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Marenus MW, Friedman K, Sanowski J, Murray A, Ottensoser H, Cahuas A, Kumaravel V, Chen W. Psychological predictors of physical activity intensity among college students. J Am Coll Health 2024; 72:398-407. [PMID: 35254959 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2037614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of mental health, subjective well-being, and the impact of COVID-19 on quality of life with PA intensity among college students. Participants: The sample included 1262 college students from a large Midwestern research university (mean age = 21.5 ± 3.6 years). Methods: Participants voluntarily and anonymously completed the Qualtrics questionnaires which included the Patient Health Questionnaire -Anxiety and Depression Scale, the Satisfaction with Life Scale, the Impact of COVID-19 on Quality of Life (QoL) Scale, and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Results: Multiple linear regression models indicated that COVID-19 QoL and life satisfaction were significant predictors of the total, vigorous, and moderate PA (p's < .05). Life satisfaction was also a significant predictor of walking. Conclusion: Higher level satisfaction and lower impact of COVID-19 on quality of life were related to higher total, vigorous, and moderate PA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kathryn Friedman
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Julia Sanowski
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Andy Murray
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Haley Ottensoser
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ana Cahuas
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Varun Kumaravel
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Weiyun Chen
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Cahuas A, Marenus MW, Kumaravel V, Murray A, Friedman K, Ottensoser H, Chen W. Perceived social support and COVID-19 impact on quality of life in college students: an observational study. Ann Med 2023; 55:136-145. [PMID: 36519501 PMCID: PMC9762801 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2022.2154943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purposes of this study were to assess the current status of perceived social support and COVID-19 impact on quality of life, to investigate the association of perceived social support with the COVID-19 impact on quality of life, and to examine differences in perceived social support between better and worse COVID-19 impact on quality of life for the total sample and by gender. METHODS Participants included 1296 university students (399 male, 871 female, 22 transgender, non-binary, or other) with a mean age of 21.5 (SD = 2.6 years) from a large public university in the Midwest region of the US. Students voluntarily completed two questionnaires and demographic information via Qualtrics based on a cross-sectional study design. The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) is a 12-item survey used to assess an individual's perception of social support from significant others, friends, and family. The COVID-19-Impact on Quality of Life scale (COVID-19 QoL) is a 6-item scale used to assess the impact of COVID-19 on quality of life. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, multiple linear regression, independent t-tests, and ANCOVA. RESULTS Multiple linear regression showed that perceived social support from family was a significant predictor of COVID-19 QoL (F = 35.154, p < .01) for the total sample. Further, t-test demonstrated significant differences between males and females on perceived social support (t = -2.184, p < .05) as well as COVID-19 QoL (t = -5.542, p < .01). Results of ANCOVA demonstrated a significant group effect on perceived social support for both males (F = 10.054, p < .01, η2 = .025) and females (F = 5.978, p < .05, η2 = 0.007), indicating that the better quality of life group scored higher on perceived social support than low quality of life. CONCLUSIONS Social support from family may act as a key buffer for quality of life during the fall semester of 2020, amid the COVID-19 pandemic in college students. With social interactions restricted during COVID-19, maintained access to social support is highly important.KEY MESSAGESSocial support is a crucial contributing factor to the impact of COVID-19 on quality of life, and support from social relationships may buffer these challenging and unpredictable times.The COVID-19 pandemic may have impacted the quality of life of males and females differently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cahuas
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Varun Kumaravel
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan at Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Andy Murray
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan at Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kathryn Friedman
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan at Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Haley Ottensoser
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan at Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Weiyun Chen
