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Yan T, Yan N, Xia Y, Sawaswong V, Zhu X, Dias HB, Aibara D, Takahashi S, Hamada K, Saito Y, Li G, Liu H, Yan H, Velenosi TJ, Krausz KW, Huang J, Kimura S, Rotman Y, Qu A, Hao H, Gonzalez FJ. Hepatocyte-specific CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α restricts liver fibrosis progression. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e166731. [PMID: 38557493 PMCID: PMC10977981 DOI: 10.1172/jci166731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) - previously described as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) - is a major driver of liver fibrosis in humans, while liver fibrosis is a key determinant of all-cause mortality in liver disease independent of MASH occurrence. CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α (CEBPA), as a versatile ligand-independent transcriptional factor, has an important function in myeloid cells, and is under clinical evaluation for cancer therapy. CEBPA is also expressed in hepatocytes and regulates glucolipid homeostasis; however, the role of hepatocyte-specific CEBPA in modulating liver fibrosis progression is largely unknown. Here, hepatic CEBPA expression was found to be decreased during MASH progression both in humans and mice, and hepatic CEBPA mRNA was negatively correlated with MASH fibrosis in the human liver. CebpaΔHep mice had markedly enhanced liver fibrosis induced by a high-fat, high-cholesterol, high-fructose diet or carbon tetrachloride. Temporal and spatial hepatocyte-specific CEBPA loss at the progressive stage of MASH in CebpaΔHep,ERT2 mice functionally promoted liver fibrosis. Mechanistically, hepatocyte CEBPA directly repressed Spp1 transactivation to reduce the secretion of osteopontin, a fibrogenesis inducer of hepatic stellate cells. Forced hepatocyte-specific CEBPA expression reduced MASH-associated liver fibrosis. These results demonstrate an important role for hepatocyte-specific CEBPA in liver fibrosis progression, and may help guide the therapeutic discoveries targeting hepatocyte CEBPA for the treatment of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Yan
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Laboratory of Metabolic Regulation and Drug Target Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Nana Yan
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Laboratory of Metabolic Regulation and Drug Target Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yangliu Xia
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Vorthon Sawaswong
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Xinxin Zhu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disorder-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Henrique Bregolin Dias
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Daisuke Aibara
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Shogo Takahashi
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Keisuke Hamada
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yoshifumi Saito
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Hui Liu
- Department of Pathology, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hualong Yan
- Cancer and Stem Cell Epigenetics, Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute and
| | - Thomas J. Velenosi
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kristopher W. Krausz
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jing Huang
- Cancer and Stem Cell Epigenetics, Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute and
| | - Shioko Kimura
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yaron Rotman
- Liver and Energy Metabolism Section, Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Aijuan Qu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disorder-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Haiping Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Laboratory of Metabolic Regulation and Drug Target Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Frank J. Gonzalez
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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2
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Lim YJ, Tonial NC, Hartjes ED, Haig A, Velenosi TJ, Urquhart BL. Metabolomics for the identification of early biomarkers of nephrotoxicity in a mouse model of cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 163:114787. [PMID: 37126930 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity manifests as acute kidney injury (AKI) in approximately one third of patients receiving cisplatin therapy. Current measures of AKI are inadequate in detecting AKI prior to significant renal injury, and better biomarkers are needed for early diagnosis of cisplatin-induced AKI. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH C57BL/6 and FVB/N mice were treated with a single intraperitoneal injection of cisplatin (15 mg kg-1) or saline. Plasma, urine, and kidney samples were collected prior to cisplatin injection and 24-, 48-, 72-, and 96-hours following cisplatin injection. Untargeted metabolomics was employed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to identify early diagnostic biomarkers for cisplatin nephrotoxicity. PRINCIPAL RESULTS There was clear metabolic discrimination between saline and cisplatin-treated mice at all timepoints (day 1 to day 4). In total, 26 plasma, urine, and kidney metabolites were identified as exhibiting early alterations following cisplatin treatment. Several of the metabolites showing early alterations were associated with mitochondrial function and energetics, including intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, regulators of mitochondrial function and indicators of fatty acid β-oxidation dysfunction. Furthermore, several metabolites were derived from the gut microbiome. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Our results highlight the detrimental effects of cisplatin on mitochondrial function and demonstrate potential involvement of the gut microbiome in the pathophysiology of cisplatin-induced AKI. We provide a panel of metabolites to guide future clinical studies of cisplatin-induced AKI and provide insight into potential mechanisms behind cisplatin nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Jin Lim
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Nicholas C Tonial
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Emily D Hartjes
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Aaron Haig
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Thomas J Velenosi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Bradley L Urquhart
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
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3
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Sidor N, Velenosi TJ, Lajoie GA, Filler G, House AA, Weir MA, Thomson BKA, Garg AX, Renaud JB, McDowell T, Knauer MJ, Tirona RG, Noble R, Selby N, Taal M, Urquhart BL. Investigation of N, N, N-Trimethyl-L-alanyl-L-proline Betaine (TMAP) as a Biomarker of Kidney Function. ACS Omega 2023; 8:15160-15167. [PMID: 37151562 PMCID: PMC10157663 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is the most widely used tool for the measurement of kidney function, but endogenous biomarkers such as cystatin C and creatinine have limitations. A previous metabolomic study revealed N,N,N-trimethyl-L-alanyl-L-proline betaine (TMAP) to be reflective of kidney function. In this study, we developed a quantitative LCMS assay for the measurement of TMAP and evaluated TMAP as a biomarker of GFR. An assay to measure TMAP was developed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. After validation of the method, we applied it to plasma samples from three distinct kidney disease patient cohorts: nondialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, patients receiving peritoneal and hemodialysis, and living kidney donors. We investigated whether TMAP was conserved in other mammalian and nonmammalian species, by analyzing plasma samples from Wistar rats with diet-induced CKD and searching for putative matches to the m/z for TMAP and its known fragments in the raw sample data repository "Metabolomics Workbench". The assay can measure plasma TMAP at a lower limit of quantitation (100 ng/mL) with an interday precision and accuracy of 12.8 and 12.1%, respectively. In all three patient cohorts, TMAP concentrations are significantly higher in patients with CKD than in controls with a normal GFR. Further, TMAP concentrations are also elevated in rats with CKD and TMAP is present in the sap produced from Acer saccharum trees. TMAP concentration is inversely related to GFR suggesting that it is a marker of kidney function. TMAP is present in nonmammalian species suggesting that it is part of a biologically conserved process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole
A. Sidor
- Department
of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Thomas J. Velenosi
