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Guan T, Zhang M, Su L. 624MO Retrospective analysis of clinical value of ctDNA in newly diagnosed diffuse large B cell lymphoma. Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.07.750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Abstract
This study aimed to analyse the protective effects of quercetin on the toxicity of cadmium (Cd) using metabonomics techniques. Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups (n = 10): control group (C), low-dose quercetin-treated group (Q1; 10 mg/kg bw/day), high-dose quercetin-treated group (Q2; 50 mg/kg bw/day), Cd-treated group (D; 4.89 mg/kg bw/day), low-dose quercetin plus Cd-treated group (DQ1) and high-dose quercetin plus Cd-treated group (DQ2). The rats continuously received quercetin and Cd via gavage and drinking water for 12 weeks, respectively. The rat urine samples were collected for metabonomics analysis. Finally, 10 metabolites were identified via the metabonomics profiles of the rat urine samples. Compared with the control group, the intensities of taurine, phosphocreatine, l-carnitine and uric acid were significantly decreased (p < 0.01) and those of LysoPC (18: 2 (9Z, 12Z)), guanidinosuccinic acid, dopamine, 2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2(2'-carboxyethyl)-6-hydroxychroman and allantoic acid were significantly increased (p < 0.01) in the Cd-treated group. However, the intensities of the aforementioned metabolites had restorative changes in the high-dose quercetin plus Cd-treated groups unlike those in Cd-treated group (p < 0.01 or p < 0.05). Results indicated that quercetin exerts protective effects on Cd-induced toxicity by regulating energy and lipid metabolism, enhancing the antioxidant defence system and protecting liver and kidney function and so on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - X Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - T Guan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - S Jia
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Y Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - X Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Qin YZ, Zhu LW, Lin S, Geng SX, Liu SW, Cheng H, Wu CY, Xiao M, Li XQ, Hu RP, Wang LL, Liu HY, Ma DX, Guan T, Ye YX, Niu T, Cen JN, Lu LS, Sun L, Yang TH, Wang YG, Li T, Wang Y, Li QH, Zhao XS, Li LD, Chen WM, Long LY, Huang XJ. [An interlaboratory comparison study on the detection of RUNX1-RUNX1T1 fusion transcript levels and WT1 transcript levels]. Zhonghua Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi 2019; 40:889-894. [PMID: 31856435 PMCID: PMC7342382 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2019.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the current status and real performance of the detection of RUNX1-RUNX1T1 fusion transcript levels and WT1 transcript levels in China through interlaboratory comparison. Methods: Peking University People's Hospital (PKUPH) prepared the samples for comparison. That is, the fresh RUNX1-RUNX1T1 positive (+) bone morrow nucleated cells were serially diluted with RUNX1-RUNX1T1 negative (-) nucleated cells from different patients. Totally 23 sets with 14 different samples per set were prepared. TRIzol reagent was added in each tube and thoroughly mixed with cells for homogenization. Each laboratory simultaneously tested RUNX1-RUNX1T1 and WT1 transcript levels of one set of samples by real-time quantitative PCR method. All transcript levels were reported as the percentage of RUNX1-RUNX1T1 or WT1 transcript copies/ABL copies. Spearman correlation coefficient between the reported transcript levels of each participated laboratory and those of PKUPH was calculated. Results: ①RUNX1-RUNX1T1 comparison: 9 samples were (+) and 5 were (-) , the false negative and positive rates of the 20 participated laboratories were 0 (0/180) and 5% (5/100) , respectively. The reported transcript levels of all 9 positive samples were different among laboratories. The median reported transcript levels of 9 positive samples were from 0.060% to 176.7%, which covered 3.5-log. The ratios of each sample's highest to the lowest reported transcript levels were from 5.5 to 12.3 (one result which obviously deviated from other laboratories' results was not included) , 85% (17/20) of the laboratories had correlation coefficient ≥0.98. ②WT1 comparison: The median reported transcript levels of all 14 samples were from 0.17% to 67.6%, which covered 2.6-log. The ratios of each sample's highest to the lowest reported transcript levels were from 5.3-13.7, 62% (13/21) of the laboratories had correlation coefficient ≥0.98. ③ The relative relationship of the reported RUNX1-RUNX1T1 transcript levels between the participants and PKUPH was not always consistent with that of WT1 transcript levels. Both RUNX1-RUNX1T1 and WT1 transcript levels from 2 and 7 laboratories were individually lower than and higher than those of PKUPH, whereas for the rest 11 laboratories, one transcript level was higher than and the other was lower than that of PKUPH. Conclusion: The reported RUNX1-RUNX1T1 and WT1 transcript levels were different among laboratories for the same sample. Most of the participated laboratories reported highly consistent result with that of PKUPH. The relationship between laboratories of the different transcript levels may not be the same.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Z Qin
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing 100044, China
| | - L W Zhu
- Beijing Hightrust Diagnostics Co., Ltd, Beijing 100176, China
| | - S Lin
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - S X Geng
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - S W Liu
- Harbin Institute of Hematology and Oncology, Harbin 150010, China
| | - H Cheng
- Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - C Y Wu
- Institute of Hematology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - M Xiao
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030
| | - X Q Li
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Application, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022
| | - R P Hu
- Department of Hematology, Bethune First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021
| | - L L Wang
- Department of Hematology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - H Y Liu
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - D X Ma
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - T Guan
- Department of Hematology, Shanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan 030000, China
| | - Y X Ye
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - T Niu
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - J N Cen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - L S Lu
- Tianjin Sino-us Diagnostics Co., Ltd, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - L Sun
- Wuhan Kindstar Diagnostics Co., Ltd, Wuhan 430075, China
| | - T H Yang
- Department of Hematology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650034, China
| | - Y G Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - T Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Y Wang
- The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Q H Li
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - X S Zhao
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing 100044, China
| | - L D Li
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing 100044, China
| | - W M Chen
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing 100044, China
| | - L Y Long
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing 100044, China
| | - X J Huang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing 100044, China
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Kang Y, Wang X, Zhang L, Chen Z, Guan T, Dong Y, Zheng C, Wang Z, Gao R. BLOOD PRESSURE RESPONSES TO SHORT-TERM AMBIENT TEMPERATURE EXPOSURES IN CHINA. J Hypertens 2019. [DOI: 10.1097/01.hjh.0000570780.71925.0f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Guan T, Wu HJ, Zhang LJ, Xu DJ, Zheng LB, Yao YF. [A novel VSX1 gene mutation identified in a sporadic keratoconus patient from China]. Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi 2019. [PMID: 29518881 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0412-4081.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the possibility of the visual system homeobox 1 (VSX1) gene as a candidate susceptibility gene for Chinese patients with sporadic keratoconus, and to identify sequence variants of the VSX1 gene in such patients. Methods: Cross-sectional study. Genomic DNA was extracted from the leukocytes in the peripheral venous blood of 50 patients with sporadic keratoconus and 50 control subjects without this ocular disorder. Five exons and the intron-exon splicing of the VSX1 gene were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The PCR products were directly sequenced and compared to the GeneBank database to find mutations. Bioinformatics analysis was done to predict the influence of these mutations on proteins. Results: One novel missense heterozygous mutation (p.R131P) was found in exon 1 of the VSX1 gene in one keratoconus patient. Another heterozygous mutation (p.G160V) in exon 2 was found in two keratoconus patients. These mutations were not detected in the control subjects. Bioinformatics analysis predicted that the p.R131P mutation may not cause a pathogenic change, but the p.G160V mutation might be functionally deleterious. In intron 3 of the VSX1 gene, the nucleotide substitution of g.8326G>A was detected to be heterozygous in 3 cases of sporadic keratoconus and 4 cases of control and homozygous in 2 cases of sporadic keratoconus and 1 case of control. The variation of g.8326G>A belonged to a single polymorphism change of the VSX1 gene. Conclusions: The p.R131P detected in this study is a novel mutation of the VSX1 gene. Sequence variants of the VSX1 gene were identified for the first time in Chinese patients with sporadic keratoconus, but their precise role in disease causation requires further investigations. (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2018, 54: 212-217).
