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Pinheiro E, Ouarda TBMJ. Short-lead seasonal precipitation forecast in northeastern Brazil using an ensemble of artificial neural networks. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20429. [PMID: 37993488 PMCID: PMC10665445 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47841-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This study assesses the deterministic and probabilistic forecasting skill of a 1-month-lead ensemble of Artificial Neural Networks (EANN) based on low-frequency climate oscillation indices. The predictand is the February-April (FMA) rainfall in the Brazilian state of Ceará, which is a prominent subject in climate forecasting studies due to its high seasonal predictability. Additionally, the study proposes combining the EANN with dynamical models into a hybrid multi-model ensemble (MME). The forecast verification is carried out through a leave-one-out cross-validation based on 40 years of data. The EANN forecasting skill is compared with traditional statistical models and the dynamical models that compose Ceará's operational seasonal forecasting system. A spatial comparison showed that the EANN was among the models with the smallest Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) and Ranked Probability Score (RPS) in most regions. Moreover, the analysis of the area-aggregated reliability showed that the EANN is better calibrated than the individual dynamical models and has better resolution than Multinomial Logistic Regression for above-normal (AN) and below-normal (BN) categories. It is also shown that combining the EANN and dynamical models into a hybrid MME reduces the overconfidence of the extreme categories observed in a dynamically-based MME, improving the reliability of the forecasting system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enzo Pinheiro
- Centre Eau-Terre-Environnement, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, 490 de la Couronne, Office 2435, Québec, QC, G1K9A9, Canada.
| | - Taha B M J Ouarda
- Centre Eau-Terre-Environnement, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, 490 de la Couronne, Office 2435, Québec, QC, G1K9A9, Canada
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Masselot P, Chebana F, Campagna C, Lavigne É, Ouarda TBMJ, Gosselin P. Constrained groupwise additive index models. Biostatistics 2023; 24:1066-1084. [PMID: 35791751 PMCID: PMC10583725 DOI: 10.1093/biostatistics/kxac023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In environmental epidemiology, there is wide interest in creating and using comprehensive indices that can summarize information from different environmental exposures while retaining strong predictive power on a target health outcome. In this context, the present article proposes a model called the constrained groupwise additive index model (CGAIM) to create easy-to-interpret indices predictive of a response variable, from a potentially large list of variables. The CGAIM considers groups of predictors that naturally belong together to yield meaningful indices. It also allows the addition of linear constraints on both the index weights and the form of their relationship with the response variable to represent prior assumptions or operational requirements. We propose an efficient algorithm to estimate the CGAIM, along with index selection and inference procedures. A simulation study shows that the proposed algorithm has good estimation performances, with low bias and variance and is applicable in complex situations with many correlated predictors. It also demonstrates important sensitivity and specificity in index selection, but non-negligible coverage error on constructed confidence intervals. The CGAIM is then illustrated in the construction of heat indices in a health warning system context. We believe the CGAIM could become useful in a wide variety of situations, such as warning systems establishment, and multipollutant or exposome studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Masselot
- Department of Public Health, Environment and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, 15-17 Tavistock Place, WC1H 9SH, London, UK
| | - Fateh Chebana
- Centre Eau-Terre-Environnement, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, 490, rue de la Couronne, Québec (Québec), G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Céline Campagna
- Centre Eau-Terre-Environnement, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, 490, rue de la Couronne, Québec (Québec), G1K 9A9, Canada and Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec, 945, avenue Wolfe Québec (Québec) G1V 5B3 Canada
| | - Éric Lavigne
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, 600 Peter Morand Crescent, Room 101, Ottawa, Ontario K1G 5Z3, Canada and Air Health Science Division, Health Canada, 269 Laurier Avenue West, Mail Stop 4903B, Ottawa, Ontario K1A0K9 Canada
| | - Taha B M J Ouarda
- Centre Eau-Terre-Environnement, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, 490, rue de la Couronne, Québec (Québec), G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Pierre Gosselin
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Eau-Terre-Environnement, Québec, Canada, Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec, Québec, Canada, and Ouranos, Montréal, 550 Sherbrooke Ouest, Tour Ouest, 19eme Étage, Montréal (Québec), H3A 1B9, Canada
