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McKone EL, Breen W, Foster NR, Bogan AW, Alstat RA, Boyce S, Schwartz JD, Ahmed SK, Mahajan A, Laack NN. Memantine for Pediatric Patients Receiving Cranial Irradiation: A Pilot Study. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:S134-S135. [PMID: 37784344 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) While memantine has become standard in certain adults receiving brain RT to decrease the cognitive impacts of RT, it is unknown whether pediatric patients can take and tolerate memantine or experience benefit. In this prospective single-arm feasibility study, we hypothesized pediatric patients receiving brain RT would tolerate memantine with good treatment adherence. MATERIALS/METHODS Patients aged 4-18 years with a primary CNS malignancy (excluding WHO Grade IV astrocytoma and glioblastoma) receiving intracranial RT were eligible. A 6-month course of memantine was given during and after RT. Dosing began once daily at 5 mg with up-titration in 5 mg increments over 4 weeks to a weight-based maximum (0.4 mg/kg to the closest 5 mg), not to exceed 10 mg BID. To reduce patient and clinical research associate (CRA) burden, medication adherence was tracked via the Medisafe Pill and Reminder application which study staff helped install on the patient or parent's smart phone. A paper pill diary was provided for those unable to use the app. The primary endpoint was to achieve 80% adherence rate to memantine in 80% of patients measured 1-month post-RT. RESULTS Eighteen patients (14 male and 4 female, median age 11.5 years (range: 4-18)) were enrolled from 2020-2022. The study closed early after enrolling 18 of 20 planned patients to avoid competing with the phase III randomized Children's Oncology Group (COG) study AACL2031. One patient withdrew for cognition-altering substance-use, leaving 17 patients with data available for analysis. Histologies included germ cell tumor (n = 6), craniopharyngioma (n = 3), choroid plexus papilloma (n = 2), ependymoma (n = 2), glial/astrocytoma (n = 2), medulloblastoma (n = 1), and meningioma (n = 1). Thirteen had surgery, and 9 received chemotherapy. Eight received craniospinal irradiation (CSI). Median RT dose was 54 Gy (range 36-59.4) in 30 fractions (range: 20-33). At data freeze, all 17 had passed the 1-month post-RT time point. One patient discontinued memantine after a single dose due to nausea. Pill-reports were available for 14 of the remaining 16; two patients did not complete digital pill logs. For those with complete logs, all adherence rates were above 80%, with a median of 99.32% pill completion rate (range: 92.67-100). Seven (50%) took 100% of prescribed doses. Irrespective of adherence for the 2 unavailable for evaluation, the primary endpoint was still achieved. Grade 1 toxicities included headache (n = 6, 35%) and constipation (n = 1, 6%); there were no grade 2+ toxicities. At last follow-up, 15/16 have completed the full 6-month memantine course. Secondary endpoints including neurocognitive evaluations have not yet been met and will be the subject of future reports. CONCLUSION Memantine is a feasible and well-tolerated addition to multi-modality treatment for pediatric brain tumors. Secondary endpoints of this study and results of the ongoing COG study are awaited to define the value of memantine in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L McKone
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - W Breen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - N R Foster
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - A W Bogan
- Department of Qualitative Health Sciences, Section of Biostatistics, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ
| | | | - S Boyce
- Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science Rochester, Rochester, MN
| | - J D Schwartz
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - S K Ahmed
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ
| | - A Mahajan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - N N Laack
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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Bosanac T, Hughes RO, Engber T, Devraj R, Brearley A, Danker K, Young K, Kopatz J, Hermann M, Berthemy A, Boyce S, Bentley J, Krauss R. Pharmacological SARM1 inhibition protects axon structure and function in paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy. Brain 2021; 144:3226-3238. [PMID: 33964142 PMCID: PMC8634121 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Axonal degeneration is an early and ongoing event that causes disability and disease progression in many neurodegenerative disorders of the peripheral and central nervous systems. Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a major cause of morbidity and the main cause of dose reductions and discontinuations in cancer treatment. Preclinical evidence indicates that activation of the Wallerian-like degeneration pathway driven by sterile alpha and TIR motif containing 1 (SARM1) is responsible for axonopathy in CIPN. SARM1 is the central driver of an evolutionarily conserved programme of axonal degeneration downstream of chemical, inflammatory, mechanical or metabolic insults to the axon. SARM1 contains an intrinsic NADase enzymatic activity essential for its pro-degenerative functions, making it a compelling therapeutic target to treat neurodegeneration characterized by axonopathies of the peripheral and central nervous systems. Small molecule SARM1 inhibitors have the potential to prevent axonal degeneration in peripheral and central axonopathies and to provide a transformational disease-modifying treatment for these disorders. Using a biochemical assay for SARM1 NADase we identified a novel series of potent and selective irreversible isothiazole inhibitors of SARM1 enzymatic activity that protected rodent and human axons in vitro. In sciatic nerve axotomy, we observed that these irreversible SARM1 inhibitors decreased a rise in nerve cADPR and plasma neurofilament light chain released from injured sciatic nerves in vivo. In a mouse paclitaxel model of CIPN we determined that Sarm1 knockout mice prevented loss of axonal function, assessed by sensory nerve action potential amplitudes of the tail nerve, in a gene-dosage-dependent manner. In that CIPN model, the irreversible SARM1 inhibitors prevented loss of intraepidermal nerve fibres induced by paclitaxel and provided partial protection of axonal function assessed by sensory nerve action potential amplitude and mechanical allodynia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd Bosanac
- Disarm Therapeutics, a wholly owned subsidiary of Eli Lilly & Co., Cambridge MA 02142, USA
| | - Robert O Hughes
- Disarm Therapeutics, a wholly owned subsidiary of Eli Lilly & Co., Cambridge MA 02142, USA
| | - Thomas Engber
- Disarm Therapeutics, a wholly owned subsidiary of Eli Lilly & Co., Cambridge MA 02142, USA
| | - Rajesh Devraj
- Disarm Therapeutics, a wholly owned subsidiary of Eli Lilly & Co., Cambridge MA 02142, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Raul Krauss
- Disarm Therapeutics, a wholly owned subsidiary of Eli Lilly & Co., Cambridge MA 02142, USA
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Williams H, Boyce S, Lim J, Patel M, Jacobs C, Muirhead R. Rectal Squamous Cell Carcinomas - Are They Really Rectal? Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2020; 32:343-344. [PMID: 31992487 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2020.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H Williams
- Department of Medicine, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - S Boyce
- Department of Surgery, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - J Lim
- Department of Surgery, Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Swindon, UK
| | - M Patel
- Department of Surgery, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - C Jacobs
- Department of Oncology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - R Muirhead
- Department of Oncology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