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Affiliation(s)
- T Guan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taizhou Municipal Hospital, Taizhou 318000, China
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Guan T, He N, Li M, Zhang DL, Zhao CH, Qian ZY. [Reproductive and developmental toxicity of 2- (2H-1, 2, 3-benzotriazol-2-yl) -4-methyl-6- (2-methylpropen-2-yl) phenol in mice: an experimental study]. Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi 2018; 36:50-52. [PMID: 29495182 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1001-9391.2018.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the reproductive and developmental toxicity of 2- (2H-1, 2, 3-benzotriazol-2-yl) -4-methyl-6- (2-methylpropen-2-yl) phenol in mice and to provide a basis for its risk assessment. Methods: The reproductive and developmental toxicity of 2- (2H-1, 2, 3-benzotriazol-2-yl) -4-methyl-6- (2-methylpropen-2-yl) phenol was tested using the screening method of chemicals with reproductive and developmental toxicity in "Chemical Testing Method" (SEPA). After five days of adaptive feeding, 120 specific pathogen-free healthy Kunming mice (male/female ratio=1:1) were orally administered 0 (control) , 146, 292, and 584 mg/kg 2- (2H-1, 2, 3-benzotriazol-2-yl) -4-methyl-6- (2-methylpropen-2-yl) phenol for two weeks. One male mouse was mated with one female mouse in a single cage. The day on which a vaginal plug was observed was defined as gestation day 0 (GD0). The exposure for female mice was sustained to four days postpartum and the exposure for male mice was sustained for two weeks after mating. The body weight, food intake, body length, tail length, and sex ratio were recorded and the reproductive index was calculated. The reproductive organs were weighed and subjected to histopathological examination. Results: The 584 mg/kg group had significantly lower body weight at weeks 5 and 6 and food intake at week 6 in male mice, uterus weight and uterus/body weight ratio in female mice, and body weight, body length, and tail length on day 0 in offspring compared with the control group (all P<0.05). The 292 mg/kg group had significantly lower testis weight of male mice and food intake of female mice at gestational week 2 than the control group (both P<0.05). The 146 mg/kg group had significantly lower food intake of female mice at gestational week 2 than the control group (P<0.05) . Conclusion: For male and female Kunming mice, the no observed adverse effect levels of 2- (2H-1, 2, 3, -benzotriazol-2-yl) -4-methyl-6- (2-methylpropen-2-yl) phenol are both 146 mg/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Guan
- Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin 300011, China
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Zhao XJ, Liu LY, Li C, Yan X, Gao ZP, Liu Y, Wang BD, Guan T, Wei ZQ. [Epidemiological characteristics of a cutaneous anthrax outbreak in Huairou District of Beijing]. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2017; 51:1050-1052. [PMID: 29136755 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-9624.2017.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- X J Zhao
- Department of Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Huairou District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 101400, China
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Tian G, Guan T. An Epidmilogical Study of Health Outcome among Internal Migrants in
Beijing, China. Ann Glob Health 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aogh.2017.03.413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Sun J, Zhao Y, Yang R, Guan T, Iorio A. The demographics, treatment characteristics and quality of life of adult people with haemophilia in China - results from the HERO study. Haemophilia 2016; 23:89-97. [PMID: 27599642 DOI: 10.1111/hae.13071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Sun
- Nanfang Hospital; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou China
| | - Y. Zhao
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital; Beijing China
| | - R. Yang
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital; CAMS & PUMC; Tianjin China
| | - T. Guan
- Hemophilia Home of China; Beijing China
| | - A. Iorio
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and Department of Medicine; McMaster University; Hamilton Ontario Canada
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Zhou J, Liu Y, Yang F, Wang X, Li H, Guan T, Wang J. 32P Heterogeneity study of surgical treatment patterns among 11 medical centers of China in 2013 – a study of 2040 patients based on the Chinese national NSCLC outcome registry. J Thorac Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s1556-0864(16)30146-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Amsbaugh M, Dragun A, Pan J, Rai S, Dunlap N, Silverman C, Guan T, Yusuf M, Woo S. Dose Volume Response Relationship for Brain Metastases Treated With Single Fraction Linear Accelerator Based Radiosurgery. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2015.07.826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Guo X, Song J, Guan T, Wang S, Wang Y, Meng Y, Guo J, Li T, Ma C, Wei J. Characterization of recombinant human gastrointestinal glutathione peroxidase mutant produced inEscherichia coli. Free Radic Res 2015; 49:228-35. [DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2014.995182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Dai C, Liang Y, Hao H, Zheng X, Xie L, Guan T, Zhou Y, Wang G. Global detection and identification of components from Yunnan Baiyao based on liquid chromatography hybrid ion trap time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:1935-44. [PMID: 23936913 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201300244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Yunnan Baiyao is a widely used herbal prescription in traditional medicine for the treatment of bleeding and hematological diseases, while its chemical profile remains elusive. In this work, a novel methodology combining polarity-directed extraction technique with a diagnostic ion filtering strategy based on LC hybrid ion trap TOF-MS analysis was developed for global, efficient, and rapid characterization of components in Yunnan Baiyao. Di-ethyl ether, n-butanol, and ethanol/water (70:30, v/v) covering low-to-high polarity ranges were chosen as the extraction solvent, respectively. The results clearly showed that, compared with conventional single extraction solvent, collaboratively using extraction solvents with different polarities can effectively increase the number of detected peaks and enrich the product ions information in multistage mass spectra analysis. By further matching diagnostic ions and fragmental pathways, a total of 34 components were successfully identified. Our work clearly demonstrates that integrating polarity-directed extraction and diagnostic ion filtering techniques is a powerful and reliable strategy for global detection and identification of complex chemicalome from herbal prescriptions, and may open new avenues for chemical analysis in other complex mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Dai
- State Key Lab of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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Wang Z, Zhou X, Li J, Liu X, Chen Z, Shen G, Guan T, Ye N, Wei X, Huang N, Yang L, Wei Y, Li J. Suppression of hepatoma tumor growth by systemic administration of the phytotoxin gelonin driven by the survivin promoter. Neoplasma 2013; 60:469-79. [PMID: 23790164 DOI: 10.4149/neo_2013_061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide. However, there is currently no effective therapy strategy in the clinical practice. Recombinant phytotoxin gelonin fused to other factors have been used to treat different cancers. But there have been no reports of gelonin gene therapy. In this study, we have constructed a recombinant plasmid which contained a tumor-specific survivin promoter to drive phytotoxin gelonin (pSur-Gel). And the cytotoxicity effects of pSur-Gel in HCC were also validated both in vitro and in vivo. The expression level of survivin was detected in different liver cancer cell lines and normal liver cell lines by western blot analysis, and a survivin promoter-driven green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression vectors (pSur-GFP) was also tested in liver cancer cell line HepG2 and normal liver cell line LO2. Moreover, phytotoxin gelonin expression