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Ghafari M, Sõmera M, Sarmiento C, Niehl A, Hébrard E, Tsoleridis T, Ball J, Moury B, Lemey P, Katzourakis A, Fargette D. Revisiting the origins of the Sobemovirus genus: A case for ancient origins of plant viruses. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1011911. [PMID: 38206964 PMCID: PMC10807823 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The discrepancy between short- and long-term rate estimates, known as the time-dependent rate phenomenon (TDRP), poses a challenge to extrapolating evolutionary rates over time and reconstructing evolutionary history of viruses. The TDRP reveals a decline in evolutionary rate estimates with the measurement timescale, explained empirically by a power-law rate decay, notably observed in animal and human viruses. A mechanistic evolutionary model, the Prisoner of War (PoW) model, has been proposed to address TDRP in viruses. Although TDRP has been studied in animal viruses, its impact on plant virus evolutionary history remains largely unexplored. Here, we investigated the consequences of TDRP in plant viruses by applying the PoW model to reconstruct the evolutionary history of sobemoviruses, plant pathogens with significant importance due to their impact on agriculture and plant health. Our analysis showed that the Sobemovirus genus dates back over four million years, indicating an ancient origin. We found evidence that supports deep host jumps to Poaceae, Fabaceae, and Solanaceae occurring between tens to hundreds of thousand years ago, followed by specialization. Remarkably, the TDRP-corrected evolutionary history of sobemoviruses was extended far beyond previous estimates that had suggested their emergence nearly 9,000 years ago, a time coinciding with the Neolithic period in the Near East. By incorporating sequences collected through metagenomic analyses, the resulting phylogenetic tree showcases increased genetic diversity, reflecting a deep history of sobemovirus species. We identified major radiation events beginning between 4,600 to 2,000 years ago, which aligns with the Neolithic period in various regions, suggesting a period of rapid diversification from then to the present. Our findings make a case for the possibility of deep evolutionary origins of plant viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahan Ghafari
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Merike Sõmera
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Cecilia Sarmiento
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Annette Niehl
- Julius Kühn Institute (JKI)–Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Eugénie Hébrard
- PHIM Plant Health Institute, Univ Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Theocharis Tsoleridis
- The Wolfson Centre for Global Virus Research and School of Life Sciences, The University of Nottingham, Queen’s Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Ball
- The Wolfson Centre for Global Virus Research and School of Life Sciences, The University of Nottingham, Queen’s Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | | | - Philippe Lemey
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Aris Katzourakis
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Denis Fargette
- PHIM Plant Health Institute, Univ Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
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2
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Adeboyejo K, King BJ, Tsoleridis T, Tarr AW, McLauchlan J, Irving WL, Ball JK, McClure CP. Hepatitis C subtyping assay failure in UK patients born in sub-Saharan Africa: Implications for global treatment and elimination. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28178. [PMID: 36168235 PMCID: PMC10092547 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The newly developed direct-acting antivirals have revolutionized the treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV), with cure rates as high as 98% in some cohorts. Although genome sequencing has demonstrated that some subtypes of HCV naturally harbor drug resistance associated substitutions (RAS), these are often overlooked as "rarities." Furthermore, commercial subtyping assays and associated epidemiological findings are skewed towards Western cohorts and whole-genome sequencing can be problematic to deploy without significant infrastructure and training support. We thus aimed to develop a simple, robust and accurate HCV subtyping pipeline, to optimize and streamline molecular detection and sequence-based typing of diverse RAS-containing subtypes. METHODS HCV serum derived from 146 individuals, whose likely source of infection was from sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) was investigated with a novel panel of single round polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays targeting NS5B and NS5A genomic regions. Virus subtype assignments were determined by pairwise-distance analysis and compared to both diagnostic laboratory assignments and free-to-use online typing tools. RESULTS Partial NS5A and NS5B sequences were respectively obtained from 131 to 135 HCV-positive patients born in 19 different countries from SSA but attending clinics in the UK. We determined that routine clinical diagnostic methods incorrectly subtyped 59.0% of samples, with a further 6.8% incorrectly genotyped. Of five commonly used online tools, Geno2Pheno performed most effectively in determining a subtype in agreement with pairwise distance analysis. CONCLUSION This study provides a simple low-cost pathway to accurately subtype in SSA, guide regional therapeutic choice and assist global surveillance and elimination initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazeem Adeboyejo
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, UK.,Wolfson Centre for Global Virus Research, Nottingham, UK
| | - Barnabas J King
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, UK.,Wolfson Centre for Global Virus Research, Nottingham, UK
| | - Theocharis Tsoleridis
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, UK.,Wolfson Centre for Global Virus Research, Nottingham, UK
| | - Alexander W Tarr
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, UK.,Wolfson Centre for Global Virus Research, Nottingham, UK
| | - John McLauchlan
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, UK
| | - William L Irving
