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Guillard A, Gaultier E, Cartier C, Devoille L, Noireaux J, Chevalier L, Morin M, Grandin F, Lacroix MZ, Coméra C, Cazanave A, de Place A, Gayrard V, Bach V, Chardon K, Bekhti N, Adel-Patient K, Vayssière C, Fisicaro P, Feltin N, de la Farge F, Picard-Hagen N, Lamas B, Houdeau E. Basal Ti level in the human placenta and meconium and evidence of a materno-foetal transfer of food-grade TiO 2 nanoparticles in an ex vivo placental perfusion model. Part Fibre Toxicol 2020; 17:51. [PMID: 33023621 PMCID: PMC7541303 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-020-00381-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is broadly used in common consumer goods, including as a food additive (E171 in Europe) for colouring and opacifying properties. The E171 additive contains TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs), part of them being absorbed in the intestine and accumulated in several systemic organs. Exposure to TiO2-NPs in rodents during pregnancy resulted in alteration of placental functions and a materno-foetal transfer of NPs, both with toxic effects on the foetus. However, no human data are available for pregnant women exposed to food-grade TiO2-NPs and their potential transfer to the foetus. In this study, human placentae collected at term from normal pregnancies and meconium (the first stool of newborns) from unpaired mothers/children were analysed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) coupled to energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy for their titanium (Ti) contents and for analysis of TiO2 particle deposition, respectively. Using an ex vivo placenta perfusion model, we also assessed the transplacental passage of food-grade TiO2 particles. Results By ICP-MS analysis, we evidenced the presence of Ti in all placentae (basal level ranging from 0.01 to 0.48 mg/kg of tissue) and in 50% of the meconium samples (0.02–1.50 mg/kg), suggesting a materno-foetal passage of Ti. STEM-EDX observation of the placental tissues confirmed the presence of TiO2-NPs in addition to iron (Fe), tin (Sn), aluminium (Al) and silicon (Si) as mixed or isolated particle deposits. TiO2 particles, as well as Si, Al, Fe and zinc (Zn) particles were also recovered in the meconium. In placenta perfusion experiments, confocal imaging and SEM-EDX analysis of foetal exudate confirmed a low transfer of food-grade TiO2 particles to the foetal side, which was barely quantifiable by ICP-MS. Diameter measurements showed that 70 to 100% of the TiO2 particles recovered in the foetal exudate were nanosized. Conclusions Altogether, these results show a materno-foetal transfer of TiO2 particles during pregnancy, with food-grade TiO2 as a potential source for foetal exposure to NPs. These data emphasize the need for risk assessment of chronic exposure to TiO2-NPs during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Guillard
- Toxalim UMR1331 (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Toulouse University, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - E Gaultier
- Toxalim UMR1331 (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Toulouse University, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - C Cartier
- Toxalim UMR1331 (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Toulouse University, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - L Devoille
- Department of materials, LNE, Trappes, France
| | - J Noireaux
- Department for biomedical and inorganic chemistry, LNE, Paris, France
| | - L Chevalier
- Group Physic of Materials, GPM-UMR6634, CNRS, Rouen University, Rouen, France
| | - M Morin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Paule de Viguier Hospital, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - F Grandin
- Toxalim UMR1331 (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Toulouse University, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - M Z Lacroix
- INTHERES, UMR 1436 Toulouse University, INRAE, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | - C Coméra
- Toxalim UMR1331 (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Toulouse University, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - A Cazanave
- Toxalim UMR1331 (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Toulouse University, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - A de Place
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Paule de Viguier Hospital, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - V Gayrard
- Toxalim UMR1331 (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Toulouse University, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - V Bach
- Péritox UMR-I 01 (Perinatality and Toxic Risk), Jules Verne University, Amiens, France
| | - K Chardon
- Péritox UMR-I 01 (Perinatality and Toxic Risk), Jules Verne University, Amiens, France
| | - N Bekhti
- Université Paris Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SPI, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - K Adel-Patient
- Université Paris Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SPI, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - C Vayssière
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Paule de Viguier Hospital, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,UMR 1027 INSERM, Team SPHERE, Toulouse III University, Toulouse, France
| | - P Fisicaro
- Department for biomedical and inorganic chemistry, LNE, Paris, France
| | - N Feltin
- Department of materials, LNE, Trappes, France
| | - F de la Farge
- Toxalim UMR1331 (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Toulouse University, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - N Picard-Hagen
- Toxalim UMR1331 (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Toulouse University, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - B Lamas
- Toxalim UMR1331 (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Toulouse University, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - E Houdeau
- Toxalim UMR1331 (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Toulouse University, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France.
