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Abstract
Background and objective Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a rare chronic neuropathic pain condition of sudden and severe pain, often described as an electric shock. Diagnosis is challenging for non-expert clinicians, particularly in primary care settings. We wanted to identify and assess the diagnostic accuracy of existing screening tools for TN and orofacial pain that could be used to support the diagnosis of TN in primary care. Databases and data treatment We searched key databases (MEDLINE, ASSIA, Embase, and Web of Knowledge and PsycINFO) supplemented by citation tracking from January 1988 to 2021. We used an adapted version of the Quality of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-2) to assess the methodological quality of each study. Results Searches identified five studies, from the UK, USA and Canada; three validated self-report questionnaires; and two artificial neural networks. All screened for multiple orofacial pain diagnoses, including dentoalveolar pain, musculoskeletal pain (temporomandibular disorders) and neurological pain (trigeminal neuralgia, headache, atypical facial pain and postherpetic neuralgia). The overall quality assessment was low for one study. Conclusions Diagnosis of TN can be challenging for non-expert clinicians. Our review found few existing screening tools to diagnose TN, and none is currently suitable to be used in primary care settings. This evidence supports the need to adapt an existing tools or to create a new tool for this purpose. The development of an appropriate screening questionnaire could assist non-expert dental and medical clinicians to identify TN more effectively and empower them to manage or refer patients for treatment more effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- THN Teshima
- Department of Oral Medicine, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK
- Department of Oral Medicine and Pain Education Research Centre at ULCH NHS Foundation Trust, Royal National ENT & Eastman Dental Hospitals, ULCH NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - JM Zakrzewska
- Department of Oral Medicine, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK
- Department of Oral Medicine and Pain Education Research Centre at ULCH NHS Foundation Trust, Royal National ENT & Eastman Dental Hospitals, ULCH NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - R Potter
- Warwick Clinical Trials Unit, Coventry, UK
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2
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Abstract
Salivary glands are branching organs which develop by bud and cleft formation to create an organ with a large surface area. The epithelium and mesenchyme signal back and forth to control this branching process, with additional cues provided by the parasympathetic nerves and blood vessels that surround the developing branches. This branching morphogenesis can be recapitulated successfully in organ culture , allowing access to the tissue to follow development and manipulate the tissue interactions, and signals. To culture glands, the filter-grid method has been widely used, allowing the development of salivary glands cultured as a whole organ, or the gland epithelium in isolation, or with the surrounding craniofacial tissue in a cranial slice. Here, we describe the methods for each approach and show the applicability of culturing glands from a wide variety of species: mouse , snake, and human. The resulting samples and data from these cultures can be employed for morphological and molecular analysis, with some examples described in this chapter, bringing valuable knowledge to our understanding of branching morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia Gaete
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Tathyane H N Teshima
- Department of Oral Medicine, Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Lemonia Chatzeli
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Abigail S Tucker
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, UK
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Chatzeli L, Teshima THN, Hajihosseini MK, Gaete M, Proctor GB, Tucker AS. Comparing development and regeneration in the submandibular gland highlights distinct mechanisms. J Anat 2021; 238:1371-1385. [PMID: 33455001 PMCID: PMC8128775 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A common question in organ regeneration is the extent to which regeneration recapitulates embryonic development. To investigate this concept, we compared the expression of two highly interlinked and essential genes for salivary gland development, Sox9 and Fgf10, during submandibular gland development, homeostasis and regeneration. Salivary gland duct ligation/deligation model was used as a regenerative model. Fgf10 and Sox9 expression changed during regeneration compared to homeostasis, suggesting that these key developmental genes play important roles during regeneration, however, significantly both displayed different patterns of expression in the regenerating gland compared to the developing gland. Regenerating glands, which during homeostasis had very few weakly expressing Sox9-positive cells in the striated/granular ducts, displayed elevated expression of Sox9 within these ducts. This pattern is in contrast to embryonic development, where Sox9 expression was absent in the proximally developing ducts. However, similar to the elevated expression at the distal tip of the epithelium in developing salivary glands, regenerating glands displayed elevated expression in a subpopulation of acinar cells, which