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Graffi J, Moss E, Jolicoeur-Martineau A, Moss G, Lecompte V, Pascuzzo K, Babineau V, Gordon-Green C, Mileva-Seitz VR, Minde K, Sassi R, Steiner M, Kennedy JL, Gaudreau H, Levitan R, Meaney MJ, Wazana A. The dopamine D4 receptor gene, birth weight, maternal depression, maternal attention, and the prediction of disorganized attachment at 36 months of age: A prospective gene × environment analysis. Infant Behav Dev 2018; 50:64-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Verhoeff ME, Blanken LME, Kocevska D, Mileva-Seitz VR, Jaddoe VWV, White T, Verhulst F, Luijk MPCM, Tiemeier H. The bidirectional association between sleep problems and autism spectrum disorder: a population-based cohort study. Mol Autism 2018; 9:8. [PMID: 29423134 PMCID: PMC5791216 DOI: 10.1186/s13229-018-0194-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sleep difficulties are prevalent in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The temporal nature of the association between sleep problems and ASD is unclear because longitudinal studies are lacking. Our aim is to clarify whether sleep problems precede and worsen autistic traits and ASD or occur as a consequence of the disorder. Methods Repeated sleep measures were available at 1.5, 3, 6, and 9 years of age in 5151 children participating in the Generation R Study, a large prospective birth cohort in the Netherlands. Autistic traits were determined with the Pervasive Developmental Problems score (PDP) of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) at 1.5 and 3 years and the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) at 6 years. This cohort included 81 children diagnosed with ASD. Results Sleep problems in early childhood were prospectively associated with a higher SRS score, but not when correcting for baseline PDP score. By contrast, a higher SRS score and an ASD diagnosis were associated with more sleep problems at later ages, even when adjusting for baseline sleep problems. Likewise, a trajectory of increasing sleep problems was associated with ASD. Conclusions Sleep problems and ASD are not bidirectionally associated. Sleep problems do not precede and worsen autistic behavior but rather co-occur with autistic traits in early childhood. Over time, children with ASD have an increase in sleep problems, whereas typically developing children have a decrease in sleep problems. Our findings suggest that sleep problems are part of the construct ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E Verhoeff
- 1The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,2Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, 2060, Rotterdam, 3000 CB the Netherlands
| | - Laura M E Blanken
- 1The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,2Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, 2060, Rotterdam, 3000 CB the Netherlands
| | - Desana Kocevska
- 1The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,2Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, 2060, Rotterdam, 3000 CB the Netherlands
| | - Viara R Mileva-Seitz
- 1The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Vincent W V Jaddoe
- 1The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,3Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,4Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tonya White
- 2Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, 2060, Rotterdam, 3000 CB the Netherlands.,5Department of Radiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Frank Verhulst
- 2Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, 2060, Rotterdam, 3000 CB the Netherlands
| | - Maartje P C M Luijk
- 2Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, 2060, Rotterdam, 3000 CB the Netherlands.,6Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- 2Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, 2060, Rotterdam, 3000 CB the Netherlands.,4Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,7Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Huffmeijer R, Eilander J, Mileva-Seitz VR, Rippe RCA. Changes in face-specific neural processing explain reduced cuteness and approachability of infants with cleft lip. Soc Neurosci 2017; 13:439-450. [PMID: 28591521 DOI: 10.1080/17470919.2017.1340336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The current study investigated whether changes in the neural processing of faces of infants with a facial abnormality - a cleft lip - mediate effects of the cleft lip on judgments of infant cuteness and approachability. Event-related potentials (ERPs) in response to pictures of faces of healthy infants and infants with a cleft lip, and ratings of cuteness and approachability of these infant faces, were obtained from 30 females. Infants with a cleft lip were rated as less attractive (less cute and approachable) than healthy infants, and both the N170 and P2 components of the ERP were of reduced amplitude in response to pictures of infants with a cleft lip. Importantly, decreased configural processing of infant faces with a cleft lip, as evidenced by reduced N170 amplitudes, mediated the reduced attractiveness ratings for infants with a cleft lip compared to healthy infants. Our findings help elucidate the mechanisms behind the less favorable responses to infants with a cleft lip, highlighting the role of face-specific rather than domain-general neural processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renske Huffmeijer
- a Centre for Child and Family Studies , Leiden University , Leiden , The Netherlands.,b Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC) , Leiden University , Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Janna Eilander
- a Centre for Child and Family Studies , Leiden University , Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Viara R Mileva-Seitz
- a Centre for Child and Family Studies , Leiden University , Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Ralph C A Rippe
- a Centre for Child and Family Studies , Leiden University , Leiden , The Netherlands
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Windhorst DA, Rippe RC, Mileva-Seitz VR, Verhulst FC, Jaddoe VW, Noppe G, van Rossum EF, van den Akker EL, Tiemeier H, van IJzendoorn MH, Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ. Mild perinatal adversities moderate the association between maternal harsh parenting and hair cortisol: Evidence for differential susceptibility. Dev Psychobiol 2017; 59:324-337. [DOI: 10.1002/dev.21497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dafna A. Windhorst
- Centre for Child and Family Studies; Leiden University; Leiden the Netherlands
- The Generation R Study Group; Erasmus University Medical Center; Rotterdam the Netherlands
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology; Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital; Rotterdam the Netherlands