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Darwiche W, Delanaud S, Dupont S, Ghamlouch H, Ramadan W, Joumaa W, Bach V, Gay-Quéheillard J. Impact of prenatal and postnatal exposure to the pesticide chlorpyrifos on the contraction of rat ileal muscle strips: involvement of an inducible nitric oxide synthase-dependent pathway. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2017; 29. [PMID: 27545116 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal/postnatal exposure to insecticides has been linked to developmental disorders in adulthood. Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is a widely used organophosphorus acetylcholinesterase (AChE)-inhibiting insecticide. The present study established whether prenatal and postnatal exposure to CPF is associated with intestinal motor dysfunction in adult rats. METHODS Three groups of pregnant rats were exposed to either CPF (1 or 5 mg/kg/day; the CPF1 and CPF5 groups) or vehicle (the control group) by gavage from gestational day 1 until weaning. At weaning, the pups were separated from their dams and individually gavaged (with the same dose) until postnatal day 60. We then measured in vivo intestinal transit and the in vitro contractile responses of ileal smooth muscle strips to electrical field stimulation. Expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the ileum was determined using qRT-PCR and immunoblots. Morphometry and AChE assays were also performed. KEY RESULTS At adulthood, the mean body mass was lower in the CPF1 and CPF5 groups than in controls. CPF5 exposure was associated with weaker in vitro contraction of ileal muscle strips, which was reversed by adding the NOS inhibitor (L-NAME). There was no significant intergroup difference in the mean in vivo transit time. Exposure to CPF was associated with greater iNOS expression, lower AChE activity and reduced circular and longitudinal smooth muscle thickness. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES Prenatal and postnatal exposure to CPF in the rat is associated with weaker contraction of ileal longitudinal smooth muscle via a nitrergic mechanism with increased iNOS expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Darwiche
- PériTox, Périnatalité & Risques Toxiques, UMR-I 01 INERIS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France.,PhyToxE, PhysioToxicité Environnementale, Lebanese University, Nabatieh, Lebanon
| | - S Delanaud
- PériTox, Périnatalité & Risques Toxiques, UMR-I 01 INERIS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - S Dupont
- EA4666, LNPC, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - H Ghamlouch
- EA4666, LNPC, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - W Ramadan
- PhyToxE, PhysioToxicité Environnementale, Lebanese University, Nabatieh, Lebanon.,Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - W Joumaa
- PhyToxE, PhysioToxicité Environnementale, Lebanese University, Nabatieh, Lebanon
| | - V Bach
- PériTox, Périnatalité & Risques Toxiques, UMR-I 01 INERIS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - J Gay-Quéheillard
- PériTox, Périnatalité & Risques Toxiques, UMR-I 01 INERIS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
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Zaidat O, Mehta B, Yoo A, von Kummer R, Khatri P, Gupta R, Lopes D, Frei D, Shownkeen H, Meyer D, Bach V, Buell H, Kuo S, Bose A, Sit S, Mocco J. O-003 Time to Stroke Intervention is Reduced When CT Angiography is Performed Immediately after Non-contrast CT. J Neurointerv Surg 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/neurintsurg-2016-012589.