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Rajagopalan V, Truong V, Wang S, Lopez J, Rosas V, Borzage M, Votava-Smith JK, Ponrartana S, Panigrahy A, Detterich J, Wood J. Non-invasive in-utero quantification of vascular reactivity in human placenta. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2024; 63:481-488. [PMID: 37820067 DOI: 10.1002/uog.27512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Placental vascular reactivity (PlVR) indicates the ability of the placental vasculature to match blood supply to fetal demand. Many pregnancy disorders alter the characteristics of PlVR, resulting in suboptimal oxygen delivery, although current understanding is limited by the lack of non-invasive, repeatable methods to measure PlVR in utero. Our objective was to quantify PlVR by measuring the placental response to transient changes in maternal carbon dioxide (CO2) using blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We hypothesized that PlVR will increase with gestational age to meet the changing demands of a growing fetus, and that PlVR will be driven by a maternal response to changes in CO2 concentration. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study of 35 women with a healthy singleton pregnancy, of whom 31 were included in the analysis. The median gestational age was 32.6 (range, 22.6-38.4) weeks. Pregnant women were instructed to follow audiovisual breathing cues during a MRI scan. Maternal end-tidal CO2 (EtCO2) was measured concurrently with resting placental BOLD MRI for a total of 7-8 min. Preprocessing of magnetic resonance images consisted of manual delineation of placental anatomy and motion correction. In each placental voxel, vascular reactivity was computed using a coherence-weighted general linear model between MRI signal and EtCO2 stimulus. Global PlVR was computed as the mean of voxel-wise PlVR values across the placenta. RESULTS PlVR, quantified by the placental response to induced, transient changes in maternal CO2, was consistently measured in utero using BOLD MRI. PlVR increased non-linearly with advancing gestational age (P < 0.001) and was higher on the fetal side of the placenta. PlVR was associated positively with fetal brain volume after accounting for gestational age. PlVR did not show any significant associations with maternal characteristics. CONCLUSIONS We present, for the first time, a non-invasive paradigm to quantify PlVR in ongoing human pregnancies without the use of exogenous gases or contrast agents. Our findings suggest that PlVR is driven by a fetal response to changes in maternal CO2. Ease of translation to the clinical setting makes PlVR a promising biomarker for the identification and management of high-risk pregnancies. © 2023 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Rajagopalan
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - V Truong
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - S Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - J Lopez
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - V Rosas
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - M Borzage
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - J K Votava-Smith
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - S Ponrartana
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - A Panigrahy
- Pediatric Imaging Research Lab, Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - J Detterich
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - J Wood
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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D’Silva A, Marshall D, Rajagopalan V, Nasser Y, Vallance J, Raman M. A247 MEDITATION AND YOGA FOR IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME (MY-IBS): A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2022. [PMCID: PMC8859308 DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwab049.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background When delivered in person, yoga is effective in managing Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) symptoms. However, research is needed to determine the feasibility and effectiveness of yoga as a therapeutic option when delivered virtually. Aims The aim was to explore the feasibility and effectiveness of a yoga program, delivered virtually, for patients with IBS. We hypothesized the program would be feasible and effective in improving outcomes in the intervention group compared to the control group. Methods Adults diagnosed with IBS were randomized to receive either a Hatha yoga intervention or to an advice-only control group. The