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Gilles A. Lajoie
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6G 2V4, Canada
| | - Guido Filler
- Department
of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital, London Health Science Center, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5W9, Canada
- Department
of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine
and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6G 2V4, Canada
- Division
of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine
and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5A5, Canada
| | - Andrew A. House
- Division
of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine
and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5A5, Canada
| | - Matthew A. Weir
- Division
of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine
and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5A5, Canada
| | - Benjamin KA Thomson
- Division
of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine
and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5A5, Canada
| | - Amit X. Garg
- Division
of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine
and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5A5, Canada
| | - Justin B. Renaud
- London
Research and Development Center, Agriculture
and Agri-Food Canada, 1391 Sandford Street, London, Ontario N5V 4T3, Canada
| | - Tim McDowell
- London
Research and Development Center, Agriculture
and Agri-Food Canada, 1391 Sandford Street, London, Ontario N5V 4T3, Canada
| | - Michael J. Knauer
- Department
of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine
and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Rommel G. Tirona
- Department
of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Rebecca Noble
- Center
for Kidney Research and Innovation, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
| | - Nicholas Selby
- Center
for Kidney Research and Innovation, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
| | - Maarten Taal
- Center
for Kidney Research and Innovation, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
| | - Bradley L. Urquhart
- Department
of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
- Division
of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine
and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5A5, Canada
- . Tel.: (519)661-2111
x.83756. Fax: (519)661-3827
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Velenosi TJ, Krausz KW, Hamada K, Dorsey TH, Ambs S, Takahashi S, Gonzalez FJ. Pharmacometabolomics reveals urinary diacetylspermine as a biomarker of doxorubicin effectiveness in triple negative breast cancer. NPJ Precis Oncol 2022; 6:70. [PMID: 36207498 PMCID: PMC9547066 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-022-00313-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients receive chemotherapy treatment, including doxorubicin, due to the lack of targeted therapies. Drug resistance is a major cause of treatment failure in TNBC and therefore, there is a need to identify biomarkers that determine effective drug response. A pharmacometabolomics study was performed using doxorubicin sensitive and resistant TNBC patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models to detect urinary metabolic biomarkers of treatment effectiveness. Evaluation of metabolite production was assessed by directly studying tumor levels in TNBC-PDX mice and human subjects. Metabolic flux leading to biomarker production was determined using stable isotope-labeled tracers in TNBC-PDX ex vivo tissue slices. Findings were validated in 12-h urine samples from control (n = 200), ER+/PR+ (n = 200), ER+/PR+/HER2+ (n = 36), HER2+ (n = 81) and TNBC (n = 200) subjects. Diacetylspermine was identified as a urine metabolite that robustly changed in response to effective doxorubicin treatment, which persisted after the final dose. Urine diacetylspermine was produced by the tumor and correlated with tumor volume. Ex vivo tumor slices revealed that doxorubicin directly increases diacetylspermine production by increasing tumor spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase 1 expression and activity, which was corroborated by elevated polyamine flux. In breast cancer patients, tumor diacetylspermine was elevated compared to matched non-cancerous tissue and increased in HER2+ and TNBC compared to ER+ subtypes. Urine diacetylspermine was associated with breast cancer tumor volume and poor tumor grade. This study describes a pharmacometabolomics strategy for identifying cancer metabolic biomarkers that indicate drug response. Our findings characterize urine diacetylspermine as a non-invasive biomarker of doxorubicin effectiveness in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Velenosi
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA. .,Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Kristopher W Krausz
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Keisuke Hamada
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tiffany H Dorsey
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stefan Ambs
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shogo Takahashi
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA.
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5
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Velenosi TJ, Ben-Yakov G, Podszun MC, Hercun J, Etzion O, Yang S, Nadal C, Haynes-Williams V, Huang WCA, Gonzalez-Hodar L, Brychta RJ, Takahashi S, Akkaraju V, Krausz KW, Walter M, Cai H, Walter PJ, Muniyappa R, Chen KY, Gonzalez FJ, Rotman Y. Postprandial Plasma Lipidomics Reveal Specific Alteration of Hepatic-derived Diacylglycerols in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Gastroenterology 2022; 162:1990-2003. [PMID: 35283114 PMCID: PMC9117487 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2022.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Hepatic energy metabolism is a dynamic process modulated by multiple stimuli. In nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), human studies typically focus on the static fasting state. We hypothesized that unique postprandial alterations in hepatic lipid metabolism are present in NAFLD. METHODS In a prospective clinical study, 37 patients with NAFLD and 10 healthy control subjects ingested a standardized liquid meal with pre- and postprandial blood sampling. Postprandial plasma lipid kinetics were characterized at the molecular lipid species level by untargeted lipidomics, cluster analysis, and lipid particle isolation, then confirmed in a mouse model. RESULTS There was a specific increase of multiple plasma diacylglycerol (DAG) species at 4 hours postprandially in patients with NAFLD but not in controls. This was replicated in a nonalcoholic steatohepatitis mouse model, where postprandial DAGs increased in plasma and concomitantly decreased in the liver. The increase in plasma DAGs appears early in the disease course, is dissociated from NAFLD severity and obesity, and correlates with postprandial insulin levels. Immunocapture isolation of very low density lipoprotein in human samples and stable isotope tracer studies in mice revealed that elevated postprandial plasma DAGs reflect hepatic secretion of endogenous, rather than meal-derived lipids. CONCLUSIONS We identified a selective insulin-related increase in hepatic secretion of endogenously derived DAGs after a mixed meal as a unique feature of NAFLD. DAGs are known to be lipotoxic and associated with atherosclerosis. Although it is still unknown whether the increased exposure to hepatic DAGs contributes to extrahepatic manifestations and cardiovascular risk in NAFLD, our study highlights the importance of extending NAFLD research beyond the fasting state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J. Velenosi
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH)
| | - Gil Ben-Yakov
- Liver & Energy Metabolism Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), NIH,Liver Diseases Branch, NIDDK, NIH
| | - Maren C. Podszun
- Liver & Energy Metabolism Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), NIH,Liver Diseases Branch, NIDDK, NIH
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lila Gonzalez-Hodar
- Liver & Energy Metabolism Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), NIH,Liver Diseases Branch, NIDDK, NIH
| | | | - Shogo Takahashi
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH)
| | - Vikas Akkaraju
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH)
| | - Kristopher W. Krausz
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH)
| | | | - Hongyi Cai
- Clinical Mass Spectrometry Core, NIDDK, NIH
| | | | | | - Kong Y. Chen
- Diabetes, Endocrinology and Obesity Branch, NIDDK, NIH
| | - Frank J. Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH)
| | - Yaron Rotman
- Liver and Energy Metabolism Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland; Liver Diseases Branch, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland.