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Shah P, Mahr C, Rogers J, Kiernan M, Boyce S, Mokadam N, Pagani F, Vassiliades T, Teuteberg J. Impact of Stroke Onset Severity on 2-Year Survival in Destination Therapy Patients Supported by Centrifugal Flow versus Axial Flow Ventricular Assist Devices. J Heart Lung Transplant 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2019.01.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Desai M, Peer S, Oliveri L, Mass P, Opfermann J, Boyce S, Jonas R, Sinha P. Continuous Flow Ventricular Assist Device Implantation in Non Dilated Cardiomyopathy Pediatric Patients Using Complimentary 3D Techniques. J Heart Lung Transplant 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2019.01.1221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Dwight M, Bullock T, Dowling K, Ricks J, Jenner M, Boyce S, Narayanan S, Latham T. Haemolytic transfusion reaction in a Gy(a-) patient with anti-Gya
: a case report. Transfus Med 2019; 29:211-213. [DOI: 10.1111/tme.12583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Dwight
- Red Cell Immunohaematology; NHSBT - Filton Centre; Bristol UK
| | - T. Bullock
- Red Cell Immunohaematology; NHSBT - Filton Centre; Bristol UK
| | - K. Dowling
- University Hospitals Southampton; NHS Foundation Trust; Southampton UK
| | - J. Ricks
- University Hospitals Southampton; NHS Foundation Trust; Southampton UK
| | - M. Jenner
- University Hospitals Southampton; NHS Foundation Trust; Southampton UK
| | - S. Boyce
- University Hospitals Southampton; NHS Foundation Trust; Southampton UK
| | - S. Narayanan
- University Hospitals Southampton; NHS Foundation Trust; Southampton UK
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Cornwall H, Edwards B, Curran J, Boyce S. #22 Postoperative coffee consumption for accelerated resolution of ileus following abdominal surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (poster presentation). Int J Surg 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2018.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Foley R, Lundon D, Boyce S, O’Brien F, Galvin D, Watson RW. Predicting prostate cancer: A comparison of the prostate cancer prevention trial risk calculator and the European randomized study of screening for prostate cancer risk calculator in a contemporary Irish cohort. Int J Surg 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2015.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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O'Reilly P, Ortutay C, Gernon G, O'Connell E, Seoighe C, Boyce S, Serrano L, Szegezdi E. Co-acting gene networks predict TRAIL responsiveness of tumour cells with high accuracy. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:1144. [PMID: 25527049 PMCID: PMC4378270 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-1144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Identification of differentially expressed genes from transcriptomic studies is one of the most common mechanisms to identify tumor biomarkers. This approach however is not well suited to identify interaction between genes whose protein products potentially influence each other, which limits its power to identify molecular wiring of tumour cells dictating response to a drug. Due to the fact that signal transduction pathways are not linear and highly interlinked, the biological response they drive may be better described by the relative amount of their components and their functional relationships than by their individual, absolute expression. Results Gene expression microarray data for 109 tumor cell lines with known sensitivity to the death ligand cytokine tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) was used to identify genes with potential functional relationships determining responsiveness to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. The machine learning technique Random Forest in the statistical environment “R” with backward elimination was used to identify the key predictors of TRAIL sensitivity and differentially expressed genes were identified using the software GeneSpring. Gene co-regulation and statistical interaction was assessed with q-order partial correlation analysis and non-rejection rate. Biological (functional) interactions amongst the co-acting genes were studied with Ingenuity network analysis. Prediction accuracy was assessed by calculating the area under the receiver operator curve using an independent dataset. We show that the gene panel identified could predict TRAIL-sensitivity with a very high degree of sensitivity and specificity (AUC = 0 · 84). The genes in the panel are co-regulated and at least 40% of them functionally interact in signal transduction pathways that regulate cell death and cell survival, cellular differentiation and morphogenesis. Importantly, only 12% of the TRAIL-predictor genes were differentially expressed highlighting the importance of functional interactions in predicting the biological response. Conclusions The advantage of co-acting gene clusters is that this analysis does not depend on differential expression and is able to incorporate direct- and indirect gene interactions as well as tissue- and cell-specific characteristics. This approach (1) identified a descriptor of TRAIL sensitivity which performs significantly better as a predictor of TRAIL sensitivity than any previously reported gene signatures, (2) identified potential novel regulators of TRAIL-responsiveness and (3) provided a systematic view highlighting fundamental differences between the molecular wiring of sensitive and resistant cell types. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-1144) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Eva Szegezdi
- Apoptosis Research Centre, National University of Ireland Galway, University Rd, Galway, Ireland.
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Sewell L, Mitchell-Issitt C, Barley K, Chebbout C, Msimanga S, Clinch L, Boyce S, Steiner M, Singh S. P156 Can Specialist Nurses Predict Which Patients Will Readmit Following Delivery Of A Copd Care Bundle? Thorax 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2014-206260.285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Sewell L, Mitchell-Issitt C, Barley K, Chebbout C, Msimanga S, Clinch L, Boyce S, Steiner M, Singh S. S84 Is There A Relationship Between Acceptance Of Referral To Smoking Cessation Services Or Pulmonary Rehabilitation And Readmission Rates For Patients With Copd? Thorax 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2014-206260.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Sewell L, Cheung M, Mitchell-Issitt C, Barley K, Chebbout C, Msimanga S, Boyce S, Steiner MC, Singh SJ. S70 Implementing a COPD discharge bundle on a large scale. Thorax 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2013-204457.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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van der Stelt M, Cals J, Broeders-Josten S, Cottney J, van der Doelen AA, Hermkens M, de Kimpe V, King A, Klomp J, Oosterom J, Pols-de Rooij I, de Roos J, van Tilborg M, Boyce S, Baker J. Discovery and optimization of 1-(4-(pyridin-2-yl)benzyl)imidazolidine-2,4-dione derivatives as a novel class of selective cannabinoid CB2 receptor agonists. J Med Chem 2011; 54:7350-62. [PMID: 21923175 DOI: 10.1021/jm200916p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Here, we report the identification and optimization of 1-(4-(pyridin-2-yl)benzyl)imidazolidine-2,4-dione derivatives as a novel chemotype with selective cannabinoid CB2 receptor agonist activity. 1 is a potent and selective cannabinoid CB2 receptor agonist (hCB2 pEC(50) = 8.6). The compound was found to be metabolically unstable, which resulted in low oral bioavailability in rat (F(po) = 4%) and possessed off-target activity at the hERG ion channel (pK(i) = 5.5). Systematic modification of physicochemical properties, such as lipophilicity and basicity, was used to optimize the pharmacokinetic profile and hERG affinity of this novel class of cannabinoid CB2 receptor agonists. This led to the identification of 44 as a potent, selective, and orally bioavailable cannabinoid CB2 receptor agonist (hCB2 pEC(50) = 8.0; hERG pK(i) < 4; F(po) = 100%), which was active in a rat spinal nerve ligation model of neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario van der Stelt
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Oss, The Netherlands.
