of methamphetamine abuse and BMD was very clear. CONCLUSION There was considerable loss of bone mineral in a high percentage of methamphetamine abusers. Our study is the first clinical study to determine the frequency of osteoporosis in male methamphetamine abusers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Young Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Bugok National Hospital, 70 Bugok-ri, Bugok-myun, Changyeong-gun, Kyungnam 635-893, Republic of Korea
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Kang SG, Choi JE, An H, Park YM, Lee HJ, Han C, Kim YK, Kim SH, Cho SN, Joe SH, Jung IK, Kim L, Lee MS. Manganese superoxide dismutase gene Ala-9Val polymorphism might be related to the severity of abnormal involuntary movements in Korean schizophrenic patients. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2008; 32:1844-7. [PMID: 18790709 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2008.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2008] [Revised: 08/12/2008] [Accepted: 08/20/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined whether the manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) gene Ala-9Val single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is associated with neuroleptic-induced tardive dyskinesia (TD) and the severity of the abnormal involuntary movements in Korean schizophrenic patients. METHOD We investigated whether the MnSOD gene Ala-9Val SNP is associated with TD in Korean schizophrenic patients with (n=83) and without (n=126) TD who were matched for exposure to antipsychotics and other relevant variables. RESULTS Logistic regression analysis revealed that being older (p=0.026) was a risk factor for TD, but that there was no significant association between MnSOD gene and TD. Abnormal involuntary movements were more severe in carriers of the Ala allele than in noncarriers (p=0.044). CONCLUSION These findings do not support that the MnSOD gene Ala-9Val SNP is associated with TD in Korean schizophrenic patients. However, this polymorphism might be related to the severity of abnormal involuntary movements in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Gul Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Kang SG, Choi JE, An H, Lim SW, Lee HJ, Han C, Kim YK, Kim SH, Cho SN, Lee MS, Joe SH, Jung IK, Kim L. No association between the brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene Val66Met polymorphism and tardive dyskinesia in schizophrenic patients. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2008; 32:1545-8. [PMID: 18602732 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2008.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2008] [Revised: 05/15/2008] [Accepted: 05/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated whether the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene Val66Met single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is associated with antipsychotic-induced tardive dyskinesia (TD) in schizophrenia. METHODS Genotyping was performed for the BDNF gene Val66Met SNP in Korean schizophrenic patients with (n=83) and without TD (n=126) who were matched for antipsychotic drug exposure and other relevant variables. RESULTS The frequencies of genotypes (chi2=2.37, p=0.306) and alleles (chi2=0.03, p=0.867) did not differ significantly between these two groups. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that the BDNF polymorphism does not play a major role in the susceptibility to TD in schizophrenic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Gul Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University College of Medicine, and Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
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Abstract
Clara cells are nonciliated secretory cells lining the respiratory epithelium and are easily identified by the expression of Clara cell secretory protein (CCSP). To investigate molecular mechanism(s) regulating Clara cell function in the lungs, Cre recombinase was inserted into exon 1 of the CCSP, generating two novel mouse models, CCSP(Cre-Neo) and CCSP(Cre). These two models differ only by the inclusion of the neomycin resistance gene. These mice were bred to the R26R reporter mouse to investigate the tissue and cell specificity of Cre-mediated recombination. The efficiency of Cre recombination in the CCSP(Cre) mouse model was higher than in the CCSP(Cre-Neo) mouse model. Recombination was detected at D 4.5 in CCSP(Cre-Neo)/R26R mice and at D 0.5 in CCSP(Cre)/R26R mice. The CCSP(Cre-Neo) and CCSP(Cre) mouse models provide valuable tools for the ablation of genes in the postnatal mouse Clara cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- HuaiGuang Li
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Sung Nam Cho
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Christopher M. Evans
- Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Burton F. Dickey
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jae-Wook Jeong
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Francesco J. DeMayo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas,Correspondence to: Francesco J. DeMayo, Ph.D, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030.,
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Kang SG, Lee HJ, Jung SW, Cho SN, Han C, Kim YK, Kim SH, Lee MS, Joe SH, Jung IK, Kim L. Characteristics and clinical correlates of restless legs syndrome in schizophrenia. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2007; 31:1078-83. [PMID: 17459547 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2007.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2006] [Revised: 01/23/2007] [Accepted: 03/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The cause of restless legs syndrome (RLS) has not yet been ascertained, but one of the most promising theories involves dopaminergic deficiency. In accordance with this theory, we assumed that the prevalence of RLS would be higher among schizophrenics treated with antipsychotics than in the normal population. The purpose of this study was to establish the prevalence, characteristics, and clinical correlates of RLS in schizophrenic patients undergoing treatment with antipsychotics. METHODS A total of 182 hospitalized schizophrenic patients and 108 age- and sex-matched normal controls were enrolled. The presence of RLS and its severity were assessed using the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group (IRLSSG) diagnostic criteria and the IRLSSG rating scale, respectively. The Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS), Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), and Barnes Akathisia Rating Scale (BARS) were used to evaluate insomnia, global psychiatric symptoms, and akathisia, respectively, in schizophrenic patients. RESULTS Of the 182 schizophrenic patients, 39 (21.4%) were found to have RLS and 87 (47.8%) met at least one of the RLS diagnostic criteria. The prevalence of RLS was significantly higher in the schizophrenia group than in the control group (p=0.009), as were the RLS scores (p<0.001). The BPRS (p=0.001) and the AIS (p<0.001) scores were higher in the RLS group than in the group with no RLS symptoms. CONCLUSION We conclude that it is important to consider the diagnosis of RLS when schizophrenic patients complain of insomnia, and that RLS symptoms could be associated with more severe psychiatric symptoms and insomnia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Gul Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Anam-dong 5-ga, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracellular newly identified RAGE-binding protein (EN-RAGE) is a ligand of the receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) and has been termed S100A12. The ligation of EN-RAGE with RAGE on the endothelium, mononuclear