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Yan B, Chebana F, Masselot P, Campagna C, Gosselin P, Ouarda TBMJ, Lavigne É. A cold-health watch and warning system, applied to the province of Quebec (Canada). Sci Total Environ 2020; 741:140188. [PMID: 32886981 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT A number of studies have shown that cold has an important impact on human health. However, almost no studies focused on cold warning systems to prevent those health effects. For Nordic regions, like the province of Quebec in Canada, winter is long and usually very cold with an observed increase in mortality and hospitalizations throughout the season. However, there is no existing system specifically designed to follow in real-time this mortality increase throughout the season and to alert public health authorities prior to cold waves. OBJECTIVE The aim is to establish a watch and warning system specifically for health impacts of cold, applied to different climatic regions of the province of Quebec. METHODOLOGY A methodology previously used to establish the health-heat warning system in Quebec is adapted to cold. The approach identifies cold weather indicators and establishes thresholds related to extreme over-mortality or over-hospitalization events in the province of Quebec, Canada. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION The final health-related thresholds proposed are between (-15 °C, -23 °C) and (-20 °C, -29 °C) according to the climatic region for excesses of mortality, and between (-13 °C, -23 °C) and (-17 °C, -30 °C) for excesses of hospitalization. These results suggest that the system model has a high sensitivity and an acceptable number of false alarms. This could lead to the establishment of a cold-health watch and warning system with valid indicators and thresholds for each climatic region of Quebec. It can be seen as a complementary system to the existing one for heat warnings, in order to help the public health authorities to be well prepared during an extreme cold event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bixun Yan
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Eau-Terre-Environnement, 490 Couronne St, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada.
| | - Fateh Chebana
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Eau-Terre-Environnement, 490 Couronne St, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Pierre Masselot
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Eau-Terre-Environnement, 490 Couronne St, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Céline Campagna
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Eau-Terre-Environnement, 490 Couronne St, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada; Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec, 945 av Wolfe, Québec G1V 5B3, Canada
| | - Pierre Gosselin
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Eau-Terre-Environnement, 490 Couronne St, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada; Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec, 945 av Wolfe, Québec G1V 5B3, Canada
| | - Taha B M J Ouarda
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Eau-Terre-Environnement, 490 Couronne St, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Éric Lavigne
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, 600 Peter Morand Crescent, Ottawa K1G 5Z3, Canada; Air Health Science Division, Health Canada, 269 Laurier Ave West, Ottawa K1A 0K9, Canada
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Masselot P, Chebana F, Lavigne É, Campagna C, Gosselin P, Ouarda TBMJ. Toward an Improved Air Pollution Warning System in Quebec. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019; 16:ijerph16122095. [PMID: 31200502 PMCID: PMC6617323 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16122095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The nature of pollutants involved in smog episodes can vary significantly in various cities and contexts and will impact local populations differently due to actual exposure and pre-existing sensitivities for cardiovascular or respiratory diseases. While regulated standards and guidance remain important, it is relevant for cities to have local warning systems related to air pollution. The present paper proposes indicators and thresholds for an air pollution warning system in the metropolitan areas of Montreal and Quebec City (Canada). It takes into account past and current local health impacts to launch its public health warnings for short-term episodes. This warning system considers fine particulate matter (PM2.5) as well as the combined oxidant capacity of ozone and nitrogen dioxide (Ox) as environmental exposures. The methodology used to determine indicators and thresholds consists in identifying extreme excess mortality episodes in the data and then choosing the indicators and thresholds to optimize the detection of these episodes. The thresholds found for the summer were 31 μg/m3 for PM2.5 and 43 ppb for Ox in Montreal, and 32 μg/m3 and 23 ppb in Quebec City. In winter, thresholds found were 25 μg/m3 and 26 ppb in Montreal, and 33 μg/m3 and 21 ppb in Quebec City. These results are in line with different guidelines existing concerning air quality, but more adapted to the cities examined. In addition, a sensitivity analysis is conducted which suggests that Ox is more determinant than PM2.5 in detecting excess mortality episodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Masselot
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Eau-Terre-Environnement, 490, rue de la Couronne, Québec, QC G1K 9A9, Canada.