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Boyce S, Barrington C, Bolanos JH, Arandi CG, Paz-Bailey G. P5-S6.17 Facilitating access to sexual health services for men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender persons in Guatemala city. Sex Transm Infect 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2011-050108.573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Miller W, Alvarez B, Boyce S, Alvarado A, Barrington C, Paz-Bailey G. P1-S2.23 Transgender persons in Guatemala - over-exposed and under-protected - the findings of an RDS behavioural survey. Sex Transm Infect 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2011-050108.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Farach N, Boyce S, Barrington C, Galindo C, Paz-Bailey G. P2-S6.04 Needs assessment on STI prevention services among men who have sex with men with HIV in Guatemala City, 2010. Br J Vener Dis 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2011-050108.356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Hodgetts KJ, Blum CA, Caldwell T, Bakthavatchalam R, Zheng X, Capitosti S, Krause JE, Cortright D, Crandall M, Murphy BA, Boyce S, Brian Jones A, Chenard BL. Pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazines, discovery of TRPV1 antagonists with reduced potential for the formation of reactive metabolites. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:4359-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.06.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2010] [Revised: 06/10/2010] [Accepted: 06/11/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Blum CA, Caldwell T, Zheng X, Bakthavatchalam R, Capitosti S, Brielmann H, De Lombaert S, Kershaw MT, Matson D, Krause JE, Cortright D, Crandall M, Martin WJ, Murphy BA, Boyce S, Jones AB, Mason G, Rycroft W, Perrett H, Conley R, Burnaby-Davies N, Chenard BL, Hodgetts KJ. Discovery of Novel 6,6-Heterocycles as Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid (TRPV1) Antagonists. J Med Chem 2010; 53:3330-48. [PMID: 20307063 DOI: 10.1021/jm100051g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charles A. Blum
- Neurogen Corporation, 35 Northeast Industrial Road, Branford, Connecticut 06405
| | - Timothy Caldwell
- Neurogen Corporation, 35 Northeast Industrial Road, Branford, Connecticut 06405
| | - Xiaozhang Zheng
- Neurogen Corporation, 35 Northeast Industrial Road, Branford, Connecticut 06405
| | | | - Scott Capitosti
- Neurogen Corporation, 35 Northeast Industrial Road, Branford, Connecticut 06405
| | - Harry Brielmann
- Neurogen Corporation, 35 Northeast Industrial Road, Branford, Connecticut 06405
| | | | - Mark T. Kershaw
- Neurogen Corporation, 35 Northeast Industrial Road, Branford, Connecticut 06405
| | - David Matson
- Neurogen Corporation, 35 Northeast Industrial Road, Branford, Connecticut 06405
| | - James E. Krause
- Neurogen Corporation, 35 Northeast Industrial Road, Branford, Connecticut 06405
| | - Daniel Cortright
- Neurogen Corporation, 35 Northeast Industrial Road, Branford, Connecticut 06405
| | - Marci Crandall
- Neurogen Corporation, 35 Northeast Industrial Road, Branford, Connecticut 06405
| | - William J. Martin
- Merck Sharp and Dohme Limited, Hertford Road, Hoddesdon Herts EN11 9BU, U.K
| | - Beth Ann Murphy
- Merck Sharp and Dohme Limited, Hertford Road, Hoddesdon Herts EN11 9BU, U.K
| | - Susan Boyce
- Merck Sharp and Dohme Limited, Hertford Road, Hoddesdon Herts EN11 9BU, U.K
| | - A. Brian Jones
- Merck Sharp and Dohme Limited, Hertford Road, Hoddesdon Herts EN11 9BU, U.K
| | - Glenn Mason
- Merck Sharp and Dohme Limited, Hertford Road, Hoddesdon Herts EN11 9BU, U.K
| | - Wayne Rycroft
- Merck Sharp and Dohme Limited, Hertford Road, Hoddesdon Herts EN11 9BU, U.K
| | - Helen Perrett
- Merck Sharp and Dohme Limited, Hertford Road, Hoddesdon Herts EN11 9BU, U.K
| | - Rachael Conley
- Merck Sharp and Dohme Limited, Hertford Road, Hoddesdon Herts EN11 9BU, U.K
| | | | - Bertrand L. Chenard
- Neurogen Corporation, 35 Northeast Industrial Road, Branford, Connecticut 06405
| | - Kevin J. Hodgetts
- Neurogen Corporation, 35 Northeast Industrial Road, Branford, Connecticut 06405
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Morriello GJ, Mills SG, Johnson T, Reibarkh M, Chicchi G, DeMartino J, Kurtz M, Davies P, Tsao K, Zheng S, Tong X, Carlson E, Townson K, Tattersall F, Wheeldon A, Boyce S, Collinson N, Rupniak N, Moore S, DeVita RJ. Substituted fused bicyclic pyrrolizinones as potent, orally bioavailable hNK1 antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:2007-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.01.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2009] [Revised: 01/14/2010] [Accepted: 01/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Miller RE, Boyce S, Whelan JS. Mobile phone use within an oncology department. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2009; 22:86-7. [PMID: 20015623 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2009.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2009] [Accepted: 11/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Morris L, Supp D, Ripberger M, Klingenberg J, Maldonado A, Parvadia J, Boyce S, Lim F, Crombleholme T. 78. The Role of the Stromal Cell-Derived Factor-1 Alpha (SDF-1A)/Chemokine Receptor 4 (CXCR4) Axis in a Novel Model of De Novo Neovascularization. J Surg Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2008.11.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Morriello GJ, DeVita RJ, Mills SG, Young JR, Lin P, Doss G, Chicchi GG, DeMartino J, Kurtz MM, Tsao KLC, Carlson E, Townson K, Wheeldon A, Boyce S, Collinson N, Rupniak N, Moore S. Fused bicyclic pyrrolizinones as new scaffolds for human NK1 antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:2156-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.11.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2007] [Accepted: 11/30/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Vicanová J, Ponec M, Weerheim A, Swope V, Westbrook M, Harriger D, Boyce S. Epidermal lipid metabolism of cultured skin substitutes during healing of full-thickness wounds in athymic mice. Wound Repair Regen 2007; 5:329-38. [PMID: 16984443 DOI: 10.1046/j.1524-475x.1997.50407.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Cultured epidermal keratinocytes provide an abundant supply of biologic material for wound treatment. Because restoration of barrier function is a definitive criterion for efficacy of wound closure and depends on the lipids present in the epidermis, we analyzed lipid composition of the epidermis in cultured skin substitutes in vitro and after grafting to athymic mice. The cultured skin substitutes were prepared from human keratinocytes and fibroblasts attached to collagen-glycosaminoglycan substrates. After 14 days of incubation, cultured skin substitutes were grafted orthotopically onto full-thickness wounds in athymic mice. Samples for lipid analysis were collected after 14 and 34 days of in vitro incubation, and 3 weeks and 4 months after grafting. Both in vitro samples show disproportions in epidermal lipid profile as compared with the native human epidermis, i.e., a low amount of phospholipids (indicating imbalance in proliferation and differentiation); a large excess of triglycerides (storage lipids); and low levels of free fatty acids, gluco-sphingolipids, cholesterol sulfate, and ceramides-suggesting abnormal composition of stratum corneum barrier lipids. Fatty acid analysis of cultured skin substitutes in vitro revealed insufficient uptake of linoleic acid, which resulted in increased synthesis of and substitution with monounsaturated fatty acids, mainly oleic acid. These abnormalities were partially corrected by 3 weeks after grafting; and 4 months after grafting, all epidermal lipids, with some minor exceptions, were synthesized in proportions very similar to human epidermis. Results of this study show that grafting of cultured skin substitutes to a physiologic host permits the recovery of lipid in proportion to that required for barrier formation in normal human epidermis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Vicanová
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Mincey B, Duh M, Thomas S, Moyneur E, Marynchencko M, Boyce S, Perez E. Risk of cancer treatment-related osteoporosis and fractures among women with breast cancer receiving aromatase inhibitors. J Clin Oncol 2006. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