phagocytes and lymphocytes triggers cellular activation with the generation of the key proinflammatory mediators interleukin (IL)-1beta and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of RAGE and EN-RAGE, their spatial localization and their coexpression in leprosy lesions. METHODS Immunohistochemistry and confocal laser scanning microscopy were used to evaluate the expression of RAGE and EN-RAGE in leprosy. By enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, RAGE and EN-RAGE were detected in the serum. RESULTS (1) In the multibacillary (MB) and paucibacillary (PB) groups, the level of RAGE production was significantly higher than in patients with atypical mycobacterial infection or sarcoidosis (P < 0.01). In the MB group, the production of RAGE was higher than in the PB group (P < 0.01), and it was higher in patients without the lepra reaction than in patients with the lepra reaction (P < 0.05). (2) In MB, PB and atypical mycobacterial infection, the level of EN-RAGE production was significantly higher than in sarcoidosis (P < 0.01). (3) In the confocal laser scanning microscopic examination, the RAGE and EN-RAGE proteins were detected in lepromatous leprosy. These proteins are spatially colocalized along the cell surface, which is in agreement with their receptor-ligand interaction. (4) A comparable amount of EN-RAGE was detected in the serum of the MB and PB groups. Patients with the reaction showed a higher level of EN-RAGE than patients without the reaction in leprosy. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that in leprosy, RAGE and EN-RAGE may be involved in the proinflammatory process rather than the antimycobacterial activity, especially during the lepra reaction. The blockade of the interaction of RAGE and EN-RAGE at the early stage of the inflammatory process may minimize the inflammatory response and consequent tissue damage or the sequelae of leprosy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-H Kim
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, DanKook University, Cheonan, Chungnam, Korea
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Lee S, Park SK, Jin GY, Kim JH, Cho SN, Kang SK, Kim W. Spontaneous renal subcapsular haematoma and acute renal failure complicated by severe pre-eclampsia. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2003; 18:625-6. [PMID: 12584299 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/18.3.625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Kim KS, Moon WS, Song HW, Kim JH, Cho SN. A case of persistent endometriosis after total hysterectomy with both salpingo-oophorectomy managed by radiation therapy. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2001; 265:225-7. [PMID: 11789754 DOI: 10.1007/s004040000167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Persistent endometriosis after total hysterectomy and both salpingo-oophorectomy (TH with BSO) is a rare condition and the etiology is uncertain. The exact incidence of persistent endometriosis after definitive surgery is not known. In addition, the treatment of persistent endometriosis after complete surgical excision is controversial. We report a case of persistent endometriosis with vaginal and sigmoid-colonic invasion after TH with BSO. The lesions were not responsive to hormonal therapy. The patient was managed successfully by therapeutic pelvic radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Kim
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Chonju, Korea.
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17
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Cho SN, Choi BW, Ra SY, Hong YK, Park JS, Kim SC, Kim JD, Choe KO. Prevalence of antibodies to PPD and lipoarabinomannan of Mycobacterium tuberculosis among patients with an indication of fine needle aspiration biopsy. Yonsei Med J 2001; 42:324-32. [PMID: 11456399 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2001.42.3.324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent increase in the incidence of lung cancer often makes it difficult to differentiate between lung cancer and tuberculosis (TB), due to their radiologic similarities. Fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) has been widely employed for the diagnosis of lung cancer and TB, but the diagnostic accuracy of TB is not high enough. As a rapid screening test for tuberculosis, we evaluated serological tests using Mycobacterium tuberculosis PPD and lipoarabinomannan (LAM) antigens. A total of 95 patients with indication of FNAB cytology from initial CT findings were enrolled. 25 patients had TB, 76 thoracic malignancy, and six (7.9%) of the lung cancer patients also had TB, indicating much higher prevalence of TB in thoracic tumor patients. Antibodies to PPD were elevated in 18 (72.0%) of 25 TB patients and in 22 (31.4%) of 70 patients with thoracic malignancy. In contrast, only 3 (4.7%) of 64 healthy controls aged 40 or above were seropositive to PPD antigen. The prevalence of anti-PPD antibodies in thoracic tumor patients was therefore significantly greater than that amongst the healthy controls (p<0.001, chi-square test). However, no significant difference in the prevalence of anti-LAM antibodies was found between study subjects and controls. This study demonstrates that thoracic tumor patients have significantly elevated antibodies to PPD; therefore, high anti-PPD seroreactivity in thoracic tumor patients should be cautiously interpreted. A longitudinal investigation on seropositive thoracic tumor patients is required to determine the role of the serological test for TB in lung cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N Cho
- Department of Microbiology, and Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Ngamying M, Varachit P, Phaknilrat P, Levy L, Brennan PJ, Cho SN. Effects of vaccination with several mycobacterial proteins and lipoproteins on Mycobacterium leprae infection of the mouse. Int J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis 2001; 69:43-5. [PMID: 11480318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
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19
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Cho SN, Cellona RV, Villahermosa LG, Fajardo TT, Balagon MV, Abalos RM, Tan EV, Walsh GP, Kim JD, Brennan PJ. Detection of phenolic glycolipid I of Mycobacterium leprae in sera from leprosy patients before and after start of multidrug therapy. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 2001; 8:138-42. [PMID: 11139208 PMCID: PMC96023 DOI: 10.1128/cdli.8.1.138-142.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A total of 100 untreated new leprosy patients were recruited prospectively and examined for the presence of phenolic glycolipid I (PGL-I) antigen in their serum specimens by dot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using rabbit anti-PGL-I antiserum. The presence of circulating PGL-I antigen was closely related to the bacterial indices (BI) of the patients. The PGL-I antigen was detectable in 27 (93.1%) of 29 patients with a BI of 4.0 or above and in 15 (68.2%) of 22 patients with a BI of 3.0 to 3.9. However, none of the 37 patients with a BI of less than 1.9 had detectable PGL-I antigen by the methods used in this study. The level of PGL-I in serum declined rapidly by about 90% 1 month after the start of multidrug therapy. This study showed clearly that anti-PGL-I IgM antibodies and circulating PGL-I antigen levels reflect the bacterial loads in untreated leprosy patients. The serological parameters based on the PGL-I antigen may therefore be useful in the assessment of leprosy patients at the time of diagnosis and possibly in monitoring patients following chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N Cho
- Department of Microbiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, The Republic of Korea.