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, UK.,Wolfson Centre for Global Virus Research, Nottingham, UK.,Clinical Microbiology, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, UK.,Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, UK
| | - Jonathan K Ball
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, UK.,Wolfson Centre for Global Virus Research, Nottingham, UK
| | - C Patrick McClure
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, UK.,Wolfson Centre for Global Virus Research, Nottingham, UK
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3
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Howson-Wells HC, Tsoleridis T, Zainuddin I, Tarr AW, Irving WL, Ball JK, Berry L, Clark G, McClure CP. Enterovirus D68 epidemic, UK, 2018, was caused by subclades B3 and D1, predominantly in children and adults, respectively, with both subclades exhibiting extensive genetic diversity. Microb Genom 2022; 8:mgen000825. [PMID: 35532121 PMCID: PMC9465064 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) has recently been identified in biennial epidemics coinciding with diagnoses of non-polio acute flaccid paralysis/myelitis (AFP/AFM). We investigated the prevalence, genetic relatedness and associated clinical features of EV-D68 in 193 EV-positive samples from 193 patients in late 2018, UK. EV-D68 was detected in 83 (58 %) of 143 confirmed EV-positive samples. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis revealed extensive genetic diversity, split between subclades B3 (n=50) and D1 (n=33), suggesting epidemiologically unrelated infections. B3 predominated in children and younger adults, and D1 in older adults and the elderly (P=0.0009). Clinical presentation indicated causation or exacerbation of respiratory distress in 91.4 % of EV-D68-positive individuals, principally cough (75.3 %), shortness of breath (56.8 %), coryza (48.1 %), wheeze (46.9 %), supplemental oxygen required (46.9 %) and fever (38.9 %). Two cases of AFM were observed, one with EV-D68 detectable in the cerebrospinal fluid, but otherwise neurological symptoms were rarely reported (n=4). Both AFM cases and all additional instances of intensive care unit (ICU) admission (n=5) were seen in patients infected with EV-D68 subclade B3. However, due to the infrequency of severe infection in our cohort, statistical significance could not be assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Theocharis Tsoleridis
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Wolfson Centre for Global Virus Research, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Izzah Zainuddin
- Clinical Microbiology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Alexander W Tarr
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Wolfson Centre for Global Virus Research, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - William L Irving
- Clinical Microbiology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK.,School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Wolfson Centre for Global Virus Research, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Jonathan K Ball
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Wolfson Centre for Global Virus Research, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Louise Berry
- Clinical Microbiology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK.,School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Gemma Clark
- Clinical Microbiology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - C Patrick McClure
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Wolfson Centre for Global Virus Research, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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4
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Francis RV, Billam H, Clarke M, Yates C, Tsoleridis T, Berry L, Mahida N, Irving WL, Moore C, Holmes N, Ball JK, Loose M, McClure CP. The Impact of Real-Time Whole-Genome Sequencing in Controlling Healthcare-Associated SARS-CoV-2 Outbreaks. J Infect Dis 2022; 225:10-18. [PMID: 34555152 PMCID: PMC8522425 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiab483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nosocomial severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections have severely affected bed capacity and patient flow. We utilized whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to identify outbreaks and focus infection control resources and intervention during the United Kingdom's second pandemic wave in late 2020. Phylogenetic analysis of WGS and epidemiological data pinpointed an initial transmission event to an admission ward, with immediate prior community infection linkage documented. High incidence of asymptomatic staff infection with genetically identical viral sequences was also observed, which may have contributed to the propagation of the outbreak. WGS allowed timely nosocomial transmission intervention measures, including admissions ward point-of-care testing and introduction of portable HEPA14 filters. Conversely, WGS excluded nosocomial transmission in 2 instances with temporospatial linkage, conserving time and resources. In summary, WGS significantly enhanced understanding of SARS-CoV-2 clusters in a hospital setting, both identifying high-risk areas and conversely validating existing control measures in other units, maintaining clinical service overall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodric V Francis
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Harriet Billam
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Mitch Clarke
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Carl Yates
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Theocharis Tsoleridis
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,Wolfson Centre for Emerging Virus Research, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Louise Berry
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Nikunj Mahida
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - William L Irving
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,Wolfson Centre for Emerging Virus Research, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Moore
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Nadine Holmes
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan K Ball
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,Wolfson Centre for Emerging Virus Research, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Loose
