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Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: None.
Background
Stroke is the third leading cause of death in the United States, with evident differences in health outcomes by race and socioeconomic factors. We aim to focus on social determinants of health by race/ethnicity and education level that greatly influences the health-related quality of life in stroke survivors.
Method
Using the 2017 Behavior Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey data, the direct age-adjusted prevalence was standardized to the 2000 projected US population. Multivariable weighted logistic regression models were post-estimated to calculate marginal effects of age, gender, education, and race on social determinants of health (housing insecurity, food insecurity, healthcare access hardship) at mean values of other predictors for stroke survivors. Models were adjusted for demographics, socioeconomic position, and stroke risk factors. Marginal effects (ME) reported as predicted probabilities.
Result
Among stroke survivors, nearly 27% reported housing insecurity and healthcare access hardship, and 48% reported food insecurity. The prevalence of housing insecurity was significantly higher among female (31.69%) than male (21.98%) survivors, and of race, highest among Non-Hispanic-Black (37.49%), lower among Non-Hispanic-Whites (23.83%), and lowest among Hispanics (17.20%) stroke survivors. In contrast, food insecurity was highest among Hispanics (63.71%). Healthcare access hardship was similar across the group with a comparatively lower prevalence in Non-Hispanic-White stroke survivors (25.32%). The predicted probability of housing insecurity was significantly higher among young adults compared to older adults aged 65 or above [ME 26.8 (95CI: 14.5-39.1 vs. ME 1.4 (95CI: 0.9-2.0)]. Of race, Black, NH stroke survivors showed a higher probability of housing insecurity [ME 12.4 (95CI: 6.3-18.3)], while the probability of food insecurity [ME 39.3 (95CI: 11.1-67.6)] and healthcare access was higher among other Non-Hispanic groups. The probability of any insecurities was similar among male and female stroke survivors. Stroke survivors with less than high school education showed a significantly higher probability of housing and food insecurity, in addition to healthcare access.
Conclusion
Social inequalities along with racial disparities in stroke survivors necessitate tailored intervention to reduce the burden of stroke. It is crucial to address socioeconomic factors such as housing, food, and healthcare access that promote the development of stroke risk factors.
Abstract Figure.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Parekh
- George Mason University, Fairfax, United States of America
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Jones RL, Demetri GD, Schuetze SM, Milhem M, Elias A, Van Tine BA, Hamm J, McCarthy S, Wang G, Parekh T, Knoblauch R, Hensley ML, Maki RG, Patel S, von Mehren M. Efficacy and tolerability of trabectedin in elderly patients with sarcoma: subgroup analysis from a phase III, randomized controlled study of trabectedin or dacarbazine in patients with advanced liposarcoma or leiomyosarcoma. Ann Oncol 2019; 29:1995-2002. [PMID: 30084934 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Treatment options for soft tissue sarcoma (STS) patients aged ≥65 years (elderly) can be limited by concerns regarding the increased risk of toxicity associated with standard systemic therapies. Trabectedin has demonstrated improved disease control in a phase III trial (ET743-SAR-3007) of patients with advanced liposarcoma or leiomyosarcoma after failure of anthracycline-based chemotherapy. Since previous retrospective analyses have suggested that trabectedin has similar safety and efficacy outcomes regardless of patient age, we carried out a subgroup analysis of the safety and efficacy observed in elderly patients enrolled in this trial. Patients and methods Patients were randomized 2 : 1 to trabectedin (n = 384) or dacarbazine (n = 193) administered intravenously every-3-weeks. The primary end point was overall survival (OS); secondary end points were progression-free survival (PFS), time-to-progression, objective response rate (ORR), duration of response, symptom severity, and safety. A post hoc analysis was conducted in the elderly patient subgroup. Results Among 131 (trabectedin = 94; dacarbazine = 37) elderly patients, disease characteristics were well-balanced and consistent with those of the total study population. Treatment exposure was longer in patients treated with trabectedin versus dacarbazine (median four versus two cycles, respectively), with a significantly higher proportion receiving prolonged therapy (≥6 cycles) in the trabectedin arm (43% versus 23%, respectively; P = 0.04). Elderly patients treated with trabectedin showed significantly improved PFS [4.9 versus 1.5 months, respectively; hazard ratio (HR)=0.40; P = 0.0002] but no statistically significant improvement in OS (15.1 versus 8.0 months, respectively; HR = 0.72; P = 0.18) or ORR (9% versus 3%, respectively; P = 0.43). The safety profile for elderly trabectedin-treated patients was comparable to that of the overall trabectedin-treated study population. Conclusions This subgroup analysis of the elderly population of ET743-SAR-3007 suggests that elderly patients with STS and good performance status can expect clinical benefit from trabectedin similar to that observed in younger patients. Trial registration www.clinicaltrials.gov, NCT01343277.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Jones
- Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle
| | - G D Demetri
- Center for Sarcoma and Bone Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Ludwig Center at Harvard, Boston
| | | | - M Milhem
- University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City
| | - A Elias
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora
| | - B A Van Tine
- Division of Oncology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis
| | - J Hamm
- Norton Cancer Institute, Louisville
| | - S McCarthy
- Clinical Oncology, Janssen Research and Development, Raritan
| | - G Wang
- Clinical Biostatistics, Janssen Research and Development, Raritan
| | - T Parekh
- Clinical Oncology, Janssen Research and Development, Raritan
| | - R Knoblauch
- Clinical Oncology, Janssen Research and Development, Raritan
| | - M L Hensley
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York
| | - R G Maki
- Monter Cancer Center, Northwell Health, Lake Success; Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor
| | - S Patel
- Department of Sarcoma Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - M von Mehren
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, USA.
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Tabernero J, Infante J, Mita A, Keung C, Skee D, Xie H, Parekh T, De Porre P, Luo F, Soria JC. Pharmacokinetics (PK) of the pan-FGFR inhibitor erdafitinib in urothelial carcinoma. Ann Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw373.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Monk B, Ghatage P, Parekh T, Henitz E, Knoblauch R, Matos-Pita A, Nieto A, Park Y, Cheng P, Li W, Favis R, Ricci D, Poveda A. Effect of BRCA1 and XPG mutations on treatment response to trabectedin and pegylated liposomal doxorubicin in patients with advanced ovarian cancer: exploratory analysis of the phase 3 OVA-301 study. Ann Oncol 2015; 26:914-920. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdv071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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Monk B, Ghatage P, Parekh T, Henitz E, Knoblauch R, Soto Matos-Pita A, Nieto A, Park Y, Ricci D, Poveda A. Effect of BRCA1 and XPG mutations on treatment response to trabectedin and pegylated liposomal doxorubicin in subjects with advanced ovarian cancer: Exploratory analysis of phase III OVA-301 study. Gynecol Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2014.03.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Velasco AP, Monk B, Kaye S, Vermorken J, Nieto A, Gomez J, Park Y, Parekh T, Colombo N, Vergote I. 8031 POSTER Prediction of Overall Survival (OS) Adjusted by Continuous Platinum-free Interval (PFI) at Fixed Timepoints in Patients With Recurrent Ovarian Cancer (ROC) – Results From OVA-301. Eur J Cancer 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(11)72119-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Thertulien R, Manikhas GM, Dirix LY, Vermorken JB, Park K, Jain MM, Jiao JJ, Natarajan J, Parekh T, Zannikos P, Staddon AP. Effect of trabectedin on the QT interval in patients with advanced solid tumor malignancies. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2011; 69:341-50. [PMID: 21739119 PMCID: PMC3265736 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-011-1697-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2011] [Accepted: 06/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The primary objective of this study was to access the potential effects of trabectedin on the QT/QTc interval in patients with locally advanced or metastatic solid tumors. METHODS Patients (n = 75) who had received ≤3 previous lines of chemotherapy and had either relapsed or had progressive disease were enrolled. Patients were administered 3-h intravenous infusions of placebo (saline) on day 1 and trabectedin (1.3 mg/m(2)) on day 2. Time-matched serial triplicate ECG recordings and pharmacokinetic blood samples were collected over 24 h on both days. Heart rate corrected mean QT intervals and changes from predose baseline in QTc (ΔQTc) were assessed. The difference in ΔQTc between trabectedin and placebo was calculated at each time point (ΔΔQTc). RESULTS The upper limits of the 90% confidence interval for ΔΔQTcF and ΔΔQTcB at all time points were less than the prespecified noninferiority margin of 10 ms (≤6.65 ms). No patient had a QTc > 500 ms or a time-matched increase from baseline in QTc > 60 ms at any time point. Regression analyses indicated ΔΔQTc was poorly correlated with trabectedin concentration. No adverse events suggestive of proarrhythmic potential were reported. CONCLUSION Trabectedin did not prolong the QTc interval. Safety and pharmacokinetic profiles of trabectedin were similar to that observed in other ovarian and breast cancer studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Thertulien
- Cancer Centers of North Carolina-Asheville, 20 Medical Park Drive, Asheville, NC 28803, USA.