557 Background: Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) are a novel hormonal therapy for breast cancer. However, AIs can cause bone loss by blocking estrogen production. This study aims to assess the association between AIs and treatment-related bone loss in a large managed care population of women with breast cancer. Methods: Using medical and pharmacy claims data from over 5 million beneficiaries between 01/01/1998 and 01/31/2005, we identified 12,368 patients with ≥ 2 breast cancer claims in a 6-month period, who also had no bone metastasis and no prior osteoporosis or fracture claims. Patients who received anti-estrogen therapy were also excluded to remove the protective confounding effects. 1,354 patients receiving an AI (anastrozole, exemestane, letrozole) were compared to 11,014 controls who did not receive an AI with respect to their risk of bone loss. The observation start date for the AI and control groups was defined as the service date of the first AI claim and breast cancer claim, respectively. The bone loss endpoints analyzed were osteoporosis (including osteopenia) and clinical fractures. Results: The univariate analysis found that the prevalence of osteoporosis was 8.7% in the AI group vs. 7.1% in the control group, resulting in a statistically significant relative risk of 1.3 (95% CI=1.1–1.6, p=0.01). The prevalence of bone fracture was also statistically significantly elevated in the AI group compared to the controls (13.5% vs. 10.3%) with a relative risk of 1.4 (95% CI=1.2–1.6, p=0.001). Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regressions showed that after adjusting for age and comorbidities, the risk of bone loss remained statistically significantly higher in the AI group than the non-AI group, with 27% (95% CI=4%-55%, p=0.02) and 21% (95% CI=3%-43%, p=0.02) increase in the risk of osteoporosis and fractures, respectively. Conclusions: This retrospective longitudinal analysis of a large cohort of breast cancer patients corroborates previous findings from smaller clinical trials and demonstrates that AI therapies carry an increased risk of bone loss. Monitoring and treatment management strategies to alleviate bone loss risk are warranted in women receiving AI for breast cancer. [Table: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Mincey
- First Coast Dematology and Internal Medicine, Jacksonville, FL; Analysis Group, Inc., Boston, MA; Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ; Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - M. Duh
- First Coast Dematology and Internal Medicine, Jacksonville, FL; Analysis Group, Inc., Boston, MA; Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ; Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - S. Thomas
- First Coast Dematology and Internal Medicine, Jacksonville, FL; Analysis Group, Inc., Boston, MA; Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ; Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - E. Moyneur
- First Coast Dematology and Internal Medicine, Jacksonville, FL; Analysis Group, Inc., Boston, MA; Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ; Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - M. Marynchencko
- First Coast Dematology and Internal Medicine, Jacksonville, FL; Analysis Group, Inc., Boston, MA; Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ; Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - S. Boyce
- First Coast Dematology and Internal Medicine, Jacksonville, FL; Analysis Group, Inc., Boston, MA; Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ; Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - E. Perez
- First Coast Dematology and Internal Medicine, Jacksonville, FL; Analysis Group, Inc., Boston, MA; Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ; Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
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Fletcher SR, McIver E, Lewis S, Burkamp F, Leech C, Mason G, Boyce S, Morrison D, Richards G, Sutton K, Jones AB. The search for novel TRPV1-antagonists: From carboxamides to benzimidazoles and indazolones. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:2872-6. [PMID: 16563760 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2006] [Revised: 02/28/2006] [Accepted: 03/02/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Based on a series of diaryl amides the corresponding inverse amides have been found to be potent TRPV1 receptor antagonists. Benzimidazole and indazolone derivatives prepared retained good potency in vitro and indazolone 4a was identified as a novel TRPV1 receptor antagonist suitable for evaluating orally in animal models of analgesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Robert Fletcher
- Merck Sharp & Dohme, The Neuroscience Research Centre, Terlings Park, Harlow, Essex CM20 2QR, UK.
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26
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Conley RK, Wheeldon A, Webb JK, DiPardo RM, Homnick CF, Bock MG, Chen TB, Chang RSL, Pettibone DJ, Boyce S. Inhibition of acute nociceptive responses in rat spinal cord by a bradykinin B1 receptor antagonist. Eur J Pharmacol 2005; 527:44-51. [PMID: 16310181 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2005.06.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2005] [Revised: 04/28/2005] [Accepted: 06/28/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study used behavioural and in vivo electrophysiological paradigms to examine the effects of systemic and spinal administration of a bradykinin B1 receptor antagonist, compound X, on acute nociceptive responses in the rat. In behavioural experiments, compound X significantly increased the latency to withdraw the hindpaw from a radiant heat source after both intravenous and intrathecal administration, without affecting motor performance on the rotarod. In electrophysiological experiments, both intravenous and direct spinal administration of compound X attenuated the responses of single dorsal horn neurones to noxious thermal stimulation of the hindpaw. These data show that the antinociceptive effects of a bradykinin B1 receptor antagonist are mediated, at least in part, at the level of the spinal cord and suggest a role for spinal bradykinin B1 receptors in acute nociception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel K Conley
- Merck Sharp and Dohme, In Vivo Neuroscience Department, Neuroscience Research Centre, Terlings Park, Eastwick Road, Harlow, Essex, CM20 2QR, UK.
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27
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Kuduk SD, Ng C, Feng DM, Wai JMC, Chang RSL, Harrell CM, Murphy KL, Ransom RW, Reiss D, Ivarsson M, Mason G, Boyce S, Tang C, Prueksaritanont T, Freidinger RM, Pettibone DJ, Bock MG. 2,3-Diaminopyridine Bradykinin B1 Receptor Antagonists. J Med Chem 2004; 47:6439-42. [PMID: 15588075 DOI: 10.1021/jm049394l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Bradykinin B1 receptor antagonists embody a potentially novel approach for the treatment of chronic pain and inflammation. A series of 2,3-diaminopyridine B1 antagonists was optimized to have sub-nanomolar affinity and good pharmacokinetic properties. Lead compounds were shown to exhibit good efficacy in rabbit in vivo models of pain and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott D Kuduk
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, PO Box 4, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, USA.
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28
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Rupniak NMJ, Fisher A, Boyce S, Clarke D, Pike A, O'Connor D, Watt A. P-Glycoprotein efflux reduces the brain concentration of the substance P (NK1 receptor) antagonists SR140333 and GR205171: a comparative study using mdr1a-/- and mdr1a+/+ mice. Behav Pharmacol 2004; 14:457-63. [PMID: 14501258 DOI: 10.1097/01.fbp.0000087734.21047.ae] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Investigation of the antidepressant-like actions of substance P (NK1 receptor) antagonists has been hindered by the few available compounds that bind with high affinity to the rat and mouse NK1 receptor, as these are the most commonly used preclinical species. The best available compounds for such studies are SR140333 and GR205171. However, SR140333 does not penetrate the central nervous system (CNS) after systemic administration, and GR205171 is active only at high doses, where unspecific pharmacological effects occur, so that changes in behaviour cannot be attributed to selective NK1 receptor blockade. These compounds may be substrates for P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and hence are actively excluded from the brain. The present studies used mdr1a-/- mice, a spontaneously occurring mutant that is deficient in P-gp, to examine the CNS penetration of SR140333 and GR205171. Following systemic administration of SR140333 and GR205171 (0.01-10 mg/kg i.v.), considerably higher drug concentrations were achieved in the brains of mdr1a-/- than in mdr1a+/+ mice, and this corresponded with a greater ability to inhibit NK1-agonist-induced behaviours in the mdr1a-/- mutants. Moreover, an NK1-receptor-specific inhibition of aggressive behaviour by GR205171 (10 mg/kg) could be demonstrated in mdr1a-/-, but not mdr1a+/+, mice. These findings suggest that P-gp deficient mice may have useful applications in behavioural pharmacology studies, especially when highly brain-penetrant compounds are not yet available.
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Affiliation(s)
- N M J Rupniak
- Department of Pharmacology, Merck Sharp and Dohme Research Laboratories, Neuroscience Research Centre, Harlow, Essex, UK.