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Meister J, Bone DBJ, Knudsen JR, Barella LF, Velenosi TJ, Akhmedov D, Lee RJ, Cohen AH, Gavrilova O, Cui Y, Karsenty G, Chen M, Weinstein LS, Kleinert M, Berdeaux R, Jensen TE, Richter EA, Wess J. Clenbuterol exerts antidiabetic activity through metabolic reprogramming of skeletal muscle cells. Nat Commun 2022; 13:22. [PMID: 35013148 PMCID: PMC8748640 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27540-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of the sympathetic nervous system causes pronounced metabolic changes that are mediated by multiple adrenergic receptor subtypes. Systemic treatment with β2-adrenergic receptor agonists results in multiple beneficial metabolic effects, including improved glucose homeostasis. To elucidate the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms, we chronically treated wild-type mice and several newly developed mutant mouse strains with clenbuterol, a selective β2-adrenergic receptor agonist. Clenbuterol administration caused pronounced improvements in glucose homeostasis and prevented the metabolic deficits in mouse models of β-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance. Studies with skeletal muscle-specific mutant mice demonstrated that these metabolic improvements required activation of skeletal muscle β2-adrenergic receptors and the stimulatory G protein, Gs. Unbiased transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses showed that chronic β2-adrenergic receptor stimulation caused metabolic reprogramming of skeletal muscle characterized by enhanced glucose utilization. These findings strongly suggest that agents targeting skeletal muscle metabolism by modulating β2-adrenergic receptor-dependent signaling pathways may prove beneficial as antidiabetic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslawna Meister
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Derek B J Bone
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jonas R Knudsen
- Departments of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, København, Denmark
| | - Luiz F Barella
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Thomas J Velenosi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Dmitry Akhmedov
- Departments of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, Houston Medical School, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Regina J Lee
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Amanda H Cohen
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Oksana Gavrilova
- Mouse Metabolism Core, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Yinghong Cui
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Gerard Karsenty
- Departments of Genetics and Development, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Min Chen
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Lee S Weinstein
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Maximilian Kleinert
- Departments of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, København, Denmark
- Muscle Physiology and Metabolism Group, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Rebecca Berdeaux
- Departments of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, Houston Medical School, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Thomas E Jensen
- Departments of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, København, Denmark
| | - Erik A Richter
- Departments of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, København, Denmark
| | - Jürgen Wess
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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7
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Brocker CN, Kim D, Melia T, Karri K, Velenosi TJ, Takahashi S, Aibara D, Bonzo JA, Levi M, Waxman DJ, Gonzalez FJ. Long non-coding RNA Gm15441 attenuates hepatic inflammasome activation in response to PPARA agonism and fasting. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5847. [PMID: 33203882 PMCID: PMC7673042 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19554-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Exploring the molecular mechanisms that prevent inflammation during caloric restriction may yield promising therapeutic targets. During fasting, activation of the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) promotes the utilization of lipids as an energy source. Herein, we show that ligand activation of PPARα directly upregulates the long non-coding RNA gene Gm15441 through PPARα binding sites within its promoter. Gm15441 expression suppresses its antisense transcript, encoding thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP). This, in turn, decreases TXNIP-stimulated NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation, caspase-1 (CASP1) cleavage, and proinflammatory interleukin 1β (IL1B) maturation. Gm15441-null mice were developed and shown to be more susceptible to NLRP3 inflammasome activation and to exhibit elevated CASP1 and IL1B cleavage in response to PPARα agonism and fasting. These findings provide evidence for a mechanism by which PPARα attenuates hepatic inflammasome activation in response to metabolic stress through induction of lncRNA Gm15441.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad N Brocker
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Donghwan Kim
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Tisha Melia
- Department of Biology and Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Kritika Karri
- Department of Biology and Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Thomas J Velenosi
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Shogo Takahashi
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
- Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Daisuke Aibara
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Jessica A Bonzo
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Moshe Levi
- Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - David J Waxman
- Department of Biology and Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA.
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Velenosi TJ, Krausz KW, Gonzalez FJ. Abstract 4366: Characterization of diacetylspermine as a metabolic urinary biomarker in breast cancer using patient-derived xenografts. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2019-4366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease and is currently diagnosed using clinical biomarkers to classify tumors and guide therapy. However, drug resistance is a major cause of treatment failure and current methods can only detect resistance after several months following drug therapy. Thus, there is a need for novel biomarkers to track breast cancer prognosis, diagnosis, and to monitor therapeutic efficacy. Polyamines are polycations that support the production of nucleic acids and are necessary for transcription, DNA replication and cell cycle progression. The rate-liming step in polyamine catabolism is the acetylation of spermine and spermidine by spermine/spermidine acetyl-transferase (SAT1). Indeed, diacetylspermine has been identified as a clinical urinary biomarker of early and late stage breast cancer. Despite multiple clinical studies citing the potential for diacetylspermine as a cancer biomarker, the oncogenic events contributing to increased diacetylspermine production are largely unknown. To identify metabolic biomarkers of breast cancer progression and therapeutic efficacy, an untargeted metabolomics study was performed using urine samples from mice implanted with breast cancer patient derived xenografts (PDXs). NSG mice were engrafted with a doxorubicin sensitive (Dox-Sens) or a doxorubicin resistant (Dox-Res) PDX. When tumors reached 100-200 mm3, mice were administered intravenous doxorubicin (2 mg/kg) or vehicle control once weekly for three weeks. Mice were placed in metabolic cages for 24 hours after each treatment to collect urine. At 28 days, a final 24-hour urine collection was performed in the absence of drug treatment followed by euthanization (n = 9). Untargeted metabolomics revealed diacetylspermine as the most significantly altered metabolite in urine samples by two-way repeated measures ANOVA (p = 1.26x10-11, q = 4.82 x 10-8). Urinary diacetylspermine was correlated with growth of the Dox-Sens tumors and undetectable in urine from mice with Dox-Res tumors. Remarkably, when Dox-Sens mice were treated with doxorubicin, there was a further increase in diacetylspermine despite the decrease in tumor size. These results demonstrate the potential utility of urinary diacetylspermine as a biomarker for monitoring tumor growth and doxorubicin treatment efficacy. Furthermore, these breast cancer PDX models have provided an opportunity to characterize the mechanism of oncogenic diacetylspermine production and response to drug treatment.