| | - Ralph C.A. Rippe
- Centre for Child and Family Studies; Leiden University; Leiden the Netherlands
| | - Viara R. Mileva-Seitz
- Centre for Child and Family Studies; Leiden University; Leiden the Netherlands
- The Generation R Study Group; Erasmus University Medical Center; Rotterdam the Netherlands
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology; Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital; Rotterdam the Netherlands
| | - Frank C. Verhulst
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology; Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital; Rotterdam the Netherlands
| | - Vincent W.V. Jaddoe
- The Generation R Study Group; Erasmus University Medical Center; Rotterdam the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology; Erasmus University Medical Center; Rotterdam the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics; Erasmus University Medical Center; Rotterdam the Netherlands
| | - Gerard Noppe
- The Generation R Study Group; Erasmus University Medical Center; Rotterdam the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics; Erasmus University Medical Center; Rotterdam the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine; Erasmus University Medical Center; Rotterdam the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Henning Tiemeier
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology; Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital; Rotterdam the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology; Erasmus University Medical Center; Rotterdam the Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry; Erasmus University Medical Center; Rotterdam the Netherlands
| | - Marinus H. van IJzendoorn
- Centre for Child and Family Studies; Leiden University; Leiden the Netherlands
- School of Pedagogical and Educational Sciences; Erasmus University; Rotterdam the Netherlands
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Marinelli M, Pappa I, Bustamante M, Bonilla C, Suarez A, Tiesler CM, Vilor-Tejedor N, Zafarmand MH, Alvarez-Pedrerol M, Andersson S, Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ, Estivill X, Evans DM, Flexeder C, Forns J, Gonzalez JR, Guxens M, Huss A, van IJzendoorn MH, Jaddoe VW, Julvez J, Lahti J, López-Vicente M, Lopez-Espinosa MJ, Manz J, Mileva-Seitz VR, Perola M, Pesonen AK, Rivadeneira F, Salo PP, Shahand S, Schulz H, Standl M, Thiering E, Timpson NJ, Torrent M, Uitterlinden AG, Smith GD, Estarlich M, Heinrich J, Räikkönen K, Vrijkotte TG, Tiemeier H, Sunyer J. Heritability and Genome-Wide Association Analyses of Sleep Duration in Children: The EAGLE Consortium. Sleep 2016; 39:1859-1869. [PMID: 27568811 PMCID: PMC5020368 DOI: 10.5665/sleep.6170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Low or excessive sleep duration has been associated with multiple outcomes, but the biology behind these associations remains elusive. Specifically, genetic studies in children are scarce. In this study, we aimed to: (1) estimate the proportion of genetic variance of sleep duration in children attributed to common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), (2) identify novel SNPs associated with sleep duration in children, and (3) investigate the genetic overlap of sleep duration in children and related metabolic and psychiatric traits. METHODS We performed a population-based molecular genetic study, using data form the EArly Genetics and Life course Epidemiology (EAGLE) Consortium. 10,554 children of European ancestry were included in the discovery, and 1,250 children in the replication phase. RESULTS We found evidence of significant but modest SNP heritability of sleep duration in children (SNP h2 0.14, 95% CI [0.05, 0.23]) using the LD score regression method. A novel region at chromosome 11q13.4 (top SNP: rs74506765, P = 2.27e-08) was associated with sleep duration in children, but this was not replicated in independent studies. Nominally significant genetic overlap was only found (rG = 0.23, P = 0.05) between sleep duration in children and type 2 diabetes in adults, supporting the hypothesis of a common pathogenic mechanism. CONCLUSIONS The significant SNP heritability of sleep duration in children and the suggestive genetic overlap with type 2 diabetes support the search for genetic mechanisms linking sleep duration in children to multiple outcomes in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Marinelli
- Agency for Healthcare Quality and Evaluation of Catalonia (AQuAS), Roc Boronat, Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irene Pappa
- School of Pedagogical and Educational Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mariona Bustamante
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carolina Bonilla
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- MRC/University of Bristol Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Anna Suarez
- Institute of behavioural sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Carla M. Tiesler
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Division of Metabolic Diseases and Nutritional Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Natalia Vilor-Tejedor
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mohammad Hadi Zafarmand
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mar Alvarez-Pedrerol
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sture Andersson
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki, and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Xavier Estivill
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mediques (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - David M. Evans
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- MRC/University of Bristol Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Claudia Flexeder
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Joan Forns
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan R. Gonzalez
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Monica Guxens
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anke Huss
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Marinus H. van IJzendoorn
- School of Pedagogical and Educational Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Centre for Child and Family Studies, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent W.V. Jaddoe
- Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus Medical Center- Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jordi Julvez
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jari Lahti
- Institute of behavioural sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Centre, Finland
| | - Mónica López-Vicente
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria-Jose Lopez-Espinosa
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO, Universitat Jaume I, Universitat de València, Spain
| | - Judith Manz