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29
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Clark NC, Nagano N, Kuenzi FM, Jarolimek W, Huber I, Walter D, Wietzorrek G, Boyce S, Kullmann DM, Striessnig J, Seabrook GR. Neurological phenotype and synaptic function in mice lacking the CaV1.3 alpha subunit of neuronal L-type voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels. Neuroscience 2003; 120:435-42. [PMID: 12890513 DOI: 10.1016/s0306-4522(03)00329-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal L-type calcium channels have been implicated in pain perception and neuronal synaptic plasticity. To investigate this we have examined the effect of disrupting the gene encoding the CaV1.3 (alpha 1D) alpha subunit of L-type Ca2+ channels on neurological function, acute nociceptive behavior, and hippocampal synaptic function in mice. CaV1.3 alpha 1 subunit knockout (CaV1.3 alpha 1(-/-)) mice had relatively normal neurological function with the exception of reduced auditory evoked behavioral responses and lower body weight. Baseline thermal and mechanical thresholds were unaltered in these animals. CaV1.3 alpha 1(-/-) mice were also examined for differences in N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-dependent (100 Hz tetanization for 1 s) and NMDA receptor-independent (200 Hz in 100 microM DL-2-amino-5-phosphopentanoic acid) long-term potentiation within the CA1 region of the hippocampus. Both NMDA receptor-dependent and NMDA receptor-independent forms of long-term potentiation were expressed normally. Radioligand binding studies revealed that the density of (+)[3H]isradipine binding sites in brain homogenates was reduced by 20-25% in CaV1.3 alpha 1(-/-) mice, without any detectable change in CaV1.2 (alpha 1C) protein levels as detected using Western blot analysis. Taken together these data indicate that following loss of CaV1.3 alpha 1 subunit expression there is sufficient residual activity of other Ca2+ channel subtypes to support NMDA receptor-independent long-term potentiation and some forms of sensory behavior/function.
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Affiliation(s)
- N C Clark
- The Neuroscience Research Centre, Merck Sharp and Dohme Research Laboratories, Terlings Park, Eastwick Road, Harlow, Essex CM20 2QR, UK
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Su DS, Markowitz MK, DiPardo RM, Murphy KL, Harrell CM, O'Malley SS, Ransom RW, Chang RSL, Ha S, Hess FJ, Pettibone DJ, Mason GS, Boyce S, Freidinger RM, Bock MG. Discovery of a potent, non-peptide bradykinin B1 receptor antagonist. J Am Chem Soc 2003; 125:7516-7. [PMID: 12812482 DOI: 10.1021/ja0353457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bradykinin (BK) plays an important role in the pathophysiological processes accompanying pain and inflammation. Selective bradykinin B1 receptor antagonists have been shown to be anti-nociceptive in animal models and could be novel therapeutic agents for the treatment of pain and inflammation. We have explored chemical modifications in a series of dihydroquinoxalinone sulfonamides to evaluate the effects of various structural changes on biological activity. The optimization of a screening lead compound, facilitated by a homology model of the BK B1 receptor, culminated in the discovery of a potent human BK B1 receptor antagonist. Results from site-directed mutagenesis studies and experiments in an animal pain model are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai-Shi Su
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and Neuroscience, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA 19486, USA.
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31
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Joshi D, Boyce S. Notes - Chemical Investigation of Roots of Corissa Congesta, Santapau. I. Isolation of Carissone and D-Glucoside of β-Sisterol. J Org Chem 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jo01352a617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
The ability of the substance P (NK(1) receptor) antagonist (SPA) L-760735 to inhibit conditioned fear was assessed in gerbils using a four plate apparatus. Animals that had been treated with diazepam (3 mg/kg) or L-760735 (3 mg/kg) 30 min before a 3 min conditioning session in the apparatus exhibited a release of plate crossings during the retest session approximately 3 h later. Plate crossings were also increased when animals received diazepam or L-760735 30 min before the retest session. In contrast, fluoxetine and venlafaxine (30 mg/kg) did not exhibit anxiolytic-like effects. During the retest session, gerbils drummed their hind feet on the floor; this behaviour was not observed spontaneously in gerbils that were naïve to the apparatus. Foot drumming was abolished by pretreatment with L-760735 or diazepam (3 mg/kg) but was markedly increased following administration of fluoxetine or venlafaxine (30 mg/kg). Foot drumming elicited by aversive conditioning alone or in combination with fluoxetine was abolished by administration of L-760735 and by amygdala lesions involving the basolateral and lateral nuclei, indicating that this behaviour is an alarm signal or fear response mediated via release of substance P in brain circuits involving the amygdala. The observations provide further evidence for an anxiolytic-like profile of SPAs in preclinical assays and demonstrate a clear difference between the actions of SPAs and established antidepressant drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- N M J Rupniak
- Department of Pharmacology, Merck Sharp and Dohme Research Laboratories, Neuroscience Research Centre, Terlings Park, Harlow, Essex CM20 2QR, UK.
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33
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Seabrook GR, Sutton KG, Jarolimek W, Hollingworth GJ, Teague S, Webb J, Clark N, Boyce S, Kerby J, Ali Z, Chou M, Middleton R, Kaczorowski G, Jones AB. Functional properties of the high-affinity TRPV1 (VR1) vanilloid receptor antagonist (4-hydroxy-5-iodo-3-methoxyphenylacetate ester) iodo-resiniferatoxin. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2002; 303:1052-60. [PMID: 12438527 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.102.040394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We have synthesized iodinated resiniferatoxin bearing a 4-hydroxy-5-iodo-3-methoxyphenylacetate ester (I-RTX) and have characterized its activity on rat and human TRPV1 (VR1) receptors, as well as in behavioral assays of nociception. In whole cell patch-clamp recordings from transfected cells the functional activity of I-RTX was determined. Currents activated by capsaicin exhibited characteristic outward rectification and were antagonized by capsazepine and I-RTX. On rat TRPV1 the affinity of I-RTX was 800-fold higher than that of capsazepine (IC50 = 0.7 and 562 nM, respectively) and 10-fold higher on rat versus human receptors (IC50 = 0.7 and 5.4 nM, respectively). The same difference was observed when comparing the inhibition of [3H]RTX binding to rat and human TRPV1 membranes for both RTX and I-RTX. Additional pharmacological differences were revealed using protons as the stimulus. Under these conditions capsazepine only partly blocked currents through rat TRPV1 receptors (by 70 to 80% block), yet was a full antagonist on human receptors. In contrast, I-RTX completely blocked proton-induced currents in both species and that activated by noxious heat. I-RTX also blocked capsaicin-induced firing of C-fibers in a rat in vitro skin-nerve assay. Despite this activity and the high affinity of I-RTX for rat TRPV1, only capsazepine proved to be an effective antagonist of capsaicin-induced paw flinching in rats. Thus, although I-RTX has limited utility for in vivo behavioral studies it is a high-affinity TRPV1 receptor antagonist that will be useful to characterize the functional properties of cloned and native vanilloid receptor subtypes in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy R Seabrook
- The Neuroscience Research Centre, Merck Sharp and Dohme, Harlow, Essex, United Kingdom.