intervention consisted of facilitator-led weekly online classes for eight weeks delivered using Microsoft Office Teams and daily home practice. Yoga sessions included sequential delivery of postures, chanting, breathing exercises, and meditation over four weeks, with integrated practice over the final four weeks. Feasibility was evaluated with recruitment and attrition rates, adherence, and safety. The primary outcome was severity of IBS symptoms (IBS-Symptom Severity Score, IBS-SSS). Secondary outcomes included anxiety (General Anxiety Disorder-7), depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9), and stress (Perceived Stress Scale) assessed at baseline and eight weeks. Unadjusted and adjusted analysis of variance (and covariance) models compared baseline and post-intervention data between groups using intent to treat analysis. Results Sixty-five participants participated (32 treatment, 33 control). The mean age was 44.2±14.1 years and 91% identified as female. Participants had been living with IBS for 11.7±11 years. Fifteen participants were lost to follow-up (20% attrition rate). Participants attended on average 5.9±1.7 out of a possible 8 sessions (74% adherence) and accumulated 1,187±545 minutes in daily practice over eight weeks. No adverse events were reported. The groups did not differ at baseline (P>0.05). From baseline to post intervention, unadjusted ANOVA models indicated the yoga program was not statistically superior to the control group for IBS-symptoms (-17.5 points; 95% CI -62.6 to 27.6; P = 0.440), anxiety (-0.91 points; 95% CI -2.47 to 0.64; P = 0.245) and stress (-0.65 points; 95% CI -1.73 to 0.44; P = 0.239). Significant differences between groups were seen for depression (-1.82 points; 95% CI -3.49 to -0.15; P = 0.033). A second model considered relevant covariates including age, comorbidities, and years since diagnosis (i.e., ANCOVA), and the results were similar to the unadjusted model. Conclusions Our virtual Hatha yoga and mediation program was feasible, and participants showed improvement in their depression scores. However, they did not experience a significant improvement in their IBS symptoms, anxiety, or stress, perhaps due to the short timeframe of the intervention. Funding Agencies None
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Affiliation(s)
- A D’Silva
- Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - D Marshall
- Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - V Rajagopalan
- Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Y Nasser
- Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - J Vallance
- Athabasca University, Athabasca, AB, Canada
| | - M Raman
- Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Rajagopalan V, Pioro EP. 2-Deoxy-2-[ 18 F]fluoro-d-glucose positron emission tomography, cortical thickness and white matter graph network abnormalities in brains of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia suggest early neuronopathy rather than axonopathy. Eur J Neurol 2020; 27:1904-1912. [PMID: 32432818 DOI: 10.1111/ene.14332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a motor neuron disorder, although extra-motor degeneration is well recognized, especially in frontotemporal regions manifested as ALS with frontotemporal dementia (ALS-FTD). Previous neuroimaging studies of the brains of ALS-FTD patients have measured abnormalities of either grey matter (GM) or white matter (WM) structures but not of both together. Therefore, the aim was to evaluate both GM and WM in the same ALS-FTD patient using functional and structural neuroimaging. By doing so, insights could be gained into whether neurodegeneration in ALS-FTD is primarily a neuronopathy or axonopathy. METHODS After high-resolution brain 2-deoxy-2-[18 F]fluoro-D-glucose (18 F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were obtained in ALS-FTD patients and in age- and sex-matched neurological controls, changes in metabolic rate, cortical thickness (CT) and WM network analysis using graph theory were analyzed. RESULTS Significant reductions in 18 F-FDG PET metabolism, CT and WM connections were observed in motor and extra-motor brain regions of ALS-FTD patients compared to controls. Both CT and underlying WM networks were abnormal in frontal, temporal, parietal and occipital lobes of ALS-FTD patients with 86 of 90 brain regions showing reductions of CT. CONCLUSION Abnormalities in significantly fewer WM networks underlying the affected cortical regions suggest that neurodegeneration in brains of ALS-FTD patients is primarily a 'neuronopathy' rather than an 'axonopathy.'