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - C Patrick McClure
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,Wolfson Centre for Emerging Virus Research, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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5
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Urbanowicz RA, Tsoleridis T, Jackson HJ, Cusin L, Duncan JD, Chappell JG, Tarr AW, Nightingale J, Norrish AR, Ikram A, Marson B, Craxford SJ, Kelly A, Aithal GP, Vijay A, Tighe PJ, Ball JK, Valdes AM, Ollivere BJ. Two doses of the SARS-CoV-2 BNT162b2 vaccine enhance antibody responses to variants in individuals with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:eabj0847. [PMID: 34376569 PMCID: PMC9835846 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abj0847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the impact of prior infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on the response to vaccination is a priority for responding to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. In particular, it is necessary to understand how prior infection plus vaccination can modulate immune responses against variants of concern. To address this, we sampled 20 individuals with and 25 individuals without confirmed previous SARS-CoV-2 infection from a large cohort of health care workers followed serologically since April 2020. All 45 individuals had received two doses of the Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2 vaccine with a delayed booster at 10 weeks. Absolute and neutralizing antibody titers against wild-type SARS-CoV-2 and variants were measured using enzyme immunoassays and pseudotype neutralization assays. We observed antibody reactivity against lineage A, B.1.351, and P.1 variants with increasing antigenic exposure, through either vaccination or natural infection. This improvement was further confirmed in neutralization assays using fixed dilutions of serum samples. The impact of antigenic exposure was more evident in enzyme immunoassays measuring SARS-CoV-2 spike protein–specific IgG antibody concentrations. Our data show that multiple exposures to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in the context of a delayed booster expand the neutralizing breadth of the antibody response to neutralization-resistant SARS-CoV-2 variants. This suggests that additional vaccine boosts may be beneficial in improving immune responses against future SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A. Urbanowicz
- Wolfson Centre for Global Virus Research, University of Nottingham, A Floor, West Block, Queen's Medical Centre, Derby Road, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.,NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Derby Road, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.,School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, A Floor, West Block, Queen's Medical Centre, Derby Road, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.,Department of Infection Biology and Microbiomes, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool Science Park IC2, 146 Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK
| | - Theocharis Tsoleridis
- Wolfson Centre for Global Virus Research, University of Nottingham, A Floor, West Block, Queen's Medical Centre, Derby Road, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.,NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Derby Road, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.,School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, A Floor, West Block, Queen's Medical Centre, Derby Road, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Hannah J. Jackson
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Life Sciences Building, University Park Campus, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Lola Cusin
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Life Sciences Building, University Park Campus, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Joshua D. Duncan
- Wolfson Centre for Global Virus Research, University of Nottingham, A Floor, West Block, Queen's Medical Centre, Derby Road, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.,NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Derby Road, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.,School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, A Floor, West Block, Queen's Medical Centre, Derby Road, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Joseph G. Chappell
- Wolfson Centre for Global Virus Research, University of Nottingham, A Floor, West Block, Queen's Medical Centre, Derby Road, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.,NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Derby Road, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.,School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, A Floor, West Block, Queen's Medical Centre, Derby Road, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Alexander W. Tarr
- Wolfson Centre for Global Virus Research, University of Nottingham, A Floor, West Block, Queen's Medical Centre, Derby Road, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.,NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Derby Road, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.,School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, A Floor, West Block, Queen's Medical Centre, Derby Road, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Jessica Nightingale
- Injury, Inflammation & Recovery Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, C Floor, West Block, Queen's Medical Centre, Derby Road, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.,Trauma and Orthopaedics, University Hospitals Nottingham, C Floor, West Block, Queen's Medical Centre, Derby Road, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Alan R. Norrish
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Derby Road, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.,Injury, Inflammation & Recovery Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, C Floor, West Block, Queen's Medical Centre, Derby Road, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Adeel Ikram
- Injury, Inflammation & Recovery Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, C Floor, West Block, Queen's Medical Centre, Derby Road, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.,Trauma and Orthopaedics, University Hospitals Nottingham, C Floor, West Block, Queen's Medical Centre, Derby Road, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Ben Marson