experiment and cytotoxicity experiment of pSur-Gel was performed in HepG2 cells and LO2 cells in vitro. Furthermore, anti-tumor effect of pSur-Gel against HepG2 xenografts and toxicity of this gene were evaluated in the mice model. Finally, LDH release assay, apoptosis assay and immunoblot analyse LC3 conversion (LC3-I to LC3-II) were tested. We found that the expression of survivin protein was higher in liver cancer cell lines compared with the normal liver cells. Further study showed that the pSur-GFP and pSur-Gel was expressed specially in liver cancer cell other than in normal liver cells. pSur-Gel plasmid could effectively inhibit the proliferation of liver cancer cells (*P<0.05), and significantly repress the growth of HepG2 xenografts via intravenous in vivo (*P<0.05). Otherwise, compared to cytomegalovirus promoter-driven gelonin expression vectors (pCMV-Gel), no significantly systemic toxicity or organ injuries had been observed in pSur-Gel treated mice. Further studies revealed that the phytotoxin gelonin induced cell death might be mediated by apoptosis and the damage of cell membrane. Taken together, treating hepatocellular carcinoma with the pSur-Gel may be a novel and interesting cancer gene therapy protocol and is worthy of further development for future clinical trials. KEYWORDS liver cancer, gelonin, survivin promoter, gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Wang
- West China Hospital, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
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Liang Y, Zhou Y, Zhang J, Liu Y, Guan T, Wang Y, Xing L, Rao T, Zhou L, Hao K, Xie L, Wang GJ. In vitro to in vivo evidence of the inhibitor characteristics of Schisandra lignans toward P-glycoprotein. Phytomedicine 2013; 20:1030-1038. [PMID: 23731657 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2013.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Revised: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Concomitant administration of herbal medicines with drugs that are P-glycoprotein (P-gp) substrates may produce significant herb-drug interactions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of Schisandra lignans extract (SLE) on P-gp thoroughly in vitro and in vivo, and to investigate the possible P-gp-based herb-drug interactions. In the in vitro experiments, the effect of SLE on the uptake and transport for P-gp substrates in Caco-2, LLC-PK1 and L-MDR1 cells were carefully investigated. Verapamil, a known P-gp inhibitor, was used as a positive control drug. Results shown that, 10 μM verapamil and SLE (0.5, 2.0, and 10.0 μg/ml) were observed to significantly enhance the uptake and inhibit the efflux ratio of P-gp substrates in Caco-2 and L-MDR1 cells. In vivo experiments showed that single-dose SLE at 500 mg/kg could increase the area under the plasma concentration time curve of digoxin and vincrisine significantly without affecting terminal elimination half-time. Long-term treatment with SLE for continuous 10 days could also increase the absorption of P-gp substrates with greatly down regulation of P-gp expression in rat intestinal and brain tissues. In conclusion, SLE was a strong P-gp inhibitor, which indicated a potential herb-drug interaction when SLE was co-administered with P-gp substrate drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Liang Y, Guan T, Zhou Y, Liu Y, Xing L, Zheng X, Dai C, Du P, Rao T, Zhou L, Yu X, Hao K, Xie L, Wang G. Effect of mobile phase additives on qualitative and quantitative analysis of ginsenosides by liquid chromatography hybrid quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1297:29-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Revised: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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18
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Xie T, Liang Y, A J, Hao H, Liu L, Zheng X, Dai C, Zhou Y, Guan T, Liu Y, Xie L, Wang G. Post acquisition data processing techniques for lipid analysis by quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2012; 905:43-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2012] [Revised: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Dai C, Xiao W, Liang Y, Xie L, Wang G, Ding G, Meng Z, Zhang J, Guan T, Kang A, Zheng X, Xie T, Li C, Zhao Q, Liu W, Zhao L, Xu J. Validated liquid chromatography mass spectrometry method for quantitative determination of strictosamide in dog plasma and its application to pharmacokinetic study. Biomed Chromatogr 2011; 25:1338-42. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2010] [Accepted: 12/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Dai
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics; China Pharmaceutical University; No. 24, Tongjiaxiang Street; Nanjing; 210009; China
| | - Wei Xiao
- Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd; 58 Haichang South Road, Xinpu District; Lianyungang; 222001; China
| | - Yan Liang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics; China Pharmaceutical University; No. 24, Tongjiaxiang Street; Nanjing; 210009; China
| | - Lin Xie
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics; China Pharmaceutical University; No. 24, Tongjiaxiang Street; Nanjing; 210009; China
| | - Guangji Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics; China Pharmaceutical University; No. 24, Tongjiaxiang Street; Nanjing; 210009; China
| | | | | | | | - Tianye Guan
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics; China Pharmaceutical University; No. 24, Tongjiaxiang Street; Nanjing; 210009; China
| | - An Kang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics; China Pharmaceutical University; No. 24, Tongjiaxiang Street; Nanjing; 210009; China
| | - Xiao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics; China Pharmaceutical University; No. 24, Tongjiaxiang Street; Nanjing; 210009; China
| | - Tong Xie
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics; China Pharmaceutical University; No. 24, Tongjiaxiang Street; Nanjing; 210009; China
| | - Chunzhu Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics; China Pharmaceutical University; No. 24, Tongjiaxiang Street; Nanjing; 210009; China
| | - Qijin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics; China Pharmaceutical University; No. 24, Tongjiaxiang Street; Nanjing; 210009; China
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Chaudhri BP, Ceyssens F, Guan T, La Manna A, Neves HP, Van Hoof C, Puers R. High Strength, Polymer Microneedles For Transdermal Drug Delivery. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.proeng.2011.12.340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Chen J, Qin HJ, Yang F, Liu J, Guan T, Qu FM, Zhang GH, Shi JR, Xie XC, Yang CL, Wu KH, Li YQ, Lu L. Gate-voltage control of chemical potential and weak antilocalization in Bi₂Se₃. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 105:176602. [PMID: 21231064 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.176602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We report that Bi₂Se₃ thin films can be epitaxially grown on SrTiO₃ substrates, which allow for very large tunablity in carrier density with a back gate. The observed low field magnetoconductivity due to weak antilocalization (WAL) has a very weak gate-voltage dependence unless the electron density is reduced to very low values. Such a transition in WAL is correlated with unusual changes in longitudinal and Hall resistivities. Our results suggest a much suppressed bulk conductivity at large negative gate voltages and a possible role of surface states in the WAL phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Chen
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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22
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Wang J, Zuo G, Li J, Guan T, Li C, Jiang R, Xie B, Lin X, Li F, Wang Y, Chen D. Induction of tumoricidal activity in mouse peritoneal macrophages by ginseng polysaccharide. Int J Biol Macromol 2010; 46:389-95. [PMID: 20156477 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2010.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2009] [Revised: 02/08/2010] [Accepted: 02/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the effects of ginseng polysaccharide (GPS) on mouse peritoneal macrophage (PM)-mediated cytotoxicity towards K562, HL-60, or KG1alpha cells. GPS had no direct effect on killing of tumor cells. However, when mouse PMs were treated with GPS, cytotoxic activity against K562, HL-60, or KG1alpha cells was significantly induced. In addition, phagocytic activity was enhanced in GPS-treated mouse PMs compared to the control. The expressions of CD(68), ACP and alpha-ANE in mouse PMs were increased by the treatment with GPS. Moreover, the levels of cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6 were increased and the production of nitric oxide (NO) was enhanced. Taken together, these results suggest that GPS possess a potent antitumor activity by stimulating macrophage and a potentiality as an immunomodulator against diseases such as cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, China