| | - Fateh Chebana
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Eau-Terre-Environnement, 490, rue de la Couronne, Québec, QC G1K 9A9, Canada.
| | - Éric Lavigne
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, 600 Peter Morand Crescent, Ottawa, ON K1G 5Z3, Canada.
- Air health Science Division, Health Canada, 269 Laurier Ave West, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada.
| | - Céline Campagna
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Eau-Terre-Environnement, 490, rue de la Couronne, Québec, QC G1K 9A9, Canada.
- Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec, 945 Avenue Wolfe, Québec, QC G1V 5B3, Canada.
| | - Pierre Gosselin
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Eau-Terre-Environnement, 490, rue de la Couronne, Québec, QC G1K 9A9, Canada.
- Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec, 945 Avenue Wolfe, Québec, QC G1V 5B3, Canada.
- Ouranos, 550 Rue Sherbrooke Ouest, Montréal, QC H3A 1B9, Canada.
| | - Taha B M J Ouarda
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Eau-Terre-Environnement, 490, rue de la Couronne, Québec, QC G1K 9A9, Canada.
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Abstract
Persistent extreme heat events are of growing concern in a climate change context. An increase in the intensity, frequency and duration of heat waves is observed in several regions. Temperature extremes are also influenced by global-scale modes of climate variability. Temperature-Duration-Frequency (TDF) curves, which relate the intensity of heat events of different durations to their frequencies, can be useful tools for the analysis of heat extremes. To account for climate external forcings, we develop a nonstationary approach to the TDF curves by introducing indices that account for the temporal trend and teleconnections. Nonstationary TDF modeling can find applications in adaptive management in the fields of health care, public safety and energy production. We present a one-step method, based on the maximization of the composite likelihood of observed heat extremes, to build the nonstationary TDF curves. We show the importance of integrating the information concerning climate change and climate oscillations. In an application to the province of Quebec, Canada, the influence of Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillations (AMO) on heat events is shown to be more important than the temporal trend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taha B M J Ouarda
- Canada Research Chair in Statistical Hydro-Climatology, INRS-ETE, 490 de la Couronne, Québec, QC, G1K 9A9, Canada.
| | - Christian Charron
- Canada Research Chair in Statistical Hydro-Climatology, INRS-ETE, 490 de la Couronne, Québec, QC, G1K 9A9, Canada
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Masselot P, Chebana F, Ouarda TBMJ, Bélanger D, St-Hilaire A, Gosselin P. A new look at weather-related health impacts through functional regression. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15241. [PMID: 30323248 PMCID: PMC6189063 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33626-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A major challenge of climate change adaptation is to assess the effect of changing weather on human health. In spite of an increasing literature on the weather-related health subject, many aspect of the relationship are not known, limiting the predictive power of epidemiologic models. The present paper proposes new models to improve the performances of the currently used ones. The proposed models are based on functional data analysis (FDA), a statistical framework dealing with continuous curves instead of scalar time series. The models are applied to the temperature-related cardiovascular mortality issue in Montreal. By making use of the whole information available, the proposed models improve the prediction of cardiovascular mortality according to temperature. In addition, results shed new lights on the relationship by quantifying physiological adaptation effects. These results, not found with classical model, illustrate the potential of FDA approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Masselot
- Canada Research Chair in Statistical Hydro-Climatology INRS-ETE, Québec, Canada.