- Injury, Inflammation & Recovery Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, C Floor, West Block, Queen's Medical Centre, Derby Road, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.,Trauma and Orthopaedics, University Hospitals Nottingham, C Floor, West Block, Queen's Medical Centre, Derby Road, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Simon J. Craxford
- Injury, Inflammation & Recovery Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, C Floor, West Block, Queen's Medical Centre, Derby Road, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.,Trauma and Orthopaedics, University Hospitals Nottingham, C Floor, West Block, Queen's Medical Centre, Derby Road, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Anthony Kelly
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Derby Road, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.,Injury, Inflammation & Recovery Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, C Floor, West Block, Queen's Medical Centre, Derby Road, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Guruprasad P. Aithal
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Derby Road, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Amrita Vijay
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Derby Road, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.,Injury, Inflammation & Recovery Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, C Floor, West Block, Queen's Medical Centre, Derby Road, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Patrick J. Tighe
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Life Sciences Building, University Park Campus, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Jonathan K. Ball
- Wolfson Centre for Global Virus Research, University of Nottingham, A Floor, West Block, Queen's Medical Centre, Derby Road, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.,NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Derby Road, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.,School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, A Floor, West Block, Queen's Medical Centre, Derby Road, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.,Corresponding author. (J.K.B.); (A.M.V.); (B.J.O.)
| | - Ana M. Valdes
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Derby Road, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.,Injury, Inflammation & Recovery Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, C Floor, West Block, Queen's Medical Centre, Derby Road, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.,Corresponding author. (J.K.B.); (A.M.V.); (B.J.O.)
| | - Benjamin J. Ollivere
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Derby Road, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.,Injury, Inflammation & Recovery Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, C Floor, West Block, Queen's Medical Centre, Derby Road, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.,Trauma and Orthopaedics, University Hospitals Nottingham, C Floor, West Block, Queen's Medical Centre, Derby Road, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.,Corresponding author. (J.K.B.); (A.M.V.); (B.J.O.)
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6
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Capone S, Raggioli A, Gentile M, Battella S, Lahm A, Sommella A, Contino AM, Urbanowicz RA, Scala R, Barra F, Leuzzi A, Lilli E, Miselli G, Noto A, Ferraiuolo M, Talotta F, Tsoleridis T, Castilletti C, Matusali G, Colavita F, Lapa D, Meschi S, Capobianchi M, Soriani M, Folgori A, Ball JK, Colloca S, Vitelli A. Immunogenicity of a new gorilla adenovirus vaccine candidate for COVID-19. Mol Ther 2021; 29:2412-2423. [PMID: 33895322 PMCID: PMC8062434 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the emergent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) threatens global public health, and there is an urgent need to develop safe and effective vaccines. Here, we report the generation and the preclinical evaluation of a novel replication-defective gorilla adenovirus-vectored vaccine encoding the pre-fusion stabilized Spike (S) protein of SARS-CoV-2. We show that our vaccine candidate, GRAd-COV2, is highly immunogenic both in mice and macaques, eliciting both functional antibodies that neutralize SARS-CoV-2 infection and block Spike protein binding to the ACE2 receptor, and a robust, T helper (Th)1-dominated cellular response. We show here that the pre-fusion stabilized Spike antigen is superior to the wild type in inducing ACE2-interfering, SARS-CoV-2-neutralizing antibodies. To face the unprecedented need for vaccine manufacturing at a massive scale, different GRAd genome deletions were compared to select the vector backbone showing the highest productivity in stirred tank bioreactors. This preliminary dataset identified GRAd-COV2 as a potential COVID-19 vaccine candidate, supporting the translation of the GRAd-COV2 vaccine in a currently ongoing phase I clinical trial (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04528641).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Richard A Urbanowicz
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK; NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK; Wolfson Centre for Emerging Virus Research, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Theocharis Tsoleridis
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK; NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK; Wolfson Centre for Emerging Virus Research, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Concetta Castilletti
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Matusali
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Colavita
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Lapa
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Meschi
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Capobianchi
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Jonathan K Ball
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK; NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK; Wolfson Centre for Emerging Virus Research, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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7