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Affiliation(s)
- V Rajagopalan
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, India.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - E P Pioro
- Neuromuscular Center, Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Han X, Xia Q, Bao Y, Patel V, Roy A, Rajagopalan V, Lobo F. AB1344-HPR POOLED ANALYSIS OF ASSOCIATION BETWEEN ABATACEPT OR OTHER TARGET DISEASE-MODIFYING ANTI-RHEUMATIC DRUGS (TDMARD) AND TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS (T2DM)-RELATED HEALTHCARE RESOURCE UTILIZATION (HCRU) AND COSTS IN TNFI-NAÏVE RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS (RA) PATIENTS WITH T2DM. Ann Rheum Dis 2020. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.3912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Background:Limited information is available on the impact of target disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (tDMARD) on patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Objectives:The objective was to compare T2DM-related healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) and cost for TNF inhibitors (TNFi)-naive patients pooled from two commercial databases with RA and T2DM receiving abatacept, other non-TNFi, or TNFi.Methods:A retrospective, observational study was conducted with MarketScan and PharMetrics (January 2008-September 2018). The study population included TNFi-naïve adult patients with RA and T2DM newly initiating abatacept, TNFi (adalimumab, certolizumab pegol, etanercept, golimumab, infliximab) or other non-TNFi (tocilizumab, anakinra, sarilumab, rituximab, tofacitinib). Date of tDMARD initiation was the index date. Patients had ≥2 RA diagnoses separated by ≥7 days, ≥1 T2DM diagnosis, and had ≥12 months of pre-index continuous enrollment. Follow-up ended at the end of patient insurance enrollment, study period or index treatment. T2DM-related HCRU and costs including inpatient stay, outpatient visits, ER visits, and pharmacy use were measured on a per-patient-per-month (PPPM) basis (2018 USD). Patients treated with abatacept were matched to TNFi and non-TNFi cohorts separately by propensity score adjusted with patients baseline comorbidities, HCRU, and costs.Results:A total of 16,236 patients meeting criteria were identified. Most patients were female (74.3%), and the overall average age of 55.4 years (Table 1). After matching, 850 pairs of abatacept vs non-TNFi patients, and 1,096 pairs of abatacept vs TNFi patients were included in the adjusted results. Patients initiating abatacept had $144 lower adjusted T2DM-related costs as compared to non-TNFi and $79 lower costs than TNFi cohorts (Table 2).Table 1.Patient CharacteristicsAbataceptn=1,134Non-TNFin=1,353TNFin=13,749TotalN=16,236Age, mean years (SD)58.5 (11.3)57.7 (11.2)54.9 (10.6)55.41 (10.7)Gender, female, n (%)936 (82.5)993 (73.4)10,142 (73.8)12,071 (74.3)CCI, mean (SD)2.2 (1.4)2.3 (1.4)1.8 (1.1)1.89 (1.14)DCSI, n (%) Cardiovascular361 (31.8)406 (30.0)2,500 (18.2)3,267 (20.1) Neuropathy294 (25.9)374 (27.6)3,161 (23.0)3,829 (23.6) Nephropathy146 (12.9)193 (14.3)1,151 (8.4)1,490 (9.2) PVD131 (11.6)155 (11.5)874 (6.4)1,160 (7.1) Retinopathy103 (9.1)119 (8.8)922 (6.7)1,144 (7.0) Cerebrovascular74 (6.5)102 (7.5)620 (4.5)796 (4.9) Metabolic9 (0.8)20 (1.5)141 (1.0)170 (1.0)CCI: Charlson comorbidity index; DCSI: diabetes complications severity index; PVD: peripheral vascular disease.Table 2.Adjusted T2DM-related HCRU and Costs after Propensity Score MatchingAbataceptn=850Non-TNFin=850Diff (ABA- Non-TNF)Abataceptn=1,096TNFin=1,096Diff (ABA- TNF)T2DM-related HCRU (per 1000 Patients per Month)Number of Hospitalizations13.920.4-6.5*12.614.9-2.3*Number ofER Visits22.016.15.9*18.416.32.0*Number ofOutpatient Visits311334.8-23.7*299.3286.912.4T2DM-related Costs (PPPM $)Inpatient Costs507535-28413475-62ER Costs271710*2225-3Outpatient Costs190323-13318617016*Pharmacy Costs1071007*97128-31Total Costs831975-144719798-79**P<0.05Conclusion:TNFi-naive RA patients with T2DM newly initiating abatacept had lower adjusted rates of T2DM-related hospitalizations compared to patients who initiated a non-TNFi or a TNFi. Total costs were lower among patients initiating abatacept vs. patients who initiated a non-TNFi or a TNFi. Findings suggest that initial abatacept among TNFi-naïve patients may be able to reduce healthcare utilization arising from T2DM complications and reduce T2DM-related costs in RA patients.Disclosure of Interests:Xue Han Employee of: BMS, Qian Xia Shareholder of: I own shares of Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Employee of: I am a paid employee of Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Ying Bao Shareholder of: Bristol-Myers Squibb, Employee of: Bristol-Myers Squibb, Vardhaman PATEL Employee of: Bristol Myers Squibb, Amrina Roy Employee of: Mu-Sigma, Varshini Rajagopalan Employee of: Mu-Sigma, Francis Lobo Shareholder of: Bristol-Myers Squibb (US), Employee of: Bristol-Myers Squibb (US)