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Markus Perola
- Public Health Genomics Unit and Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, University of Helsinki, Finland
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Perttu P. Salo
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Shayan Shahand
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Holger Schulz
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Marie Standl
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Thiering
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Division of Metabolic Diseases and Nutritional Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Nicholas J. Timpson
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- MRC/University of Bristol Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - André G. Uitterlinden
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - George Davey Smith
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- MRC/University of Bristol Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Marisa Estarlich
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO, Universitat Jaume I, Universitat de València, Spain
| | - Joachim Heinrich
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Katri Räikkönen
- Institute of behavioural sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tanja G.M. Vrijkotte
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jordi Sunyer
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mediques (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Address correspondence to: Jordi Sunyer, PhD,
ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Doctor Aiguader, 88, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain+34 93 214 73 00+ 34 93 214 73 02
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Windhorst DA, Mileva-Seitz VR, Rippe RCA, Tiemeier H, Jaddoe VWV, Verhulst FC, van IJzendoorn MH, Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ. Beyond main effects of gene-sets: harsh parenting moderates the association between a dopamine gene-set and child externalizing behavior. Brain Behav 2016; 6:e00498. [PMID: 27547500 PMCID: PMC4980469 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In a longitudinal cohort study, we investigated the interplay of harsh parenting and genetic variation across a set of functionally related dopamine genes, in association with children's externalizing behavior. This is one of the first studies to employ gene-based and gene-set approaches in tests of Gene by Environment (G × E) effects on complex behavior. This approach can offer an important alternative or complement to candidate gene and genome-wide environmental interaction (GWEI) studies in the search for genetic variation underlying individual differences in behavior. METHODS Genetic variants in 12 autosomal dopaminergic genes were available in an ethnically homogenous part of a population-based cohort. Harsh parenting was assessed with maternal (n = 1881) and paternal (n = 1710) reports at age 3. Externalizing behavior was assessed with the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) at age 5 (71 ± 3.7 months). We conducted gene-set analyses of the association between variation in dopaminergic genes and externalizing behavior, stratified for harsh parenting. RESULTS The association was statistically significant or approached significance for children without harsh parenting experiences, but was absent in the group with harsh parenting. Similarly, significant associations between single genes and externalizing behavior were only found in the group without harsh parenting. Effect sizes in the groups with and without harsh parenting did not differ significantly. Gene-environment interaction tests were conducted for individual genetic variants, resulting in two significant interaction effects (rs1497023 and rs4922132) after correction for multiple testing. CONCLUSION Our findings are suggestive of G × E interplay, with associations between dopamine genes and externalizing behavior present in children without harsh parenting, but not in children with harsh parenting experiences. Harsh parenting may overrule the role of genetic factors in externalizing behavior. Gene-based and gene-set analyses offer promising new alternatives to analyses focusing on single candidate polymorphisms when examining the interplay between genetic and environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafna A Windhorst
- Centre for Child and Family Studies Leiden University Leiden The Netherlands; The Generation R Study Group Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam The Netherlands; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - Viara R Mileva-Seitz
- Centre for Child and Family Studies Leiden University Leiden The Netherlands; The Generation R Study Group Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam The Netherlands; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - Ralph C A Rippe
- Centre for Child and Family Studies Leiden University Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital Rotterdam The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - Vincent W V Jaddoe
- The Generation R Study Group Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam The Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - Frank C Verhulst
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - Marinus H van IJzendoorn
- Centre for Child and Family Studies Leiden University Leiden The Netherlands; School of Pedagogical and Educational Sciences Erasmus University Rotterdam The Netherlands
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7
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Pappa I, St Pourcain B, Benke K, Cavadino A, Hakulinen C, Nivard MG, Nolte IM, Tiesler CMT, Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ, Davies GE, Evans DM, Geoffroy MC, Grallert H, Groen-Blokhuis MM, Hudziak JJ, Kemp JP, Keltikangas-Järvinen L, McMahon G, Mileva-Seitz VR, Motazedi E, Power C, Raitakari OT, Ring SM, Rivadeneira F, Rodriguez A, Scheet PA, Seppälä I, Snieder H, Standl M, Thiering E, Timpson NJ, Veenstra R, Velders FP, Whitehouse AJO, Smith GD, Heinrich J, Hypponen E, Lehtimäki T, Middeldorp CM, Oldehinkel AJ, Pennell CE, Boomsma DI, Tiemeier H. A genome-wide approach to children's aggressive behavior: The EAGLE consortium. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2016; 171:562-72. [PMID: 26087016 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Individual differences in aggressive behavior emerge in early childhood and predict persisting behavioral problems and disorders. Studies of antisocial and severe aggression in adulthood indicate substantial underlying biology. However, little attention has been given to genome-wide approaches of aggressive behavior in children. We analyzed data from nine population-based studies and assessed aggressive behavior using well-validated parent-reported questionnaires. This is the largest sample exploring children's aggressive behavior to date (N = 18,988), with measures in two developmental stages (N = 15,668 early childhood and N = 16,311 middle childhood/early adolescence). First, we estimated the additive genetic variance of children's aggressive behavior based on genome-wide SNP information, using genome-wide complex trait analysis (GCTA). Second, genetic associations within each study were assessed using a quasi-Poisson regression approach, capturing the highly right-skewed distribution of aggressive behavior. Third, we performed meta-analyses of genome-wide associations for both the total age-mixed sample and the two developmental stages. Finally, we performed a gene-based test using the summary statistics of the total sample. GCTA quantified variance tagged by common SNPs (10-54%). The meta-analysis of the total sample identified one region in chromosome 2 (2p12) at near genome-wide significance (top SNP rs11126630, P = 5.30 × 10(-8) ). The separate meta-analyses of the two developmental stages revealed suggestive evidence of association at the same locus. The gene-based analysis indicated association of variation within AVPR1A with aggressive behavior. We conclude that common variants at 2p12 show suggestive evidence for association with childhood aggression. Replication of these initial findings is needed, and further studies should clarify its biological meaning. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Pappa
- School of Pedagogical and Educational Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Beate St Pourcain
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- School of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Kelly Benke
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Mental Health Department, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Alana Cavadino
- Population, Policy and Practice, UCL Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Hakulinen
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Michel G Nivard
- Netherlands Twin Register, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam (NCA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ilja M Nolte
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Carla M T Tiesler
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Metabolic Diseases and Nutritional Medicine, Dr von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Gareth E Davies
- Avera Institute for Human Genetics, Sioux Falls, South Dakota
| | - David M Evans
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Marie-Claude Geoffroy
- Population, Policy and Practice, UCL Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Harald Grallert
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Maria M Groen-Blokhuis
- Netherlands Twin Register, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - James J Hudziak
- Vermont Center for Children, Youth, and Families, Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, College of Medicine, Vermont
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, The Netherlands
| | - John P Kemp
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | | | - George McMahon
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Viara R Mileva-Seitz
- School of Pedagogical and Educational Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ehsan Motazedi
- Department of Biostatistics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christine Power
- Population, Policy and Practice, UCL Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku and Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Susan M Ring
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, The Netherlands
| | - Alina Rodriguez
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul A Scheet
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas/MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ilkka Seppälä
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere, Finland
| | - Harold Snieder
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marie Standl
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Thiering
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Metabolic Diseases and Nutritional Medicine, Dr von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Nicholas J Timpson
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - René Veenstra
- Department of Sociology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Fleur P Velders
- Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - George Davey Smith
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Joachim Heinrich
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Elina Hypponen
- School of Pedagogical and Educational Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- School of Population Health and Sansom Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere, Finland
| | - Christel M Middeldorp
- Netherlands Twin Register, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam (NCA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of child and adolescent psychiatry, GGZ in Geest/VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Albertine J Oldehinkel
- Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Craig E Pennell
- School of Women's and Infants' Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Netherlands Twin Register, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, The Netherlands
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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8
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Rijlaarsdam J, Pappa I, Walton E, Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ, Mileva-Seitz VR, Rippe RC, Roza SJ, Jaddoe VW, Verhulst FC, Felix JF, Cecil CA, Relton CL, Gaunt TR, McArdle W, Mill J, Barker ED, Tiemeier H, van IJzendoorn MH. An epigenome-wide association meta-analysis of prenatal maternal stress in neonates: A model approach for replication. Epigenetics 2016; 11:140-9. [PMID: 26889969 PMCID: PMC4846102 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2016.1145329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal maternal stress exposure has been associated with neonatal differential DNA methylation. However, the available evidence in humans is largely based on candidate gene methylation studies, where only a few CpG sites were evaluated. The aim of this study was to examine the association between prenatal exposure to maternal stress and offspring genome-wide cord blood methylation using different methods. First, we conducted a meta-analysis and follow-up pathway analyses. Second, we used novel region discovery methods [i.e., differentially methylated regions (DMRs) analyses]. To this end, we used data from two independent population-based studies, the Generation R Study (n = 912) and