during homeostasis expressed Sox9 at lower levels. A shift in expression of Fgf10 was observed from a widespread mesenchymal pattern during organogenesis to a more limited and predominantly epithelial pattern during homeostasis in the adult. This restricted expression in epithelial cells was maintained during regeneration, with no clear upregulation in the surrounding mesenchyme, as might be expected if regeneration recapitulated development. As both Fgf10 and Sox9 were upregulated in proximal ducts during regeneration, this suggests that the positive regulation of Sox9 by Fgf10, essential during development, is partially reawakened during regeneration using this model. Together these data suggest that developmentally important genes play a key role in salivary gland regeneration but do not precisely mimic the roles observed during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lemonia Chatzeli
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative BiologyKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Tathyane H. N. Teshima
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative BiologyKing's College LondonLondonUK
- Department of Oral MedicineUCL Eastman Dental InstituteLondonUK
| | | | - Marcia Gaete
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative BiologyKing's College LondonLondonUK
- Department of AnatomyFaculty of MedicinePontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiagoChile
| | - Gordon B. Proctor
- Centre for Host‐Microbiome InteractionsKing's College of LondonLondonUK
| | - Abigail S. Tucker
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative BiologyKing's College LondonLondonUK
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4
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Qiu T, Teshima THN, Hovorakova M, Tucker AS. Development of the Vestibular Lamina in Human Embryos: Morphogenesis and Vestibule Formation. Front Physiol 2020; 11:753. [PMID: 32765288 PMCID: PMC7378788 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The vestibular lamina (VL) is a transient developmental structure that forms the lip furrow, creating a gap between the lips/cheeks and teeth (oral vestibule). Surprisingly, little is known about the development of the VL and its relationship to the adjacent dental lamina (DL), which forms the teeth. In some congenital disorders, such as Ellis-van Creveld (EVC) syndrome, development of the VL is disrupted and multiple supernumerary frenula form, physically linking the lips and teeth. Here, we assess the normal development of the VL in human embryos from 6.5 (CS19) to 13 weeks of development, showing the close relationship between the VL and DL, from initiation to differentiation. In the anterior lower region, the two structures arise from the same epithelial thickening. The VL then undergoes complex morphogenetic changes during development, forming a branched structure that separates to create the vestibule. Changing expression of keratins highlight the differentiation patterns in the VL, with fissure formation linked to the onset of filaggrin. Apoptosis is involved in removal of the central portion of the VL to create a broad furrow between the future cheek and gum. This research forms an essential base to further explore developmental defects in this part of the oral cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengyang Qiu
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tathyane H. N. Teshima
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Hovorakova
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czechia
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Abigail S. Tucker
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
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5
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Abstract
Neuronal signaling is known to be required for salivary gland development, with parasympathetic nerves interacting with the surrounding tissues from early stages to maintain a progenitor cell population and control morphogenesis. In contrast, postganglionic sympathetic nerves arrive late in salivary gland development to perform a secretory function; however, no previous report has shown their role during development. Here, we show that a subset of neuronal cells within the parasympathetic submandibular ganglion (PSG) express the catecholaminergic marker tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in developing murine and human submandibular glands. This sympathetic phenotype coincided with the expression of transcription factor Hand2 within the PSG from the bud stage (E12.5) of mouse embryonic salivary gland development. Hand2 was previously associated with the decision of neural crest cells to become sympathetic in other systems, suggesting a role in controlling neuronal fate in the salivary gland. The PSG therefore provides a population of TH-expressing neurons prior to the arrival of the postganglionic sympathetic axons from the superior cervical ganglion at E15.5. In culture, in the absence of nerves from the superior cervical ganglion, these PSG-derived TH neurons were clearly evident forming a network around the gland. Chemical ablation of dopamine receptors in explant culture with the neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine at early stages of gland development resulted in specific loss of the TH-positive neurons from the PSG, and subsequent branching was inhibited. Taken altogether, these results highlight for the first time the detailed developmental time course of TH-expressing neurons during murine salivary gland development and suggest a role for these neurons in branching morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T H N Teshima