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan at Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Kumaravel V, Mohan B, Natarajan A, Murali N, Selvaraj P, Vasanthakumar P. Effect on growth performance, carcass traits, and myostatin gene expression in Aseel chicken fed varied levels of dietary protein in isocaloric energy diets. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:82. [PMID: 36795279 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03505-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
A study was conducted to assess the effect of feeding different crude protein (CP) levels with isocaloric metabolizable energy (ME) diets on growth performance, carcass traits, and myostatin (MSTN) gene expression of Aseel chicken during 0 to 16 weeks of age. A total of two hundred and ten day-old Aseel chickens were randomly allotted to seven dietary treatment groups. Each group had thirty chicks distributed into three replicates of ten chicks in each. Experimental diets were formulated to have varying levels of CP, viz. 18.5, 19.0, 19.5, 20.0, 20.5, 21.0, and 21.5%, with isocaloric energy of 2800 kcal ME/kg diets of mash feed fed to birds in a completely randomized design. Different CP levels had a significant effect (P < 0.05) on the body weight gain (BWG) of Aseel chicken. At the end of 16 weeks of age, the group fed 21% CP gained 223.53 g more than the lowest CP (18.5%)-fed group. The different CP levels did not significantly (P > 0.05) influenced the feed intake of all treatment groups, but numerically highest feed intake was observed in the lowest CP (18.5%)-fed group. However, significant differences in feed efficiency (FE) appeared from the 13th week only with the 21.0% CP-fed group showing the best FE until the 16th week (3.86 to 4.06). The maximum dressing % (70.61) was observed by the 21% CP-fed group. The CP 21% diet down-regulated the MSTN gene expression in breast muscle tissue to 0.07 folds when compared to the diet of CP 20%. The best economical coordinates for maximum performance for Aseel chicken appeared to be CP of 21% and ME of 2800 kcal/kg to achieve the best FE of 3.86 at the earliest age of 13 weeks. In conclusion, 21% CP in an isocaloric diet of 2800 kcal ME/kg, in Aseel chickens, would be optimum to improve the growth performance at maximum in terms of BWG and FE up to 16 weeks of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Kumaravel
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (TANUVAS), Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - B Mohan
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (TANUVAS), Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A Natarajan
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (TANUVAS), Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - N Murali
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (TANUVAS), Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P Selvaraj
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (TANUVAS), Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P Vasanthakumar
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (TANUVAS), Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India
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Marenus MW, Friedman K, Murray A, Cahuas A, Ottensoser H, Sanowski J, Kumaravel V, Chen W. The Effects Of The Web-based WeActive And WeMindful Interventions On Physical Activity And Resilience. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2022. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000877852.44770.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Murray A, Marenus M, Cahuas A, Friedman K, Ottensoser H, Kumaravel V, Sanowski J, Chen W. The Impact of Web-Based Physical Activity Interventions on Depression and Anxiety Among College Students: Randomized Experimental Trial. JMIR Form Res 2022; 6:e31839. [PMID: 35363151 PMCID: PMC9015744 DOI: 10.2196/31839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background
Depression and anxiety are growing issues for college students, with both aerobic resistance training and mindfulness yoga exercises known to be effective in reducing symptoms and severity. However, no known research is available comparing these 2 depression and anxiety interventions simultaneously and in a web-based environment.
Objective
This study aims to determine the effects of a web-based aerobic resistance exercise intervention (WeActive) and a web-based yoga mindfulness exercise intervention (WeMindful) on depression and anxiety symptoms in college students.
Methods
The participants were 77 college students who anonymously completed a Qualtrics survey, including the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale and the Major Depression Inventory at baseline and after the intervention. Participants were randomly assigned to either the WeActive or WeMindful group and underwent two 30-minute web-based aerobic resistance exercise lessons or yoga mindfulness lessons per week for 8 weeks.
Results
The results of analysis of covariance with repeated measures indicated that although not statistically significant, both groups showed a notable decrease in anxiety with a marginally significant main effect of time (F1=3.485; P=.07; η2=0.047) but no significant main effect of group and no significant interaction effect of time with group. The 2 intervention groups experienced a significant decrease in depression with the main effect of time (F=3.892; P=.05; η2=0.052). There was no significant main effect of group or interaction effect of time with group for depression.