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23
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Chen D, Zuo G, Li C, Hu X, Guan T, Jiang R, Li J, Lin X, Li F, Luo C, Wang H, Lei C, Long X, Wang Y, Wang J. Total saponins of Panax ginseng (TSPG) promote erythroid differentiation of human CD34+ cells via EpoR-mediated JAK2/STAT5 signaling pathway. J Ethnopharmacol 2009; 126:215-220. [PMID: 19735711 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2009.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2009] [Revised: 08/27/2009] [Accepted: 08/30/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Total saponins of Panax ginseng (TSPG), main constituents extracted from Panax ginseng, a highly valued traditional Chinese medicine, have been shown to be an effective agent on hematopoiesis. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect and mechanism underlying in which TSPG promote human CD34(+) hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells to differentiate into erythroid-lineage cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effect of TSPG on erythroid differentiation of purified CD34(+) cells derived from umbilical cord blood (UCB) was determined by methylcellulose assay system and colorimetry for hemoglobin content. The changes of EpoR expression in umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells (UCB-MNCs) and purified CD34(+) cells were detected with Western blotting and flow cytometry, respectively, and observed under laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM). RT-PCR was performed to examine EpoR mRNA expression in CD34(+) cells. The effects of TSPG-pretreatment on Epo-induced JAK(2) and STAT(5) tyrosine phosphorylation were analyzed by immunoprecipitation. RESULTS The addition of TSPG (20-70 mg/L) increased the colony formation rate of BFU-E. TSPG (50 mg/L) alone used significantly increased the hemoglobin content, the addition of AG490 evidently reduced TSPG-induced elevation of hemoglobin content. TSPG increased the expression of EpoR on the surface membrane of CD34(+) cells but did not change the expression of EpoR in total UCB-MNCs. TSPG also increased the expression of EpoR mRNA in CD34(+) cells. TSPG markedly enhanced Epo-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of JAK(2) and STAT(5) in UCB-MNCs. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that TSPG may enhance the erythroid differentiation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells via Epo/EpoR-mediated JAK(2)/STAT(5) signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Chen
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Lévesque L, Guzik B, Guan T, Coyle J, Black BE, Rekosh D, Hammarskjöld ML, Paschal BM. RNA export mediated by tap involves NXT1-dependent interactions with the nuclear pore complex. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:44953-62. [PMID: 11579093 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m106558200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear export of ribonucleoprotein complexes requires cis-acting signals and recognition by receptors that mediate translocation through the nuclear pore complex. Translocation is likely to involve a series of physical interactions between the ribonucleoprotein complex and nucleoporins within the nuclear pore complex. Here, we have characterized the function of NXT1 in the context of the Tap-dependent RNA export pathway. Tap has been implicated in the nuclear export of RNA transcripts derived from Mason-Pfizer monkey virus that contain the constitutive transport element. We demonstrate that NXT1 stimulates binding of a Tap-RNA complex to nucleoporins in vitro, and we provide mutational analysis that shows these interactions are necessary for nuclear export of an intron-containing viral mRNA in vivo. Tap contains separate domains for binding to nucleoporins and NXT1, both of which are critical for its export function. RNA export is mediated by a heterodimer of Tap and NXT1, and the function of NXT1 on this pathway is to regulate the affinity of the Tap-RNA complex for nucleoporins within the nuclear pore complex. We propose that NXT1-dependent binding of the Tap-RNA complex to the nucleoporin p62, which we have reconstituted in vitro using recombinant proteins, represents a single step of the translocation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Lévesque
- Center for Cell Signaling, Department of Biochemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA
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Chen Y, Sun R, Guan T, Zhang H. [The Raman spectra study on crystal-octadecyl hydrogen succinate crystal]. Guang Pu Xue Yu Guang Pu Fen Xi 2001; 21:202-203. [PMID: 12947621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Raman spectra of crystal-octadecyl hydrogen succinate (OHS), whose geometric disposition of the experiment has y(zx)y, y(zz)y, and y(xz)y,y(xx)y respectively, have been recorded and analyzed with the purpose of understanding the structure of OHS crystal. It shows that some of the Raman-active modes of alkyl chain appear polarization. The analysis for crystal structure indicates that the molecular of OHS arrange in layers along [100] and [001] by the mode of dimers, and the molecular layers of chain pile up along [010]. The other groups of OHS corresponding Raman vibration peaks have been analyzed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, 350002 Fuzhou
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27
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Chen Y, Sun R, Guan T, Zhang H. [The Raman spectra study on crystal-octadecyl hydrogen maleate (OHM)]. Guang Pu Xue Yu Guang Pu Fen Xi 2000; 20:842-843. [PMID: 12938489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Raman spectra of crystal-octadecyl hydrogen maleate (OHM), whose geometric disposition of the experiment has y (zx) y y(zz)y, and y(xz)y, y(xx)y respectively, have been recorded and analyzed with the purpose of understanding the structure of OHM crystal. It shows that some of the Raman-active modes of alkyl chain appear polarization. The analysis for crystal structure indicates that the molecular of OHM arrange in layers along [100] and [001] by the mode of dimers, and the molecular layers of chain pile up along [010]. The other groups of OHM corresponding Raman vibration peaks have been analysed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002
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Chen J, Guan T, Chen J, Gao R, Yao K, Yang Y, Qin X, Qiao S. [The relationship between clinical types of postinfarction angina and stenosis of ischemia-related artery]. Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi 2000; 39:594-6. [PMID: 11798524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To approach the pathogenesis of postinfarction angina and set up its treatment guidelines. METHODS 67 patients with postinfarction angina undergoing coronary angiography during the hospitalization were studied. RESULTS (1) According to the clinical classification of angina pectoris, spontaneous angina is the most common type (43.9%); mixed angina is second (25.7%), effort angina and variant angina are relatively low frequency (16.7% & 13.6%). (2) Stenosis >or= 90% in the ischemia-related artery accounted for the anginal symptoms constituted 100%, 82.8%, 72.7% and 44.4% of the cases with mixed angina, spontaneous angina, effort angina and variant angina respectively. (3) Postinfarction angina caused by non infarction-related artery was relatively less frequent (8.9%). CONCLUSIONS Severe residual stenosis of infarction-related artery is the main pathologic factor on the pathogenesis of postinfarction angina, so early interventional therapy or bypass surgery should be taken.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Chen