| | - Fateh Chebana
- Canada Research Chair in Statistical Hydro-Climatology INRS-ETE, Québec, Canada
| | - Taha B M J Ouarda
- Canada Research Chair in Statistical Hydro-Climatology INRS-ETE, Québec, Canada
| | - Diane Bélanger
- Canada Research Chair in Statistical Hydro-Climatology INRS-ETE, Québec, Canada
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Centre de Recherche, Québec, Canada
| | - André St-Hilaire
- Canada Research Chair in Statistical Hydro-Climatology INRS-ETE, Québec, Canada
| | - Pierre Gosselin
- Canada Research Chair in Statistical Hydro-Climatology INRS-ETE, Québec, Canada
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Centre de Recherche, Québec, Canada
- Institut national de santé publique du Québec (INSPQ), Québec, Canada
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Masselot P, Chebana F, Bélanger D, St-Hilaire A, Abdous B, Gosselin P, Ouarda TBMJ. Aggregating the response in time series regression models, applied to weather-related cardiovascular mortality. Sci Total Environ 2018; 628-629:217-225. [PMID: 29438931 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In environmental epidemiology studies, health response data (e.g. hospitalization or mortality) are often noisy because of hospital organization and other social factors. The noise in the data can hide the true signal related to the exposure. The signal can be unveiled by performing a temporal aggregation on health data and then using it as the response in regression analysis. From aggregated series, a general methodology is introduced to account for the particularities of an aggregated response in a regression setting. This methodology can be used with usually applied regression models in weather-related health studies, such as generalized additive models (GAM) and distributed lag nonlinear models (DLNM). In particular, the residuals are modelled using an autoregressive-moving average (ARMA) model to account for the temporal dependence. The proposed methodology is illustrated by modelling the influence of temperature on cardiovascular mortality in Canada. A comparison with classical DLNMs is provided and several aggregation methods are compared. Results show that there is an increase in the fit quality when the response is aggregated, and that the estimated relationship focuses more on the outcome over several days than the classical DLNM. More precisely, among various investigated aggregation schemes, it was found that an aggregation with an asymmetric Epanechnikov kernel is more suited for studying the temperature-mortality relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Masselot
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Eau-Terre-Environnement, Québec, Canada.
| | - Fateh Chebana
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Eau-Terre-Environnement, Québec, Canada
| | - Diane Bélanger
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Eau-Terre-Environnement, Québec, Canada; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Centre de Recherche, Québec, Canada
| | - André St-Hilaire
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Eau-Terre-Environnement, Québec, Canada
| | - Belkacem Abdous
- Université Laval, Département de Médecine Sociale et Préventive, Québec, Canada
| | - Pierre Gosselin
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Eau-Terre-Environnement, Québec, Canada; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Centre de Recherche, Québec, Canada; Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec (INSPQ), Québec, Canada
| | - Taha B M J Ouarda
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Eau-Terre-Environnement, Québec, Canada
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Masselot P, Chebana F, Bélanger D, St-Hilaire A, Abdous B, Gosselin P, Ouarda TBMJ. EMD-regression for modelling multi-scale relationships, and application to weather-related cardiovascular mortality. Sci Total Environ 2018; 612:1018-1029. [PMID: 28892843 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In a number of environmental studies, relationships between nat4ural processes are often assessed through regression analyses, using time series data. Such data are often multi-scale and non-stationary, leading to a poor accuracy of the resulting regression models and therefore to results with moderate reliability. To deal with this issue, the present paper introduces the EMD-regression methodology consisting in applying the empirical mode decomposition (EMD) algorithm on data series and then using the resulting components in regression models. The proposed methodology presents a number of advantages. First, it accounts of the issues of non-stationarity associated to the data series. Second, this approach acts as a scan for the relationship between a response variable and the predictors at different time scales, providing new insights about this relationship. To illustrate the proposed methodology it is applied to study the relationship between weather and cardiovascular mortality in Montreal, Canada. The results shed new knowledge concerning the studied relationship. For instance, they show that the humidity can cause excess mortality at the monthly time scale, which is a scale not visible in classical models. A comparison is also conducted with state of the art methods which are the generalized additive models and distributed lag models, both widely used in weather-related health studies. The comparison shows that EMD-regression achieves better prediction performances and provides more details than classical models concerning the relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Masselot
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Eau-Terre-Environnement, Québec, Canada.