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Kaye SB, Colombo N, Monk BJ, Tjulandin S, Kong B, Roy M, Chan S, Filipczyk-Cisarz E, Hagberg H, Vergote I, Lebedinsky C, Parekh T, Santabárbara P, Park YC, Nieto A, Poveda A. Trabectedin plus pegylated liposomal doxorubicin in relapsed ovarian cancer delays third-line chemotherapy and prolongs the platinum-free interval. Ann Oncol 2011; 22:49-58. [PMID: 20643863 PMCID: PMC3003617 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdq353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2010] [Revised: 05/10/2010] [Accepted: 05/12/2010] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND OVA-301 is a large randomized trial that showed superiority of trabectedin plus pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD; CentoCor Ortho Biotech Products L.P., Raritan, NJ, USA). over single-agent PLD in 672 patients with relapsed ovarian cancer, particularly in the partially platinum-sensitive subgroup [platinum-free interval (PFI) of 6-12 months]. This superiority has been suggested to be due to the differential impact of subsequent (platinum) therapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS a detailed analysis of subsequent therapies and survival outcomes in the overall population and in the subsets according to platinum sensitivity was therefore conducted. RESULTS similar proportions of patients received subsequent therapy in each arm (76% versus 77%), including further platinum-based regimens (49% versus 55%). Patients in the trabectedin/PLD arm received subsequent chemotherapy at a later time (median delay 2.5 months versus PLD arm). Overall survival from subsequent platinum was significantly prolonged in the partially platinum-sensitive disease subset (hazard ratio = 0.63; P = 0.0357). CONCLUSION the superiority of trabectedin/PLD over single-agent PLD in OVA-301 cannot be explained by differences in the extent or nature of subsequent therapies administered to these patients. On the other hand, these exploratory analyses support the hypothesis that the enhanced survival benefits in the partially platinum-sensitive subset might be due to an extended PFI leading to longer survival with subsequent platinum.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Kaye
- Section of Medicine, Institute of Cancer Research, The Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton, Surrey, UK.
| | - N Colombo
- Medical Gynecologic Oncology Unit, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - B J Monk
- Division of Gynecological Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange, CA, USA
| | - S Tjulandin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Chemotherapy, Russian Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - B Kong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - M Roy
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, University Hospital Center, Quebec, Canada
| | - S Chan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham, UK
| | | | - H Hagberg
- Department of Oncology, Akademiska Sjukhuset, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - I Vergote
- Division of Gynecological Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Leuven, Belgium
| | - C Lebedinsky
- Clinical R&D and Medical Affairs Department, Pharma Mar, Madrid, Spain
| | - T Parekh
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, L.L.C., Raritan, NJ, USA
| | - P Santabárbara
- Clinical R&D and Medical Affairs Department, Pharma Mar, Madrid, Spain
| | - Y C Park
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, L.L.C., Raritan, NJ, USA
| | - A Nieto
- Clinical R&D and Medical Affairs Department, Pharma Mar, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Poveda
- Department of Medical Oncology, Valencian Institute of Oncology, Valencia, Spain
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Poveda A, Vergote I, Tjulandin S, Kong B, Roy M, Chan S, Filipczyk-Cisarz E, Hagberg H, Kaye SB, Colombo N, Lebedinsky C, Parekh T, Gómez J, Park YC, Alfaro V, Monk BJ. Trabectedin plus pegylated liposomal doxorubicin in relapsed ovarian cancer: outcomes in the partially platinum-sensitive (platinum-free interval 6-12 months) subpopulation of OVA-301 phase III randomized trial. Ann Oncol 2011; 22:39-48. [PMID: 20643862 PMCID: PMC3003616 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdq352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2010] [Revised: 05/25/2010] [Accepted: 05/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND OVA-301 is a large randomized trial that showed superiority of trabectedin plus pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) over PLD alone in relapsed ovarian cancer. The optimal management of patients with partially platinum-sensitive relapse [6-12 months platinum-free interval (PFI)] is unclear. PATIENTS AND METHODS within OVA-301, we therefore now report on the outcomes for the 214 cases in this subgroup. RESULTS