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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von Kummer R, Frei D, Yoo A, Zaidat O, Khatri P, Gupta R, Lopes D, Shownkeen H, Meyer D, Buell H, Bach V, Kuo S, Bose A, Sit S, Mocco J. O-011 Symptomatic Intracranial Hemorrhage After Reperfusion Therapy – Impact of Definition on its Frequency. J Neurointerv Surg 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/neurintsurg-2016-012589.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Barcat L, Dekens C, Caron-Lesenechal E, Degorre C, Cauliez A, Riou B, Vasseur A, Gromada V, Leke A, Bach V, Tourneux P. [Evaluation of the measurement of hemoglobin by the Hemocue System® in the preterm neonate less than 28 days old]. Arch Pediatr 2016; 23:255-60. [PMID: 26795359 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hemoglobin (Hb) measurement is essential for the monitoring of anemia in preterm neonates to assess if any bleeding (pulmonary, cerebral, digestive) is present. EDTA samples require 500 μL vs. 10 μL for the Hemocue(®) system. This system has been evaluated and validated in adults and children but not in preterm neonates with fetal hemoglobin. The aim of the study was to compare Hb measurement with the Hemocue(®) system vs. the EDTA laboratory system on fetal Hb in preterm neonates. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a prospective study conducted in the preterm intensive care unit in the Amiens Hospital. Preterm neonates, before 28 days of life, requiring EDTA (Hb) measurement were included. Two Hemocues(®) were performed at the same time. Postnatal age (correlated to the fetal hemoglobin level decrease), blood sample site, and other factors that could influence the Hb result were evaluated. RESULTS Seventy-six EDTA and 152 Hemocue(®) samples from 38 preterm neonates were included. The term was 28.1±3.7 weeks of gestation, the birth weight was 1215.5±657 g. We found a good correlation between the Hemocue(®) and EDTA samples (Hemocue(®)=EDTA*0.94-0.4; R(2)=0.63; P<0.001). The influence of confounding factors was insignificant. CONCLUSION The use of the Hemocue(®) system showed a good correlation with the EDTA measurement of fetal Hb, with a moderate bias (-0.2±1.5 g/dL), which remained stable for the first 28 days of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Barcat
- Service de réanimation pédiatrique, pôle femme-couple-enfant, CHU d'Amiens, 80054 Amiens cedex 1, France; PériTox (UMI 01), faculté de médecine, université Picardie - Jules-Verne, 80000 Amiens, France
| | - C Dekens
- Service de réanimation pédiatrique, pôle femme-couple-enfant, CHU d'Amiens, 80054 Amiens cedex 1, France
| | - E Caron-Lesenechal
- Service de réanimation pédiatrique, pôle femme-couple-enfant, CHU d'Amiens, 80054 Amiens cedex 1, France
| | - C Degorre
- Service de réanimation pédiatrique, pôle femme-couple-enfant, CHU d'Amiens, 80054 Amiens cedex 1, France
| | - A Cauliez
- Service de réanimation pédiatrique, pôle femme-couple-enfant, CHU d'Amiens, 80054 Amiens cedex 1, France
| | - B Riou
- Service de réanimation pédiatrique, pôle femme-couple-enfant, CHU d'Amiens, 80054 Amiens cedex 1, France
| | - A Vasseur
- Service de réanimation pédiatrique, pôle femme-couple-enfant, CHU d'Amiens, 80054 Amiens cedex 1, France
| | - V Gromada
- Service de réanimation pédiatrique, pôle femme-couple-enfant, CHU d'Amiens, 80054 Amiens cedex 1, France
| | - A Leke
- Service de réanimation pédiatrique, pôle femme-couple-enfant, CHU d'Amiens, 80054 Amiens cedex 1, France; PériTox (UMI 01), faculté de médecine, université Picardie - Jules-Verne, 80000 Amiens, France
| | - V Bach
- PériTox (UMI 01), faculté de médecine, université Picardie - Jules-Verne, 80000 Amiens, France
| | - P Tourneux
- Service de réanimation pédiatrique, pôle femme-couple-enfant, CHU d'Amiens, 80054 Amiens cedex 1, France; PériTox (UMI 01), faculté de médecine, université Picardie - Jules-Verne, 80000 Amiens, France.