| | - Fateh Chebana
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Eau-Terre-Environnement, Québec, Canada
| | - Diane Bélanger
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Eau-Terre-Environnement, Québec, Canada; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Centre de Recherche, Québec, Canada
| | - André St-Hilaire
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Eau-Terre-Environnement, Québec, Canada
| | - Belkacem Abdous
- Université Laval, Département de médecine sociale et préventive, Québec, Canada
| | - Pierre Gosselin
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Eau-Terre-Environnement, Québec, Canada; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Centre de Recherche, Québec, Canada; Institut national de santé publique du Québec (INSPQ), Québec, Canada
| | - Taha B M J Ouarda
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Eau-Terre-Environnement, Québec, Canada
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9
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Kumar KN, Molini A, Ouarda TBMJ, Rajeevan MN. North Atlantic controls on wintertime warm extremes and aridification trends in the Middle East. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12301. [PMID: 28951550 PMCID: PMC5615055 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12430-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The Middle East is one of the most water stressed regions in the world, receiving the majority of its hydrological input during the winter, in the form of highly variable and scattered precipitation. The persistence of wintertime anticyclonic conditions over the region can deflect storm tracks and result in extended spells of exceptionally hot weather, favoring prolonged droughts and posing a major threat to the already fragile hydrological equilibrium of the Middle East. Despite their potential impacts on water-security, winter warm spells (WWS’s) have received far less attention than their summer counterparts, and the climatic drivers leading to WWS’s onset are still largely unexplored. Here, we investigate their relationship with the internal modes of variability in the Atlantic Ocean, already known to influence winter circulation and extremes in Eurasia and Northern America. We show that the occurrence of WWS’s is strongly correlated with Atlantic variability over decadal time scales. To explain this correlation, we propose a teleconnection mechanism linking Atlantic variability to WWS’s via the propagation of Rossby waves from the North Atlantic pool, and the mediation of the Mediterranean circulation – thereby providing a basis to better predict future warming and aridification trends in the Middle East.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kondapalli Niranjan Kumar
- Masdar Institute, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 54224, Abu Dhabi, UAE. .,Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba, 277-8564, Japan.
| | - Annalisa Molini
- Masdar Institute, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 54224, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
| | - Taha B M J Ouarda
- Masdar Institute, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 54224, Abu Dhabi, UAE.,INRS-ETE, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Quebec, G1Y2T4, Canada
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Basha G, Kishore P, Ratnam MV, Jayaraman A, Agha Kouchak A, Ouarda TBMJ, Velicogna I. Historical and Projected Surface Temperature over India during the 20 th and 21 st century. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2987. [PMID: 28592810 PMCID: PMC5462738 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02130-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Surface Temperature (ST) over India has increased by ~0.055 K/decade during 1860-2005 and follows the global warming trend. Here, the natural and external forcings (e.g., natural and anthropogenic) responsible for ST variability are studied from Coupled Model Inter-comparison phase 5 (CMIP5) models during the 20th century and projections during the 21st century along with seasonal variability. Greenhouse Gases (GHG) and Land Use (LU) are the major factors that gave rise to warming during the 20th century. Anthropogenic Aerosols (AA) have slowed down the warming rate. The CMIP5 projection over India shows a sharp increase in ST under Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) 8.5 where it reaches a maximum of 5 K by the end of the 21st century. Under RCP2.6 emission scenarios, ST increases up to the year 2050 and decreases afterwards. The seasonal variability of ST during the 21st century shows significant increase during summer. Analysis of rare heat and cold events for 2080-2099 relative to a base period of 1986-2006 under RCP8.5 scenarios reveals that both are likely to increase substantially. However, by controlling the regional AA and LU change in India, a reduction in further warming over India region might be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghouse Basha
- National Atmospheric Research Laboratory, Gadanki, Tirupati, India.