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Boyce S, Huang CC. Surgical Pearl: hemostat-assisted nail avulsion revisited. J Am Acad Dermatol 2001; 45:943-4. [PMID: 11712045 DOI: 10.1067/mjd.2001.118544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Boyce
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
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35
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Boyce S, Rupniak NM, Steventon MJ, Iversen SD. Differential effects of D1 and D2 agonists in MPTP-treated primates: functional implications for Parkinson's disease. 1990. Neurology 2001; 57:S27-33. [PMID: 11775597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
MESH Headings
- 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine/adverse effects
- 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine/history
- Animals
- Dopamine Agents/adverse effects
- Dopamine Agents/history
- Dopamine Agonists/history
- Dopamine Agonists/therapeutic use
- History, 20th Century
- Parkinson Disease/history
- Parkinson Disease, Secondary/chemically induced
- Receptors, Dopamine D1/agonists
- Receptors, Dopamine D1/history
- Receptors, Dopamine D2/agonists
- Receptors, Dopamine D2/history
- Saimiri
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Klatte K, Chaitman BR, Theroux P, Gavard JA, Stocke K, Boyce S, Bartels C, Keller B, Jessel A. Increased mortality after coronary artery bypass graft surgery is associated with increased levels of postoperative creatine kinase-myocardial band isoenzyme release: results from the GUARDIAN trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 2001; 38:1070-7. [PMID: 11583884 DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(01)01481-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We sought to determine if elevated cardiac serum biomarkers after coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) are associated with increased medium-term mortality and to identify patients that may benefit from better postoperative myocardial protection. BACKGROUND The relationship between the magnitude of cardiac serum protein elevation and subsequent mortality after CABG is not well defined, partly because of the lack of large, prospectively studied patient cohorts in whom postoperative elevations of cardiac serum markers have been correlated to medium- and long-term mortality. METHODS The GUARD during Ischemia Against Necrosis (GUARDIAN) study enrolled 2,918 patients assigned to the entry category of CABG and considered as high risk for myocardial necrosis. Creatine kinase-myocardial band (CK-MB) isoenzyme measurements were obtained at baseline and at 8, 12, 16 and 24 h after CABG. RESULTS The unadjusted six-month mortality rates were 3.4%, 5.8%, 7.8% and 20.2% for patients with a postoperative peak CK-MB ratio (peak CK-MB value/upper limits of normal [ULN] for laboratory test) of < 5, > or = 5 to <10, > or =10 to < 20 and > or =20 ULN, respectively (p < 0.0001). The relationship remained statistically significant after adjustment for ejection fraction, congestive heart failure, cerebrovascular disease, peripheral vascular disease, cardiac arrhythmias and the method of cardioplegia delivery. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed an area under the curve of 0.648 (p < 0.001); the optimal cut-point to predict six-month mortality ranged from 5 to 10 ULN. CONCLUSIONS Progressive elevation of the CK-MB ratio in clinically high-risk patients is associated with significant elevations of medium-term mortality after CABG. Strategies to afford myocardial protection both during CABG and in the postoperative phase may serve to improve the clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Klatte
- St. Louis University Health Sciences Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63110-0250, USA
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37
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Boyce S, Smith D, Carlson E, Hewson L, Rigby M, O'Donnell R, Harrison T, Rupniak NM. Intra-amygdala injection of the substance P [NK(1) receptor] antagonist L-760735 inhibits neonatal vocalisations in guinea-pigs. Neuropharmacology 2001; 41:130-7. [PMID: 11445193 DOI: 10.1016/s0028-3908(01)00051-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The involvement of the basolateral amygdala in mediating the inhibition of neonatal vocalisation by substance P (NK(1) receptor) antagonists was examined. These studies determined whether the time course for separation-induced vocalisations in guinea-pig pups coincided with NK(1) receptor internalisation (a marker of substance P release) in the amygdala, and whether vocalisations could be blocked by focal injection of the NK(1) receptor antagonist L-760735 into this brain region. The peak period for neonatal vocalisations occurred 5-10 min following maternal separation. This coincided with the peak increase in the number of cells in the basolateral amygdala exhibiting NK(1) receptor endocytosis, consistent with the proposal that substance P is released in the amygdala as a result of isolation stress. Focal injection of L-760735 (15 nmol per side) but not L-770765 (an analogue of L-760735 which has low NK(1) receptor affinity) into the basolateral amygdala attenuated separation-induced vocalisations. In contrast, injection of L-760735 (15 nmol per side) into the dorsal ventricular nucleus of the thalamus, a region with relatively low density of NK(1) receptors, had no effect on neonatal vocalisations. These findings are consistent with other evidence that the amygdala is one possible site of action for the inhibition of neonatal vocalisations by substance P antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Boyce
- Merck, Sharp and Dohme Research Laboratories, Neuroscience Research Centre, Terlings Park, Eastwick Road, Harlow, Essex CM20 2QR, UK
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Abstract
The mortality associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remains high. It has been suggested that use of the prone position may improve survival. However, approaches to the use of the position are often haphazard. The development of clinical guidelines indicating the need for the prone position in ARDS and the process by which the manoeuvre may be performed were thought to be important for two reasons. Primarily, we sought to improve oxygenation through the use of the prone position whilst promoting patient safety. Secondly, we wished to standardize our approach to the use of the prone position and make recommendations for practice so that its use was no longer seen as a last resort in the management of ARDS. The process associated with the development of clinical guidelines is first described. This is followed by presentation of the clinical guidelines. Included in these are the criteria and discussion which indicate consideration of the prone position, potential exclusion criteria, pre-turn considerations, the turning technique, monitoring the effectiveness of the prone position, passive movements and limb positioning and, finally, documentation of the problems associated with use of the prone position. The paper concludes with discussion concerning the potential for future research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ball
- St Bartholomew's School of Nursing and Midwifery, City University, London, UK.
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40
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Riendeau D, Percival MD, Brideau C, Charleson S, Dubé D, Ethier D, Falgueyret JP, Friesen RW, Gordon R, Greig G, Guay J, Mancini J, Ouellet M, Wong E, Xu L, Boyce S, Visco D, Girard Y, Prasit P, Zamboni R, Rodger IW, Gresser M, Ford-Hutchinson AW, Young RN, Chan CC. Etoricoxib (MK-0663): preclinical profile and comparison with other agents that selectively inhibit cyclooxygenase-2. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2001; 296:558-66. [PMID: 11160644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
We report here the preclinical profile of etoricoxib (MK-0663) [5-chloro-2-(6-methylpyridin-3-yl)-3-(4-methylsulfonylphenyl) pyridine], a novel orally active agent that selectively inhibits cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), that has been developed for high selectivity in vitro using whole blood assays and sensitive COX-1 enzyme assays at low substrate concentration. Etoricoxib selectively inhibited COX-2 in human whole blood assays in vitro, with an IC(50) value of 1.1 +/- 0.1 microM for COX-2 (LPS-induced prostaglandin E2 synthesis), compared with an IC(50) value of 116 +/- 8 microM for COX-1 (serum thromboxane B2 generation after clotting of the blood). Using the ratio of IC(50) values (COX-1/COX-2), the selectivity ratio for the inhibition of COX-2 by etoricoxib in the human whole blood assay was 106, compared with values of 35, 30, 7.6, 7.3, 2.4, and 2.0 for rofecoxib, valdecoxib, celecoxib, nimesulide, etodolac, and meloxicam, respectively. Etoricoxib did not inhibit platelet or human recombinant COX-1 under most assay conditions (IC(50) > 100 microM). In a highly sensitive assay for COX-1 with U937 microsomes where the arachidonic acid concentration was lowered to 0.1 microM, IC(50) values of 12, 2, 0.25, and 0.05 microM were obtained for etoricoxib, rofecoxib, valdecoxib, and celecoxib, respectively. These differences in potency were in agreement with the dissociation constants (K(i)) for binding to COX-1 as estimated from an assay based on the ability of the compounds to delay the time-dependent inhibition by indomethacin. Etoricoxib was a potent inhibitor in models of carrageenan-induced paw edema (ID(50) = 0.64 mg/kg), carrageenan-induced paw hyperalgesia (ID(50) = 0.34 mg/kg), LPS-induced pyresis (ID(50) = 0.88 mg/kg), and adjuvant-induced arthritis (ID(50) = 0.6 mg/kg/day) in rats, without effects on gastrointestinal permeability up to a dose of 200 mg/kg/day for 10 days. In squirrel monkeys, etoricoxib reversed LPS-induced pyresis by 81% within 2 h of administration at a dose of 3 mg/kg and showed no effect in a fecal 51Cr excretion model of gastropathy at 100 mg/kg/day for 5 days, in contrast to lower doses of diclofenac or naproxen. In summary, etoricoxib represents a novel agent that selectively inhibits COX-2 with 106-fold selectivity in human whole blood assays in vitro and with the lowest potency of inhibition of COX-1 compared with other reported selective agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Riendeau
- Department of Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Biology, Merck Frosst Centre for Therapeutic Research, Kirkland, Quebec, Canada.