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Bach V, Kidmose U, Kristensen HL, Edelenbos M. Eating Quality of Carrots (Daucus carota L.) Grown in One Conventional and Three Organic Cropping Systems over Three Years. J Agric Food Chem 2015; 63:9803-9811. [PMID: 26513153 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b03161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The eating quality of carrots (Daucus carota L.) was investigated to evaluate the impact of cropping systems (one conventional and three organic systems) and growing years (2007, 2008, and 2009) on root size, chemical composition, and sensory quality. The content of dry matter, sugars, polyacetylenes, and terpenes as well as the sensory quality and root size were related to the climate during the three growing years. A higher global radiation and a higher temperature sum in 2009 as compared to 2007 and 2008 resulted in larger roots, higher contents of dry matter, sucrose, total sugars, and total polyacetylenes, and lower contents of terpenes, fructose, and glucose. No differences were found between conventional and organic carrots with regard to the investigated parameters. This result shows that organically grown carrots have the same eating quality as conventionally grown carrots, while being produced in a more sustainable way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vibe Bach
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University , Kirstinebjergvej 10, DK-5792 Aarslev, Denmark
| | - Ulla Kidmose
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University , Kirstinebjergvej 10, DK-5792 Aarslev, Denmark
| | - Hanne L Kristensen
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University , Kirstinebjergvej 10, DK-5792 Aarslev, Denmark
| | - Merete Edelenbos
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University , Kirstinebjergvej 10, DK-5792 Aarslev, Denmark
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Stéphan-Blanchard E, Chardon K, Léké A, Delanaud S, Bach V, Telliez F. The dynamics of cardiac autonomic control in sleeping preterm neonates exposed in utero to smoking. Auton Neurosci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2015.07.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Telliez F, Kongolo G, Stéphan-Blanchard E, Ammari M, Léké A, Delanaud S, Bach V, Djeddi D. Involvement of autonomic nervous activity changes in gastroesophageal reflux in neonates during sleep and wakefulness. Auton Neurosci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2015.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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9
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Bach V, Mikkelsen L, Kidmose U, Edelenbos M. Culinary preparation of beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.): the impact on sensory quality and appropriateness. J Sci Food Agric 2015; 95:1852-1859. [PMID: 25156135 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 08/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Beetroot is a diverse vegetable available in different shapes and colours. The objectives of this study were to evaluate sensory qualities, and sugar and dry matter content of five beetroot varieties in relationship to the appropriateness for raw, boiled and pan-fried preparation. RESULTS Sensory evaluation by descriptive sensory analysis and consumer tests showed clear distinctions between red varieties Taunus, Rocket and Pablo, and the pink-white striped Chioggia and yellow Burpee's Golden in raw preparations. However, variety delimination was more difficult after boiling and pan-frying. Different sensory qualities were important for beetroot appropriateness in raw, boiled and pan-fried preparations. Appropriateness of raw beetroots was associated with high sensory scores in beetroot flavour, crispness and juiciness, and low scores in bitterness. Appropriateness of boiled beetroots was related to high scores in beetroot and earthy flavours. Pan-fried beetroot appropriateness was associated with high scores in beetroot flavour, colour intensity and crispness. CONCLUSION This study showed that the quality of raw materials is integral in culinary preparations. These results can be used to guide consumers in the use of beetroot in culinary preparations and subsequently increase consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vibe Bach
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, DK-5792, Årslev, Denmark
| | - Laerke Mikkelsen
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, DK-5792, Årslev, Denmark
| | - Ulla Kidmose
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, DK-5792, Årslev, Denmark
| | - Merete Edelenbos
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, DK-5792, Årslev, Denmark