| | - P Kishore
- Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, California, 92697, USA
| | - M Venkat Ratnam
- National Atmospheric Research Laboratory, Gadanki, Tirupati, India
| | - A Jayaraman
- National Atmospheric Research Laboratory, Gadanki, Tirupati, India
| | - Amir Agha Kouchak
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California, 92697, USA
| | - Taha B M J Ouarda
- Institute Center for Water and Environment (iWATER), Masdar Institute of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 54224, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- INRS-ETE, National Institute of Scientific Research, Quebec City (QC), G1K9A9, Canada
| | - Isabella Velicogna
- Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, California, 92697, USA
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Yousef LA, Ouarda TBMJ. Adaptation of Water Resources Management to Changing Climate: The Role of Intensity-Duration-Frequency Curves. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.7763/ijesd.2015.v6.641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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12
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Modarres R, Ouarda TBMJ, Vanasse A, Orzanco MG, Gosselin P. Modeling climate effects on hip fracture rate by the multivariate GARCH model in Montreal region, Canada. Int J Biometeorol 2014; 58:921-930. [PMID: 23722925 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-013-0675-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Revised: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Changes in extreme meteorological variables and the demographic shift towards an older population have made it important to investigate the association of climate variables and hip fracture by advanced methods in order to determine the climate variables that most affect hip fracture incidence. The nonlinear autoregressive moving average with exogenous variable-generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (ARMAX-GARCH) and multivariate GARCH (MGARCH) time series approaches were applied to investigate the nonlinear association between hip fracture rate in female and male patients aged 40-74 and 75+ years and climate variables in the period of 1993-2004, in Montreal, Canada. The models describe 50-56% of daily variation in hip fracture rate and identify snow depth, air temperature, day length and air pressure as the influencing variables on the time-varying mean and variance of the hip fracture rate. The conditional covariance between climate variables and hip fracture rate is increasing exponentially, showing that the effect of climate variables on hip fracture rate is most acute when rates are high and climate conditions are at their worst. In Montreal, climate variables, particularly snow depth and air temperature, appear to be important predictors of hip fracture incidence. The association of climate variables and hip fracture does not seem to change linearly with time, but increases exponentially under harsh climate conditions. The results of this study can be used to provide an adaptive climate-related public health program and ti guide allocation of services for avoiding hip fracture risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Modarres
- Hydroclimate modeling group, INRS-ETE, 490 de la Couronne, Quebec, Qc, Canada, G1K 9A9,
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Oloritun RO, Ouarda TBMJ, Moturu S, Madan A, Pentland A(S, Khayal I. Change in BMI accurately predicted by social exposure to acquaintances. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79238. [PMID: 24278122 PMCID: PMC3835855 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Research has mostly focused on obesity and not on processes of BMI change more generally, although these may be key factors that lead to obesity. Studies have suggested that obesity is affected by social ties. However these studies used survey based data collection techniques that may be biased toward select only close friends and relatives. In this study, mobile phone sensing techniques were used to routinely capture social interaction data in an undergraduate dorm. By automating the capture of social interaction data, the limitations of self-reported social exposure data are avoided. This study attempts to understand and develop a model that best describes the change in BMI using social interaction data. We evaluated a cohort of 42 college students in a co-located university dorm, automatically captured via mobile phones and survey based health-related information. We determined the most predictive variables for change in BMI using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) method. The selected variables, with gender, healthy diet category, and ability to manage stress, were used to build multiple linear regression models that estimate the effect of exposure and individual factors on change in BMI. We identified the best model using Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and R(2). This study found a model that explains 68% (p<0.0001) of the variation in change in BMI. The model combined social interaction data, especially from acquaintances, and personal health-related information to explain change in BMI. This is the first study taking into account both interactions with different levels of social interaction and personal health-related information. Social interactions with acquaintances accounted for more than half the variation in change in BMI. This suggests the importance of not only individual health information but also the significance of social interactions with people we are exposed to, even people we may not consider as close friends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahman O. Oloritun