the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC, n = 828), to (i) measure genome-wide DNA methylation in cord blood and (ii) extract a prenatal maternal stress composite. The meta-analysis (ntotal = 1,740) revealed no epigenome-wide (meta P <1.00e-07) associations of prenatal maternal stress exposure with neonatal differential DNA methylation. Follow-up analyses of the top hits derived from our epigenome-wide meta-analysis (meta P <1.00e-04) indicated an over-representation of the methyltransferase activity pathway. We identified no Bonferroni-corrected (P <1.00e-06) DMRs associated with prenatal maternal stress exposure. Combining data from two independent population-based samples in an epigenome-wide meta-analysis, the current study indicates that there are no large effects of prenatal maternal stress exposure on neonatal DNA methylation. Such replication efforts are essential in the search for robust associations, whether derived from candidate gene methylation or epigenome-wide studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolien Rijlaarsdam
- Centre for Child and Family Studies, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/ Psychology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Irene Pappa
- Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- School of Pedagogical and Educational Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Esther Walton
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Viara R. Mileva-Seitz
- Centre for Child and Family Studies, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ralph C.A. Rippe
- Centre for Child and Family Studies, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Sabine J. Roza
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/ Psychology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Vincent W.V. Jaddoe
- Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Frank C. Verhulst
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/ Psychology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Janine F. Felix
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Charlotte A.M. Cecil
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Caroline L. Relton
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Tom R. Gaunt
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Wendy McArdle
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jonathan Mill
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Edward D. Barker
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/ Psychology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marinus H. van IJzendoorn
- Centre for Child and Family Studies, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
- School of Pedagogical and Educational Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Abstract
This article is part of a Special Issue "Parental Care". The complexities of parenting behavior in humans have been studied for decades. Only recently did we begin to probe the genetic and epigenetic mechanisms underlying these complexities. Much of the research in this field continues to be informed by animal studies, where genetic manipulations and invasive tools allow to peek into and directly observe the brain during the expression of maternal behavior. In humans, studies of adult twins who are parents can suggest dimensions of parenting that might be more amenable to a genetic influence. Candidate gene studies can test specific genes in association with parental behavior based on prior knowledge of those genes' function. Gene-by-environment interactions of a specific kind indicating differential susceptibility to the environment might explain why some parents are more resilient and others are more vulnerable to stressful life events. Epigenetic studies can provide the bridge often necessary to explain why some individuals behave differently from others despite common genetic influences. There is a much-needed expansion in parenting research to include not only mothers as the focus-as has been the case almost exclusively to date-but also fathers, grandparents, and other caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viara R Mileva-Seitz
- Center for Child and Family Studies, Leiden University, PO Box 9555, 2300 RB Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2060, 3000 CB Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | | | - Marinus H van IJzendoorn
- Center for Child and Family Studies, Leiden University, PO Box 9555, 2300 RB Leiden, The Netherlands; School of Pedagogical and Educational Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, PO Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Mileva-Seitz VR, Luijk MP, van Ijzendoorn MH, Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ, Jaddoe VW, Hofman A, Verhulst FC, Tiemeier H. ASSOCIATION BETWEEN INFANT NIGHTTIME-SLEEP LOCATION AND ATTACHMENT SECURITY: NO EASY VERDICT. Infant Ment Health J 2015; 37:5-16. [DOI: 10.1002/imhj.21547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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11
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Pappa I, Mileva-Seitz VR, Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ, Tiemeier H, van IJzendoorn MH. The magnificent seven: A quantitative review of dopamine receptor d4 and its association with child behavior. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2015; 57:175-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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Pappa I, Fedko IO, Mileva-Seitz VR, Hottenga JJ, Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ, Bartels M, van Beijsterveldt CEM, Jaddoe VWV, Middeldorp CM, Rippe RCA, Rivadeneira F, Tiemeier H, Verhulst FC, van IJzendoorn MH, Boomsma DI. Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Heritability of Behavior Problems in Childhood: Genome-Wide Complex Trait Analysis. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2015; 54:737-44. [PMID: 26299295 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2015.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Genetic factors contribute to individual differences in behavior problems. In children, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have yielded the first suggestive results when aiming to identify genetic variants that explain heritability, but the proportion of genetic variance that can be attributed to common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) remains to be determined, as only a few studies have estimated SNP heritability, with diverging results. METHOD Genomic-relationship-matrix restricted maximum likelihood (GREML) as implemented in the software Genome-Wide Complex Trait Analysis (GCTA) was used to estimate SNP heritability (SNP h(2)) for multiple phenotypes within 4 broad domains of children's behavioral problems (attention-deficit/hyperactivity symptoms, internalizing, externalizing, and pervasive developmental problems) and cognitive function. We combined phenotype and genotype data from 2 independent, population-based Dutch cohorts, yielding a total number of 1,495 to 3,175 of 3-, 7-, and 9-year-old children. RESULTS Significant SNP heritability estimates were found for attention-deficit/hyperactivity symptoms (SNP h(2) = 0.37-0.71), externalizing problems (SNP h(2) = 0.44), and total problems (SNP h(2) = 0.18), rated by mother or teacher. Sensitivity analyses with exclusion of extreme cases and quantile normalization of the phenotype data decreased SNP h(2) as expected under genetic inheritance, but they remained statistically significant for most phenotypes. CONCLUSION We provide evidence of the influence of common SNPs on child behavior problems in an ethnically homogenous sample. These results support the continuation of large GWAS collaborative efforts to unravel the genetic basis of complex child behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Pappa