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20
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Shin YC, Lee H, Lee H, Walsh GP, Kim JD, Cho SN. Variable numbers of TTC repeats in Mycobacterium leprae DNA from leprosy patients and use in strain differentiation. J Clin Microbiol 2000; 38:4535-8. [PMID: 11101592 PMCID: PMC87633 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.38.12.4535-4538.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Strain differentiation of Mycobacterium leprae would be of great value for epidemiological investigation to identify the infectious sources of leprosy, to understand transmission patterns, and to distinguish between relapse and reinfection. From the M. leprae genome sequence database, TTC DNA repeats were identified. Primer sets designed to amplify the region flanking TTC repeats revealed PCR products of different sizes, indicating that the number of repeats at each locus may be variable among M. leprae strains. The TTC repeats were not found in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium marinum, or human tissues, which indicated their specificity to M. leprae. Sequence analysis of the TTC repeat region in each of the M. leprae strains showed a variation of 10 to 37 repeats. In the M. leprae strains of 34 multibacillary patients at Cebu, Philippines, M. leprae with 24 and 25 TTC repeats was most common, and this was followed by strains with 14, 15, 20, 21, and 28 repeats. This study thus indicates that there are variable numbers of TTC repeats in a noncoding region of M. leprae strains and that the TTC region may be useful for strain differentiation for epidemiological investigations of leprosy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y C Shin
- Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea
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21
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Abstract
PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (PRA) using the novel region of the rpoB gene was developed for rapid and precise identification of mycobacteria to the species level. A total of 50 mycobacterial reference strains and 3 related bacterial strains were used to amplify the 360-bp region of rpoB, and the amplified DNAs were subsequently digested with restriction enzymes such as MspI and HaeIII. The results from this study clearly show that most of the mycobacterial species were easily differentiated at the species level by this PRA method. In addition, species with several subtypes, such as Mycobacterium gordonae, M. kansasii, M. celatum, and M. fortuitum, were also differentiated by this PRA method. Subsequently, an algorithm was constructed based on the results, and a blinded test was carried out with more than 260 clinical isolates that had been identified on the basis of conventional tests. Comparison of these two sets of results clearly indicates that this new PRA method based on the rpoB gene is more simple, more rapid, and more accurate than conventional procedures for differentiating mycobacterial species.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Korean Institute of Tuberculosis, The Korean National Tuberculosis Association, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137-140, Korea
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Lee H, Cho SN, Bang HE, Lee JH, Bai GH, Kim SJ, Kim JD. Exclusive mutations related to isoniazid and ethionamide resistance among Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from Korea. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2000; 4:441-7. [PMID: 10815738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
SETTING The single base change at the 94th codon of inhA has been referred to as the event that confers resistance on the drugs isoniazid (INH) and ethionamide (ETH) in Mycobacterium smegmatis and M. bovis. From this observation, it has been anticipated that some of the INH-resistant clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis would carry missense mutations in the same region of the gene. However, few polymorphisms have been identified in this region among INH-resistant isolates. OBJECTIVE To understand the molecular basis for M. tuberculosis resistance to INH and ETH. DESIGN The sequence polymorphism at the 94th codon of inhA among M. tuberculosis isolates from Korea was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) cloning and sequence analysis. RESULTS No nucleotide change at the 94th codon of inhA was detected in any of the 24 INH-resistant isolates analyzed in this study. On the other hand, a point mutation was found exclusively at the regulatory region flanking a putative ribosome-binding site of the inhA locus in 14 isolates. Interestingly, all the mutations were of the same kind, which substitutes C to T. Among 14 isolates, 12 were resistant to INH as well as to ETH, while two were resistant to INH only. DISCUSSION It seems that mutations previously found at the 94th codon of inhA have no particular relationship with the mechanism involved in the resistance of M. tuberculosis to INH and/or ETH. On the other hand, the resistance mechanism of M. tuberculosis to INH/ETH may involve an altered level of InhA, an expression which may have been influenced by the sequence change in the regulatory region of the inhA locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Lee
- Korean Institute of Tuberculosis, The Korean National Tuberculosis Association, Seoul
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23
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Cho SN, Brennan PJ. New biological tools for leprosy surveillance. Int J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis 1999; 67:S59-62. [PMID: 10700939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S N Cho
- Department of Microbiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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24
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Cho SN, Walsh GP, Brennan PJ. Monitoring the effects of preventive therapy in the Federated States of Micronesia. Int J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis 1999; 67:S19-22. [PMID: 10700932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S N Cho
- Department of Microbiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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25