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Chappell JG, Tsoleridis T, Clark G, Berry L, Holmes N, Moore C, Carlile M, Sang F, Debebe BJ, Wright V, Irving WL, Thomson BJ, Boswell TCJ, Willingham I, Joseph A, Smith W, Khakh M, Fleming VM, Lister MM, Howson-Wells HC, Holmes EC, Loose MW, Ball JK, McClure CP. Retrospective screening of routine respiratory samples revealed undetected community transmission and missed intervention opportunities for SARS-CoV-2 in the United Kingdom. J Gen Virol 2021; 102:001595. [PMID: 34130773 PMCID: PMC8459093 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In the early phases of the SARS coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, testing focused on individuals fitting a strict case definition involving a limited set of symptoms together with an identified epidemiological risk, such as contact with an infected individual or travel to a high-risk area. To assess whether this impaired our ability to detect and control early introductions of the virus into the UK, we PCR-tested archival specimens collected on admission to a large UK teaching hospital who retrospectively were identified as having a clinical presentation compatible with COVID-19. In addition, we screened available archival specimens submitted for respiratory virus diagnosis, and dating back to early January 2020, for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Our data provides evidence for widespread community circulation of SARS-CoV-2 in early February 2020 and into March that was undetected at the time due to restrictive case definitions informing testing policy. Genome sequence data showed that many of these early cases were infected with a distinct lineage of the virus. Sequences obtained from the first officially recorded case in Nottinghamshire - a traveller returning from Daegu, South Korea - also clustered with these early UK sequences suggesting acquisition of the virus occurred in the UK and not Daegu. Analysis of a larger sample of sequences obtained in the Nottinghamshire area revealed multiple viral introductions, mainly in late February and through March. These data highlight the importance of timely and extensive community testing to prevent future widespread transmission of the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph G. Chappell
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, UK
- Wolfson Centre for Emerging Virus Research, Nottingham, UK
| | - Theocharis Tsoleridis
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, UK
- Wolfson Centre for Emerging Virus Research, Nottingham, UK
| | - Gemma Clark
- Clinical Microbiology, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, UK
| | | | - Nadine Holmes
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | | | - Matthew Carlile
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Fei Sang
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Bisrat J. Debebe
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Victoria Wright
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - William L. Irving
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, UK
- Wolfson Centre for Emerging Virus Research, Nottingham, UK
| | - Brian J. Thomson
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, UK
- Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, UK
| | | | - Iona Willingham
- Clinical Microbiology, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, UK
| | - Amelia Joseph
- Clinical Microbiology, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, UK
| | - Wendy Smith
- Clinical Microbiology, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, UK
| | - Manjinder Khakh
- Clinical Microbiology, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, UK
| | - Vicki M. Fleming
- Clinical Microbiology, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, UK
| | | | | | - Edward C. Holmes
- Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Matthew W. Loose
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Jonathan K. Ball
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, UK
- Wolfson Centre for Emerging Virus Research, Nottingham, UK
| | - C. Patrick McClure
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, UK
- Wolfson Centre for Emerging Virus Research, Nottingham, UK
| | - on behalf of the COG-UK consortium
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, UK
- Wolfson Centre for Emerging Virus Research, Nottingham, UK
- Clinical Microbiology, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, UK
- Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, UK
- Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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8
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Chappell JG, Tsoleridis T, Onianwa O, Drake G, Ashpole I, Dobbs P, Edema W, Kumi-Ansah F, Bennett M, Tarlinton RE, Ball JK, McClure CP. Retrieval of the Complete Coding Sequence of the UK-Endemic Tatenale Orthohantavirus Reveals Extensive Strain Variation and Supports Its Classification as a Novel Species. Viruses 2020; 12:E454. [PMID: 32316655 PMCID: PMC7232349 DOI: 10.3390/v12040454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Orthohantaviruses are globally distributed viruses, associated with rodents and other small mammals. However, data on the circulation of orthohantaviruses within the UK, particularly the UK-endemic Tatenale virus, is sparse. In this study, 531 animals from five rodent species were collected from two locations in northern and central England and screened using a degenerate, pan- orthohantavirus RT-PCR assay. Tatenale virus was detected in a single field vole (Microtus agrestis) from central England and twelve field voles from northern England. Unbiased high-throughput sequencing of the central English strain resulted in the recovery of the complete coding sequence of a novel strain of Tatenale virus, whilst PCR-primer walking of the northern English strain recovered almost complete coding sequence of a previously identified strain. These findings represented the detection of a third lineage of Tatenale virus in the United Kingdom and extended the known geographic distribution of these viruses from northern to central England. Furthermore, the recovery of the complete coding sequence revealed that Tatenale virus was sufficiently related to the recently identified Traemersee virus, to meet the accepted criteria for classification as a single species of orthohantavirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph G. Chappell
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; (J.G.C.); (C.P.M.)