Trabectedin/PLD resulted in a 35% risk reduction of disease progression (DP) or death [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.65, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.45-0.92; P = 0.0152; median progression-free survival (PFS) 7.4 versus 5.5 months], and a significant 41% decrease in the risk of death (HR = 0.59; 95% CI, 0.43-0.82; P = 0.0015; median survival 23.0 versus 17.1 months). The safety of trabectedin/PLD in this subset mimicked that of the overall population. Similar proportions of patients received subsequent therapy in each arm (76% versus 77%), although patients in the trabectedin/PLD arm had a slightly lower proportion of further platinum (49% versus 55%). Importantly, patients in the trabectedin/PLD arm survived significantly longer after subsequent platinum (HR = 0.63; P = 0.0357; median 13.3 versus 9.8 months). CONCLUSION This hypothesis-generating analysis demonstrates that superior benefits with trabectedin/PLD in terms of PFS and survival in the overall population appear particularly enhanced in patients with partially sensitive disease (PFI 6-12 months).
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Affiliation(s)
- A Poveda
- Area of Gynecologic Oncology, Valencian Institute of Oncology, Valencia, Spain.
| | - I Vergote
- Division of Gynecological Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Leuven, Belgium
| | - S Tjulandin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Chemotherapy, Russian Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - B Kong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - M Roy
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, University Hospital Center, Quebec, Canada
| | - S Chan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham, UK
| | | | - H Hagberg
- Department of Oncology, Akademiska Sjukhuset, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - S B Kaye
- Department of Cancer Medicine, The Royal Mardsen Hospital, Sutton, Surrey, UK
| | - N Colombo
- Medical Gynecologic Oncology Unit, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - C Lebedinsky
- Clinical R&D and Medical Affairs Department, Pharma Mar, Madrid, Spain
| | - T Parekh
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, L.L.C., Raritan, NJ
| | - J Gómez
- Clinical R&D and Medical Affairs Department, Pharma Mar, Madrid, Spain
| | - Y C Park
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, L.L.C., Raritan, NJ
| | - V Alfaro
- Clinical R&D and Medical Affairs Department, Pharma Mar, Madrid, Spain
| | - B J Monk
- Division of Gynecological Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange, CA, USA
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Bidzinski M, Poveda A, Vermorken J, Kaye S, Makhson A, Jagiello-Gruszfeld A, Poole C, Gomez J, Parekh T, Monk B. 8064 Influence of an independent review on PFS and response assessments in a phase III clinical trial in relapsed ovarian cancer. EJC Suppl 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(09)71586-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Poveda A, Kaye SB, McCormack RT, Wang S, Ricci D, Broderick E, Parekh T, Lebedinsky C, Tecero JC, Monk BJ. Circulating tumor cells (CTC) in a study of relapsed/recurrent advanced ovarian cancer: An exploratory analysis in the ova-301 phase III study of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) compared with trabectedin and PLD. J Clin Oncol 2009. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.5551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
5551 Background: Circulating tumor cells (CTC) have demonstrated predictive and prognostic value among patients with metastatic breast, colorectal, and prostate cancer. In a phase III study of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) with trabectedin (T) vs PLD for relapsed ovarian cancer, we assessed the affect of CTCs on progression free survival, (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Methods: CTCs were isolated from peripheral blood (10 mLs) using the CellSearch system and reagents (Veridex). A CTC is defined as EpCAM+, cytokeratin+, CD45-, and is positive for the nuclear stain DAPI. The normal reference range for CellSearch is < 2 CTC/7.5 mLs of blood. Hazard ratios adjusted for known prognostic factors were estimated by Cox regression. Results: 216 subjects had baseline CTC measurements of which 111 (51.4%) were randomized to the PLD+T arm; 143/216 patients (66.2%) were platinum sensitive. Thirty-one/216 patients (14.4%) had 2 or more CTCs detected prior to the start of therapy (range 2–566). Univariate Cox regression analyses indicated that patient's > 2 CTCs prior to therapy have 1.89 (p = 0.003) and 2.06 (p = 0.003) fold higher risk for progression and death respectively. Multivariate analyses that include baseline CTC, baseline CA125, platinum sensitivity status, largest diameter lesion, number of tumor lesions, ECOG PS, age, tumor histology, tumor grade and prior taxane show that patients with elevated baseline CTC have 1.58 (p = 0.058) and 1.54 (p = 0.096) fold higher risk for progression and death respectively. Conclusions: Results from this study indicate that although CTC detection in blood from relapsed recurrent ovarian cancer patients is relatively low, elevated numbers of CTCs imparts an unfavorable prognosis for patients. Multivariate analysis indicates that CTCs have prognostic value that is independent of established factors and thus provides a clinically useful tool for assessing prognosis in this difficult to treat patient population. [Table: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Poveda
- Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia, Valencia, Spain; The Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton, United Kingdom; Ortho Clinical Diagnostics, Raritan, NJ; Ortho Biotech Oncology Reseach & Development, Raritan, NJ; PharmaMar, Madrid, Spain; University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange, CA
| | - S. B. Kaye
- Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia, Valencia, Spain; The Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton, United Kingdom; Ortho Clinical Diagnostics, Raritan, NJ; Ortho Biotech Oncology Reseach & Development, Raritan, NJ; PharmaMar, Madrid, Spain; University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange, CA
| | - R. T. McCormack
- Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia, Valencia, Spain; The Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton, United Kingdom; Ortho Clinical Diagnostics, Raritan, NJ; Ortho Biotech Oncology Reseach & Development, Raritan, NJ; PharmaMar, Madrid, Spain; University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange, CA
| | - S. Wang
- Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia, Valencia, Spain; The Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton, United Kingdom; Ortho Clinical Diagnostics, Raritan, NJ; Ortho Biotech Oncology Reseach & Development, Raritan, NJ; PharmaMar, Madrid, Spain; University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange, CA
| | - D. Ricci
- Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia, Valencia, Spain; The Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton, United Kingdom; Ortho Clinical Diagnostics, Raritan, NJ; Ortho Biotech Oncology Reseach & Development, Raritan, NJ; PharmaMar, Madrid, Spain; University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange, CA
| | - E. Broderick
- Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia, Valencia, Spain; The Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton, United Kingdom; Ortho Clinical Diagnostics, Raritan, NJ; Ortho Biotech Oncology Reseach & Development, Raritan, NJ; PharmaMar, Madrid, Spain; University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange, CA
| | - T. Parekh
- Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia, Valencia, Spain; The Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton, United Kingdom; Ortho Clinical Diagnostics, Raritan, NJ; Ortho Biotech Oncology Reseach & Development, Raritan, NJ; PharmaMar, Madrid, Spain; University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange, CA
| | - C. Lebedinsky
- Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia, Valencia, Spain; The Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton, United Kingdom; Ortho Clinical Diagnostics, Raritan, NJ; Ortho Biotech Oncology Reseach & Development, Raritan, NJ; PharmaMar, Madrid, Spain; University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange, CA
| | - J. C. Tecero
- Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia, Valencia, Spain; The Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton, United Kingdom; Ortho Clinical Diagnostics, Raritan, NJ; Ortho Biotech Oncology Reseach & Development, Raritan, NJ; PharmaMar, Madrid, Spain; University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange, CA
| | - B. J. Monk
- Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia, Valencia, Spain; The Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton, United Kingdom; Ortho Clinical Diagnostics, Raritan, NJ; Ortho Biotech Oncology Reseach & Development, Raritan, NJ; PharmaMar, Madrid, Spain; University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange, CA