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Souslova V, Cesare P, Ding Y, Akopian AN, Stanfa L, Suzuki R, Carpenter K, Dickenson A, Boyce S, Hill R, Nebenuis-Oosthuizen D, Smith AJ, Kidd EJ, Wood JN. Warm-coding deficits and aberrant inflammatory pain in mice lacking P2X3 receptors. Nature 2000; 407:1015-7. [PMID: 11069182 DOI: 10.1038/35039526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 355] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
ATP activates damage-sensing neurons (nociceptors) and can evoke a sensation of pain. The ATP receptor P2X3 is selectively expressed by nociceptors and is one of seven ATP-gated, cation-selective ion channels. Here we demonstrate that ablation of the P2X3 gene results in the loss of rapidly desensitizing ATP-gated cation currents in dorsal root ganglion neurons, and that the responses of nodose ganglion neurons to ATP show altered kinetics and pharmacology resulting from the loss of expression of P2X(2/3) heteromultimers. Null mutants have normal sensorimotor function. Behavioural responses to noxious mechanical and thermal stimuli are also normal, although formalin-induced pain behaviour is reduced. In contrast, deletion of the P2X3 receptor causes enhanced thermal hyperalgesia in chronic inflammation. Notably, although dorsal-horn neuronal responses to mechanical and noxious heat application are normal, P2X3-null mice are unable to code the intensity of non-noxious 'warming' stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Souslova
- Department of Biology, University College London, UK
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Abstract
The present study directly compared the antinociceptive and toxic effects of the neuronal nicotinic receptor agonist ABT-594 ((R)-5-(2-azetidinylmethoxy)-2-chloropyridine) with (-)-nicotine and (+)-epibatidine. Like (-)-nicotine (0.8 and 1.6 mg/kg s.c.) and (+)-epibatidine (0.005 and 0.01 mg/kg s.c.), ABT-594 (0.05 and 0.1 mg/kg s.c.) increased response latencies in the hot-plate test in rats, indicating that it has antinociceptive activity. In contrast to (-)-nicotine and (+)-epibatidine, ABT-594 did not cause rotarod impairment at antinociceptive doses but did cause hypothermia and life-threatening adverse effects including seizures. ABT-594 (0.01 and 0.1 mg/kg i.v.) also produced a dose-dependent increase in blood pressure resembling that observed with (-)-nicotine (0.03, 0.1 and 0. 03 mg/kg i.v.) and (+)-epibatidine (0.001 and 0.003 mg/kg i.v.). Both the antinociceptive and toxic effects (convulsions and hypertension) were abolished by pretreatment with the brain penetrant neuronal nAChR antagonist mecamylamine (1 mg/kg s.c.; i.v. for cardiovascular studies), demonstrating that these actions of ABT-594 were mediated via activation of neuronal nicotinic receptors. Continuous infusion of ABT-594 (0.2 mg/kg per day s.c.) to rats for 7 days followed by challenge with mecamylamine (1 mg/kg i.p.) induced a nicotine-like abstinence syndrome suggesting that ABT-594 has nicotine-like dependence liability. These findings indicate that the acute safety profile of ABT-594 is not significantly improved over other nicotinic analgesics.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Boyce
- Merck Sharp and Dohme Research Laboratories, Neuroscience Research Centre, Terlings Park, Eastwick Road, Harlow, Essex CM20 2QR, UK
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Gunton JE, McElduff A, Sulway M, Stiel J, Kelso I, Boyce S, Fulcher G, Robinson B, Clifton-Bligh P, Wilmshurst E. Outcome of pregnancies complicated by pre-gestational diabetes mellitus. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 2000; 40:38-43. [PMID: 10870777 DOI: 10.1111/j.1479-828x.2000.tb03164.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Pregestational diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with adverse fetal and maternal outcomes. Studies suggest that optimal control of diabetes before and during pregnancy minimises these risks. There are few recent reviews of outcomes of pregnancies complicated by DM in Australia. Ninety-three pregnancies in women with DM at our hospital since 1989 were identified. We collected data for maternal age, type of diabetes, duration of therapy, complications of diabetes, maternal complications of pregnancy and fetal outcomes including malformations. The rate of pregnancy planning with optimal glycaemic control at conception was low in our population, particularly in patients with Type 1 diabetes. Women who smoked had worse glycaemic control, and a higher rate of miscarriage. There was a high rate of Caesarean section, particularly in those women with Type 1 diabetes (77.4%). The rate of Caesarean section was lower in planned pregnancies. There were no perinatal deaths. The number of neonates with major congenital anomalies was high (13%) in the Type 1 population. It is important to increase the rates of prepregnancy planning and to optimise glycaemic control before pregnancy. In many cases there has been a long interval between diagnosis and pregnancy, so all women with diabetes should receive counselling at frequent intervals about pregnancy and the importance of planning. Women who planned their pregnancies had improved outcomes, with decreased rate of Caesarean section, better glycaemic control and better neonatal Apgar scores. Women with diabetes should not smoke during pregnancy because of the increased risk of miscarriage and poorer glycaemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Gunton
- Department of Endocrinology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales
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Abstract
Naming things is essential for people to understand one another, no matter what language or field of interest is involved. This is as true for enzymes, genes and chemicals as it is for birds, food, flowers, etc. Effective communication requires a lack of ambiguity, but, in practice, ambiguities abound even between people who use the same language in different parts of the world, or even within the same country. Whereas ambiguities in the words used for common objects or actions have been the basis for many, more-or-less memorable jokes, they can also cause a great deal of confusion. Such linguistic chaos is welcomed by many as being a part of a diverse heritage that should be preserved at all costs to prevent us from descending into Orwellian 'newspeak'. However, in the sciences, there are distinct advantages in others being able to understand what one is doing. Many groups have stressed the need for standardized, universally accepted systems of nomenclature in chemistry, genetics, enzymology, etc. However, it is the universal acceptance that usually causes the problem. It is rare to find people who will admit that they find nomenclature to be an interesting subject, but many who profess contempt for it will get very excited if it is suggested that their pet nomenclature should be changed in the interest of clarity or uniformity. This account will consider the development of the enzyme nomenclature system, its benefits, shortcomings and future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Tipton
- Department of Biochemistry, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland.