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Hwang IR, Nahm DH, Cho SN, Longenecker BM, Rao Koganty R, Park IS. Anti-T antibodies and peanut-agglutinin-binding glycoproteins in sera of patients with gastric cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 1999; 125:582-7. [PMID: 10473872 DOI: 10.1007/s004320050320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Agglutinating antibodies to neuraminidase-treated red blood cells (anti-T agglutinins) are known to be reduced in patients with gastric cancer. The antigenic determinant of anti-T agglutinin is known to have a disaccharide structure [Gal(beta1-3)GalNAc], the same specificity as peanut agglutinin (PNA). We examined sera of 27 patients with gastric cancer and 30 controls for anti-T agglutinins, anti-T antibodies and PNA-binding glycoproteins. Anti-T agglutinins were titrated by a microtiter hemagglutination method. Levels of anti-T antibodies were determined by enzyme immunoassay using synthetic glycoconjugate [Gal(beta1-3)GalNAc O-alpha-linked to human serum albumin] as an antigen. Levels of PNA-binding glycoproteins in sera were measured by sandwich enzyme-linked lectin assay using wheat germ agglutinin and peroxidase-conjugated PNA. Titers of anti-T agglutinins were significantly lower in patients with gastric cancer than in controls (P = 0.041). Levels of anti-T antibodies were not significantly different in patients with gastric cancer and controls; however, decreased levels of anti-T antibodies were more frequent in patients with gastric cancer than in controls (P = 0. 001). Levels of PNA-binding glycoproteins were significantly higher in sera of patients with gastric cancer than in controls (P = 0.001). The levels of anti-T antibodies inversely correlated with the levels of PNA-binding glycoproteins in sera of patients with gastric cancer (r = -0.44, P = 0.021). These results suggest that the decrease in anti-T antibodies in sera of patients with gastric cancer might be due to immune complex formation between circulating PNA-binding glycoproteins and anti-T antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- I R Hwang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyung-Ki-Do, 442-749, Korea
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26
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Gillis TP, Cho SN. Report of workshop on new tools for diagnosis and epidemiology. Int J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis 1998; 66:594-5. [PMID: 10347586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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27
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Silbaq FS, Cho SN, Cole ST, Brennan PJ. Characterization of a 34-kilodalton protein of Mycobacterium leprae that is isologous to the immunodominant 34-kilodalton antigen of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis. Infect Immun 1998; 66:5576-9. [PMID: 9784577 PMCID: PMC108703 DOI: 10.1128/iai.66.11.5576-5579.1998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/1997] [Accepted: 06/26/1998] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
During DNA sequence analysis of cosmid L373 from the Mycobacterium leprae genome, an open reading frame of 1.4 kb encoding a protein with some homology to the immunodominant 34-kDa protein of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, but lacking significant serological activity, was detected. The DNA sequence predicted a signal peptide with a modified lipoprotein consensus sequence, but the protein proved to be devoid of lipid attachment.
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Affiliation(s)
- F S Silbaq
- Department of Microbiology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
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Lowry PW, Ludwig TS, Adams JA, Fitzpatrick ML, Grant SM, Andrle GA, Offerdahl MR, Cho SN, Jacobs DR. Cellular immune responses to four doses of percutaneous bacille Calmette-Guérin in healthy adults. J Infect Dis 1998; 178:138-46. [PMID: 9652433 DOI: 10.1086/515614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore the hypothesis that low-dose immunization might induce preferential Th1 cell immunity, 76 adults were vaccinated with one of four doses of bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG): The doses contained very low (1.6 x 10(5) cfu), low (3.2 x 10(6) cfu), standard (1.6 x 10(8) cfu), or high (3.2 x 10(8) cfu) levels of BCG. Delayed-type hypersensitivity responses occurred 8 weeks after vaccination in 10% of persons given very low or low doses of BCG, compared with 95% and 100% of persons given standard or high doses, respectively. Lymphoproliferative responses, which were increased only for high-dose vaccinees, peaked 2 weeks after vaccination and were directed chiefly against Mycobacterium tuberculosis-secreted proteins, particularly the antigen 85 complex. Significant increases in mycobacteria-specific interferon-gamma expression were present 16 weeks after vaccination only for persons given standard or high doses of BCG. Percutaneous BCG appears capable of inducing a temporary Th1-like immune response, but standard or higher dosages are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- P W Lowry
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota School of Public Health and Medical School, Minneapolis, USA.
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Lee H, Cho SN, Bang HE, Lee JH, Bae GH, Kim SJ, Kim JD. Molecular analysis of rifampin-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from Korea by polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism sequence analysis. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 1998; 2:585-9. [PMID: 9661827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the molecular mechanism of rifampin (RMP) resistance in clinical strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. DESIGN The molecular nature of a part of the rpoB gene in 77 M. tuberculosis clinical strains isolated in Korea was analyzed using polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) and PCR-sequence analysis. RESULTS Among 67 RMP-resistant isolates, 50 showed SSCP profiles different from that of an RMP-sensitive control strain, M. tuberculosis H37Rv, indicating the possible existence of a sequence alteration in this region of the rpoB gene, while 17 resistant isolates displayed SSCP profiles indistinguishable from that of the sensitive control strain. Subsequently, 17 clinical isolates whose SSCP profiles were difficult to distinguish from the control strain were subjected to sequence analysis. The analysis revealed that all 17 isolates did indeed contain mutations in the 81 bp region of the rpoB gene, which is associated with RMP resistance. CONCLUSION The results from our study clearly indicate that the molecular mechanism of RMP resistance in M. tuberculosis isolates from Korea involves alterations in the rpoB gene. In addition, this study suggests that PCR-direct sequence analysis works more efficiently and accurately than PCR-SSCP analysis for rapid screening of RMP-resistant M. tuberculosis clinical isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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30
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Cho SN, Hwang JH, Park S, Chong Y, Kim SK, Song CY, Kim JD. Factors affecting transformation efficiency of BCG with a Mycobacterium-Escherichia coli shuttle vector pYUB18 by electroporation. Yonsei Med J 1998; 39:141-7. [PMID: 9587254 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.1998.39.2.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BCG has been one of the vehicles for multi-recombinant vaccine. However, low transformation efficiency of BCG with plasmid DNA hampered studies involving expression of foreign antigens in BCG. In an effort to determine the optimal conditions, this study was initiated to investigate factors involved in the transformation of BCG with a Mycobacterium-Escherichia coli shuttle vector, pYUB18, by electroporation. Mycobacterium bovis BCG (strain 1173P2) was grown in Middlebrook (M) 7H9 broth containing albumin-dextrose-catalase and 0.05% tween 80, and transformed BCG was grown in M7H10 agar containing kanamycin for counting viable cells. Pretreatment of BCG with 10 mM CaCl2 improved the transformation efficiency, but overnight incubation of BCG with 1% glycine did not. The transformation efficiency in BCG also varied depending on voltage, resistance, and DNA concentration. The maximum transformation efficiency was obtained when the infinity resistance, 12.5 Kv/cm, and 100 ng of DNA were used, and reached 1.4 x 10(5) CFU/microgram of plasmid DNA, which is about 3-100 times greater than those from previous reports. The transformation conditions described in this study, therefore, will give us a better position for employing BCG as a vehicle for developing multi-recombinant vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N Cho