- Institute Center for Smart and Sustainable Systems (iSMART) Masdar Institute of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Taha B. M. J. Ouarda
- Institute Center for Water and Environment (iWATER), Masdar Institute of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Sai Moturu
- The Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Anmol Madan
- The Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Alex (Sandy) Pentland
- The Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Inas Khayal
- Institute Center for Smart and Sustainable Systems (iSMART) Masdar Institute of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- The Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Chebana F, Martel B, Gosselin P, Giroux JX, Ouarda TBMJ. A general and flexible methodology to define thresholds for heat health watch and warning systems, applied to the province of Québec (Canada). Int J Biometeorol 2013; 57:631-44. [PMID: 23100100 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-012-0590-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Revised: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/27/2012] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Several watch and warning systems have been established in the world in recent years to prevent the effects of heat waves. However, many of these approaches can be applied only in regions with perfect conditions (e.g., enough data, stationary series or homogeneous regions). Furthermore, a number of these approaches do not account for possible trend in mortality and/or temperature series, whereas others are generally not adapted to regions with low population densities or low daily mortality levels. In addition, prediction based on multiple days preceding the event can be less accurate if it attributes the same importance to each of these days, since the forecasting accuracy actually decreases with the period. The aim of the present study was to identify appropriate indicators as well as flexible and general thresholds that can be applied to a variety of regions and conditions. From a practical point of view, the province of Québec constitutes a typical case where a number of the above-mentioned constraints are present. On the other hand, until recently, the province's watch and warning system was based on a study conducted in 2005, covering only the city of Montreal and applied to the whole province. The proposed approach is applied to each one of the other health regions of the province often experiencing low daily counts of mortality and presenting trends. The first constraint led to grouping meteorologically homogeneous regions across the province in which the number of deaths is sufficient to carry out the appropriate data analyses. In each region, mortality trends are taken into account. In addition, the proposed indicators are defined by a 3-day weighted mean of maximal and minimal temperatures. The sensitivity of the results to the inclusion of traumatic deaths is also checked. The application shows that the proposed method improved the results in terms of sensitivity, specificity and number of yearly false alarms, compared to those of the existing and other classical approaches. An additional criterion based on the Humidex is applied in a second step and a local validation is applied to historical observations at reference forecasting stations. An integrated heat health watch and warning system with thresholds that are adapted to the regional climate has thus been established for each sub-region of the province of Quebec and became operational in June 2010.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fateh Chebana
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique/INRS-ETE, 490 de la Couronne, Québec, QC, Canada, G1K 9A9.
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Vida S, Durocher M, Ouarda TBMJ, Gosselin P. Relationship between ambient temperature and humidity and visits to mental health emergency departments in Québec. Psychiatr Serv 2012; 63:1150-3. [PMID: 23117515 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ps.201100485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined whether the number of emergency department visits for "mental and psychosocial problems" varies with temperature or humidity. METHODS The number of visits in three geographic areas of Québec were examined as a function of temperature and humidity by using routinely collected May-September data for 1995-2007 (N=347,552 visits). Data for two age groups (under age 65 and age 65 and older) were examined. Incidence rate ratios for mean temperature and humidity were estimated by using Poisson regression and generalized additive models. RESULTS The number of visits tended to increase with increasing mean temperature. At 22.5 °C (72.5 °F) and 25 °C (77.0 °F), the number was usually significantly higher than average. Visits increased with humidity in the younger age group. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest increased use of emergency departments for mental and psychosocial problems with higher mean temperature and humidity, especially in metropolitan areas and in southern Québec. Climate change may make this effect increasingly important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Vida
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University and McGill University Health Centre, B6-160, 1650 Cedar Ave, Montréal, Québec H3G 1A4, Canada.