- 1 Department of Stomatology, Dental School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,2 Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Guy's Hospital, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - A S Tucker
- 2 Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Guy's Hospital, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - S V Lourenço
- 1 Department of Stomatology, Dental School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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6
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May AJ, Teshima THN, Noble A, Tucker AS. FGF10 is an essential regulator of tracheal submucosal gland morphogenesis. Dev Biol 2019; 451:158-166. [PMID: 30965042 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2019.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mucus secretion and mucociliary clearance are crucial processes required to maintain pulmonary homeostasis. In the trachea and nasal passages, mucus is secreted by submucosal glands (SMGs) that line the airway, with an additional contribution from goblet cells of the surface airway epithelium. The SMG mucus is rich in mucins and antimicrobial enzymes. Defective tracheal SMGs contribute to hyper-secretory respiratory diseases, such as cystic fibrosis, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, however little is known about the signals that regulate their morphogenesis and patterning. Here, we show that Fgf10 is essential for the normal development of murine tracheal SMGs, with gland development arresting at the early bud stage in the absence of FGF10 signalling. As Fgf10 knockout mice are lethal at birth, inducible knockdown of Fgf10 at late embryonic stages was used to follow postnatal gland formation, confirming the essential role of FGF10 in SMG development. In heterozygous Fgf10 mice the tracheal glands formed but with altered morphology and restricted distribution. The reduction in SMG branching in Fgf10 heterozygous mice was not rescued with time and resulted in a reduction in overall tracheal mucus secretion. Fgf10 is therefore a key signal in SMG development, influencing both the number of glands and extent of branching morphogenesis, and is likely, therefore, to play a role in aspects of SMG-dependent respiratory health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison J May
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Tathyane H N Teshima
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, United Kingdom; Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alistair Noble
- MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Abigail S Tucker
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, United Kingdom.
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7
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Teshima THN, Tucker AS. Etiology-Based Dental and Craniofacial Diagnostics. Eur J Orthod 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjy008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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8
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Hoyos Cadavid AM, Kaminagakura E, Rodrigues MFSD, Pinto CAL, Teshima THN, Alves FA. Immunohistochemical evaluation of Sonic Hedgehog signaling pathway proteins (Shh, Ptch1, Ptch2, Smo, Gli1, Gli2, and Gli3) in sporadic and syndromic odontogenic keratocysts. Clin Oral Investig 2018; 23:153-159. [PMID: 29564556 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-018-2421-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to compare the clinical and demographic features of 62 patients presenting sporadic odontogenic keratocysts (OKCs) or OKCs associated with nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (NBCCS). In conjunction with this, we also evaluated the immunohistochemical expression of Shh, Ptch1, Ptch2, Smo, Gli1, Gli2 and Gli3 proteins in 86 OKCs. By doing this, we add to the understanding of the biology of this type of lesion, providing tools that will help facilitate the early diagnosis of NBCCS in those patients where the first manifestation is that of OKCs. METHODS This is a retrospective study; patients were classified into two groups: group 1 which consisted of those who were not affected by NBCCS (49 patients and 57 OKCs) and group 2 which consisted of those who were diagnosed with NBCCS (13 patients and 29 OKCs). The clinical and demographic features were studied and the immunohistochemical expression of Sonic Hedgehog proteins (Shh, Ptch1, Ptch2, Smo, Gli1, Gli2, and Gli3) was analyzed in all samples. RESULTS There was an increase in the expression of three proteins in the syndromic OKC, when compared to that of sporadic cysts. Shh and Gli1 showed higher cytoplasmic expression, while Smo revealed stronger nuclear and cytoplasmic expressions. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Our findings suggest that the expression patterns of important Shh pathway proteins can represent valuable markers for early diagnosis of NBCCS-associated OKCs, as the major criterion for the diagnosis of NBCCS is currently based on the late appearance of basal cellular carcinomas. Thus, standardizing a new diagnostic tool for diagnosis of NBCCS could be of great importance in the identification of therapeutic targets. We therefore suggest, as based on our findings, that OKCs showing high expression of Shh, Smo, and Gli1 are potentially associated with NBCCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maria Hoyos Cadavid
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2227 (Butantã), São Paulo, 03178-200, Brazil.