| | - Theocharis Tsoleridis
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; (J.G.C.); (C.P.M.)
| | - Okechukwu Onianwa
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; (J.G.C.); (C.P.M.)
| | | | | | | | - William Edema
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; (J.G.C.); (C.P.M.)
| | - Frederick Kumi-Ansah
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; (J.G.C.); (C.P.M.)
| | - Malcolm Bennett
- School of Veterinary Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonnington, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Rachael E. Tarlinton
- School of Veterinary Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonnington, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Jonathan K. Ball
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; (J.G.C.); (C.P.M.)
| | - C. Patrick McClure
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; (J.G.C.); (C.P.M.)
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9
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Tsoleridis T, Chappell JG, Monchatre-Leroy E, Umhang G, Shi M, Bennett M, Tarlinton RE, McClure CP, Holmes EC, Ball JK. Discovery and Prevalence of Divergent RNA Viruses in European Field Voles and Rabbits. Viruses 2019; 12:E47. [PMID: 31906044 PMCID: PMC7019641 DOI: 10.3390/v12010047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The advent of unbiased metagenomic virus discovery has revolutionized studies of virus biodiversity and evolution. Despite this, our knowledge of the virosphere, including in mammalian species, remains limited. We used unbiased metagenomic sequencing to identify RNA viruses in European field voles and rabbits. Accordingly, we identified a number of novel RNA viruses including astrovirus, rotavirus A, picorna-like virus and a morbilli-like paramyxovirus. In addition, we identified a sobemovirus and a novel luteovirus that likely originated from the rabbit diet. These newly discovered viruses were often divergent from those previously described. The novel astrovirus was most closely related to a virus sampled from the rodent-eating European roller bird (Coracias garrulous). PCR screening revealed that the novel morbilli-like paramyxovirus in the UK field vole had a prevalence of approximately 4%, and shared common ancestry with other rodent morbilli-like viruses sampled globally. Two novel rotavirus A sequences were detected in a UK field vole and a French rabbit, the latter with a prevalence of 5%. Finally, a highly divergent picorna-like virus found in the gut of the French rabbit virus was only ~35% similar to an arilivirus at the amino acid level, suggesting the presence of a novel viral genus within the Picornaviridae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theocharis Tsoleridis
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; (J.G.C.); (C.P.M.)
- Wolfson Centre for Global Virus Infections, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Joseph G. Chappell
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; (J.G.C.); (C.P.M.)
- Wolfson Centre for Global Virus Infections, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Elodie Monchatre-Leroy
- Anses, Laboratoire de la Rage et de la Faune Sauvage, 54220 Malzeville, France; (E.M.-L.); (G.U.)
| | - Gérald Umhang
- Anses, Laboratoire de la Rage et de la Faune Sauvage, 54220 Malzeville, France; (E.M.-L.); (G.U.)
| | - Mang Shi
- Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, School of Life and Environmental Sciences and School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (M.S.); (E.C.H.)
| | - Malcolm Bennett
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK; (M.B.); (R.E.T.)
| | - Rachael E. Tarlinton
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK; (M.B.); (R.E.T.)
| | - C. Patrick McClure
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; (J.G.C.); (C.P.M.)
- Wolfson Centre for Global Virus Infections, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Edward C. Holmes
- Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, School of Life and Environmental Sciences and School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (M.S.); (E.C.H.)
| | - Jonathan K. Ball
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; (J.G.C.); (C.P.M.)