Conclusions
College students in both WeActive and WeMindful groups experienced a significant decrease in depression symptoms and a decrease, although not significant, in anxiety as well. The study suggests that web-based WeActive and WeMindful interventions are effective approaches to managing US college students’ depression and anxiety during a pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Murray
- Physical Activity and Health Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Michele Marenus
- Physical Activity and Health Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Ana Cahuas
- Department of Psychology, School of Literature, Science, and the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Kathryn Friedman
- Physical Activity and Health Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Haley Ottensoser
- Physical Activity and Health Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Varun Kumaravel
- Physical Activity and Health Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Julia Sanowski
- Physical Activity and Health Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Weiyun Chen
- Physical Activity and Health Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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Marenus MW, Cahuas A, Murray A, Ottensoser H, Friedman K, Kumaravel V, Hasson R, Chen W. Associations Between Psychological Well-being And Physical Activity Intensity Among College Students. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2021. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000762952.21342.ce] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Nageshwari R, Dhivakar M, Balakrishnan K, Selvan SA, Kumaravel V. Common CYP21A2 Gene Mutations in South Indian Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Patients. INT J HUM GENET 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09723757.2017.1383647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Nageshwari
- Alpha Hospital and Research Centre, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M. Dhivakar
- Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | | | - V. Kumaravel
- Alpha Hospital and Research Centre, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Khadilkar V, Yadav S, Agrawal KK, Tamboli S, Banerjee M, Cherian A, Goyal JP, Khadilkar A, Kumaravel V, Mohan V, Narayanappa D, Ray I, Yewale V. Revised IAP growth charts for height, weight and body mass index for 5- to 18-year-old Indian children. Indian Pediatr 2015; 52:47-55. [DOI: 10.1007/s13312-015-0566-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kannan S, Mahadevan S, Velayutham P, Bharath R, Kumaravel V, Muthukumaran J, Premkumar A. Estimation of magnesium in patients with functional hypoparathyroidism. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2014; 18:821-825. [PMID: 25364677 PMCID: PMC4192988 DOI: 10.4103/2230-8210.141365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT It is evident that about 30-50% of patients with Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) do not manifest develop secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT). A number of theories have been proposed to explain this lack of SHPT, including hypomagnesemia. SETTINGS AND DESIGN Retrospective review of laboratory database. MATERIALS AND METHODS We evaluated the differences in serum magnesium (Mg) levels among those with VDD with or without SHPT. A retrospective review of 6255 laboratory data of bone mineral profiles performed in the period of 2007-2013. After excluding patients with hypercalcemia, renal dysfunction/unknown kidney function and primary hypothyroidism, the remaining 1323 patient data were analyzed. SHPT was defined as serum parathyroid hormone >65 in those with VDD. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED ANOVA and Wilcoxon tests as appropriate to compare means. Multivariate logistic regression to analyze relation between variables and outcome of SHPT. RESULTS We noted that 55% patients (n = 727) had VDD, and among those who had VDD, 23% (n = 170) were hypocalcemic (corrected serum calcium <8.5). Patients with VDD who did not exhibit SHPT were 56% (n = 407). The mean (±standard deviation) serum Mg levels in the entire cohort (n = 1323) was 1.94 ± 0.26 mg/dl and 1.95 ± 0.26 mg/dl in VDD cohort and 2 ± 0.31 mg/dl in the VDD-hypocalcemic cohort. There was no statistical difference in the Mg levels among those with SHPT compared to those without SHPT (P = 0.14). Serum calcium and phosphorus were lower in those with SHPT (P = 0.06 and P < 0.001, respectively). In multivariate logistic regression, serum calcium (P = 0.043), phosphorus (P < 0.001) and severe VDD (P < 0.001) independently correlated with occurrence of SHPT in VDD. CONCLUSIONS Serum Mg levels did not explain the functional hypoparathyroidism seen in about half of the patients with VDD. A low normal serum calcium and phosphorus levels are more likely to be associated with VDD patients who develop SHPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subramanian Kannan
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Bariatric Medicine, Narayana Health City, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Shriraam Mahadevan