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Degorre C, Décima P, Dégrugilliers L, Ghyselen L, Bach V, Libert JP, Tourneux P. A mean body temperature of 37°C for incubated preterm infants is associated with lower energy costs in the first 11 days of life. Acta Paediatr 2015; 104:581-8. [PMID: 25661668 DOI: 10.1111/apa.12965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM This randomised trial compared the energy costs of providing incubated preterm infants born before 32 weeks of gestation with homeothermia using either air temperature control (ATC) or skin servocontrol (SSC). METHODS We studied 38 incubated preterm infants for the first 11 days of life, calculating the frequency of hypothermia (<36.0°C), hyperthermia (>37.5°C) and thermal challenge, together with energy costs, based on a change in incubator air temperature of 2°C above or below thermoneutrality. RESULTS The daily mean incubator air temperature was higher in ATC than SSC (p < 0.05) for the first 6 days, and the mean body temperature was higher in ATC (37.0 ± 0.03°C) than SSC (36.8 ± 0.02; p < 0.01) over the whole study period. The frequency of moderate hyperthermia was higher in ATC (p < 0.001), whereas warm and cold thermal challenges were higher in SSC (p < 0.001). The two groups did not differ in terms of energy costs. The time to recover birthweight was shorter in ATC (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION In incubators using ATC, a body temperature of 37°C was associated with lower energy costs and greater weight gain at 11 days of life for preterm infants. Future studies should test SSC shielded abdominal skin temperature set to 37°C.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Degorre
- Réanimation et Soins Continus Pédiatriques; CHU Amiens; Amiens France
- PériTox (UMR_I 01); UFR de Médecine; Université de Picardie Jules Verne; Amiens France
| | - P Décima
- PériTox (UMR_I 01); UFR de Médecine; Université de Picardie Jules Verne; Amiens France
| | - L Dégrugilliers
- Réanimation et Soins Continus Pédiatriques; CHU Amiens; Amiens France
- PériTox (UMR_I 01); UFR de Médecine; Université de Picardie Jules Verne; Amiens France
| | - L Ghyselen
- Réanimation et Soins Continus Pédiatriques; CHU Amiens; Amiens France
- PériTox (UMR_I 01); UFR de Médecine; Université de Picardie Jules Verne; Amiens France
| | - V Bach
- PériTox (UMR_I 01); UFR de Médecine; Université de Picardie Jules Verne; Amiens France
| | - JP Libert
- PériTox (UMR_I 01); UFR de Médecine; Université de Picardie Jules Verne; Amiens France
| | - P Tourneux
- Réanimation et Soins Continus Pédiatriques; CHU Amiens; Amiens France
- PériTox (UMR_I 01); UFR de Médecine; Université de Picardie Jules Verne; Amiens France
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Léké A, Djeddi D, Chardon K, Stephan-Blanchard E, Delanaud S, Bach V, Vanrenterghem A, Telliez F. P-498 – Contrôle thermoregulateur de la prise alimentaire et du sommeil chez le nouveau-né prématuré. Arch Pediatr 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0929-693x(15)30674-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Damiani C, Le Gal S, Goin N, Di Pizio P, Da Costa C, Virmaux M, Bach V, Stéphan-Blanchard E, Nevez G, Totet A. Usefulness of (1,3) ß- d -glucan detection in bronchoalveolar lavage samples in Pneumocystis pneumonia and Pneumocystis pulmonary colonization. J Mycol Med 2015; 25:36-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Devauchelle C, Braun K, Tourneux P, Chardon K, Ricard J, Buisson P, Canarelli J, Boudailliez B, Bach V, Haraux E. SFCP CO-31 - Facteurs prédictifs d’hypospadias en Picardie. Résultats préliminaires. Arch Pediatr 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0929-693x(14)71669-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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14
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Bach V, Jensen S, Clausen MR, Bertram HC, Edelenbos M. Enzymatic browning and after-cooking darkening of Jerusalem artichoke tubers (Helianthus tuberosus L.). Food Chem 2013; 141:1445-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Revised: 03/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Bach V, Kidmose U, Thybo AK, Edelenbos M. Sensory quality and appropriateness of raw and boiled Jerusalem artichoke tubers (Helianthus tuberosus L.). J Sci Food Agric 2013; 93:1211-1218. [PMID: 22996585 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.5878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Revised: 08/07/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the present study was to investigate the sensory attributes, dry matter and sugar content of five varieties of Jerusalem artichoke tubers and their relation to the appropriateness of the tubers for raw and boiled preparation. RESULTS Sensory evaluation of raw and boiled Jerusalem artichoke tubers was performed by a trained sensory panel and a semi-trained consumer panel of 49 participants, who also evaluated the appropriateness of the tubers for raw and boiled preparation. The appropriateness of raw Jerusalem artichoke tubers was related to Jerusalem artichoke flavour, green nut flavour, sweetness and colour intensity, whereas the appropriateness of boiled tubers was related to celeriac aroma, sweet aroma, sweetness and colour intensity. In both preparations the variety Dwarf stood out from the others by being the least appropriate tuber. CONCLUSION A few sensory attributes can be used as predictors of the appropriateness of Jerusalem artichoke tubers for raw and boiled consumption. Knowledge on the quality of raw and boiled Jerusalem artichoke tubers can be used to inform consumers on the right choice of raw material and thereby increase the consumption of the vegetable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vibe Bach
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Aarhus University, Kirstinebjergvej 10, DK-5792 Aarslev, Denmark