- School of Pedagogical and Educational Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands and the Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center
| | | | - Viara R Mileva-Seitz
- Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center; Centre for Child and Family Studies
| | - Jouke-Jan Hottenga
- VU University Amsterdam; EMGO(+) Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam
| | | | - Meike Bartels
- VU University Amsterdam; EMGO(+) Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam; Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam
| | | | - Vincent W V Jaddoe
- Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center; Erasmus Medical Center
| | | | | | | | - Henning Tiemeier
- Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center; Erasmus Medical Center; Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam
| | - Frank C Verhulst
- Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center; Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam
| | - Marinus H van IJzendoorn
- School of Pedagogical and Educational Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands and the Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center; Centre for Child and Family Studies, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- VU University Amsterdam; EMGO(+) Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam; Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam
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13
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Pappa I, Szekely E, Mileva-Seitz VR, Luijk MPCM, Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ, van IJzendoorn MH, Tiemeier H. Beyond the usual suspects: a multidimensional genetic exploration of infant attachment disorganization and security. Attach Hum Dev 2015; 17:288-301. [PMID: 25939396 DOI: 10.1080/14616734.2015.1037316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Although the environmental influences on infant attachment disorganization and security are well-studied, little is known about their heritability. Candidate gene studies have shown small, often non-replicable effects. In this study, we gathered the largest sample (N = 657) of ethnically homogenous, 14-month-old children with both observed attachment and genome-wide data. First, we used a Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) approach to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with attachment disorganization and security. Second, we annotated them into genes (Versatile Gene-based Association Study) and functional pathways. Our analyses provide evidence of novel genes (HDAC1, ZNF675, BSCD1) and pathways (synaptic transmission, cation transport) associated with attachment disorganization. Similar analyses identified a novel gene (BECN1) but no distinct pathways associated with attachment security. The results of this first extensive, exploratory study on the molecular-genetic basis of infant attachment await replication in large, independent samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Pappa
- a School of Pedagogical and Educational Sciences , Erasmus University Rotterdam , Rotterdam , The Netherlands
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14
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Graffi J, Moss E, Jolicoeur-Martineau A, Moss G, Lecompte V, Pascuzzo K, Babineau V, Gordon-Green C, Mileva-Seitz VR, Minde K, Sassi R, Carrey N, Kennedy JL, Gaudreau H, Levitan R, Meaney M, Wazana A. Preschool children without 7-repeat DRD4 gene more likely to develop disorganized attachment style. McGill Sci Undergrad Res J 2015; 10:31-36. [PMID: 28574063 PMCID: PMC5447455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current paper aimed to explore the effects of birth weight and the 7-repeat allele in Exon III of the dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) gene on the development of disorganized attachment, a potential endophenotype of depression. Infants born with low birth weight have been shown to be at higher risk for later neurological impairments, psychological disorders or behavioural problems. The DRD4 gene is critical for the cognitive and emotional processes that are sub-served by neural circuits in the prefrontal cortex. This paper examined the main effect of birth weight and DRD4 on the development of disorganized attachment. METHODS Data was used from the Maternal Adversity, Vulnerability and Neurodevelopment (MAVAN) project. The sample consisted of 251 mother-child dyads with complete data. Attachment style was assessed using the modified separation-reunion procedure. RESULTS There was no main effect for birth weight on disorganized attachment, (b = -0.001, p = 0.998). There was, however, a main effect for the DRD4 7-repeat polymorphism on disorganized attachment (b = -1.120, p = 0.004). LIMITATIONS Compared to studies of similar design, the sample size in this study was relatively small. Additionally, a significant number of subjects did not have complete data. CONCLUSIONS Children without the DRD4 7-repeat allele were more likely to have disorganized attachment than children with the DRD4 7-repeat allele. This indicates that the 7-repeate allele of the DRD4 gene may actually serve as a protective factor against disorganized attachment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Graffi
- McGill University, Montreal
- Centre for Child Development and Mental Health, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal
| | - Ellen Moss
- University de Quebec à Montréal, Montreal
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Helene Gaudreau
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health and, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal
| | | | - Michael Meaney
- McGill University, Montreal
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health and, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal
| | - Ashley Wazana
- McGill University, Montreal
- Centre for Child Development and Mental Health, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal
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15
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Pappa I, Mileva-Seitz VR, Szekely E, Verhulst FC, Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ, Jaddoe VWV, Hofman A, Tiemeier H, van IJzendoorn MH. DRD4 VNTRs, observed stranger fear in preschoolers and later ADHD symptoms. Psychiatry Res 2014; 220:982-6. [PMID: 25262643 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Fear of strangers is a developmental milestone in childhood that encompasses behavioral inhibition and decreased novelty seeking. Children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often exhibit fearless and impulsive behaviors, similar to those observed in children with atypically low levels of stranger fear. It is currently unknown whether these behaviors share common underlying biological mechanisms. Polymorphisms in the dopamine receptor 4 gene (DRD4) have been implicated in the risk for developing ADHD symptoms in childhood. Here we investigate whether (1) DRD4 variable number tandem repeats (VNTRs) are associated with both stranger fear and ADHD symptoms, and (2) stranger fear in preschoolers mediates the link between DRD4 VNTRs and ADHD in later childhood. Stranger fear was observed in a large sample (N=589) of 3-year-old Caucasian children and ADHD symptoms were assessed by a validated, mother-rated questionnaire at 6 years. We found evidence that longer DRD4 variants were associated with increased ADHD symptoms at 6 years, and that this relationship was partially mediated by lower levels of observed stranger fear at 3 years. Our results suggest a common underlying neurobiological mechanism in the association between low stranger fear and ADHD symptoms; variation in DRD4 may be an important contributor to this mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Pappa
- School of Pedagogical and Educational Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Viara R Mileva-Seitz
- School of Pedagogical and Educational Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eszter Szekely
- Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children׳s Hospital, The Netherlands
| | - Frank C Verhulst
- Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children׳s Hospital, The Netherlands
| | | | - Vincent W V Jaddoe
- Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children׳s Hospital, The Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children׳s Hospital, The Netherlands
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children׳s Hospital, The Netherlands
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children׳s Hospital, The Netherlands
| | - Marinus H van IJzendoorn
- School of Pedagogical and Educational Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Centre for Child and Family Studies, Leiden University, PO Box 9555, 2300 RB Leiden, The Netherlands.
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16
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Luijk MPCM, Sonnenschein-van der Voort AMM, Mileva-Seitz VR, Jansen PW, Verhulst FC, Hofman A, Jaddoe VWV, de Jongste JC, van IJzendoorn MH, Duijts L, Tiemeier H. Is parent-child bed-sharing a risk for wheezing and asthma in early childhood? Eur Respir J 2014; 45:661-9. [PMID: 25504998 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00041714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Household crowding can place young children at risk for respiratory infections which subsequently provoke asthma symptoms. However, crowding might also protect against asthma, in accordance with the hygiene hypothesis. We tested if parent-infant bed-sharing, an important dimension of household crowding, increases or decreases the risk for asthma. In a population-based prospective cohort (N = 6160) we assessed bed-sharing at 2 and 24 months; wheezing between 1 and 6 years of age; and asthma at 6 years of age. Generalised estimating equation models were used to assess repeated measures of wheezing and asthma. We found no association between bed-sharing in early infancy and wheezing or diagnosis of asthma. By contrast, we found a positive association between bed-sharing in toddlerhood and both wheezing (OR 1.42, 95% CI 1.15-1.74) and asthma (OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.03-2.38). Wheezing was not associated with bed-sharing when using cross-lagged modelling. This study suggests that bed-sharing in toddlerhood is associated with an increased risk of asthma at later ages, and not vice versa. Further studies are needed to explore the underlying causal mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maartje P C M Luijk
- School of Pedagogical and Educational Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Agnes M M Sonnenschein-van der Voort
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands Dept of Pediatrics, Division of Respiratory Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Viara R Mileva-Seitz
- School of Pedagogical and Educational Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pauline W Jansen
- Dept of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands Institute of Psychology, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank C Verhulst
- Dept of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Albert Hofman
- Dept of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent W V Jaddoe
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands Dept of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands Dept of Pediatrics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johan C de Jongste
- Dept of Pediatrics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marinus H van IJzendoorn
- School of Pedagogical and Educational Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands Center for Child and Family Studies, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Liesbeth Duijts
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands Dept of Pediatrics, Division of Respiratory Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands Dept of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- Dept of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands Dept of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands Dept of Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Mileva-Seitz VR, Ghassabian A, Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ, van den Brink JD, Linting M, Jaddoe VWV, Hofman A, Verhulst FC, Tiemeier H, van IJzendoorn MH. Are boys more sensitive to sensitivity? Parenting and executive function in preschoolers. J Exp Child Psychol 2014; 130:193-208. [PMID: 25462041 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2014.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