- Wolfson Centre for Global Virus Infections, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
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10
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McClure P, Clark G, Chellapuri A, Smitheman M, Bagasi A, Akagha T, Khandaker T, Howson-Wells H, Chappell J, Tsoleridis T, Ball J, Irving W. Wombling surplus diagnostic nucleic acid for novel pathogenesis and genetic epidemiology of viral infections. Access Microbiol 2019. [DOI: 10.1099/acmi.ac2019.po0438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gemma Clark
- 2Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Arwa Bagasi
- 1University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Terry Akagha
- 1University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | - Jonathan Ball
- 1University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - William Irving
- 2Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- 1University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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11
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Tsoleridis T, Chappell J, Onianwa O, Monchatre-Leroy E, Umhang G, Shi M, Tarlinton R, McClure P, Holmes E, Ball J. Discovery of novel highly divergent RNA viruses in European rodents and rabbits. Access Microbiol 2019. [DOI: 10.1099/acmi.ac2019.po0407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Joseph Chappell
- 1School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Okechukwu Onianwa
- 1School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | | | - Gérald Umhang
- 2Anses, Laboratoire de la rage et de la faune sauvage, Malzéville, France
| | - Mang Shi
- 3Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences and Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rachael Tarlinton
- 4School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick McClure
- 1School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Edward Holmes
- 3Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences and Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jonathan Ball
- 1School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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12
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Chappell JG, Tsoleridis T, McClure CP, Tarlinton R, Clark G, Irving WL, Ball JK. High-throughput sequencing of patients with symptoms of unknown etiology. Access Microbiol 2019. [DOI: 10.1099/acmi.ac2019.po0558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Gemma Clark
- 2Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - William L Irving
- 2Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- 1University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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13
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Vogiatzaki T, Tsikouras P, Tsoleridis T, Bachar M, Christofis C, Liberis A, Galazios G. Horner’s syndrome and epidural anesthesia in labor and cesarean section. CLIN EXP OBSTET GYN 2017. [DOI: 10.12891/ceog3590.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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14
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Vogiatzaki T, Tsikouras P, Tsoleridis T, Bachar M, Christofis C, Liberis A, Galazios G. Horner's syndrome and epidural anesthesia in labor and cesarean section. CLIN EXP OBSTET GYN 2017; 44:337-340. [PMID: 29949268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Homer's syndrome (HS) is based on dysfunction of symphathetic nervous system at the cervical canal. The signs of the syndrome occur on the same side as the lesion of the sympathetic trunk and include: a constricted pupil, a weak-droopy eyelid, apparent decreased sweating, and with or without inset eyeball. HS has been observed as a rare complication of epidural anaesthesia in obstetrics during labour or cesarean section. In parturients, it warrants further investigation as other serious causes must be excluded, such as pancoast tumours, thoracic aortic aneurysms, carotid dissection, neuroblastoma, and brainstem vascular malformation. Management involves early diagnosis of the underlying benign condition while treatment is based on appropriate conservative observation, as most often the syndrome resolves spontaneously. However in very rare cases immediate medical or surgical management is needed.
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15
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Tsoleridis T, Galanou L, Tsoleridis S. Anesthesia management of a patient with a femoral neck fracture and hered-itary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. Hippokratia 2016; 20:303-305. [PMID: 29416304 PMCID: PMC5788230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) or Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder affecting the small blood vessels due to mutations in specific genes that lead to angiogenesis errors. HHT represents a clinical entity with great clinical interest as severe, unpredicted, and life-threatening bleeding, sepsis, ischemia, and hemodynamic failure might occur. Literature regarding anesthesia and perioperative management of such patients is limited, with no published papers for orthopedic surgery in patients with HHT. CASE REPORT An 82-year-old HHT female patient with femoral neck fracture was scheduled for hemiarthroplasty. Computerized tomography scan revealed an arteriovenous malformation (AVM) in the right lung. The nature of surgery in association with AVM presence suggested the use of regional anesthesia (RA) as the optimal choice. Midazolam (2 mg) was administered as premedication. Perioperatively, Levobupivacaine hydrochloride (15 mg) was administered in the subarachnoid space, at the L4-L5 lumbar intervertebral space, using a 29 Gauge needle. The patient was in lateral position with close monitoring of her blood pressure, electrocardiogram, oxygen saturation, and urine output. Two units of blood were transfused perioperatively. Her recovery was uneventful and she was discharged after ten days. CONCLUSION Patients with HHT require careful preoperative evaluation to identify and appreciate possible symptoms as well as to assess their pulmonary and cardiac function accurately. Meticulous preoperative planning is required to minimize perioperative risks and additionally close perioperative monitoring is essential. RA was preferred to general anesthesia as positive pressure ventilation could lead to hypoxia, AVM rupture, embolism, and hemodynamic collapse, while RA offers absence of respiratory stress, excellent muscle relaxation, and decreases blood loss, lowers probability of venal thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, and assists to better perioperative management of analgesia, thus contributing to positive outcome of surgery. Hippokratia 2016, 20(4): 303-305.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Tsoleridis