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Deguines C, Dégrugilliers L, Ghyselen L, Chardon K, Bach V, Tourneux P. Impact of nursing care on temperature environment in preterm newborns nursed in closed convective incubators. Acta Paediatr 2013. [PMID: 23190392 DOI: 10.1111/apa.12109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) neonates require regular nursing procedures with frequent opening of the incubator resulting in a decrease in incubator air temperature. This study was designed to assess changes in the thermal status of VLBW neonates according to the type of nursing care and incubator openings. METHODS Thirty-one VLBW neonates (mean gestational age: 28.7 ± 0.3 weeks of gestation) were included. Over a 10-day period, each opening of the incubator was recorded together with details about caregiving. Body temperature was recorded continuously, and door opening and closing events were recorded by a video camera. RESULTS This study analysed 1,798 caregiving procedures with mean durations ranging from 6.2 ± 2.1 to 88.5 ± 33.4 min. Abdominal skin temperature decreased by up to 1.08°C/h for procedures such as tracheal intubation (p < 0.01). The temperature decrease was strongly correlated with the type of procedure (p < 0.01), incubator opening (p < 0.01) and procedure duration (p < 0.01). The procedure duration accounted for only 10% of the abdominal skin temperature change (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS For VLBW neonates nursed in skin temperature servo-control incubators, the decrease in abdominal skin temperature during caregiving was correlated with the type of procedure, incubator opening modalities and procedure duration. These parameters should be considered to optimize the thermal management of VLBW neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - K Chardon
- PériTox (EA 4285 - UMI 01 INERIS); UFR de Médecine; Université de Picardie Jules Verne; Amiens; France
| | - V Bach
- PériTox (EA 4285 - UMI 01 INERIS); UFR de Médecine; Université de Picardie Jules Verne; Amiens; France
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Spadoni T, Niermont B, Brun J, Bach V, Bouzat P. [Post-traumatic acute respiratory distress syndrome: Rescue procedure in a trauma network]. Ann Fr Anesth Reanim 2012; 31:930-931. [PMID: 23062228 DOI: 10.1016/j.annfar.2012.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 09/11/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
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Clausen MR, Bach V, Edelenbos M, Bertram HC. Metabolomics reveals drastic compositional changes during overwintering of Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) tubers. J Agric Food Chem 2012; 60:9495-9501. [PMID: 22900787 DOI: 10.1021/jf302067m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic changes were investigated in overwintering Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) tubers using proton nuclear magnetic resonance ((1)H NMR) metabolomics. Three varieties were studied; as a result of overwintering, the amount of inulin was found to decrease in Jerusalem artichoke tubers. This was mainly due to its conversion to sucrose and, at the same time, formation of inulin with a lower degree of polymerization. Major effects on the concentration of citric acid, malic acid, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and adenosine were also found. Intriguingly, malic acid concentration increased and citric acid concentration decreased. These changes, together with an increase in sucrose and GABA concentrations, were ascribed to mobilization of nutrients prior to sprouting, suggesting that malic acid and GABA serve as carbon and nitrogen sources during sprouting of Jerusalem artichokes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten R Clausen
- Department of Food Science, Science and Technology, Aarhus University, Årslev, Denmark.
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Bach V, Kidmose U, Kjeldsen Bjørn G, Edelenbos M. Effects of harvest time and variety on sensory quality and chemical composition of Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) tubers. Food Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.12.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Stéphan-Blanchard E, Bach V, Telliez F, Chardon K. Perinatal nicotine/smoking exposure and carotid chemoreceptors during development. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2012; 185:110-9. [PMID: 22743051 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2012.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2012] [Revised: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco smoking is still a common habit during pregnancy and is the most important preventable cause of many adverse perinatal outcomes. Prenatal smoking exposure can produce direct actions of nicotine in the fetus with the disruption of body and brain development, and actions on the maternal-fetal unit by causing repeated episodes of hypoxia and exposure to many toxic smoke products (such as carbon monoxide). Specifically, nicotine through binding to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors have ubiquitous effects and can affect carotid chemoreception development through structural, functional and neuroregulatory alterations of the neural circuits involved in the chemoafferent pathway, as well as by interfering with the postnatal resetting of the carotid bodies. Reduced carotid body chemosensitivity and tonic activity have thus been reported by the majority of the human and animal studies. This review focuses on the effects of perinatal exposure to tobacco smoke and nicotine on carotid chemoreceptor function during the developmental period. A description of the effects of smoking and nicotine on the control of breathing related to carotid body activity, and of the possible physiopathological mechanisms at the origin of these disturbances is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Stéphan-Blanchard
- PériTox-INERIS Laboratory, Jules Verne University of Picardy, Amiens, France.