- Cardiovascular Institute and Fu Wai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
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Guan T, Kehlenbach RH, Schirmer EC, Kehlenbach A, Fan F, Clurman BE, Arnheim N, Gerace L. Nup50, a nucleoplasmically oriented nucleoporin with a role in nuclear protein export. Mol Cell Biol 2000; 20:5619-30. [PMID: 10891499 PMCID: PMC86026 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.20.15.5619-5630.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2000] [Accepted: 04/19/2000] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We present here a detailed analysis of a rat polypeptide termed Nup50 (formerly NPAP60) that was previously found to be associated with the nuclear pore complex (F. Fan et al., Genomics 40:444-453, 1997). We have found that Nup50 (and/or a related 70-kDa polypeptide) is present in numerous rat cells and tissues. By immunofluorescence microscopy, Nup50 was found to be highly concentrated at the nuclear envelope of rat liver nuclei, whereas in cultured NRK cells it also is abundant in intranuclear regions. On the basis of immunogold electron microscopy of both rat liver nuclear envelopes and NRK cells, we determined that Nup50 is specifically localized in the nucleoplasmic fibrils of the pore complex. Microinjection of anti-Nup50 antibodies into the nucleus of NRK cells resulted in strong inhibition of nuclear export of a protein containing a leucine-rich nuclear export sequence, whereas nuclear import of a protein containing a classical nuclear localization sequence was unaffected. Correspondingly, CRM1, the export receptor for leucine-rich export sequences, directly bound to a fragment of Nup50 in vitro, whereas several other import and export receptors did not significantly interact with this fragment. Taken together, our data indicate that Nup50 has a direct role in nuclear protein export and probably serves as a binding site on the nuclear side of the pore complex for export receptor-cargo complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Guan
- Departments of Cell and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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Abstract
Adenovirus (Ad) cell entry involves sequential interactions with host cell receptors that mediate attachment (CAR), internalization (alphavbeta3 and alphavbeta5), and penetration (alphavbeta5) of the endosomal membrane. These events allow the virus to deliver its genome to the nucleus. While integrins alphavbeta3 and alphavbeta5 both promote Ad internalization into cells, integrin alphavbeta5 selectively facilitates Ad-mediated membrane permeabilization and endosome rupture. In the experiments reported herein, we demonstrate that the intracellular domain of the integrin beta5 subunit specifically regulates Ad-mediated membrane permeabilization and gene delivery. CS-1 melanoma cells expressing a truncated integrin beta5 or a chimeric (beta5-beta3) cytoplasmic tail (CT) supported normal levels of Ad endocytosis but had reduced Ad-mediated gene delivery and membrane permeabilization relative to cells expressing a wild-type integrin beta5. Thin-section electron microscopy revealed that virion particles were capable of being endocytosed into cells expressing a truncated beta5CT, but they failed to escape cytoplasmic vesicles and translocate to the nucleus. Site-specific mutagenesis studies suggest that a C-terminal TVD motif in the beta5CT plays a major role in Ad membrane penetration.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Wang
- Department of Immunology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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Saphire AC, Guan T, Schirmer EC, Nemerow GR, Gerace L. Nuclear import of adenovirus DNA in vitro involves the nuclear protein import pathway and hsc70. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:4298-304. [PMID: 10660598 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.275.6.4298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenovirus, a respiratory virus with a double-stranded DNA genome, replicates in the nuclei of mammalian cells. We have developed a cytosol-dependent in vitro assay utilizing adenovirus nucleocapsids to examine the requirements for adenovirus docking to the nuclear pore complex and for DNA import into the nucleus. Our assay reveals that adenovirus DNA import is blocked by a competitive excess of classical protein nuclear localization sequences and other inhibitors of nuclear protein import and indicates that this process is dependent on hsc70. Previous work revealed that the hexon (coat) protein of adenovirus is the only major protein on the surface of the adenovirus nucleocapsid that docks at the nuclear pore complex. This, together with our finding that in vitro nuclear import of hexon is inhibited by an excess of classical nuclear localization sequences, suggests a role for the hexon protein in adenovirus DNA import. However, recombinant transport factors that are sufficient for hexon import in permeabilized cells do not support DNA import, indicating that there are other as yet unidentified factors required for this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Saphire
- Departments of Cell and Molecular Biology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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Chen H, Wang D, Guan T. [Measurement of boundary line of urinary bladder and peritoneum in abdominal wall and the application in performing cesarean section with urinary bladder reversal method]. Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke Za Zhi 1999; 34:467-9. [PMID: 11360595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide the basic research data and clinical application in performing extraperitoneal cesarean section (CS) with urinary bladder reversal method. METHODS The position and the surface projection of the vesico-peritoneal fold and the apex of the urinary bladder were measured in 107 cases of term pregnant women (37-42 weeks, aged 20-40). RESULTS The distance from the bladder apex to the umbilicus and to the symphysis pubis were (14.1 +/- 3.4) cm and (6.8 +/- 1.4) cm respectively, while from the utero-vesical pouch to umbilicus and symphysis pubis were (15.8 +/- 3.9) cm and (4.9 +/- 1.5) cm respectively. During late pregnancy the projection of bladder apex was located at the point between the middle and the lower 1/3 of the line from umbilicus to symphysis pubis; while the utero-vesical pouch was located at the point between upper 3/4 and the lower 1/4 of the same line. The time interval from the start of operation to the delivery of baby was (14.56 +/- 6.3) min, and the total operation period was (45.5 +/- 9.3) min. The largest baby weighed 5,050 gm and there was no bladder injury. CONCLUSION To define the position of vesical peritoneal fold would give benefit to the extraperitoneal CS with bladder reversal method which was performed under direct visualization and could avoid injury of bladder.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Chen
- Second Clinical College of China Medical University, Shenyang 110003
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Kehlenbach RH, Dickmanns A, Kehlenbach A, Guan T, Gerace L. A role for RanBP1 in the release of CRM1 from the nuclear pore complex in a terminal step of nuclear export. J Cell Biol 1999; 145:645-57. [PMID: 10330396 PMCID: PMC2133185 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.145.4.645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/1998] [Revised: 03/11/1999] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently developed an assay in which nuclear export of the shuttling transcription factor NFAT (nuclear factor of activated T cells) can be reconstituted in permeabilized cells with the GTPase Ran and the nuclear export receptor CRM1. We have now used this assay to identify another export factor. After preincubation of permeabilized cells with a Ran mutant that cannot hydrolyze GTP (RanQ69L), cytosol supports NFAT export, but CRM1 and Ran alone do not. The RanQ69L preincubation leads to accumulation of CRM1 at the cytoplasmic periphery of the nuclear pore complex (NPC) in association with the p62 complex and Can/Nup214. RanGTP-dependent association of CRM1 with these nucleoporins was reconstituted in vitro. By biochemical fractionation and reconstitution, we showed that RanBP1 restores nuclear export after the RanQ69L preincubation. It also stimulates nuclear export in cells that have not been preincubated with RanQ69L. RanBP1 as well as Ran-binding domains of the cytoplasmic nucleoporin RanBP2 promote the release of CRM1 from the NPC. Taken together, our results indicate that RanGTP is important for the targeting of export complexes to the cytoplasmic side of the NPC and that RanBP1 and probably RanBP2 are involved in the dissociation of nuclear export complexes from the NPC in a terminal step of transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- R H Kehlenbach