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Seitter S, Pol C, Rajagopalan V, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Gerdes AM. Effects of T3 (Tri‐iodothyronine) on Myocardial Remodeling and Functional Recovery After Ischemia/Reperfusion. FASEB J 2015. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.798.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Seitter
- Biomedical SciencesNYIT ‐ COMOld WestburyNYUnited States
| | - C Pol
- Biomedical SciencesNYIT ‐ COMOld WestburyNYUnited States
| | - V. Rajagopalan
- Biomedical SciencesNYIT ‐ COMOld WestburyNYUnited States
| | - Y. Zhang
- Biomedical SciencesNYIT ‐ COMOld WestburyNYUnited States
| | - Y. Chen
- Biomedical SciencesNYIT ‐ COMOld WestburyNYUnited States
| | - A M Gerdes
- Biomedical SciencesNYIT ‐ COMOld WestburyNYUnited States
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Rajagopalan V, Zhang Y, Pingitore A, Chen Y, Pol C, Wang Y, Saunders D, Balasubramanian K, Towner R, Ojamaa K, Gerdes A. Safe Therapeutic Effect on Post‐Infarct Cardiac Remodeling And Pathophysiology Following Low‐Dose Oral Triiodo‐L‐Thyronine (T3) Treatment. FASEB J 2015. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.798.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V Rajagopalan
- Biomedical SciencesNew York Institute of Technology‐College of Osteopathic MedicineOld WestburyNYUnited States
| | - Y Zhang
- Biomedical SciencesNew York Institute of Technology‐College of Osteopathic MedicineOld WestburyNYUnited States
| | | | - Y Chen
- Biomedical SciencesNew York Institute of Technology‐College of Osteopathic MedicineOld WestburyNYUnited States
| | - C Pol
- Biomedical SciencesNew York Institute of Technology‐College of Osteopathic MedicineOld WestburyNYUnited States
| | - Y Wang
- Biomedical SciencesNew York Institute of Technology‐College of Osteopathic MedicineOld WestburyNYUnited States
| | - D Saunders
- Oklahoma Med. Res. FoundationOklahoma CityOKUnited States
| | | | - R Towner
- Oklahoma Med. Res. FoundationOklahoma CityOKUnited States
| | - K Ojamaa
- Feinstein Institute for Med ResManhassetNYUnited States
| | - A Gerdes
- Biomedical SciencesNew York Institute of Technology‐College of Osteopathic MedicineOld WestburyNYUnited States
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Narasimhan M, Ahmed PB, Venugopal V, Karthikeyan S, Gnanaraj P, Rajagopalan V. Severe allergic eczematous skin reaction to 2009(H1N1) influenza vaccine injection. Int J Dermatol 2015; 54:1340-1. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2010.04673.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Murali Narasimhan
- Department of Dermatology; SRM Medical College Hospital; Potheri village Kattankulathur Kanchipuram Tamil Nadu India
| | - Parveen Basheer Ahmed
- Department of Dermatology; SRM Medical College Hospital; Potheri village Kattankulathur Kanchipuram Tamil Nadu India
| | - V. Venugopal
- Department of Dermatology; SRM Medical College Hospital; Potheri village Kattankulathur Kanchipuram Tamil Nadu India
| | - Subashini Karthikeyan
- Department of Dermatology; SRM Medical College Hospital; Potheri village Kattankulathur Kanchipuram Tamil Nadu India
| | - Pushpa Gnanaraj
- Department of Dermatology; SRM Medical College Hospital; Potheri village Kattankulathur Kanchipuram Tamil Nadu India
| | - V. Rajagopalan
- Department of Dermatology; SRM Medical College Hospital; Potheri village Kattankulathur Kanchipuram Tamil Nadu India
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Rajagopalan V, Alemao E, Kawabata H, Solomon D. SAT0069 Performance of the Framingham Cardiovascular Risk Prediction Model with and without C-Reactive Protein or Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate in RA: Analysis of US Electronic Medical Records Database. Ann Rheum Dis 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.1833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Rajagopalan V, Jesty S, Craig L, Gompf R. Comparison of Presumptive Echocardiographic and Definitive Diagnoses of Cardiac Tumors in Dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2013; 27:1092-6. [DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Revised: 04/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- V. Rajagopalan
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences; University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine; Knoxville TN