- Department of Microbiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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31
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Gormus BJ, Baskin GB, Xu K, Bohm RP, Mack PA, Ratterree MS, Cho SN, Meyers WM, Walsh GP. Protective immunization of monkeys with BCG or BCG plus heat-killed Mycobacterium leprae: clinical results. LEPROSY REV 1998; 69:6-23. [PMID: 9628092 DOI: 10.5935/0305-7518.19980003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Rhesus and sooty mangabey monkeys (RM and SMM) were vaccinated and boosted with BCG or BCG + low dose (LD) or high dose (HD) heat-killed Mycobacterium leprae (HKML). One group was not vaccinated. Except for a group of controls, all monkeys were challenged with live M. leprae. All animals were studied longitudinally to determine antileprosy protective efficacy. BCG reduced the numbers of RM with histopathologically-diagnosed leprosy by 70% and slowed and ameliorated the appearance of symptoms. BCG + LDHKML reduced the number of RM with leprosy by 89% and BCG + HDHKML by 78%. BCG did not protect SMM from developing leprosy, but disease progress was slowed; disease in SMM was exacerbated by the addition of HKML to the vaccine. RM, as a species, are prone to paucibacillary (PB) forms of leprosy, whereas SMM are prone to multibacillary (MB) forms. Thus, BCG vaccination offers significant protection from clinical disease and slows/ameliorates the rate of progression/degree of disease at the PB end and appears to at least ameliorate symptoms at the MB end of the leprosy spectrum. BCG + HKML protects at the PB end and exacerbates disease progress at the MB end of the leprosy spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Gormus
- Department of Microbiology, Tulane Regional Primate Research Center, Covington, LA 70433, USA
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32
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Cho SN. Treatment of Drug Abuse-Therapeutic Community. J Korean Med Assoc 1998. [DOI: 10.5124/jkma.1998.41.4.380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Yong TS, Lee JS, Cho SN, Seo JH, Park H. A carbohydrate antigen of Clonorchis sinensis recognized by a species-specific monoclonal antibody. Korean J Parasitol 1996; 34:279-81. [PMID: 9017915 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.1996.34.4.279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-inhibition test using a Clonorchis sinensis species-specific mouse monoclonal antibody (MAb), CsHyb 0605-23, showed increased specificity over the conventional ELISA used for serodiagnosis of clonorchiasis. To characterize the corresponding antigen further, the MAb was tested against polysaccharide, protein and glycolipid fractions obtained from a crude extract of C. sinensis adult worms, using chloroform, methanol and phenol extractions. Only the polysaccharide fraction was recognized by the MAb among those fractions. Mild oxidation of the antigen with sodium periodate showed decreased reactivity against the MAb. We concluded that the antigen and antigenic determinants recognized by the MAb are carbohydrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- T S Yong
- Department of Parasitology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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34
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van der Vliet GM, Cho SN, Kampirapap K, van Leeuwen J, Schukkink RA, van Gemen B, Das PK, Faber WR, Walsh GP, Klatser PR. Use of NASBA RNA amplification for detection of Mycobacterium leprae in skin biopsies from untreated and treated leprosy patients. Int J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis 1996; 64:396-403. [PMID: 9030105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
This study was performed to assess the value of NASBA RNA amplification of a 16S rRNA target for the detection of presumably viable Mycobacterium leprae in sections of skin biopsies from leprosy patients. The NASBA positivity rate was 90.4% (84/93) for untreated multibacillary (MB) patients [bacterial index (BI) > or = 2] and 16.7% (8/48) for the untreated paucibacillary (PB) patients (BI < 2). NASBA positivity showed a good concordance with the presence of solidly stained M. leprae [morphological index (MI)] in skin biopsies from leprosy patients, but no relationship could be demonstrated between the strength of the NASBA signals and the BI. Furthermore, the usefulness of the detection of 16S rRNA by NASBA to monitor the efficacy of leprosy treatment was investigated using an additional 154 biopsy specimens analyzed from 80 MB patients during the course of treatment. The NASBA positivity rate declined during treatment. A significant decrease was observed after only 1-3 months. These results favor the view that detection of RNA by NASBA may reflect the viability of M. leprae.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M van der Vliet
- Royal Tropical Institute, Department of Biomedical Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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35
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Klatser PR, Cho SN, Brennan PJ. The contribution of serological tests to leprosy control. Int J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis 1996; 64:S63-6; discussion S66-7. [PMID: 9030128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P R Klatser
- Royal Tropical Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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36
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Brennan PJ, Cho SN, Klatser PR. Bangkok Workshop on Leprosy Research. Immunodiagnostics, including skin tests. Int J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis 1996; 64:S58-62. [PMID: 9030127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P J Brennan
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, USA
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37