| | - E Kaminagakura
- Department of Bioscience and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, Paulista State University "Julio de Mesquita Filho" - UNESP, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M F S D Rodrigues
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2227 (Butantã), São Paulo, 03178-200, Brazil.,Biophotonics Applied to Health Science, Nove de Julho University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - C A L Pinto
- Department of Pathology, A. C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - T H N Teshima
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2227 (Butantã), São Paulo, 03178-200, Brazil
| | - F A Alves
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2227 (Butantã), São Paulo, 03178-200, Brazil.,Department of Stomatology, A. C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
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9
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Tucker AS, Dyer CJ, Fons Romero JM, Teshima THN, Fuchs JC, Thompson H. Mapping the distribution of stem/progenitor cells across the mouse middle ear during homeostasis and inflammation. Development 2018; 145:dev.154393. [PMID: 29217752 DOI: 10.1242/dev.154393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The middle ear epithelium is derived from neural crest and endoderm, which line distinct regions of the middle ear cavity. Here, we investigate the distribution of putative stem cell markers in the middle ear, combined with an analysis of the location of label-retaining cells (LRCs) to create a map of the middle ear mucosa. We show that proliferating cells and LRCs were associated with specific regions of the ear epithelium, concentrated in the hypotympanum at the base of the auditory bulla and around the ear drum. Sox2 was widely expressed in the endodermally derived ciliated pseudostratified epithelium of the hypotympanum. This part of the middle ear showed high levels of Wnt activity, as indicated by the expression of Axin2, a readout of Wnt signalling. Keratin 5 showed a more restricted expression within the basal cells of this region, with very little overlap between the Sox2- and keratin 5-positive epithelium, indicating that these genes mark distinct populations. Little expression of Sox2 or keratin 5 was observed in the neural crest-derived middle ear epithelium that lined the promontory, except in cases of otitis media when this epithelium underwent hyperplasia. This study lays the foundation for furthering our understanding of homeostasis and repair in the middle ear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail S Tucker
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Carlene J Dyer
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Juan M Fons Romero
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Tathyane H N Teshima
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK.,Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Jennifer C Fuchs
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Hannah Thompson
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
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10
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Teshima THN, Lourenco SV, Tucker AS. Multiple Cranial Organ Defects after Conditionally Knocking Out Fgf10 in the Neural Crest. Front Physiol 2016; 7:488. [PMID: 27826253 PMCID: PMC5078472 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fgf10 is necessary for the development of a number of organs that fail to develop or are reduced in size in the null mutant. Here we have knocked out Fgf10 specifically in the neural crest driven by Wnt1cre. The Wnt1creFgf10fl/fl mouse phenocopies many of the null mutant defects, including cleft palate, loss of salivary glands, and ocular glands, highlighting the neural crest origin of the Fgf10 expressing mesenchyme surrounding these organs. In contrast tissues such as the limbs and lungs, where Fgf10 is expressed by the surrounding mesoderm, were unaffected, as was the pituitary gland where Fgf10 is expressed by the neuroepithelium. The circumvallate papilla of the tongue formed but was hypoplastic in the conditional and Fgf10 null embryos, suggesting that other sources of FGF can compensate in development of this structure. The tracheal cartilage rings showed normal patterning in the conditional knockout, indicating that the source of Fgf10 for this tissue is mesodermal, which was confirmed using Wnt1cre-dtTom to lineage trace the boundary of the neural crest in this region. The thyroid, thymus, and parathyroid glands surrounding the trachea were present but hypoplastic in the conditional mutant, indicating that a neighboring source of mesodermal Fgf10 might be able to partially compensate for loss of neural crest derived Fgf10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tathyane H N Teshima
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvia V Lourenco
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Abigail S Tucker
- Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, King's College London London, UK
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11