- Department of Endocrinology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College, Porur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P. Velayutham
- Kovai Medical Centre and Hospital, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R. Bharath
- Department of Endocrinology, Chettinad Medical College, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - V. Kumaravel
- Alpha Hospital and Research Centre, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - J. Muthukumaran
- Arka Center for Hormonal Health, Adyar, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Kannan S, Mahadevan S, Ramji B, Jayapaul M, Kumaravel V. LDL-cholesterol: Friedewald calculated versus direct measurement-study from a large Indian laboratory database. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2014; 18:502-504. [PMID: 25143906 PMCID: PMC4138905 DOI: 10.4103/2230-8210.137496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Validity of Friedewald formula (FF) in patients with serum triglycerides (TGs) <400 mg/dl is unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS We compared low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol calculated by FF to directly measured LDL in a laboratory database of 14,620 lipid profile samples from south India. RESULTS LDL by FF correlated with directly measured LDL with correlation coefficient of 0.89 with the best correlation seen in TG levels 100-150. Higher level of TG (>200) underestimates the LDL calculated by FF particularly at LDL values <70 mg/dl. On the other hand, LDL is overestimated by FF in more than 70% of cases at LDL levels >130 mg/dl. CONCLUSION We suggest repeating the LDL by direct assay techniques particularly in patients with TG >200 and when LDL <70 or >130. This helps in correctly stratifying the coronary artery diseases' (CADs') risk and goals of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subramanian Kannan
- Consultant, Endocrinology Diabetes and Bariatric Medicine, Narayana Health City, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Bharath Ramji
- Assistant Professor Endocrinology, Chettinad Medical College, Chennai, India
| | | | - V. Kumaravel
- Department of Clinical Endocrinology, Alpha Hospital and Research Centre, Anuppanady, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Kumaravel V, Vanishree S, Anitharani M, Sathiyasekaran BWC. Author reply. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2014; 18:440. [PMID: 24944956 PMCID: PMC4056160 DOI: 10.4103/2230-8210.131235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- V Kumaravel
- Institute of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Alpha Hospital and Research Center, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Vanishree
- Department of Community Medicine, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Anitharani
- Department of Community Medicine, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - BWC Sathiyasekaran
- Department of Community Medicine, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Kumaravel V, Shriraam V, Anitharani M, Mahadevan S, Balamurugan AN, Sathiyasekaran BWC. Are the current Indian growth charts really representative? Analysis of anthropometric assessment of school children in a South Indian district. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2014; 18:56-62. [PMID: 24701431 PMCID: PMC3968734 DOI: 10.4103/2230-8210.126541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND India currently is posed by the double threat of thinness and overweight/obesity among children. Different growth charts have taken different population and give different cut-off points to assess these conditions. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to assess the anthropometry of school children, 5-18 years of age and thereby estimate the prevalence of childhood thinness, overweight and obesity. To analyze how the study population compares with that of Agarwal's growth chart. MATERIALS AND METHODS The anthropometric measurements of all the students who were studying from 1(st) to 12(th) standards were taken from 27 randomly selected Government and private schools. Prevalence of thinness, overweight and obesity were assessed using two standards - Indian standard given by Agarwal and International Standards given by International Obesity Task Force (IOTF). RESULTS The prevalence of thinness, overweight and obesity among 18,001 students enrolled as per Indian standard were 12.2%, 9.5% and 3% and as per International standard were 15.3%, 8.1% and 2.6% respectively. The mean and the 95(th) percentile values of body mass index for both boys and girls at all ages in this study are falling short of Agarwal's and IOTF values. Using international cut-offs as well as Indian cut-offs given by Agarwal, underestimate the prevalence of obesity among boys and girls of all age groups. CONCLUSION This study shows that under and over-nutrition among school children is in almost equal proportions. There is an underestimation of obesity among children whenever an Indian or an International growth chart is used. Thus, this study brings out the need for a really representative growth chart.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Kumaravel