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Ou C, St-Hilaire A, Ouarda TBMJ, Conly FM, Armstrong N, Khalil B, Proulx-McInnis S. Coupling geostatistical approaches with PCA and fuzzy optimal model (FOM) for the integrated assessment of sampling locations of water quality monitoring networks (WQMNs). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 14:3118-28. [PMID: 23103968 DOI: 10.1039/c2em30372h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The assessment of the adequacy of sampling locations is an important aspect in the validation of an effective and efficient water quality monitoring network. Two geostatistical approaches (e.g., kriging and Moran's I) are presented to assess multiple sampling locations. A flexible and comprehensive framework was developed for the selection of multiple sampling locations of multiple variables which was accomplished by coupling geostatistical approaches with principal component analysis (PCA) and fuzzy optimal model (FOM). The FOM was used in the integrated assessment of both multiple principal components and multiple geostatistical approaches. These integrated methods were successfully applied to the assessment of two independent water quality monitoring networks (WQMNs) of Lake Winnipeg, Canada, which respectively included 14 and 30 stations from 2006 to 2010.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunping Ou
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Eau, Terre et Environnement-INRS-ETE, University of Québec, Québec City, Québec, Canada.
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Modarres R, Ouarda TBMJ, Vanasse A, Orzanco MG, Gosselin P. Modeling seasonal variation of hip fracture in Montreal, Canada. Bone 2012; 50:909-16. [PMID: 22270055 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2012.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2011] [Revised: 01/04/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The investigation of the association of the climate variables with hip fracture incidences is important in social health issues. This study examined and modeled the seasonal variation of monthly population based hip fracture rate (HFr) time series. The seasonal ARIMA time series modeling approach is used to model monthly HFr incidences time series of female and male patients of the ages 40-74 and 75+ of Montreal, Québec province, Canada, in the period of 1993-2004. The correlation coefficients between meteorological variables such as temperature, snow depth, rainfall depth and day length and HFr are significant. The nonparametric Mann-Kendall test for trend assessment and the nonparametric Levene's test and Wilcoxon's test for checking the difference of HFr before and after change point are also used. The seasonality in HFr indicated sharp difference between winter and summer time. The trend assessment showed decreasing trends in HFr of female and male groups. The nonparametric test also indicated a significant change of the mean HFr. A seasonal ARIMA model was applied for HFr time series without trend and a time trend ARIMA model (TT-ARIMA) was developed and fitted to HFr time series with a significant trend. The multi criteria evaluation showed the adequacy of SARIMA and TT-ARIMA models for modeling seasonal hip fracture time series with and without significant trend. In the time series analysis of HFr of the Montreal region, the effects of the seasonal variation of climate variables on hip fracture are clear. The Seasonal ARIMA model is useful for modeling HFr time series without trend. However, for time series with significant trend, the TT-ARIMA model should be applied for modeling HFr time series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Modarres
- Canada Research Chair on the Estimation of Hydrometeorological Variables, INRS-ETE, 490 de la Couronne, Quebec, Qc, Canada, G1K 9A9.
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Tramblay Y, Saint-Hilaire A, Ouarda TBMJ, Moatar F, Hecht B. Estimation of local extreme suspended sediment concentrations in California Rivers. Sci Total Environ 2010; 408:4221-4229. [PMID: 20570317 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2009] [Revised: 04/28/2010] [Accepted: 05/03/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The total amount of suspended sediment load carried by a stream during a year is usually transported during one or several extreme events related to high river flow and intense rainfall, leading to very high suspended sediment concentrations (SSCs). In this study quantiles of SSC derived from annual maximums and the 99th percentile of SSC series are considered to be estimated locally in a site-specific approach using regional information. Analyses of relationships between physiographic characteristics and the selected indicators were undertaken using the localities of 5-km radius draining of each sampling site. Multiple regression models were built to test the regional estimation for these indicators of suspended sediment transport. To assess the accuracy of the estimates, a Jack-Knife re-sampling procedure was used to compute the relative bias and root mean square error of the models. Results show that for the 19 stations considered in California, the extreme SSCs can be estimated with 40-60% uncertainty, depending on the presence of flow regulation in the basin. This modelling approach is likely to prove functional in other Mediterranean climate watersheds since they appear useful in California, where geologic, climatic, physiographic, and land-use conditions are highly variable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Tramblay
- Chair in Statistical Hydrology, INRS-ETE, 490 rue de la couronne, Québec, Canada G1K9A9.
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