- Departments of Cell Biology and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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Liu Z, Guan T, Chen Z. [Insulin receptor substrate-1 and glucose transporter gene polymorphisms in noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 1998; 78:662-5. [PMID: 11038788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the role of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) and glucose transporter-1 (GLUT1) gene polymorphisms in Chinese patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and diabetic neophropathy (DN). METHODS Aminoacid polymorphism in codon 972 of IRS-1 gene and the polymorphic Xba I site of GLUT1 gene were analyzed by PCR-RFLP in 131 patients with NIDDM and 124 normal subjects. DN was defined as persistent albuminuria and/or impaired renal function, without known cause of renal diseases other than diabetes. Insulin sensitivity index (ISI) and body mass index (BMI) were also calculated. RESULTS The distribution of IRS-1 gene polymorphism showed no difference between patients with NIDDM and normal controls. The frequencies of Xba I (+/-) genotype (59% vs. 33%, P < 0.01) and Xba I (-) allele (37% vs. 21%, P < 0.01) were significantly higher in NIDDM patients than in normal subjects. To further explore the linkage of GLUT1 gene polymorphism with DN, we examined the GLUT1 genotype of NIDDM patients with or without renal damage. The frequency of Xba I (+/-) genotype (75% vs. 44%, P < 0.01) and Xba I (-) allele (44% vs. 29%, P < 0.05) was significantly higher in NIDDM patients with diabetic nephropathy than either those without nephropathy or normal subjects. However, there were no significant differences of GLUT1 genotype and allele frequency in NIDDM patients without nephropathy and normal controls. The presence of Xba I (-) allele appeared to have a strong association with the development of diabetic nephropathy. The odds ratio was 1.915, and the 95% confidence interval was 1.044-3.514. The association of Xba I (-) allele of GLUT1 gene with NIDDM partly reflected their close association with DN. Although there was no correlation between the gene polymorphism of GLUT1 and BMI, patients carrying the Xba I (-) allele showed a lower ISI. CONCLUSION No association was found between the gene polymorphism of IRS-1 and NIDDM. THe Xba I (-) allele of GLUT1 gene might be taken as a genetic marker of NIDDM with diabetic nephropathy and this genetic susceptibility appears to be associated with the insulin resistance in patients with NIDDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Liu
- Institute of Nephrology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine
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Delphin C, Guan T, Melchior F, Gerace L. RanGTP targets p97 to RanBP2, a filamentous protein localized at the cytoplasmic periphery of the nuclear pore complex. Mol Biol Cell 1997; 8:2379-90. [PMID: 9398662 PMCID: PMC25714 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.8.12.2379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
RanBP2, a protein containing FG repeat motifs and four binding sites for the guanosine triphosphatase Ran, is localized at the cytoplasmic periphery of the nuclear pore complex (NPC) and is believed to play a critical role in nuclear protein import. We purified RanBP2 from rat liver nuclear envelopes and examined its structural and biochemical properties. Electron microscopy showed that RanBP2 forms a flexible filamentous molecule with a length of approximately 36 nm, suggesting that it comprises a major portion of the cytoplasmic fibrils implicated in initial binding of import substrates to the NPC. Using in vitro assays, we characterized the ability of RanBP2 to bind p97, a cytosolic factor implicated in the association of the nuclear localization signal receptor with the NPC. We found that RanGTP promotes the binding of p97 to RanBP2, whereas it inhibits the binding of p97 to other FG repeat nucleoporins. These data suggest that RanGTP acts to specifically target p97 to RanBP2, where p97 may support the binding of an nuclear localization signal receptor/substrate complex to RanBP2 in an early step of nuclear import.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Delphin
- Department of Cell Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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Yang L, Guan T, Gerace L. Lamin-binding fragment of LAP2 inhibits increase in nuclear volume during the cell cycle and progression into S phase. J Cell Biol 1997; 139:1077-87. [PMID: 9382857 PMCID: PMC2140217 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.139.5.1077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/1997] [Revised: 09/24/1997] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Lamina-associated polypeptide 2 (LAP2) is an integral membrane protein of the inner nuclear membrane that binds to both lamin B and chromatin and has a putative role in nuclear envelope (NE) organization. We found that microinjection of a recombinant polypeptide comprising the nucleoplasmic domain of rat LAP2 (residues 1-398) into metaphase HeLa cells does not affect the reassembly of transport-competent nuclei containing NEs and lamina, but strongly inhibits nuclear volume increase. This effect appears to be specifically due to lamin binding, because it also is caused by microinjection of the minimal lamin-binding region of LAP2 (residues 298-373) but not by the chromatin-binding domain (residues 1-88). Injection of the lamin-binding region of rat LAP2 into early G1 phase HeLa cells also strongly affects nuclear growth; it almost completely prevents the threefold nuclear volume increase that normally occurs during the ensuing 10 h. Moreover, injection of the fragment during early G1 phase strongly inhibits entry of cells into S phase, whereas injection during S phase has no apparent effect on ongoing DNA replication. Since the lamin-binding fragment of LAP2 most likely acts by inhibiting dynamics of the nuclear lamina, our results suggest that a normal function of LAP2 involves regulation of nuclear lamina growth. These data also suggest that lamina dynamics are required for growth of the NE and for nuclear volume increase during the cell cycle, and that progression into S phase is dependent on the acquisition of a certain nuclear volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Yang
- Departments of Cell and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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Abstract
The GTPase Ran/TC4 and the 14-kDa protein nuclear transport factor 2 (NTF2) are two of the cytosolic factors that mediate nuclear protein import in vertebrates. Previous biochemical studies have shown that NTF2 binds directly to the GDP-bound form of Ran/TC4 and to proteins of the nuclear pore complex that contain phenylalanine-glycine repeats. In the present study we have used molecular genetic approaches to study the Saccharomyces cerevisiae homologue of NTF2. The scNTF2 gene encodes a protein that is 44% identical to the human protein. We found that deletion of the scNTF2 gene is lethal and that repression of NTF2p expression by a regulatable promoter results in gross structural distortions of the nuclear envelope. In a screen for high copy number suppressors of a scNTF2 deletion, the only gene we isolated other than scNTF2 itself was GSP1, the S. cerevisiae homologue of Ran/TC4. Furthermore, we found that high levels of Ran/TC4 can relieve the requirement for NTF2 in a mammalian-permeabilized cell assay for nuclear protein import. These data suggest that certain of the nuclear protein import functions of NTF2 and Ran/TC4 are closely linked and that NTF2 may serve to modulate a transport step involving Ran/TC4.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Paschal
- Departments of Cell and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.