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Rasdhari M, Parekh T, Dave N, Patel V, Subhash R. Evaluation of various physico-chemical properties of Hibiscus sabdariffa and L. casei incorporated probiotic yoghurt. Pak J Biol Sci 2008; 11:2101-8. [PMID: 19266923 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2008.2101.2108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The present investigation was carried out to examine the effect of Hibiscus sabdariffa Calyx extract on the physico-chemical properties, sensory attributes, texture and microbial analysis of L. casei incorporated in probiotic yoghurt after manufacture and during storage. Incorporation of Hibiscus sabdariffa Calyx extract into the probiotic yoghurt resulted into decrease in coagulation time by 25 min. The pH ranged from 4.39 to 4.59, TA 0.81 to 1.14%, moisture 3.05 to 3.37 g%, syneresis 18.85 to 24.90 mL/50 g of sample, % inhibition 12.32 to 59.43, TS 21.27 to 24.90 g% and beta-galactosidase activity 1.041 to 3.277. The protein content ranged between 4.11 and 4.14 g% while the fat content ranged between 3.43 and 3.49 g%. No major changes in sensory evaluation were observed on the day of manufacture and during storage for 7 days. Sabdariffa added yoghurt showed a higher score in almost all sensory attributes. Microbial analysis showed a total plate count ranging from 1.8 x 10(4) to 1.85 x 10(7) cfu mL(-1). Yeast and mold counts were negligible in the Sabdariffa yoghurts. Thus the study concludes that incorporation of Hibiscus sabdariffa extract in yoghurt improved the total antioxidant property, organoleptic qualities and decreased the exudation of whey proteins (Syneresis). Thus, Hibiscus sabdariffa Calyces has beneficial influence on the quality of L. casei incorporated probiotic yoghurt.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rasdhari
- Food Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Home Science, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar 388120, India
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Arasappan A, Njoroge FG, Chan TY, Bennett F, Bogen SL, Chen K, Gu H, Hong L, Jao E, Liu YT, Lovey RG, Parekh T, Pike RE, Pinto P, Santhanam B, Venkatraman S, Vaccaro H, Wang H, Yang X, Zhu Z, Mckittrick B, Saksena AK, Girijavallabhan V, Pichardo J, Butkiewicz N, Ingram R, Malcolm B, Prongay A, Yao N, Marten B, Madison V, Kemp S, Levy O, Lim-Wilby M, Tamura S, Ganguly AK. Hepatitis C virus NS3-4A serine protease inhibitors: SAR of moiety with improved potency. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 15:4180-4. [PMID: 16087332 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.06.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2005] [Revised: 06/28/2005] [Accepted: 06/29/2005] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We have discovered that introduction of appropriate amino acid derivatives at P'2 position improved the binding potency of P3-capped alpha-ketoamide inhibitors of HCV NS3 serine protease. X-ray crystal structure of one of the inhibitors (43) bound to the protease revealed the importance of the P'2 moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Arasappan
- Schering Plough Research Institute, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA.
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Khalil N, O'Connor R, Gold LI, Parekh T, Raghu G. Biological effects of transforming growth factor-beta(1) in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis may be regulated by the activation of latent transforming growth factor-beta(1) and the differential expression of transforming growth factor-beta receptors. Chest 2001; 120:48S. [PMID: 11451912 DOI: 10.1378/chest.120.1_suppl.s48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- N Khalil
- Vancouver Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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Abstract
The chemotactic response of Rhizobium sp. S2, a slow-growing Cajanus cajan isolate, towards its host root exudate was examined. Two classes of mutants, one nonchemotactic towards nutrients (amino acids and sugars) and signal compounds like flavonoids and the other, nonchemotactic towards amino acids and sugars but positive towards naringenin, the flavonoid present in Cajanus cajan root exudate, were obtained. The plasmid-cured derivative of the parent showed positive response towards amino acids and sugars but was nonchemotactic towards naringenin. A possible presence of dual chemotaxis pathways, one towards nutrients and the other for sensing signal compounds, was thus demonstrated. The possible involvement of naringenin as a chemoattractant in the preliminary stages of this Rhizobium-legume interaction was also established.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pandya
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology Center, Faculty of Science, M.S. University of Baroda, Baroda 390 002, India
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Abstract
Our studies showed that family C DNA polymerase (pol III) of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803 is phylogenetically close to the Gram-negative dna E group, rather than to the Gram-positive group. However, in contrast to the dna E genes of most of the eubacteria, the cyanobacterial dna E gene has split into two genes, dna E1 and dna E2. The evolutionary origin of the split dna E gene is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ito
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson 85724, USA.