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Teshima THN, Ianez RCF, Coutinho-Camillo CM, Tucker AS, Lourenço SV. Apoptosis-associated protein expression in human salivary gland morphogenesis. Arch Oral Biol 2016; 69:71-81. [PMID: 27270224 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2016.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Salivary gland (SG) development is based on branching morphogenesis, in which programmed cell death has been proposed to play a role in cell signalling and organ shaping. In the mouse salivary gland apoptosis has been suggested to play a key role in lumen formation, removing the central cells of the epithelial stalks. Here we analyse the expression of several anti- and pro-regulators of apoptosis during human SG development in a range of developmental stages. DESIGN Foetal SGs obtained from the University of São Paulo were analysed by immunohistochemistry to assess the expression of apoptosis-associated proteins: caspases (caspase-6, -7, -9 and cleaved caspase-3), Bcl-2 family members (Bax, Bak, Bad, Bid, Bcl-2, Bcl-x and Bcl-xL), Survivin (BIRC5), Cytochrome C and Apaf-1. RESULTS Nuclear expression of Bax and Bak was identified in presumptive luminal areas at initial stages, while Bcl-xL showed the most relevant anti-apoptotic activity. Caspase-6, -7 and -9 were expressed during all stages, while interestingly cleaved caspase-3 showed no prominent expression, indicating that caspase-7 is the main effector. Apoptosome complex components Apaf-1 and Cytochrome C, as well as survivin were all positive in developing glands. CONCLUSIONS The particular expression pattern of several apoptotic regulators in human SG development suggests the existence of a fundamental role for apoptosis during duct formation. The absence of Bad and Bid expressions indicates that the instrinsic pathway is more active then the extrinsic during human gland formation. The subcellular localisation of intrinsic-apoptosis proteins correlated with apoptotic activity, but also suggested additional non-apoptotic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tathyane H N Teshima
- Department of Stomatology, Dental School, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil Av Professor Lineu Prestes, 2227, Cidade Universitária, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Renata C F Ianez
- Department of Pathology, A.C. Camargo Hospital, Sao Paulo, Brazil R. Taguá, 400, Liberdade, 01508-010 São Paulo, SP, Brazil, Brazil.
| | - Claudia M Coutinho-Camillo
- Department of Pathology, A.C. Camargo Hospital, Sao Paulo, Brazil R. Taguá, 400, Liberdade, 01508-010 São Paulo, SP, Brazil, Brazil.
| | - Abigail S Tucker
- Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, King's College London, UK Guy's Hospital, London Bridge, SE1 9RT London, United Kingdom, United Kingdom.
| | - Silvia V Lourenço
- Department of Stomatology, Dental School, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil Av Professor Lineu Prestes, 2227, Cidade Universitária, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Department of Pathology, A.C. Camargo Hospital, Sao Paulo, Brazil R. Taguá, 400, Liberdade, 01508-010 São Paulo, SP, Brazil, Brazil.
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12
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Teshima THN, Ianez RF, Coutinho-Camillo CM, Buim ME, Soares FA, Lourenço SV. Development of human minor salivary glands: expression of mucins according to stage of morphogenesis. J Anat 2011; 219:410-7. [PMID: 21679184 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7580.2011.01405.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of salivary glands entails the proliferation of epithelial cells from the stomatodeum into the underlying ectomesenchyme, culminating in a complex network of ducts and acinar bulbs. The extent to which mucins regulate this process is unknown, but they appear to mediate luminal space formation and maturation. Our aim was to examine mucin expression patterns during the morphogenesis of human salivary glands. Mucin expression - MUC1, 2, 3, 4, 5AC, 5B, 6, and 16 - was analyzed in specimens of developing human salivary glands, obtained from fetuses at 4-24 weeks' gestation, and fully developed salivary glands by immunohistochemistry. Expression patterns were analyzed qualitatively according to the development stage of the salivary glands. Mucins 1, 3, 4, 5B, and 16 were expressed during salivary gland development - being stronger in all ductal segments by the final phases of branching morphogenesis and in mature glands. Acinar cells were negative for most mucins, including MUC1 in mature salivary glands. Mucins 2, 5AC, and 6 were not expressed. Mucins MUC1, 3, 4, 5B, and 16 are expressed in developing human salivary glands and in mature glands, suggesting important roles in the maturation and maintenance of the ductal network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tathyane H N Teshima
- General Pathology Department, Dental School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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