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Saad MH, Gormus BJ, Cho SN, Bernheimer H, Schwerer B. Detection of IgA anti-PGL-I specific antigen to Mycobacterium leprae in mangabey monkeys inoculated with M. leprae. LEPROSY REV 1995; 66:296-306. [PMID: 8637383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Using sera from 4 pairs of mangabey monkeys inoculated with titrated doses of Mycobacterium leprae we demonstrated that IgA antibodies against M. leprae specific PGL-I antigen were present in 75% of inoculated monkey's sera. High IgA antibody was detected in 50% (3/6) of infected animals and all three developed lepromatous leprosy (LL). Antibody titers correlated with PGL-I antigen in serum. The highest IgA peak appeared late and corresponded to the beginning of treatment, and in two of them appeared shortly after or corresponded with neurological damage. Low IgA response was found in the other 3 monkeys (50%-3/6), two of which developed indeterminate leprosy (I) and the other one LL. Low IgA levels appeared late after IgG and IgM, and shortly after neurologic signs. Both I monkeys were negative for PGL-I in serum. The remaining 2 monkeys (25%-2/8) did not show an IgA response; one of them developed LL but the disease regressed to I. IgM seemed to correspond to the appearance of PGL-I in serum. The other animal did not develop clinical symptoms of leprosy, and PGL-I in serum was negative. Although there was no clear relation between the development of anti-PGL-I IgA and experimental leprosy, the finding of a high IgA response in some animals suggests that further studies are needed to evaluate the role of antigen-specific IgA in the disease process.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Saad
- Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
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Gormus BJ, Xu K, Cho SN, Baskin GB, Bohm RP, Martin LN, Blanchard JL, Mack PA, Ratterree MS, Meyers WM. Experimental leprosy in monkeys. II. Longitudinal serological observations in sooty mangabey monkeys. LEPROSY REV 1995; 66:105-25. [PMID: 7637522 DOI: 10.5935/0305-7518.19950013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
In this study, 11 SMM were grouped and inoculated with differing doses of SMM-origin Mycobacterium leprae (ML) between 4.5 x 10(8) and 1 x 10(9) by either combined IV/IC routes or by IV or IC route alone. The combined route was the most effective in eliciting progressive, disseminated LL leprosy. In all, 6 of 7 SMM inoculated by the combined routes developed leprosy requiring treatment at some point. Only 1 of 4 inoculated by a single route developed persisting leprosy requiring chemotherapy. Either no disease or spontaneous regression of initial disease occurred in the other 3 animals inoculated by a single route. Doses in excess of 1 x 10(9) ML were more effective than lesser doses. An association was observed between the development of IgG anti-PGL-I ELISA OD values and resistance to leprosy and between IgM anti-PGL-I and leprosy progression or susceptibility. Serum PGL-I antigen levels, determined by dot ELISA, paralleled disease severity longitudinally. High positive OD values of anti-LAM IgG prior to ML inoculation were observed in the majority of leprosy-susceptible SMM in contrast to negative levels in more resistant animals. Anti-LAM IgG OD values exceeded the positive cut-off point after inoculation in 5 of 11 SMM; 3 of these 5 had concurrent detectable serum levels of PGL-I antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Gormus
- Department of Microbiology, Tulane Regional Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
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Cho TY, Park SC, Cho SN, Lee HR, Kim SK, Kim SK, Lee BI. Intrathecal synthesis of immunoglobulin G and Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific humoral immune response in tuberculous meningitis. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 1995; 2:361-4. [PMID: 7664183 PMCID: PMC170160 DOI: 10.1128/cdli.2.3.361-364.1995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Local synthesis of immunoglobulin G (IgG) in the central nervous system was investigated in 10 patients with tuberculous meningitis (TBM), 15 patients with aseptic meningitis (AM), and 15 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis only (PTBO). The IgG synthesis rate for patients with TBM was 56.4 +/- 18.9 mg/day (mean +/- standard deviation), which was significantly higher than that for patients with AM (8.0 +/- 6.7 mg/day, P < 0.001) and that for patients with PTBO (7.5 +/- 4.4 mg/day, P < 0.001). Therefore, the increased IgG synthesis rate in the central nervous system provided supporting evidence for differentiating the diagnosis of TBM from that of AM (sensitivity, 100%; specificity, 83.3%). Simultaneous measurement by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of IgG seroreactivity to lipoarabinomannan and purified protein derivative antigens in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) demonstrated seropositivity in all 6 patients with TBM, 4 of 15 patients with AM, and 4 of 10 patients with PBTO. All patients showing false-positive reactivity in CSF demonstrated seropositivity in sera and normal ranges for IgG synthesis rates in CSF. Also, the semiquantitive measurement of IgG antibody (Ab) titers in these patients demonstrated higher IgG Ab titers in serum than in CSF except for one patient with a highly elevated albumin quotient, suggesting a leaky blood-brain barrier. The results strongly suggested that the Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific IgG Abs were diffusible through the blood-brain barrier, which addresses the pitfall of serological tests for the early diagnosis of TBM. The serological detection of IgG Abs to lipoarabinomannan and purified protein derivative antigens in CSF could be misleading in the presence of simultaneously elevated of IgG Abs in serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Y Cho
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
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Seo VH, Cho W, Choi HY, Hah YM, Cho SN. Mycobacterium leprae in the epidermis: ultrastructural study I. Int J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis 1995; 63:101-4. [PMID: 7730705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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41
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Cho SN, van der Vliet GM, Park S, Baik SH, Kim SK, Chong Y, Kolk AH, Klatser PR, Kim JD. Colorimetric microwell plate hybridization assay for detection of amplified Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA from sputum samples. J Clin Microbiol 1995; 33:752-4. [PMID: 7751391 PMCID: PMC228029 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.33.3.752-754.1995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
We developed a colorimetric microwell plate hybridization assay (CoMPHA) for the specific detection of 5'-biotinylated amplified Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA. The optical densities of the CoMPHA corresponded to the initial amounts of purified template DNA. Here, we show that the CoMPHA is useful in distinguishing the PCR-positive and PCR-negative samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N Cho
- Department of Microbiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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42
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Lee JD, Kim DS, Shin JS, Cho SN, Kim SJ, Shin DH, Chung SH, Lee JT, Park CY, Kim SM. Localization of intracellular monoclonal antibody specific for mycobacteria in experimentally induced pulmonary tuberculous lesion. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 1995; 106:113-7. [PMID: 7819738 DOI: 10.1159/000236830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