| | - S.A. Jesty
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences; University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine; Knoxville TN
| | - L.E. Craig
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences (Craig); University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine; Knoxville TN
| | - R. Gompf
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences; University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine; Knoxville TN
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Abstract
Secondary lymphangiomas or acquired lymphangiomas of vulva represent dilatation of upper dermal lymphatics following damage to previously normal deep lymphatics. They have been reported to occur following various infections, surgeries and radiotherapy which can cause damage to deep lymphatics.Treatment options in the management of secondary lymphangiomas include surgical resection, carbon dioxide laser vaporisation, sclerosing agents etc. We report two cases of secondary lymphangioma of vulva that followed radiotherapy for carcinoma of cervix. Both the patients were treated successfully by surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushpa Gnanaraj
- SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Kattankulathur, Kancheepuram District, Tamilnadu, India
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Corbett-Detig J, Habas PA, Scott JA, Kim K, Rajagopalan V, McQuillen PS, Barkovich AJ, Glenn OA, Studholme C. 3D global and regional patterns of human fetal subplate growth determined in utero. Brain Struct Funct 2010; 215:255-63. [PMID: 21046152 PMCID: PMC3041913 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-010-0286-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2010] [Accepted: 10/06/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The waiting period of subplate evolution is a critical phase for the proper formation of neural connections in the brain. During this time, which corresponds to 15 to 24 postconceptual weeks (PCW) in the human fetus, thalamocortical and cortico-cortical afferents wait in and are in part guided by molecules embedded in the extracellular matrix of the subplate. Recent advances in fetal MRI techniques now allow us to study the developing brain anatomy in 3D from in utero imaging. We describe a reliable segmentation protocol to delineate the boundaries of the subplate from T2-W MRI. The reliability of the protocol was evaluated in terms of intra-rater reproducibility on a subset of the subjects. We also present the first 3D quantitative analyses of temporal changes in subplate volume, thickness, and contrast from 18 to 24 PCW. Our analysis shows that firstly, global subplate volume increases in proportion with the supratentorial volume; the subplate remained approximately one-third of supratentorial volume. Secondly, we found both global and regional growth in subplate thickness and a linear increase in the median and maximum subplate thickness through the waiting period. Furthermore, we found that posterior regions--specifically the occipital pole, ventral occipito-temporal region, and planum temporale--of the developing brain underwent the most statistically significant increases in subplate thickness. During this period, the thickest region was the developing somatosensory/motor cortex. The subplate growth patterns reported here may be used as a baseline for comparison to abnormal fetal brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Corbett-Detig
- Biomedical Image Computing Group, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0628, USA.
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Gnanaraj P, Venugopal V, Sangitha C, Rajagopalan V, Pandurangan CN. A giant variant of acquired reactive perforating collagenosis associated with hydronephrosis: successful treatment with allopurinol. Int J Dermatol 2009; 48:204-6. [PMID: 19200207 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2009.03801.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Amulya CB, Rajagopalan V, Jyothiprakash AM, Chandrashekar R, Belagavi CS. Fatal small bowel ischaemia following laparoscopic cholecystectomy: report of a case. Case Reports 2009; 2009:bcr08.2008.0705. [DOI: 10.1136/bcr.08.2008.0705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Irene NT, Parveen B, Hema OH, Rajagopalan V. Juvenile dermatomyositis associated with lipodystrophy. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2003; 69:343-4. [PMID: 17642934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Lipodystrophy and associated metabolic abnormalities are being increasingly recognized as complications of juvenile dermatomyositis. We report one such case.