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Shepheard S, Edvinsson L, Cumberbatch M, Williamson D, Mason G, Webb J, Boyce S, Hill R, Hargreaves R. Possible antimigraine mechanisms of action of the 5HT1F receptor agonist LY334370. Cephalalgia 1999; 19:851-8. [PMID: 10668103 DOI: 10.1046/j.1468-2982.1999.1910851.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated whether the selective 5HT1F receptor agonist LY334370 has other possible antimigraine mechanisms in addition to the proposed inhibition of dural plasma extravasation. LY334370 (up to 10(-5) M) had no vasoconstrictor effects on human cerebral arteries in vitro. It had no effect (up to 10 mg kg-1, i.v.) on neurogenic vasodilation of dural blood vessels produced by electrical stimulation of the dura mater in anesthetized rats. Nor had it any effect (at 3 mg kg-1, i.v.) on the hyperalgesia produced by injection of carrageenan into the paw of conscious rats or on nociceptive reflex responses in the spinalized, decerebrate rabbit (up to 3 mg kg-1, i.v.), indicating that it has no general analgesic properties. However, it significantly inhibited activation of second-order neurons in the trigeminal nucleus caudalis produced by electrical stimulation of the dura mater in anesthetised rats at 3 mg kg-1, i.v. These results provide evidence to suggest that LY334370 has a central mechanism of action in blocking the transmission of nociceptive impulses within the trigeminal nucleus caudalis and that this may represent a mechanism through which it has its antimigraine effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Shepheard
- Department of Pharmacology, Merck, Sharp and Dohme Neuroscience Research Laboratories, Harlow, Essex, UK.
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Leblanc Y, Roy P, Boyce S, Brideau C, Chan CC, Charleson S, Gordon R, Grimm E, Guay J, Léger S, Li CS, Riendeau D, Visco D, Wang Z, Webb J, Xu LJ, Prasit P. SAR in the alkoxy lactone series: the discovery of DFP, a potent and orally active COX-2 inhibitor. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1999; 9:2207-12. [PMID: 10465547 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(99)00365-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Extensive SAR has been established in the alkoxy lactone series and this has lead to the discovery of DFP (5,5-dimethyl-3-(2-propoxy)-4-methanesulfonylphenyl)-2(5H)-furanon e), a potent COX-2 inhibitor exhibiting in vivo efficacy in all models studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Leblanc
- Merck Frosst Centre for Therapeutic Research, Québec, Canada
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48
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Chan CC, Boyce S, Brideau C, Charleson S, Cromlish W, Ethier D, Evans J, Ford-Hutchinson AW, Forrest MJ, Gauthier JY, Gordon R, Gresser M, Guay J, Kargman S, Kennedy B, Leblanc Y, Leger S, Mancini J, O'Neill GP, Ouellet M, Patrick D, Percival MD, Perrier H, Prasit P, Rodger I. Rofecoxib [Vioxx, MK-0966; 4-(4'-methylsulfonylphenyl)-3-phenyl-2-(5H)-furanone]: a potent and orally active cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor. Pharmacological and biochemical profiles. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1999; 290:551-60. [PMID: 10411562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The discoveries that cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 is an inducible form of COX involved in inflammation and that COX-1 is the major isoform responsible for the production of prostaglandins (PGs) in the gastrointestinal tract have provided a rationale for the development of specific COX-2 inhibitors as a new class of anti-inflammatory agents with improved gastrointestinal tolerability. In the present study, the preclinical pharmacological and biochemical profiles of rofecoxib [Vioxx, also known as MK-0966, 4-(4'-methylsulfonylphenyl)-3-phenyl-2-(5H)-furanone], an orally active COX-2 inhibitor, are described. Rofecoxib is a potent inhibitor of the COX-2-dependent production of PGE(2) in human osteosarcoma cells (IC(50) = 26 +/- 10 nM) and Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing human COX-2 (IC(50) = 18 +/- 7 nM) with a 1000-fold selectivity for the inhibition of COX-2 compared with the inhibition of COX-1 activity (IC(50) > 50 microM in U937 cells and IC(50) > 15 microM in Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing human COX-1). Rofecoxib is a time-dependent inhibitor of purified human recombinant COX-2 (IC(50) = 0.34 microM) but caused inhibition of purified human COX-1 in a non-time-dependent manner that could only be observed at a very low substrate concentration (IC(50) = 26 microM at 0.1 microM arachidonic acid concentration). In an in vitro human whole blood assay, rofecoxib selectively inhibited lipopolysaccharide-induced, COX-2-derived PGE(2) synthesis with an IC(50) value of 0.53 +/- 0.02 microM compared with an IC(50) value of 18.8 +/- 0.9 microM for the inhibition of COX-1-derived thromboxane B(2) synthesis after blood coagulation. Using the ratio of the COX-1 IC(50) values over the COX-2 IC(50) values in the human whole blood assay, selectivity ratios for the inhibition of COX-2 of 36, 6.6, 2, 3, and 0.4 were obtained for rofecoxib, celecoxib, meloxicam, diclofenac, and indomethacin, respectively. In several in vivo rodent models, rofecoxib is a potent inhibitor of carrageenan-induced paw edema (ID(50) = 1.5 mg/kg), carrageenan-induced paw hyperalgesia (ID(50) = 1.0 mg/kg), lipopolysaccharide-induced pyresis (ID(50) = 0.24 mg/kg), and adjuvant-induced arthritis (ID(50) = 0.74 mg/kg/day). Rofecoxib also has a protective effect on adjuvant-induced destruction of cartilage and bone structures in rats. In a (51)Cr excretion assay for detection of gastrointestinal integrity in either rats or squirrel monkeys, rofecoxib has no effect at doses up to 200 mg/kg/day for 5 days. Rofecoxib is a novel COX-2 inhibitor with a biochemical and pharmacological profile clearly distinct from that of current nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and represents a new therapeutic class of anti-inflammatory agents for the treatment of the symptoms of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis with improved gastrointestinal tolerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Chan
- Departments of Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Frosst Centre for Therapeutic Research, Kirkland, Quebec, Canada.
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49
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Affiliation(s)
- S Boyce
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
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50
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Akopian AN, Souslova V, England S, Okuse K, Ogata N, Ure J, Smith A, Kerr BJ, McMahon SB, Boyce S, Hill R, Stanfa LC, Dickenson AH, Wood JN. The tetrodotoxin-resistant sodium channel SNS has a specialized function in pain pathways. Nat Neurosci 1999; 2:541-8. [PMID: 10448219 DOI: 10.1038/9195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 601] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Many damage-sensing neurons express tetrodotoxin (TTX)-resistant voltage-gated sodium channels. Here we examined the role of the sensory-neuron-specific (SNS) TTX-resistant sodium channel alpha subunit in nociception and pain by constructing sns-null mutant mice. These mice expressed only TTX-sensitive sodium currents on step depolarizations from normal resting potentials, showing that all slow TTX-resistant currents are encoded by the sns gene. Null mutants were viable, fertile and apparently normal, although lowered thresholds of electrical activation of C-fibers and increased current densities of TTX-sensitive channels demonstrated compensatory upregulation of TTX-sensitive currents in sensory neurons. Behavioral studies demonstrated a pronounced analgesia to noxious mechanical stimuli, small deficits in noxious thermoreception and delayed development of inflammatory hyperalgesia. These data show that SNS is involved in pain pathways and suggest that blockade of SNS expression or function may produce analgesia without side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Akopian
- Molecular Nociception Group, Department of Biology, Medawar Building, University College, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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