Citation Format: Thomas J. Velenosi, Kristopher W. Krausz, Frank J. Gonzalez. Characterization of diacetylspermine as a metabolic urinary biomarker in breast cancer using patient-derived xenografts [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4366.
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Kucey AS, Velenosi TJ, Tonial NC, Tieu A, RaoPeters AAE, Urquhart BL. The effect of chronic kidney disease on CYP2B expression and activity in male Wistar rats. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2019; 7:e00475. [PMID: 31049204 PMCID: PMC6484215 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by progressive reduction in kidney function over time. CKD affects greater than 10% of the population and its incidence is on the rise due to the growing prevalence of its risk factors. Previous studies demonstrated CKD alters nonrenal clearance of drugs in addition to reducing renal clearance. We assessed the function and expression of hepatic CYP2B enzymes using a rat model of CKD. CKD was induced in Wistar rats by supplementing their chow with adenine and confirmed through the detection of elevated uremic toxins in plasma. Liver enzymes AST and ALT were unchanged by the adenine diet. Bupropion was used as a probe substrate for hepatic CYP2B function using rat liver microsomes. The resulting metabolite, hydroxy-bupropion, and bupropion were quantified by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Level of mRNA and protein were determined by RT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. The results of our study demonstrate that CYP2B1 is downregulated in a rat model of CKD. CYP2B1 mRNA level was significantly decreased (88%, P < 0.001) in CKD relative to control. Similarly, maximal enzymatic velocity (Vmax) for CYP2B was decreased by 46% in CKD relative to control (P < 0.0001). Previous studies involving patients with CKD demonstrated altered bupropion pharmacokinetics compared to control. Hence, our results suggest that these alterations may be mediated by attenuated CYP2B hepatic metabolism. This finding may partially explain the alterations in pharmacokinetics and nonrenal drug clearance frequently observed in patients with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S. Kucey
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologySchulich School of Medicine and DentistryLondonOntarioCanada
| | - Thomas J. Velenosi
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologySchulich School of Medicine and DentistryLondonOntarioCanada
| | - Nicholas C. Tonial
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologySchulich School of Medicine and DentistryLondonOntarioCanada
| | - Alvin Tieu
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologySchulich School of Medicine and DentistryLondonOntarioCanada
| | - Adrien A. E. RaoPeters
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologySchulich School of Medicine and DentistryLondonOntarioCanada
| | - Brad L. Urquhart
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologySchulich School of Medicine and DentistryLondonOntarioCanada
- Lawson Health Research InstituteLondonOntarioCanada
- Department of Medicine Division of NephrologySchulich School of Medicine and DentistryLondonOntarioCanada
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10
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Velenosi TJ, Thomson BKA, Tonial NC, RaoPeters AAE, Mio MA, Lajoie GA, Garg AX, House AA, Urquhart BL. Untargeted metabolomics reveals N, N, N-trimethyl-L-alanyl-L-proline betaine (TMAP) as a novel biomarker of kidney function. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6831. [PMID: 31048706 PMCID: PMC6497643 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42992-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis and prognosis of chronic kidney disease (CKD) currently relies on very few circulating small molecules, which can vary by factors unrelated to kidney function. In end-stage renal disease (ESRD), these same small molecules are used to determine dialysis dose and dialytic clearance. Therefore, we aimed to identify novel plasma biomarkers to estimate kidney function in CKD and dialytic clearance in ESRD. Untargeted metabolomics was performed on plasma samples from patients with a single kidney, non-dialysis CKD, ESRD and healthy controls. For ESRD patients, pre- and post-dialysis plasma samples were obtained from several dialysis modalities. Metabolomics analysis revealed over 400 significantly different features in non-dialysis CKD and ESRD plasma compared to controls while less than 35 features were significantly altered in patients with a single kidney. N,N,N-trimethyl-L-alanyl-L-proline betaine (TMAP, AUROC = 0.815) and pyrocatechol sulfate (AUROC = 0.888) outperformed creatinine (AUROC = 0.745) in accurately identifying patients with a single kidney. Several metabolites accurately predicted ESRD; however, when comparing pre-and post-hemodialysis, TMAP was the most robust biomarker of dialytic clearance for all modalities (AUROC = 0.993). This study describes TMAP as a novel potential biomarker of kidney function and dialytic clearance across several hemodialysis modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Velenosi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, Ontario, Canada
| | - Benjamin K A Thomson
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicholas C Tonial
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adrien A E RaoPeters
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, Ontario, Canada
| | - Megan A Mio
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gilles A Lajoie
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amit X Garg
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, Ontario, Canada.,Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Canada.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew A House
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, Ontario, Canada.,Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Canada
| | - Bradley L Urquhart
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, Ontario, Canada. .,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, Ontario, Canada. .,Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Canada.