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Affiliation(s)
- N T Irene
- Department of Dermatology, Government Royapettah Hospital, Kilpauk Medical College, Chennai
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Irene NT, Hema OH, Rajagopalan V, Parveen B. Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome associated with pseudo-Kaposi's sarcoma. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2002; 68:305-6. [PMID: 17656982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Pseudo Kaposi's sarcoma is a rare vascular lesion, usually associated with arterio venous malformations of the Parker Weber type, and only occasionally with Klippel Trenaunay syndrome per se. We report one such case.
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Affiliation(s)
- N T Irene
- Department of Dermatology, Government Royapettah Hospital, Kilpauk Medical College, Chennai-600 014, Tamil Nadu, India
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Rajagopalan V, Essex DW, Shapiro SS, Konkle BA. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha modulation of glycoprotein Ib alpha expression in human endothelial and erythroleukemia cells. Blood 1992; 80:153-61. [PMID: 1611082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycoprotein Ib alpha (GpIb alpha) is a platelet membrane Gp that binds von Willebrand factor and mediates platelet adhesion to subendothelium. We have found both GpIb alpha mRNA and protein in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). In previously published work we reported that combined treatment with interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) markedly increased the GpIb alpha mRNA level in HUVEC. We have now documented that TNF-alpha alone induces GpIb alpha mRNA and protein expression, studied the kinetics of this response, and investigated potential mechanisms of the TNF-alpha effect. GpIb alpha mRNA induction by TNF-alpha is detectable as early as 2 hours after exposure to this cytokine, and reaches a maximal level after 20 to 24 hours. Using a nuclear run-on assay we found that GpIb alpha gene transcription is increased approximately 10-fold after 2 hours of TNF-alpha treatment. Furthermore, using two monoclonal antibodies that recognize different epitopes of GpIb alpha, we found that the protein expression in endothelial cells is markedly increased by TNF-alpha. Interleukin-1 (IL-1) and the phorbol ester phorbol myristate acetate, which mimic many effects of TNF-alpha on endothelial cells, have no effect on endothelial or human erytholeukemia (HEL)-cell GpIb alpha mRNA. TNF-alpha treatment for 24 hours increases the HEL cell GpIb alpha mRNA level approximately fourfold, showing a time- and dose-dependent effect similar to that seen in HUVEC. TNF-alpha-induced GpIb alpha mRNA and protein synthesis may play a role in mediating platelet or other cell interaction with activated endothelium. Unlike other endothelial pro-thrombotic and pro-adhesive proteins induced by TNF-alpha, GpIb alpha is not induced by IL-1 treatment, which suggests a novel pathway for induction of this protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Rajagopalan
- Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research, Department of Medicine, Jefferson Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
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Ashour M, Rajagopalan V, Ajarim DS, Harakati MS, Santhosh-Kumar CR. Endobronchial Hodgkin's lymphoma. Ann Saudi Med 1991; 11:97-9. [PMID: 17588066 DOI: 10.5144/0256-4947.1991.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M Ashour
- Divisions of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Jain BK, Rajagopalan V, Ramachandran V, Mehta RB. Jejunogastric intussusception as a technique for in situ resection. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1990; 170:165-6. [PMID: 2300870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A technique for resection of irreducible, gangrenous jejunogastric intussusception is presented. In comparison with previously described resection procedures involving division of the stoma, dismantling of the gastrojejunostomy or higher gastrectomy, in situ resection is simple and safe.