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McGowan SE, Jackson SK, Olson PJ, Parekh T, Gold LI. Exogenous and endogenous transforming growth factors-beta influence elastin gene expression in cultured lung fibroblasts. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 1997; 17:25-35. [PMID: 9224206 DOI: 10.1165/ajrcmb.17.1.2686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Elastin, an important structural protein of the extracellular matrix, confers elastic properties on the pulmonary alveolar interstitium. In the alveolar wall, elastin is primarily produced postnatally by fibroblasts. The mechanisms that regulate lung fibroblast (LF) elastin gene expression have not been completely defined, although both transcriptional and posttranscriptional mechanisms appear to be involved. Transforming growth factors-beta (TGF-beta s) have been shown to increase elastin production by cultured neonatal rat LF. Analyses of elastin gene transcription and mRNA stability indicate that exogenous TGF-beta 1 increases the half-life of tropoelastin mRNA by 1.5-fold and does not alter elastin gene transcription. Interference with the functions of endogenous TGF-beta 1 in cultured LF, through the addition of neutralizing antibodies or antisense oligodeoxynucleotides, decreases tropoelastin and tropoelastin mRNA production by these cells. The content of total (latent plus active) TGF-beta s was approximately 4.5-fold greater in lungs obtained from rats on postnatal day 8 than in lungs obtained from adults. These findings indicate that endogenous TGF-beta s, in cultured LF, regulate elastin gene expression, most likely by a posttranscriptional mechanism. Since others have shown that elastin mRNA appears to have a longer half-life in neonatal than in adult rat lungs, we hypothesize that the higher content of TGF-beta s could contribute to the greater elastin mRNA stability in neonatal lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E McGowan
- Department of Veterans Affairs Research Service, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
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Parekh T, Saxena B, Reibman J, Cronstein BN, Gold LI. Neutrophil chemotaxis in response to TGF-beta isoforms (TGF-beta 1, TGF-beta 2, TGF-beta 3) is mediated by fibronectin. The Journal of Immunology 1994. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.152.5.2456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
TGF-beta isoforms regulate numerous cellular functions including cell growth and differentiation, the cellular synthesis and secretion of extracellular matrix proteins, such as fibronectin (Fn), and the immune response. We have previously shown that TGF-beta 1 is the most potent chemoattractant described for human peripheral blood neutrophils (PMNs), suggesting that TGF-beta s may play a role in the recruitment of PMNs during the initial phase of the inflammatory response. In our current studies, we demonstrate that the maximal chemotactic response was attained near 40 fM for all mammalian TGF-beta isoforms. However, there was a statistically significant difference in migratory distance of the PMNs: TGF-beta 2 (556 microM) > TGF-beta 3 (463 microM) > TGF-beta 1 (380 microM) (beta 2: beta 3, p < or = 0.010; beta 3: beta 1, p < or = 0.04; beta 2: beta 1, p < or = 0.0012). A mAb to the cell binding domain (CBD) of Fn inhibited the chemotactic response to TGF-beta 1 and TGF-beta 3 by 63% and to TGF-beta 2 by 70%, whereas the response to FMLP, a classic chemoattractant, was only inhibited by 18%. In contrast, a mAb to a C-terminal epitope of Fn did not retard migration (< 1.5%). The Arg-gly-Asp-ser tetrapeptide inhibited chemotaxis by approximately the same extent as the anti-CBD (52 to 83%). Furthermore, a mAb against the VLA-5 integrin (VLA-5; Fn receptor) also inhibited TGF-beta-induced chemotaxis. These results indicate that chemotaxis of PMNs in response to TGF-beta isoforms is mediated by the interaction of the