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11
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Pignanelli M, Bogiatzi C, Gloor G, Allen-Vercoe E, Reid G, Urquhart BL, Ruetz KN, Velenosi TJ, Spence JD. Moderate Renal Impairment and Toxic Metabolites Produced by the Intestinal Microbiome: Dietary Implications. J Ren Nutr 2019; 29:55-64. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jrn.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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12
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Takahashi S, Tanaka N, Fukami T, Xie C, Yagai T, Kim D, Velenosi TJ, Yan T, Krausz KW, Levi M, Gonzalez FJ. Role of Farnesoid X Receptor and Bile Acids in Hepatic Tumor Development. Hepatol Commun 2018; 2:1567-1582. [PMID: 30556042 PMCID: PMC6287584 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide, and an association between altered bile acid (BA) metabolism, down‐regulation of farnesoid X receptor (FXR), which is a master regulator of BA metabolism, and hepatocarcinogenesis has been documented. While global FXR deficiency in mice results in spontaneous HCC with aging, the contribution of tissue‐specific FXR deficiency to hepatocarcinogenesis remains unclear. In this study, the prevalence of hepatic tumors, expression of genes related to tumorigenesis, and serum/liver BA levels were compared among male whole‐body Fxr‐null, hepatocyte‐specific Fxr‐null (Fxr∆Hep), and enterocyte‐specific Fxr‐null (Fxr∆IE) mice at the age of 3, 14, and 20 months. More than 90% of 20‐month‐old whole‐body Fxr‐null mice had hepatic tumors with enhanced hepatic expression of myelocytomatosis oncogene (Myc) and cyclin‐dependent kinase 4 (Cdk4) messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and elevated serum taurocholate (TCA) and tauromuricholate (TMCA) and their respective unconjugated derivatives. The incidence of hepatic tumors was significantly lower in Fxr∆Hep and Fxr∆IE mice (20% and 5%, respectively), and the increases in Myc and Cdk4 mRNA or serum BA concentrations were not detected in these mice compared to Fxrfloxed [fl]/fl mice; a similar tendency was observed in 14‐month‐old mice. However, increased hepatic c‐Myc protein expression was found only in Fxr‐null mice at the age of 3, 14, and 20 months. Treatment with TCA induced Myc expression in Fxr‐null cultured primary mouse hepatocytes but not in wild‐type (WT) mouse hepatocytes, demonstrating that the combination of hepatocyte FXR disruption with elevated TCA is required for Myc induction and ensuing age‐dependent hepatocarcinogenesis in Fxr‐null mice. Conclusion: There is a relatively low risk of hepatic tumors by inhibition of FXR in enterocytes, likely due to the lack of increased TCA and Myc induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Takahashi
- Laboratory of Metabolism National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology Georgetown University Washington DC
| | - Naoki Tanaka
- Department of Metabolic Regulation Shinshu University School of Medicine Matsumoto Japan.,International Research Center for Agricultural Food Industry Shinshu University Matsumoto Japan
| | - Tatsuki Fukami
- Laboratory of Metabolism National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD.,Present address: Department of Drug Metabolism and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Kanazawa University Kanazawa Japan
| | - Cen Xie
- Laboratory of Metabolism National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD
| | - Tomoki Yagai
- Laboratory of Metabolism National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD
| | - Donghwan Kim
- Laboratory of Metabolism National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD
| | - Thomas J Velenosi
- Laboratory of Metabolism National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD
| | - Tingting Yan
- Laboratory of Metabolism National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD
| | - Kristopher W Krausz
- Laboratory of Metabolism National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD
| | - Moshe Levi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology Georgetown University Washington DC
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD
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13
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Brocker CN, Patel DP, Velenosi TJ, Kim D, Yan T, Yue J, Li G, Krausz KW, Gonzalez FJ. Extrahepatic PPARα modulates fatty acid oxidation and attenuates fasting-induced hepatosteatosis in mice. J Lipid Res 2018; 59:2140-2152. [PMID: 30158201 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m088419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PPARα (PPARA), expressed in most oxidative tissues, is a major regulator of lipid homeostasis; hepatic PPARA plays a critical role during the adaptive fasting response by promoting FA oxidation (FAO). To clarify whether extrahepatic PPARA activity can protect against lipid overload when hepatic PPARA is impaired, lipid accumulation was compared in WT (Ppara +/+), total body Ppara-null (Ppara -/-), and hepatocyte-specific Ppara-null (Ppara ΔHep) mice that were fasted for 24 h. Histologic staining indicated reduced lipid accumulation in Ppara ΔHep versus Ppara -/- mice, and biochemical analyses revealed diminished medium- and long-chain FA accumulation in Ppara ΔHep mouse livers. Hepatic PPARA target genes were suppressed in both mouse models. Serum FFAs increased in all genotypes after fasting but were highest in Ppara -/- mice. In Ppara ΔHep mice, FAO genes were increased in brown adipose tissue, heart, and muscle, and total lipase activity was elevated in the muscle and heart, suggesting increased lipid utilization. Thus, extrahepatic PPARA activity reduces systemic lipid load when hepatic lipid metabolism is impaired by elevating FAO and lipase activity in other tissues and, as a result, protects against fasting-induced hepatosteatosis. This has important clinical implications in disease states with impaired hepatic PPARA function, such as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad N Brocker
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Daxesh P Patel
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Thomas J Velenosi
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Donghwan Kim
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Tingting Yan
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Jiang Yue
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Guolin Li
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Kristopher W Krausz
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
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14
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Bogiatzi C, Gloor G, Allen-Vercoe E, Reid G, Wong RG, Urquhart BL, Dinculescu V, Ruetz KN, Velenosi TJ, Pignanelli M, Spence JD. Metabolic products of the intestinal microbiome and extremes of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 2018; 273:91-97. [PMID: 29702430 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS There is increasing awareness that the intestinal microbiome plays an important role in human health. We investigated its role in the burden of carotid atherosclerosis, measured by ultrasound as total plaque area. METHODS Multiple regression with traditional risk factors was used to identify three phenotypes among 316/3056 patients attending vascular prevention clinics. Residual score (RES; i.e. the distance off the regression line, similar to standard deviation) was used to identify the 5% of patients with much less plaque than predicted by their risk factors (Protected, RES <-2), the 90% with about as much plaque as predicted (Explained, RES -2 to 2), and the 5% with much more plaque than predicted (Unexplained RES >2). Metabolic products of the intestinal microbiome that accumulate in renal failure - gut-derived uremic toxins (GDUT) - were assayed in plasma by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. RESULTS Plasma levels of trimethylamine n-oxide (TMAO), p-cresyl sulfate, p-cresyl glucuronide, and phenylacetylglutamine were significantly lower among patients with the Protected phenotype, and higher in those with the Unexplained phenotype, despite no significant differences in renal function or in dietary intake of nutrient precursors of GDUT. In linear multiple regression with a broad panel of risk factors, TMAO (p = 0.011) and p-cresyl sulfate (p = 0.011) were significant independent predictors of carotid plaque burden. CONCLUSIONS The intestinal microbiome appears to play an important role in atherosclerosis. These findings raise the possibility of novel approaches to treatment of atherosclerosis such as fecal transplantation and probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysi Bogiatzi
- Stroke Prevention & Atherosclerosis Research Centre, Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Canada; Dept. of Neurology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Gregory Gloor
- Dept. Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Emma Allen-Vercoe
- Dept. Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Gregor Reid
- Depts. of Urology and Microbiology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Ruth G Wong
- Dept. Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Bradley L Urquhart
- Dept. Physiology & Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry Western University, London, Canada
| | | | - Kelsey N Ruetz
- Dept. Physiology & Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry Western University, London, Canada
| | - Thomas J Velenosi
- Dept. Physiology & Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry Western University, London, Canada
| | - Michael Pignanelli
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry M.D. Candidate (CIHR Summer Research Training Program), Canada
| | - J David Spence
- Stroke Prevention & Atherosclerosis Research Centre, Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Canada; Divisions of Neurology and Clinical Pharmacology, Western University, London, Canada.