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Treatment, General Hospital of Rhodes, Rhodes, Greece
| | - L Galanou
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Treatment, General Hospital of Rhodes, Rhodes, Greece
| | - S Tsoleridis
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Treatment, General Hospital of Rhodes, Rhodes, Greece
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16
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Vogiatzaki T, Tsoleridis T, Eleftheriadis S, Iatrou C. Anesthesia management of a patient with left ventricular assist device for emergency open appendectomy: a case report. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2016; 20:3476-3479. [PMID: 27608910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this case report is to describe the management of anesthesia of a patient with an LVAD that underwent an emergency open appendectomy. Literature regarding emergency anesthesia management of such patients is still limited. A search in the PubMed engine with the keywords "LVAD appendectomy anesthesia management" revealed no results. CASE REPORT The case regards a 54 years old male patient that received an LVAD implant 2 months before the current incident. Close monitoring was applied including invasive arterial pressure measurement. Etomidate was selected for induction thanks to its' insignificant hemodynamic effects. Careful titrated drug and liquids administration was applied to avoid hemodynamic destabilization. Anticoagulation treatment cannot be stopped in these patients, and there was no time for anticoagulation treatment changes. Two units of fresh frozen plasma were issued as preventive bleeding measures. RESULTS No hemodynamic destabilization (targeted MAP: 65-90 mmHg) and bleeding were registered. The patient was extubated without any complications. CONCLUSIONS Anesthesia management of similar cases should be focused around bleeding and hemodynamic destabilization and is harder in emergency surgery due to narrow time limits. Drug and liquids titration and use of drugs with minimum hemodynamic effects are advised, as well as close cardiovascular monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Vogiatzaki
- University Clinic of Anesthesiology and Pain Treatment, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
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17
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Tsoleridis T, Onianwa O, Horncastle E, Dayman E, Zhu M, Danjittrong T, Wachtl M, Behnke JM, Chapman S, Strong V, Dobbs P, Ball JK, Tarlinton RE, McClure CP. Discovery of Novel Alphacoronaviruses in European Rodents and Shrews. Viruses 2016; 8:84. [PMID: 27102167 PMCID: PMC4810274 DOI: 10.3390/v8030084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Eight hundred and thirteen European rodents and shrews encompassing seven different species were screened for alphacoronaviruses using PCR detection. Novel alphacoronaviruses were detected in the species Rattus norvegicus, Microtus agrestis, Sorex araneus and Myodes glareolus. These, together with the recently described Lucheng virus found in China, form a distinct rodent/shrew-specific clade within the coronavirus phylogeny. Across a highly conserved region of the viral polymerase gene, the new members of this clade were up to 22% dissimilar at the nucleotide level to the previously described Lucheng virus. As such they might represent distinct species of alphacoronaviruses. These data greatly extend our knowledge of wildlife reservoirs of alphacoronaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Okechukwu Onianwa
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.
| | - Emma Horncastle
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.
| | - Emma Dayman
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.
| | - Miaoran Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.
| | | | - Marta Wachtl
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.
| | - Jerzy M Behnke
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.
| | - Sarah Chapman
- Twycross Zoo, Burton Road, Atherstone, Warwickshire CV9 3PX, UK.
| | - Victoria Strong
- Twycross Zoo, Burton Road, Atherstone, Warwickshire CV9 3PX, UK.
| | - Phillipa Dobbs
- Twycross Zoo, Burton Road, Atherstone, Warwickshire CV9 3PX, UK.
| | - Jonathan K Ball
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.
| | - Rachael E Tarlinton
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK.
| | - C Patrick McClure
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.
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18
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Stavrati M, Vogiatzaki T, Christofis C, Tsoleridis T, Tsatsanidis G, Papadopoulos T, Chloropoulou P, Iatrou C. [Comparing Onset Times and Vascular Punctures in axillary Blocks with Nerve Stimulation or Ultrasound: Randomised Trial]. Khirurgiia (Mosk) 2016; 82:31-39. [PMID: 29383901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The use of ultrasound (US) guidance in regional anaesthesia has evolved in the last then years and has even been considered the fatest and safest way to identify peripheral nerves and vascular structures thus eliminating the risk of injuring them. Prior to US guidance, peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) was the gold standard procedure of the last twenty years, still being used in the present alone or alongside US guidance. However, sometimes -especially in vessel rich areas such as the axillary plexus- it is hard to avoid injuring vascular structures with blind techniques such as PNS. The study's hypothesis was that out-of-plane US guided peri-neural axillary plexus block has a better success rate, faster onset and less intravascular punctures than the PNS method.
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