To determine the intracellular localization of intravenously injected infection-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in the infected cells, immunohistochemical staining was carried out in an animal model having pulmonary tuberculous lesions induced by inoculation of heat-killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv. One milligram of intact mouse mAb against mycobacteria (group I, n = 10) and F(ab')2 (group II, n = 6) was intravenously injected to the rabbits of each group. Immunohistochemical staining using an antimouse Ab was performed at days 1, 3, 5, 7 and 8 in group I and at days 1, 2 and 3 in group II by the streptavidin-biotin method. For the control study, 1 ml of nonspecific polyclonal human IgG (group III, n = 10) and 100 micrograms of normal rabbit IgG F(ab')2 (group IV, n = 6) was injected to rabbits and guinea pigs having tuberculous inflammation, respectively. Both groups (group I and II) showed a positive antigen (Ag)-Ab reaction within the cytoplasm of monocytes. A weak but positive reaction was observed intracellularly in group III; however, no positive reaction was seen in group IV. Our results suggest that an intracellular Ag-Ab reaction plays an important role in the localization of infection by immunoscintigraphy using specific mAb fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Lee
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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43
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Noordhoek GT, Kolk AH, Bjune G, Catty D, Dale JW, Fine PE, Godfrey-Faussett P, Cho SN, Shinnick T, Svenson SB. Sensitivity and specificity of PCR for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: a blind comparison study among seven laboratories. J Clin Microbiol 1994; 32:277-84. [PMID: 8150935 PMCID: PMC263025 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.32.2.277-284.1994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 306] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
PCR is, in principle, a simple and rapid test for use in the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. However, virtually no data are available on the reliability and reproducibility of the method. In order to assess the validity of PCR for the detection of mycobacteria in clinical samples, seven laboratories participated in a blinded study of 200 sputum, saliva, and water samples containing either known numbers of Mycobacterium bovis BCG cells or no added organisms. Each laboratory used its own protocol for pretreatment, DNA extraction, and detection of the amplification product. Insertion sequence IS6110 was the target for DNA amplification. Several participating laboratories reported high levels of false-positive PCR results, with rates ranging from 3 to 20% and with one extreme value of 77%. The levels of sensitivity also ranged widely among the different participants. A positive PCR result was reported for 2 to 90% of the samples with 10(3) mycobacteria. Although most participants did include control tests to check the sensitivity and specificity of the PCR, the sequence of operations from sample pretreatment to purification of DNA from bacteria was not always monitored adequately. During these procedures cross-contaminating DNA was introduced and/or bacterial DNA was lost. The results of the study show that the implementation of an effective system for monitoring sensitivity and specificity is required before the PCR can be used reliably in the diagnosis of tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- G T Noordhoek
- Public Health Laboratory, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Brennan
- Department of Microbiology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80523
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Park SC, Lee BI, Cho SN, Kim WJ, Lee BC, Kim SM, Kim JD. Diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis by detection of immunoglobulin G antibodies to purified protein derivative and lipoarabinomannan antigen in cerebrospinal fluid. Tuber Lung Dis 1993; 74:317-22. [PMID: 8260665 DOI: 10.1016/0962-8479(93)90106-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of immunoglobulin G (IgG) activity in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and sera was conducted prospectively in 27 patients with tuberculous meningitis (TBM) by using purified protein derivative (PPD) and lipoarabinomannan (LAM) antigens, from January 1989 to August 1990. 29 patients with aseptic meningitis and 49 patients with non-inflammatory neurological illnesses served as controls. All patients had a computed tomography (CT) scan of the head before a lumbar puncture. The IgG antibodies to the antigens were significantly elevated in TBM, and the reactivity was more frequently positive in the CSF than in the sera, suggesting a local synthesis of IgG in the central nervous system (CNS). The sensitivity and the specificity for the diagnosis of TBM were 59.2% and 93.9% for PPD antigen, and 85.2% and 95.9% for LAM antigen, respectively. Assay of IgG reactivity to LAM antigen was clinically very useful for the early diagnosis of TBM and was superior to PPD for detecting the serological evidence of TBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Park
- Department of Neurology and Microbiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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46
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Cho SN, Gormus BJ, Xu K, Bohm RP, Walsh GP, Meyers WM, Kim JD. Serologic responses to nerve antigens in sooty mangabey monkeys with experimental leprosy. Int J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis 1993; 61:236-44. [PMID: 8371033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Eight sooty mangabey monkeys were inoculated intravenously and intradermally with varying doses of Mycobacterium leprae from 4.8 x 10(7) to 4.8 x 10(10). Serum samples were obtained from the animals at intervals of about 3 months for 90 months, and were examined for IgM and IgG antibodies to nerve antigens, including ceramide, galactocerebroside (GC), and asialo-GM1 (AGM1), using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The serological results were then compared with clinical findings, particularly nerve involvement. Of 8 mangabey monkeys inoculated with M. leprae, 7 animals had clinical leprosy; 6 of them had nerve damage, including neurologic deformities in 4 monkeys and nerve enlargement in 2. Median time for the initial signs of leprosy was 10 months postinoculation (p.i.), a range from 4 to 35 months. In contrast, nerve damage was noted rather late, about 35 to 86 months p.i. (median 54 months). The major immunoglobulin class to ceramide, GC, and AGM1 antigens was IgM, and the antibody responses to the nerve antigens appeared from 15 to 63 months p.i. (median 37 months). Antineural antibodies were thus detectable about 18 months (range -2 to 60 months) prior to observable nerve damage. In addition, elevation of antineural antibody levels were predictive of clinical exacerbation of the disease and neuritic damage. This study suggests that antineural antibodies are produced during the course of M. leprae infection and may be indicative of nerve damage, such as neurological deformities or nerve enlargement, in leprosy patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N Cho