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15
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Tieu A, Velenosi TJ, Kucey AS, Weir MA, Urquhart BL. β-Blocker Dialyzability in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2018; 13:604-611. [PMID: 29519953 PMCID: PMC5969458 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.07470717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES There is a paucity of data available to describe drug dialyzability. Of the available information, most was obtained before implementation of modern hemodialysis membranes. Our study characterized dialyzability of the most commonly prescribed β-blockers in patients undergoing high-flux hemodialysis. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS Patients on hemodialysis (n=8) were recruited to an open label, pharmacokinetic, four-way crossover trial. Single doses of atenolol, metoprolol, bisoprolol, and carvedilol were administered on separate days in random order to each patient. Plasma and dialysate drug concentrations were measured, and dialyzability was determined by the recovery clearance and arterial venous difference methods. RESULTS Using the recovery clearance method, the dialytic clearance values for atenolol, metoprolol, bisoprolol, and carvedilol were 72, 87, 44, and 0.2 ml/min, respectively (P<0.001). Applying the arterial venous difference method, the dialytic clearance values of atenolol, metoprolol, bisoprolol, and carvedilol were 167, 114, 96, and 24 ml/min, respectively (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Atenolol and metoprolol are extensively cleared by hemodialysis compared with the negligible dialytic clearance of carvedilol. Contrary to estimates of dialyzability on the basis of previous literature, our data indicate that bisoprolol is also dialyzable. This finding highlights the importance of conducting dialyzability studies to definitively characterize drug dialytic clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvin Tieu
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and
| | | | | | - Matthew A. Weir
- Division of Nephrology, and
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Bradley L. Urquhart
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; and
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
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16
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Velenosi TJ, Hennop A, Feere DA, Tieu A, Kucey AS, Kyriacou P, McCuaig LE, Nevison SE, Kerr MA, Urquhart BL. Untargeted plasma and tissue metabolomics in rats with chronic kidney disease given AST-120. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22526. [PMID: 26932318 PMCID: PMC4773761 DOI: 10.1038/srep22526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) results in the accumulation of metabolic waste products that are normally cleared by the kidney, known as uremia. Many of these waste products are from bacteria metabolites in the gut. Accumulation of uremic toxins in plasma and tissue, as well as the gut-plasma-tissue metabolic axis are important for understanding pathophysiological mechanisms of comorbidities in CKD. In this study, an untargeted metabolomics approach was used to determine uremic toxin accumulation in plasma, liver, heart and kidney tissue in rats with adenine-induced CKD. Rats with CKD were also given AST-120, a spherical carbon adsorbent, to assess metabolic changes in plasma and tissues with the removal of gut-derived uremic toxins. AST-120 decreased >55% of metabolites that were increased in plasma, liver and heart tissue of rats with CKD. CKD was primarily defined by 8 gut-derived uremic toxins, which were significantly increased in plasma and all tissues. These metabolites were derived from aromatic amino acids and soy protein including: indoxyl sulfate, p-cresyl sulfate, hippuric acid, phenyl sulfate, pyrocatechol sulfate, 4-ethylphenyl sulfate, p-cresol glucuronide and equol 7-glucuronide. Our results highlight the importance of diet and gut-derived metabolites in the accumulation of uremic toxins and define the gut-plasma-tissue metabolic axis in CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Velenosi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anzel Hennop
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - David A Feere
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alvin Tieu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew S Kucey
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Polydoros Kyriacou
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Laura E McCuaig
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephanie E Nevison
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael A Kerr
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Bradley L Urquhart
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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17
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Thomson BK, Nolin TD, Velenosi TJ, Feere DA, Knauer MJ, Asher LJ, House AA, Urquhart BL. Effect of CKD and Dialysis Modality on Exposure to Drugs Cleared by Nonrenal Mechanisms. Am J Kidney Dis 2015; 65:574-82. [DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2014.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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18
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Feere DA, Velenosi TJ, Urquhart BL. Effect of erythropoietin on hepatic cytochrome P450 expression and function in an adenine-fed rat model of chronic kidney disease. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:201-13. [PMID: 25219905 PMCID: PMC4280978 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Revised: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Erythropoietin (EPO) is used to treat anaemia associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Hypoxia is associated with anaemia and is known to cause a decrease in cytochrome P450 (P450) expression. As EPO production is regulated by hypoxia, we investigated the role of EPO on P450 expression and function. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Male Wistar rats were subjected to a 0.7% adenine diet for 4 weeks to induce CKD. The diet continued for an additional 2 weeks while rats received EPO by i.p. injection every other day. Following euthanasia, hepatic P450 mRNA and protein expression were determined. Hepatic enzyme activity of selected P450s was determined and chromatin immunoprecipitation was used to characterize binding of nuclear receptors involved in the transcriptional regulation of CYP2C and CYP3A. KEY RESULTS EPO administration decreased hepatic mRNA and protein expression of CYP3A2 (P < 0.05), but not CYP2C11. Similarly, EPO administration decreased CYP3A2 protein expression by 81% (P < 0.001). A 32% decrease (P < 0.05) in hepatic CYP3A enzymatic activity (Vmax ) was observed for the formation of 6βOH-testosterone in the EPO-treated group. Decreases in RNA pol II recruitment (P < 0.01), hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α binding (P < 0.05) and pregnane X receptor binding (P < 0.01) to the promoter region of CYP3A were also observed in EPO-treated rats. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our data show that EPO decreases the expression and function of CYP3A, but not CYP2C in rat liver.