Arg-gly-Asp-ser sequence in the CBD of Fn with an integrin on the PMN cell surface, primarily the VLA-5 integrin. TGF-beta isoforms also elicited the release of cellular Fn from PMNs; we observed a 2.3-fold increase in Fn (389 to 401 ng/ml) in the supernatants of TGF-beta-stimulated PMNs compared with unstimulated cells (173.6 ng/ml). The concentration of TGF-beta required to cause maximal release of Fn from PMNs (4000 fM) is a concentration at which TGF-beta is no longer chemotactic, suggesting that PMNs only use Fn that is constitutively expressed for migration. At higher concentrations of TGF-beta, the Fn released may accumulate basal to the cell, ultimately retarding cellular migration and modulating the chemotactic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Parekh
- Department of Pathology, New York University Medical School, NY 10016
| | - B Saxena
- Department of Pathology, New York University Medical School, NY 10016
| | - J Reibman
- Department of Pathology, New York University Medical School, NY 10016
| | - B N Cronstein
- Department of Pathology, New York University Medical School, NY 10016
| | - L I Gold
- Department of Pathology, New York University Medical School, NY 10016
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Parekh T, Saxena B, Reibman J, Cronstein BN, Gold LI. Neutrophil chemotaxis in response to TGF-beta isoforms (TGF-beta 1, TGF-beta 2, TGF-beta 3) is mediated by fibronectin. J Immunol 1994; 152:2456-66. [PMID: 8133057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
TGF-beta isoforms regulate numerous cellular functions including cell growth and differentiation, the cellular synthesis and secretion of extracellular matrix proteins, such as fibronectin (Fn), and the immune response. We have previously shown that TGF-beta 1 is the most potent chemoattractant described for human peripheral blood neutrophils (PMNs), suggesting that TGF-beta s may play a role in the recruitment of PMNs during the initial phase of the inflammatory response. In our current studies, we demonstrate that the maximal chemotactic response was attained near 40 fM for all mammalian TGF-beta isoforms. However, there was a statistically significant difference in migratory distance of the PMNs: TGF-beta 2 (556 microM) > TGF-beta 3 (463 microM) > TGF-beta 1 (380 microM) (beta 2: beta 3, p < or = 0.010; beta 3: beta 1, p < or = 0.04; beta 2: beta 1, p < or = 0.0012). A mAb to the cell binding domain (CBD) of Fn inhibited the chemotactic response to TGF-beta 1 and TGF-beta 3 by 63% and to TGF-beta 2 by 70%, whereas the response to FMLP, a classic chemoattractant, was only inhibited by 18%. In contrast, a mAb to a C-terminal epitope of Fn did not retard migration (< 1.5%). The Arg-gly-Asp-ser tetrapeptide inhibited chemotaxis by approximately the same extent as the anti-CBD (52 to 83%). Furthermore, a mAb against the VLA-5 integrin (VLA-5; Fn receptor) also inhibited TGF-beta-induced chemotaxis. These results indicate that chemotaxis of PMNs in response to TGF-beta isoforms is mediated by the interaction of the Arg-gly-Asp-ser sequence in the CBD of Fn with an integrin on the PMN cell surface, primarily the VLA-5 integrin. TGF-beta isoforms also elicited the release of cellular Fn from PMNs; we observed a 2.3-fold increase in Fn (389 to 401 ng/ml) in the supernatants of TGF-beta-stimulated PMNs compared with unstimulated cells (173.6 ng/ml). The concentration of TGF-beta required to cause maximal release of Fn from PMNs (4000 fM) is a concentration at which TGF-beta is no longer chemotactic, suggesting that PMNs only use Fn that is constitutively expressed for migration. At higher concentrations of TGF-beta, the Fn released may accumulate basal to the cell, ultimately retarding cellular migration and modulating the chemotactic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Parekh
- Department of Pathology, New York University Medical School, NY 10016
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