- Institute of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Alpha Hospital and Research Center, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vanishree Shriraam
- Department of Community Medicine, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M. Anitharani
- Department of Community Medicine, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S. Mahadevan
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A. N. Balamurugan
- Clinical Islet Transplant Program, Schulze Diabetes Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - B. W. C. Sathiyasekaran
- Department of Community Medicine, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Soltani S, O’Brien T, Loganathan G, Bellin M, Anazawa T, Tiwari M, Papas K, Vickers S, Kumaravel V, Hering B, Sutherland D, Balamurugan A. Severely fibrotic pancreases from young patients with chronic pancreatitis: evidence for a ductal origin of islet neogenesis. Acta Diabetol 2013; 50:807-14. [PMID: 21773756 PMCID: PMC4124082 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-011-0306-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2011] [Accepted: 06/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
While it is known that islet cell mass increases considerably after birth, general uncertainty surrounds the source of new beta cells in humans. Chronic pancreatitis (CP) presents a natural injury model for studying postnatal beta-cell regeneration in the human pancreas. In this report, we present histological evidence from human CP pancreases to support the theory that islet neogenesis can occur from ductal precursor cells after birth. Three young patients (ages 16, 12, and 28 years) underwent total pancreatectomy for the management of CP followed by islet isolation and autologous transplantation to prevent or minimize postsurgical diabetes. In all cases, the pancreases had extensive fibrosis, a rock-like consistency, and calcifications in the ducts. During islet isolations, we observed the unusual release of islets with many ductal fragments. In histopathological evaluation of these pancreases, solid cords of cells sometimes formed islet like structures intraductally or extending from ductal structures. Immunofluorescence staining for chromogranin, insulin, proinsulin, PDX1, glucagon, and cytokeratins confirmed these structures to be composed of chromogranin-positive endocrine cells which included both β-cells and α-cells. Labeling for Ki67 to demonstrate mitotic activity showed frequent labeling of duct epithelial cells and of some periductal cells. Using insulin and wide-spectrum cytokeratin double immunofluorescent labeling, we found insulin-positive cells to be present within the ductal lumens, among the cytokeratin-positive ductal epithelium, and extending from the ductal epithelium into surrounding connective tissues, providing evidence for a ductal origin of islet neogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S.M. Soltani
- Schulze Diabetes Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - T.D. O’Brien
- Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - G. Loganathan
- Schulze Diabetes Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - M.D. Bellin
- Schulze Diabetes Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - T. Anazawa
- Schulze Diabetes Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - M. Tiwari
- Schulze Diabetes Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - K.K. Papas
- Schulze Diabetes Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - S.M. Vickers
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - V. Kumaravel
- Alpha Hospital and Research Center, Institute of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Madurai-9, TamilNadu, India
| | - B.J. Hering
- Schulze Diabetes Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - D.E.R. Sutherland
- Schulze Diabetes Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - A.N. Balamurugan
- Schulze Diabetes Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Corresponding author: A.N Balamurugan, PhD, Schulze Diabetes Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA. Phone: 651-253-0656, Fax: 612-626-5855,
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Abstract
Significant transplacental calcium transfer occurs during pregnancy, especially during the last trimester, to meet the demands of the rapidly mineralizing fetal skeleton. Similarly, there is an obligate loss of calcium in the breast milk during lactation. Both these result in considerable stress on the bone mineral homeostasis in the mother. The maternal adaptive mechanisms to conserve calcium are different in pregnancy and lactation. During pregnancy, increased intestinal absorption of calcium from the gut mainly due to higher generation of calcitriol (1,25 dihydroxy vitamin D) helps in maintaining maternal calcium levels. On the other hand, during lactation, the main compensatory mechanism is skeletal resorption due to increased generation of parathormone related peptide (PTHrP) from the breast. Previous studies suggest that in spite of considerable changes in bone mineral metabolism during pregnancy, parity and lactation are not significantly associated with future risk for osteoporosis. However, in India, the situation may not be the same as a significant proportion of pregnancies occur in the early twenties when peak bone mass is not yet achieved. Further, malnutrition, anemia and vitamin D deficiency are commonly encountered in this age group. This may have an impact on future bone health of the mother. It may also probably provide an opportunity for health care providers for prevention. Other metabolic bone diseases like hypoparathyroidism, hyperparathyroidism and pseudohypoparathyroidism are rarely encountered in pregnancy. Their clinical implications and management are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shriraam Mahadevan