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MESH Headings
- Adenine
- Animals
- Constitutive Androstane Receptor
- Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/genetics
- Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/metabolism
- Diet
- Disease Models, Animal
- Erythropoietin/pharmacology
- Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4/genetics
- Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4/metabolism
- Kidney/pathology
- Liver/drug effects
- Liver/metabolism
- Male
- Microsomes, Liver/drug effects
- Microsomes, Liver/enzymology
- Pregnane X Receptor
- RNA Polymerase II/genetics
- RNA Polymerase II/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/metabolism
- Receptors, Steroid/genetics
- Receptors, Steroid/metabolism
- Recombinant Proteins/pharmacology
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/metabolism
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Feere
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
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19
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Velenosi TJ, Feere DA, Sohi G, Hardy DB, Urquhart BL. Decreased nuclear receptor activity and epigenetic modulation associates with down-regulation of hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes in chronic kidney disease. FASEB J 2014; 28:5388-97. [PMID: 25208844 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-258780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) require many medications. CYP2C and CYP3A drug-metabolizing enzymes play a critical role in determining the pharmacokinetics of the majority of prescribed medications. These enzymes are transcriptionally regulated by the nuclear receptors pregnane X receptor (PXR) and hepatic nuclear factor 4α (HNF-4α). Expression of CYP2C and CYP3A is decreased in CKD; however, the mechanisms by which this occurs is unknown. We induced CKD in rats by 5/6 nephrectomy and used chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) to determine nuclear receptor- and epigenetic alteration-mediated differences in the promoter region of the CYP2C and CYP3A genes. RNA polymerase II and HNF-4α binding was decreased 76 and 57% in the CYP2C11 promotor and 71 and 77% in the CYP3A2 promoter, respectively (P<0.05). ChIP also revealed a 57% decrease in PXR binding to the CYP3A2 promoter in CKD rats (P<0.05). The decrease in PXR and HNF-4α binding was accompanied by diminished histone 4 acetylation in the CYP3A2 promoter (48%) and histone 3 acetylation in the CYP2C11 (77%) and CYP3A2 (77%) promoter loci for nuclear receptor activation (P<0.05). This study suggests that decreased nuclear receptor binding and histone acetylation may contribute to the mechanism of drug-metabolizing enzyme down-regulation and altered pharmacokinetics in CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Daniel B Hardy
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and
| | - Bradley L Urquhart
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; and
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20
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is the progressive decline in renal function over time. Patients with end-stage renal disease require renal replacement therapy such as hemodialysis to support life. Hemodialysis patients require several medications to treat a variety of comorbid conditions. Polypharmacy accompanied by alterations in the pharmacokinetics of medications places hemodialysis patients at increased risk of drug accumulation and adverse events. AREAS COVERED We review alterations in the pharmacokinetics of drugs in hemodialysis patients. The major areas of pharmacokinetics, absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion, are covered and, where appropriate, differences between dialysis patients and non-dialysis CKD patients are compared. In addition, we review the importance of drug dialyzability and its potential impact on drug efficacy. Finally, we describe important clinical examples demonstrating nonrenal drug clearance is significantly altered in CKD. EXPERT OPINION Decreases in renal drug excretion experienced by hemodialysis patients have been known for years. Recent animal and human clinical pharmacokinetic studies have highlighted that nonrenal clearance of drugs is also substantially decreased in CKD. Clinical pharmacokinetic studies are required to determine the optimal dosage of drugs in CKD and hemodialysis patients in order to decrease the incidence of adverse medication events in these patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Velenosi
- Western University, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology , London, Ontario , Canada
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21
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Gan XT, Taniai S, Zhao G, Huang CX, Velenosi TJ, Xue J, Urquhart BL, Karmazyn M. CD73-TNAP crosstalk regulates the hypertrophic response and cardiomyocyte calcification due to α1 adrenoceptor activation. Mol Cell Biochem 2014; 394:237-46. [PMID: 24894822 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-014-2100-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Cluster of differentiation 73 (CD73) is an ecto-5' nucleotidase which catalyzes the conversion of AMP to adenosine. One of the many functions of adenosine is to suppress the activity of tissue nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP), an enzyme important in regulating intracellular calcification. Since myocardial calcification is associated with various cardiac disease states, we studied the individual roles and crosstalk between CD73 and TNAP in regulating myocyte responses to the α1 adrenoceptor agonist phenylephrine in terms of calcification and hypertrophy. Cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were treated with 10 µM phenylephrine for 24 h in the absence or presence of the stable adenosine analog 2-chloro-adenosine, the TNAP inhibitor tetramisole or the CD73 inhibitor α,β-methylene ADP. Phenylephrine produced marked hypertrophy as evidenced by significant increases in myocyte surface area and ANP gene expression, as well as calcification determined by Alizarin Red S staining. These responses were associated with reduced CD73 gene and protein expression and CD73 activity. Conversely, TNAP expression and activity were significantly increased although both were suppressed by 2-chloro-adenosine. CD73 inhibition alone significantly reduced myocyte-derived adenosine levels by >50 %, and directly induced hypertrophy and calcification in the absence of phenylephrine. These responses and those to phenylephrine were abrogated by TNAP inhibition. We conclude that TNAP contributes to the hypertrophic effect of phenylephrine, as well as its ability to produce cardiomyocyte calcification. These responses are minimized by CD73-dependent endogenously produced adenosine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Tracey Gan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada
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22
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Moazzen H, Lu X, Ma NL, Velenosi TJ, Urquhart BL, Wisse LJ, Gittenberger-de Groot AC, Feng Q. N-Acetylcysteine prevents congenital heart defects induced by pregestational diabetes. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2014; 13:46. [PMID: 24533448 PMCID: PMC3942143 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2840-13-46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pregestational diabetes is a major risk factor of congenital heart defects (CHDs). Glutathione is depleted and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production is elevated in diabetes. In the present study, we aimed to examine whether treatment with N-acetylcysteine (NAC), which increases glutathione synthesis and inhibits ROS production, prevents CHDs induced by pregestational diabetes. METHODS Female mice were treated with streptozotocin (STZ) to induce pregestational diabetes prior to breeding with normal males to produce offspring. Some diabetic mice were treated with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in drinking water from E0.5 to the end of gestation or harvesting of the embryos. CHDs were identified by histology. ROS levels, cell proliferation and gene expression in the fetal heart were analyzed. RESULTS Our data show that pregestational diabetes resulted in CHDs in 58% of the offspring, including ventricular septal defect (VSD), atrial septal defect (ASD), atrioventricular septal defects (AVSD), transposition of great arteries (TGA), double outlet right ventricle (DORV) and tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). Treatment with NAC in drinking water in pregestational diabetic mice completely eliminated the incidence of AVSD, TGA, TOF and significantly diminished the incidence of ASD and VSD. Furthermore, pregestational diabetes increased ROS, impaired cell proliferation, and altered Gata4, Gata5 and Vegf-a expression in the fetal heart of diabetic offspring, which were all prevented by NAC treatment. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with NAC increases GSH levels, decreases ROS levels in the fetal heart and prevents the development of CHDs in the offspring of pregestational diabetes. Our study suggests that NAC may have therapeutic potential in the prevention of CHDs induced by pregestational diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Qingping Feng
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada.