During early childhood, girls outperform boys on key dimensions of cognitive functions, including inhibitory control, sustained attention, and working memory. The role of parenting in these sex differences is unknown despite evidence that boys are more sensitive to the effects of the early environment. In this study, we measured parental sensitivity at 14 and 36 months of age, and children's cognitive and executive functions (sustained attention, inhibitory control, and forward/backward memory) at 52 months of age, in a longitudinal cohort (N=752). Boys scored significantly lower than girls on inhibitory control (more Go/NoGo "commission errors") and short-term memory (forward color recall task), but boys did not differ from girls on attention (Go/NoGo "omission errors") or working memory (backward color recall task). In stratified analyses, parental sensitivity at 36 months of age was negatively associated with number of errors of commission (p=.05) and omission (p=.02) in boys, whereas child's age was the only significant predictor of commission and omission errors in girls. A combined analysis of both sexes confirmed an interaction between sex and parenting for omission errors (p=.03). The results indicate that sex differences in cognitive functions are evident in preschoolers, although not across all dimensions we assessed. Boys appear to be more vulnerable to early parenting effects, but only in association with omission errors (attention) and not with the other cognitive function dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viara R Mileva-Seitz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CB Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Center for Child and Family Studies, Leiden University, 2300 RB Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Akhgar Ghassabian
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CB Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jessica D van den Brink
- Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marielle Linting
- Center for Child and Family Studies, Leiden University, 2300 RB Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent W V Jaddoe
- Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CB Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank C Verhulst
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CB Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CB Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marinus H van IJzendoorn
- Center for Child and Family Studies, Leiden University, 2300 RB Leiden, The Netherlands; School of Pedagogical and Educational Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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18
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Windhorst DA, Mileva-Seitz VR, Linting M, Hofman A, Jaddoe VWV, Verhulst FC, Tiemeier H, van IJzendoorn MH, Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ. Differential susceptibility in a developmental perspective: DRD4 and maternal sensitivity predicting externalizing behavior. Dev Psychobiol 2014; 57:35-49. [PMID: 25251423 DOI: 10.1002/dev.21257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This study is the first to investigate the longitudinal effects of gene-environment interplay between DRD4 genotype and maternal sensitivity on child externalizing behavior. Multiple measures of maternal sensitivity (14, 36, and 48 months) and externalizing behavior (18 months, 36 months, and 5 years) were assessed in a large cohort study (N = 548). Early maternal insensitivity (14 months) was associated with early externalizing behavior (18 months) in a for better and for worse manner, but only in children with at least one DRD4 7-repeat, consistent with a differential susceptibility model. Later insensitivity (48 months) predicted externalizing behavior at age 5 independent of DRD4 genotype. A structural equation model including all measures across time supported the differential susceptibility model: The overall effect of early maternal sensitivity on later externalizing behavior was significant only for children with a DRD4 7-repeat allele. The results highlight the importance of studying gene-environment interactions across development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafna A Windhorst
- Centre for Child and Family Studies, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands; The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Luijk MP, Mileva-Seitz VR, Jansen PW, van IJzendoorn MH, Jaddoe VW, Raat H, Hofman A, Verhulst FC, Tiemeier H. Ethnic differences in prevalence and determinants of mother–child bed-sharing in early childhood. Sleep Med 2013; 14:1092-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2013.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Revised: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/06/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Mileva-Seitz VR, Louis RP, Stephenson R. A visual aid for computer-based analysis of sleep–wake state in rats. J Neurosci Methods 2005; 148:43-8. [PMID: 15885800 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2005.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2004] [Revised: 10/21/2004] [Accepted: 04/05/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Computer-based sleep scoring systems are often calibrated by reference to a conventional visual analysis of electroencephalographic (EEG) and electromyographic (EMG) traces. However, these types of data place high demands on digital storage capacity which may limit the duration or feasibility of some studies. The present paper describes an approach to visual analysis that involves reconstruction of a waveform (termed a "pseudopolygram" (PPG)) from conditioned data derived from the EEG and EMG. The PPG is the sum of three sine waves, each of which has a distinct frequency (non-REM sleep (NREM), 3 Hz; rapid eye movement sleep (REM), 7 Hz and wakefulness (WAKE), 60 Hz) and amplitude proportional to the value of a state-specific scoring variable. Thus, in NREM sleep the wave depicting the NREM quantifier has high amplitude and produces a PPG with dominant 3 Hz frequency. In REM sleep, the wave depicting the REM quantifier has high amplitude and produces a PPG with a dominant 7 Hz frequency, and in WAKE the PPG is dominated by 60 Hz. Thus, the PPG provides a means for visual discrimination of the three behavioural states. Validation studies found an overall reliability of 94% compared with conventional visual analysis of EEG and EMG. The PPG was also found to remain accurate in rats after 24 h of sleep deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viara R Mileva-Seitz
- Department of Zoology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord Street, Toronto, Ont., Canada M5S 3G5
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