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Affiliation(s)
- B K Jain
- Department of Surgery, Jawaharial Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry
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Venkataraghavan S, Rajagopalan V, Srinivasan K. Study of doshic involvement in apasmara (epilepsy) and its utility. Anc Sci Life 1987; 6:138-47. [PMID: 22557563 PMCID: PMC3331419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/1986] [Accepted: 08/28/1986] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
68 cases of epilepsy are studied here for assessing the doshic dominance to understand prognosis with a view to supplement the treatment with some doshahara compounds or drugs. Most of the cases studied or vata or pitta dominant cases, thereby, requiring vatahara or pittahara treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Venkataraghavan
- Indian Institute of Panchakarma, P.O. Cheruthuruthy, Shornur – 679 531, India
| | - V. Rajagopalan
- Dr. A. Lakshmipathi Research Centre for Ayurveda (C. C. R. A. S), V. H. S. Campus, T. T. T. I. (Post), Madras – 600 113, India
| | - Kanchana Srinivasan
- Dr. A. Lakshmipathi Research Centre for Ayurveda (C. C. R. A. S), V. H. S. Campus, T. T. T. I. (Post), Madras – 600 113, India
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Venkataraghavan S, Sunderesan TP, Rajagopalan V, Srinivasn K. Constitutional study of cancer patients - its prognostic and therapeutic scope. Anc Sci Life 1987; 7:110-5. [PMID: 22557598 PMCID: PMC3331388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/1983] [Accepted: 04/20/1987] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
28 patients undergoing treatment for Cancer and 57 normal adults are studied for their Prakriti (constitution and temperature) to find out whether there is any difference in the prakriti pattern of Cancer patients when compared with that of normal volunteers. Pitta dominance is found in the prakriti pattern of Cancer patients followed by Kapha dominance. The prognostic therapeutic utility and scope of the knowledge of prakriti patterns are also discussed in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Venkataraghavan
- Dr. A. Lakshimipathi Research Centre for Ayurveda, V.H.S. Medical Centre Campus TTTI Post, Madras - 600 113, India
| | - T. P. Sunderesan
- Dr. A. Lakshimipathi Research Centre for Ayurveda, V.H.S. Medical Centre Campus TTTI Post, Madras - 600 113, India
| | - V. Rajagopalan
- Dr. A. Lakshimipathi Research Centre for Ayurveda, V.H.S. Medical Centre Campus TTTI Post, Madras - 600 113, India
| | - Kanchana Srinivasn
- Dr. A. Lakshimipathi Research Centre for Ayurveda, V.H.S. Medical Centre Campus TTTI Post, Madras - 600 113, India
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Rajagopalan V. Research in progress. Anc Sci Life 1986; 5:262. [PMID: 22557536 PMCID: PMC3331477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- V. Rajagopalan
- Department of Chemistry, Arul Anadar College, Karumathur – 626 514, Madurai Dt., S. India.
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Shetty BR, Seshadri C, Sitaraman R, Rajagopalan V, Janaki K, Venkataraghavan S. Treatment of tropical eosinophilia with an ayurvedic compound - a clinical trial. Anc Sci Life 1983; 2:194-8. [PMID: 22556981 PMCID: PMC3336760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/1982] [Accepted: 11/15/1982] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of an Ayurvedic preparation consisting of Swasakutara, Curcuma longa (Haridra) and Withania somnifera (Asvagandha) is accessed in 12 patients of tropical eosinphilia. The modern control drug Hetrazan is used in another batch of 11 patients for comparison. The Ayurvedic compound causes complete relief of most of the clinical signs and symptoms associated with the disease and reduces E.S.R. significantly. However the drug has no effect on the level of circulating eosinophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Ramakrishna Shetty
- Dr. A. Lakshmipathi Unit for Research in Indian Medicine (C.C.R.A.S) V.H.S. Medical Center, T.T.T.I. Post, Madras – 600 113, India.
| | - C. Seshadri
- Dr. A. Lakshmipathi Unit for Research in Indian Medicine (C.C.R.A.S) V.H.S. Medical Center, T.T.T.I. Post, Madras – 600 113, India.
| | - R. Sitaraman
- Dr. A. Lakshmipathi Unit for Research in Indian Medicine (C.C.R.A.S) V.H.S. Medical Center, T.T.T.I. Post, Madras – 600 113, India.
| | - V. Rajagopalan
- Dr. A. Lakshmipathi Unit for Research in Indian Medicine (C.C.R.A.S) V.H.S. Medical Center, T.T.T.I. Post, Madras – 600 113, India.
| | - K. Janaki
- Dr. A. Lakshmipathi Unit for Research in Indian Medicine (C.C.R.A.S) V.H.S. Medical Center, T.T.T.I. Post, Madras – 600 113, India.
| | - S. Venkataraghavan
- Dr. A. Lakshmipathi Unit for Research in Indian Medicine (C.C.R.A.S) V.H.S. Medical Center, T.T.T.I. Post, Madras – 600 113, India.
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