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23
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Sohi G, Barry EJ, Velenosi TJ, Urquhart BL, Hardy DB. Protein Restoration in Low-Birth-Weight Rat Offspring Derived from Maternal Low-Protein Diet Leads to Elevated Hepatic CYP3A and CYP2C11 Activity in Adulthood. Drug Metab Dispos 2013; 42:221-8. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.113.053538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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24
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Gan TX, Taniai S, Zhao G, Huang C, Velenosi TJ, Urquhart BL, Karmazyn M. Phenylephrine‐induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and calcification are regulated by CD73‐TNAP interaction and inhibited by adenosine receptor activation. FASEB J 2013. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.27.1_supplement.386.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tracey X Gan
- Physiology and PharmacologyUniversity of Western OntarioLondonONCanada
| | - Seiichi Taniai
- Physiology and PharmacologyUniversity of Western OntarioLondonONCanada
| | - Ganjian Zhao
- Physiology and PharmacologyUniversity of Western OntarioLondonONCanada
| | - Cathy Huang
- Physiology and PharmacologyUniversity of Western OntarioLondonONCanada
| | - Thomas J Velenosi
- Physiology and PharmacologyUniversity of Western OntarioLondonONCanada
| | | | - Morris Karmazyn
- Physiology and PharmacologyUniversity of Western OntarioLondonONCanada
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25
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Velenosi TJ, Fu AYN, Luo S, Wang H, Urquhart BL. Down-regulation of hepatic CYP3A and CYP2C mediated metabolism in rats with moderate chronic kidney disease. Drug Metab Dispos 2012; 40:1508-14. [PMID: 22573661 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.112.045245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Expression and activity of drug-metabolizing enzymes are decreased in severe kidney disease; however, only a small percentage of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at the final stage of the disease. This study aimed to determine the changes in drug-metabolizing enzyme function and expression in rats with varying degrees of kidney disease. Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to surgical procedures that allowed the generation of three distinct models of kidney function: normal kidney function, moderate kidney function, and severe kidney disease. Forty-two days after surgery, rats were sacrificed and hepatic CYP3A and CYP2C expression was determined. In addition, enzymatic activity was determined in liver microsomes by evaluating midazolam (CYP3A), testosterone (CYP3A and CYP2C), and tolbutamide (CYP2C) enzyme kinetics. Both moderate and severe kidney disease were associated with a reduction in CYP3A2 and CYP2C11 expression (p < 0.05). Likewise, moderate kidney disease resulted in more than a 60% decrease in enzyme activity (V(max)) for CYP2C11 and CYP3A, compared with controls (p < 0.05). When the degree of kidney disease was correlated with metabolic activity, an exponential decline in CYP2C- and CYP3A-mediated metabolism was observed. Our results demonstrate that CYP3A and CYP2C expression and activity are decreased in both moderate and severe CKD. Our data suggest that drug metabolism is significantly decreased in the earlier stages of CKD and imply that patients with moderate CKD may be subject to unpredictable pharmacokinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Velenosi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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26
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Cutler MJ, Urquhart BL, Velenosi TJ, Meyer Zu Schwabedissen HE, Dresser GK, Leake BF, Tirona RG, Kim RB, Freeman DJ. In vitro and in vivo assessment of renal drug transporters in the disposition of mesna and dimesna. J Clin Pharmacol 2011; 52:530-42. [PMID: 21505084 DOI: 10.1177/0091270011400414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Mesna and its dimer, dimesna, are coadministered for mitigation of ifosfamide- and cisplatin-induced toxicities, respectively. Dimesna is selectively reduced to mesna in the kidney, producing its protective effects. In vitro screens of uptake and efflux transporters revealed saturable uptake by renal organic anion transporters OAT1, OAT3, and OAT4. Efflux transporters breast cancer resistance protein; multidrug and toxin extrusion 1 (MATE1); multidrug resistance proteins MRP1, MRP2, MRP4, and MRP5; and P-glycoprotein (Pgp) significantly reduced dimesna accumulation. Further investigation demonstrated that renal apical efflux transporters MATE1, MRP2, and Pgp were also capable of mesna efflux. Administration of OAT inhibitor probenecid to healthy subjects significantly increased combined mesna and dimesna plasma exposure (91% ± 34%) while decreasing the renal clearance due to net secretion (67.0% ± 12.7%) and steady-state volume of distribution (45.2% ± 13.4%). Thus, the kidney represents a significant sink of total mesna, whereas function of renal drug transporters facilitates clearance in excess of glomerular filtration rate and likely the presence of active mesna in the urine. Loss of renal transporter function due to genetic variability or drug-drug interactions may decrease the efficacy of chemoprotectants, increasing the risk of ifosfamide- and cisplatin-induced toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Cutler
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
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