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38
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Guan T, Liu Z, Chen Z. [Angiotensin-converting enzyme gene polymorphism and the clinical pathological features and progression in lupus nephritis]. Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi 1997; 36:461-4. [PMID: 10436947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is now well established as an important determinant in the progression of renal damage. The level of plasma angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) is genetically determined and this gene effect is associated with insertion (I)/deletion (D) polymorphism in intron 16 of ACE gene. It has been reported that DD genotype of ACE gene is associated with a poor outcome in patients with IgA nephropathy and trend to develop renal damage in diabetic mellitus. In this study, the correlation between ACE gene I/D polymorphism and the clinical features of lupus nephritis (LN) was determined in 144 LN patients and 150 normal controls by PCR. 72 LN patients were followed up for more than two years. It was found that the DD genotype was significantly higher in LN patients than in normal controls (P < 0.01), while the II genotype was much less in LN (P < 0.01). There was no significant difference in DI genotype frequency between LN patients and normal control (P > 0.05). Patients with hematuria, type IV LN, activation of LN, crescentic formation and severe tubulo-interstitial lesions showed an excess of the DI genotype. However, the DD genotype was not associated with the clinical and pathological characteristics of LN. To assess whether ACE genotype influence the progression of LN, we compared the clinical and pathological findings in patients of different genotype subgroups. There was no significant difference in blood pressure, proteinuria, serum creatinine, active index of disease and crescentic formation at presentation among these groups. However, as patients were divided into two groups according to their rate of decline in renal function. We found that patients with progressive renal function damage had a higher frequency of DI genotype than those with stable renal function (P < 0.01). It is conclude that patients with LN the DI genotype was associated with the severity and the poor prognosis in patients with LN.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Guan
- Research Institute of Nephrology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing
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Yang L, Guan T, Gerace L. Integral membrane proteins of the nuclear envelope are dispersed throughout the endoplasmic reticulum during mitosis. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 1997; 137:1199-210. [PMID: 9182656 PMCID: PMC2132536 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.137.6.1199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We have analyzed the fate of several integral membrane proteins of the nuclear envelope during mitosis in cultured mammalian cells to determine whether nuclear membrane proteins are present in a vesicle population distinct from bulk ER membranes after mitotic nuclear envelope disassembly or are dispersed throughout the ER. Using immunofluorescence staining and confocal microscopy, we compared the localization of two inner nuclear membrane proteins (laminaassociated polypeptides 1 and 2 [LAP1 and LAP2]) and a nuclear pore membrane protein (gp210) to the distribution of bulk ER membranes, which was determined with lipid dyes (DiOC6 and R6) and polyclonal antibodies. We found that at the resolution of this technique, the three nuclear envelope markers become completely dispersed throughout ER membranes during mitosis. In agreement with these results, we detected LAP1 in most membranes containing ER markers by immunogold electron microscopy of metaphase cells. Together, these findings indicate that nuclear membranes lose their identity as a subcompartment of the ER during mitosis. We found that nuclear lamins begin to reassemble around chromosomes at the end of mitosis at the same time as LAP1 and LAP2 and propose that reassembly of the nuclear envelope at the end of mitosis involves sorting of integral membrane proteins to chromosome surfaces by binding interactions with lamins and chromatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Yang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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40
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Abstract
We have found that the mammalian Ran GTPase-activating protein RanGAP1 is highly concentrated at the cytoplasmic periphery of the nuclear pore complex (NPC), where it associates with the 358-kDa Ran-GTP-binding protein RanBP2. This interaction requires the ATP-dependent posttranslational conjugation of RanGAP1 with SUMO-1 (for small ubiquitin-related modifier), a novel protein of 101 amino acids that contains low but significant homology to ubiquitin. SUMO-1 appears to represent the prototype for a novel family of ubiquitin-related protein modifiers. Inhibition of nuclear protein import resulting from antibodies directed at NPC-associated RanGAP1 cannot be overcome by soluble cytosolic RanGAP1, indicating that GTP hydrolysis by Ran at RanBP2 is required for nuclear protein import.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Mahajan
- Department of Cell Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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41
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Abstract
Macromolecular trafficking across the nuclear envelope involves interactions between cytosolic transport factors and nuclear pore complex proteins. The p62 complex, an assembly of 62, 58, 54, and 45-kD O-linked glycoproteins-localized near the central gated channel of the nuclear pore complex, has been directly implicated in nuclear protein import. The cDNA cloning of rat p62 was reported previously. We have now carried out cDNA cloning of rat p58, p54, and p45. We found that p58 contains regions with FG (Phe, Gly) and PA (Pro, Ala) repeats at both its NH2 and COOH termini separated by a predicted alpha-helical coiled-coil region, while p54 has an NH2-terminal FG and PA repeat region and a COOH-terminal predicted coiled-coil region. p45 and p58 appear to be generated by alternative splicing, with p45 containing the NH2-terminal FG repeat region and the coiled-coil region of p58. Using immunogold electron microscopy, we found that p58/p45 and p54 are localized on both sides of the nuclear pore complex, like p62. Previous studies have shown that immobilized recombinant p62 can bind the cytosolic nuclear import factor NTF2 and thereby deplete transport activity from cytosol. We have now found that immobilized recombinant p58 and p54 also can deplete nuclear transport activity from cytosol, and that p62, p58, and p54 bind directly to the cytosolic nuclear import factors p97 and NTF2. At least in the case of p58, this involves FG repeat regions. Moreover, p58 can bind to a complex containing transport ligand, the nuclear localization sequence receptor (Srp1 alpha) and p97. These data support a model in which the p62 complex binds to a multicomponent particle consisting of transport ligand and cytosolic factors to achieve accumulation of ligand near the central gated channel of the nuclear pore complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Hu