- Department of Microbiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Yoon KH, Cho SN, Lee MK, Abalos RM, Cellona RV, Fajardo TT, Guido LS, Dela Cruz EC, Walsh GP, Kim JD. Evaluation of polymerase chain reaction amplification of Mycobacterium leprae-specific repetitive sequence in biopsy specimens from leprosy patients. J Clin Microbiol 1993; 31:895-9. [PMID: 8463401 PMCID: PMC263583 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.31.4.895-899.1993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Biopsy specimens were obtained from 102 leprosy patients before chemotherapy and examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using the primers amplifying the 372-bp DNA of a repetitive sequence of Mycobacterium leprae. The PCR results were then compared with bacterial indices (BI) of slit-skin smears and biopsy specimens. The intensities of DNA bands were in general correlated with the numbers of acid-fast bacilli, and even a sample with only one organism gave a PCR positive result. Ten 5-micron sections from each frozen tissue sample were pooled and processed for DNA preparation. PCR was positive for 11 (73.3%) of 15 biopsy specimens with BI of 0 determined for the paraffin sections from the same biopsy samples. PCR also gave positive results for 84 (96.6%) of 87 BI positive biopsy samples. Although the difference in overall results between the two methods was not statistically significant, PCR seemed to have an advantage over microscopic examination in detecting M. leprae in biopsy specimens negative for acid-fast bacilli. Further evaluation of PCR using more specimens from leprosy patients who are bacteriologically negative is warranted to ensure PCR's advantage over the conventional microscopic examination for the diagnosis of leprosy.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Yoon
- Department of Microbiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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48
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Cho SN, Shin JS, Daffe M, Chong Y, Kim SK, Kim JD. Production of monoclonal antibody to a phenolic glycolipid of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and its use in detection of the antigen in clinical isolates. J Clin Microbiol 1992; 30:3065-9. [PMID: 1452686 PMCID: PMC270589 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.30.12.3065-3069.1992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A monoclonal antibody (MAbIII604) specific to phenolic glycolipid Tb (PGL-Tb), a Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific antigen, was produced and used in the detection of the antigen. MAbIII604 reacted with the PGL-Tb antigen but not with other phenolic glycolipids from Mycobacterium leprae, M. bovis, and M. kansasii, thus indicating the specificity of the monoclonal antibody to PGL-Tb. A dot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with MAbIII604 was employed to detect the PGL-Tb antigen in lipids purified from M. tuberculosis clinical isolates. Of 50 isolates, 32 (64.0%) showed clear evidence of the PGL-Tb antigen by the dot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, but there were marked variations in the intensities and sizes of spots. This suggests differences in PGL-Tb antigen production among M. tuberculosis strains even when they are grown in the same culture media and conditions. This was most evident from the fact that in only eight (16.0%) of the isolates examined was the PGL-Tb antigen detectable by thin-layer chromatography, which is much less sensitive for the detection of glycolipid antigens. This study shows that monoclonal antibodies specific to PGL-Tb are useful in detecting the antigen in lipid extracts and that there is a marked variation in the PGL-Tb production among M. tuberculosis clinical isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N Cho
- Department of Microbiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Lee JD, Shin KH, Cho SN, Shin JS, Lee MG, Yang WI, Park CY, Yoo HS, Lee JT, Awh OD. Immunoscintigraphy in the detection of tuberculosis with radiolabelled antibody fragment against Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin: a preliminary study in a rabbit model. Eur J Nucl Med 1992; 19:1011-5. [PMID: 1464353 DOI: 10.1007/bf00180861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Immunoscintigraphy with radiolabelled monoclonal antibodies is widely used to detect solid tumours, but only a few trials have been carried out concerning the specific in vivo localization of an inflammatory process. The purpose of this study was to investigate the detectability of tuberculous foci utilizing this method with radiolabelled bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-specific F(ab')2 in rabbits. All of the tuberculous lesions (n = 8) were clearly visualized on serial scintigraphy for up to 48 h after injection of the antibody. Immunohistochemical and Ziel-Neelson staining of the tuberculous lesions confirmed the presence of the tuberculous antigens and bacilli. It failed to demonstrate any sustained retention of the BCG-specific antibody fragment in the control group with syphilitic orchitis (n = 2). Therefore, the specific in vivo localization of tuberculosis is feasible by immunoscintigraphy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Lee
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yonsei University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Seodaemun-gu, Korea
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Yoon KH, Cho SN, Lee TY, Cheon SH, Chang J, Kim SK, Chong Y, Chung DH, Lee WY, Kim JD. Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in clinical samples from patients with tuberculosis or other pulmonary diseases by polymerase chain reaction. Yonsei Med J 1992; 33:209-16. [PMID: 1292244 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.1992.33.3.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using primers targeting the IS6110 repetitive sequence was employed to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis in 228 samples from patients with tuberculosis or other pulmonary diseases and controls, and the results were compared with culture and clinical findings. None of culture negative samples from 17 healthy controls were PCR positive. Of 109 active tuberculosis patients under chemotherapy, 88 (80.7%) were PCR positive and were significantly higher than 63 (57.8%) positive by culture. Fifty-nine (93.7) of 63 culture positive and 29 (63.0%) of 46 culture negative specimens contained M. tuberculosis detectable by PCR. In 41 specimens from inactive tuberculosis patients who visited to the chest clinic because of chest problems, 16 (39.0%) also gave PCR positive results. In addition, 14 (46.7%) of 30 specimens submitted for M. tuberculosis culture from patients with pulmonary diseases were PCR positive. Presumptive diagnosis of these PCR positive patients was bronchitis, pneumonia, bronchial asthma, etc. Therefore, this study suggests that PCR is sensitive and specific in detecting M. tuberculosis in clinical specimens. However, the interpretation of the PCR results in specimens from patients with pulmonary diseases should be done cautiously in areas with a high prevalence of tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Yoon
- Department of Microbiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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