- Department of Clinical Endocrinology, Dr. E. V. Kalyani Medical Centre, Chennai, India
| | - V. Kumaravel
- Department of Clinical Endocrinology, Alpha Hospital and Research Centre, Madurai, India
| | - R. Bharath
- Department of Endocrinology, Chettinad Medical College and Research Institute, Chennai, India
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15
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Loganathan G, Dawra RK, Pugazhenthi S, Guo Z, Soltani SM, Wiseman A, Sanders MA, papas KK, Kumaravel V, Saluja AK, Sutherland DE, Hering BJ, Balamurugan AN. Insulin degradation by acinar cell proteases creates a dysfunctional environment for human islets before/after transplantation: benefits of α-1 antitrypsin treatment. Transplantation 2011; 92:1222-30. [PMID: 22089666 PMCID: PMC3587768 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0b013e318237585c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic acinar cells are commonly cotransplanted along with islets during auto- and allotransplantations. The aims of this study were to identify how acinar cell proteases cause human islet cell loss before and after transplantation of impure islet preparations and to prevent islet loss and improve function with supplementation of α-1 antitrypsin (A1AT). METHODS Acinar cell protease activity, insulin levels, and percent islet loss were measured after culture of pure and impure clinical islet preparations. The effect of proteases on ultrastructure of islets and β-cell insulin granules were examined by transmission electron microscopy. The number of insulin granules and insulin-labeled immunogold particles were counted. The in vivo effect of proteases on islet function was studied by transplanting acinar cells adjacent to islet grafts in diabetic mice. The effects of A1AT culture supplementation on protease activity, insulin levels, and islet function were assessed in pure and impure islets. RESULTS Islet loss after culture was significantly higher in impure relative to pure preparations (30% vs. 14%, P<0.04). Lower islet purity was associated with increased protease activity and decreased insulin levels in culture supernatants. Reduced β-cell insulin granules and insulin degradation by proteases were confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. Transplantations in mice showed delayed islet graft function when acinar cells were transplanted adjacent to the islets under the kidney capsule. Supplementation of A1AT to impure islet cultures maintained islet cell mass, restored insulin levels, and preserved islet functional integrity. CONCLUSION Culture of impure human islet fractions in the presence of A1AT prevents insulin degradation and improves islet recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rajinder K. Dawra
- Department of Surgery, Basic and Translational Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN.
| | | | - Zhiguang Guo
- Sanford Project, Sanford Health/University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD.
| | - Sajjad M. Soltani
- Schulze Diabetes Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN.
| | | | | | - Klearchos K. papas
- Schulze Diabetes Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN.
| | - V. Kumaravel
- Alpha Hospital and Research Center, Institute of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Madurai-9, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - Ashok K. Saluja
- Department of Surgery, Basic and Translational Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN.
| | - David E.R. Sutherland
- Schulze Diabetes Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN.
| | - Bernhard J. Hering
- Schulze Diabetes Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN.
| | - A. N. Balamurugan
- Schulze Diabetes Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN.
- Corresponding author: Schulze Diabetes Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA. Phone: 651-253-0656, Fax: 612-626-5855
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16
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Unnikrishnan AG, Bhatia E, Bhatia V, Bhadada SK, Sahay RK, Kannan A, Kumaravel V, Sarma D, Ganapathy B, Thomas N, John M, Jayakumar RV, Kumar H, Nair V, Sanjeevi CB. Type 1 Diabetes versus Type 2 Diabetes with Onset in Persons Younger than 20 Years of Age. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2008; 1150:239-44. [DOI: 10.1196/annals.1447.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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