- Department of Cell Biology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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Guan T, Müller S, Klier G, Panté N, Blevitt JM, Haner M, Paschal B, Aebi U, Gerace L. Structural analysis of the p62 complex, an assembly of O-linked glycoproteins that localizes near the central gated channel of the nuclear pore complex. Mol Biol Cell 1995; 6:1591-603. [PMID: 8589458 PMCID: PMC301313 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.6.11.1591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The p62 complex is an oligomeric assembly of O-linked glycoproteins of the nuclear pore complex that interacts with cytosolic transport factors and is part of the machinery for nuclear protein import. In this study we have purified the p62 complex from rat liver nuclear envelopes and analyzed its structure and composition. The p62 complex consists of four distinct polypeptides (p62, p58, p54, and p45) and has a mass of approximately 234 kDa, calculated from its hydrodynamic properties and supported by chemical cross-linking and scanning transmission electron microscopy. These data suggest that the p62 complex contains one copy of each constituent polypeptide. Analysis of preparations of the p62 complex by electron microscopy using rotary metal shadowing and negative staining revealed donut-shaped particles with a diameter of approximately 15 nm. Immunogold electron microscopy of isolated rat liver nuclear envelopes demonstrated that p62 occurs on both the nucleoplasmic and cytoplasmic sides of the pore complex near the central gated channel involved in active transport of proteins and RNAs. The properties and localization of the p62 complex suggest that it may be involved in binding transport ligands near the center of the nuclear pore complex and in subsequently transferring them to the gated transport channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Guan
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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43
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Abstract
Mediated import of proteins into the nucleus involves multiple cytosolic factors, including the small GTPase Ran. Whether Ran functions by interacting with other cytosolic proteins or components of the nuclear pore complex has been unclear. Furthermore, the precise transport step where Ran acts has not been determined. To address these questions, we have analyzed the binding interactions of Ran using permeabilized cells and isolated nuclear envelopes. By light and electron microscope immunolocalization, we have found that Ran accumulates specifically at the cytoplasmic surface of the nuclear pore complex when nuclear import in permeabilized cells is inhibited by nonhydrolyzable analogs of GTP. Ran associates with a peripheral pore complex region that is similar to the area where transport ligands accumulate by depletion of ATP, which arrests an early step of transport. Binding studies with isolated nuclear envelopes in the absence of added cytosol indicate that Ran-GTP directly interacts with a pore complex protein. Using blot overlay techniques, we detected a single prominent polypeptide of isolated nuclear envelopes that binds Ran-GTP. This corresponds to the 358-kD protein RanBP2, a Ran binding pore complex protein recently identified by two-hybrid screening. Thus, RanBP2 is likely to constitute the Ran-GTP-binding site detected at the cytoplasmic periphery of the pore complex. These data support a model in which initial ligand binding to the nuclear pore complex occurs at or near RanBP2, and that hydrolysis of GTP by Ran at this site serves to define commitment to the nuclear import pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Melchior
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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44
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Affiliation(s)
- F Melchior
- Department of Cell Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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45
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Byrd DA, Sweet DJ, Panté N, Konstantinov KN, Guan T, Saphire AC, Mitchell PJ, Cooper CS, Aebi U, Gerace L. Tpr, a large coiled coil protein whose amino terminus is involved in activation of oncogenic kinases, is localized to the cytoplasmic surface of the nuclear pore complex. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 1994; 127:1515-26. [PMID: 7798308 PMCID: PMC2120283 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.127.6.1515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
From a panel of monoclonal antibodies raised against fractions of rat liver nuclear envelopes (NEs), we have identified an antibody, RL30, which reacts with novel nuclear pore complex (NPC) antigens that are not O-glycosylated. By immunofluorescence staining of cultured cells, RL30 reacts exclusively with the NE in a punctate pattern that largely coincides with that of identified NPC proteins. RL30 labels only the cytoplasmic surface of the NPC in immunogold electron microscopy, predominantly in peripheral regions nearby the cytoplasmic ring. In immunoblots of isolated rat liver NEs and cultured rat cells, RL30 recognizes a 265-kD band, as well as a series of 175-265-kD bands in rat liver NEs that are likely to be proteolytic products of p265. Sequencing of peptides from the 175- and 265-kD RL30 antigens of rat liver revealed that they are both closely related to human Tpr, a protein whose amino-terminal 150-250 amino acids appear in oncogenic fusions with the kinase domains of the met, trk, and raf protooncogenes. We found that in vitro translation of human Tpr mRNA yields a major 265-kD band. Considered together, these data indicate that the 265-kD RL30 antigen in the NPC is the rat homologue of Tpr. Interestingly, Tpr contains an exceptionally long predicted coiled coil domain (approximately 1600 amino acids). The localization and predicted structure of Tpr suggest that it is a component of the cytoplasmic fibrils of the NPC implicated in nuclear protein import. Immunofluorescence microscopy shows that during NPC reassembly at the end of mitosis, Tpr becomes concentrated at the NE significantly later than O-linked glycoproteins, including p62. This indicates that reassembly of the NPC after mitosis is a stepwise process, and that the Tpr-containing peripheral structures are assembled later than p62.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Byrd
- Department of Cell Biology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
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Guan T, Ghosh A, Ghosh BK. Immunoelectron microscopic double labeling of alkaline phosphatase and penicillinase with colloidal gold in frozen thin sections of Bacillus licheniformis 749/C. J Bacteriol 1985; 164:107-13. [PMID: 3876329 PMCID: PMC214217 DOI: 10.1128/jb.164.1.107-113.1985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The subcellular distribution of alkaline phosphatase and penicillinase was determined by double labeling frozen thin sections of Bacillus licheniformis 749/C with colloidal gold-immunoglobulin G (IgG). Antipenicillinase and anti-alkaline phosphatase antibodies were used to prepare complexes with 5- and 15-nm colloidal gold particles, respectively. The character of the labeling of membrane-bound alkaline phosphatase and penicillinase was different: the immunolabels for alkaline phosphatase (15-nm particles) were bound to a few sites at the inner surface of the plasma membrane, and the gold particles formed clusters of various sizes at the binding sites; the immunolabels for penicillinase (5-nm particles), on the other hand, were bound to the plasma membrane in a dispersed and random fashion. In the cytoplasm, immunolabels for both proteins were distributed randomly, and the character of their binding was similar. The labeling was specific: pretreating the frozen thin sections with different concentrations of anti-alkaline phosphatase or penicillinase blocked the binding of the immunolabel prepared with the same antibody. Binding could be fully blocked by pretreatment with 800 micrograms of either antibody per ml.
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