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Lê BV, Khorsi-Cauet H, Bach V, Gay-Quéheillard J. Mast cells mediate Pseudomonas aeruginosa lipopolysaccharide-induced lung inflammation in rat. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2012; 31:1983-90. [PMID: 22282020 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-011-1530-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2011] [Accepted: 11/13/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Activated mast cells have been demonstrated to play a pivotal role in Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infections. However, there is no report about the involvement of mast cells in P. aeruginosa lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lung inflammation. This study aimed at evaluating the role of mast cells in P. aeruginosa LPS-induced lung inflammation in rats. Mast cells stabilization was carried out by intraperitoneal injections of cromolyn. Lung inflammation was induced by the intratracheal instillation of P. aeruginosa LPS (5 μg/kg bw) and inflammatory status was evaluated 4 h post-LPS instillation. We found that activated mast cells could constitute a pivotal source of several inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. These cells might regulate polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) recruitment and be implicated in the alteration of alveolar-capillary permeability via the release of TNF-α and IL-1β. We also detected that activated mast cells could be involved in the alteration of the expression of two epithelial tight junction proteins (claudin-1 and occludin) during the acute phase of inflammation. Our results suggest that activated mast cells might play a critical role in P. aeruginosa LPS-induced lung inflammation. Therefore, mast cell stabilization may be a potential novel approach for the prevention and treatment of P. aeruginosa-induced lung infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- B V Lê
- Peritox Laboratory, EA4285-UMI 01, Faculty of Medicine, Picardy Jules Verne University, 3 rue des Louvels, 80036, Amiens, France
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Leke A, Tir Touil Meddah A, Moumen O, Bach V, Krim G, Meddah B, Mederbel K, Canarelli JP. P156 Effet de la caféine sur la maturation intestinale chez le raton nouveau-né. NUTR CLIN METAB 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s0985-0562(11)70223-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Debaty G, Berthelot K, Bouvaist H, Fluttaz A, Ageron F, Gay S, Bach V, Durand M, Savary D, Schmidt M, Danel V. Refractory cardiac arrest treated by extracorporeal life support in prehospital setting debaty guillaume. Resuscitation 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2010.09.254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Haraux E, Buisson P, Hamzy M, Ricard J, Gay-Quéheillard J, Bach V, Canarelli J. CL038 - Altérations motrices et histologiques secondaires à la dilatation intestinale chronique. Arch Pediatr 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s0929-693x(10)70250-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Deguines C, Bach V, Tourneux P. [Factors related to extubation failure in premature infants less than 32 weeks of gestation]. Arch Pediatr 2009; 16:1219-24. [PMID: 19577908 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2009.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2008] [Revised: 02/25/2009] [Accepted: 05/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Even though ventilatory support for preterm infants has improved over the past few decades, about 30% of intubated preterm infants fail an extubation attempt. There are still no simple standards to determine the optimal extubation time for those infants. OBJECTIVE To identify factors related to extubation success or failure in preterm infants less than 32 weeks of gestation (WG). POPULATION AND METHODS Retrospective study including 162 newborns less than 32 WG, requiring mechanical ventilation within the first 24h of life. Successful extubation was defined as no need for reintubation for any reason at least 7 days after the first extubation attempt. RESULTS Forty-one infants failed extubation (25.3%); 149 infants (92%) had mechanical ventilation in their first 30min of life. These infants had a lower gestational age (p<0.001) and a lower birth weight (p=0.003). They required a higher FiO(2) (p<0.001) and maximum inspiratory pressure (p=0.002). The infants who failed extubation had a lower pH (p=0.001) and hematocrit (p=0.032), and a higher PCO(2) (p=0.003). CONCLUSION As previously described, a low gestational age is a major factor predicting the extubation failure. However, our data suggests that ventilator settings and blood gas should also be considered when attempting extubation, following written guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Deguines
- Médecine néonatale et réanimation pédiatrique polyvalente, CHU Amiens nord, Amiens cedex 1, France
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Tourneux P, Libert JP, Ghyselen L, Léké A, Delanaud S, Dégrugilliers L, Bach V. [Heat exchanges and thermoregulation in the neonate]. Arch Pediatr 2009; 16:1057-62. [PMID: 19410440 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2009.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2008] [Revised: 09/22/2008] [Accepted: 03/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The newborn's energy expenditure is used in order of priority for: (i) basic metabolism; (ii) body temperature regulation and (iii) body growth. Thermal regulation is an important part of energy expenditure, especially for low birth-weight infants or preterm newborns. The heat exchanges with the environment are greater in the infant than in the adult, explaining the increased risk of body hypo- or hyperthermia. The newborn infant is a homeotherm, but over a long period of time, he cannot maintain the thermal processes. Further developments are expected to improve the infant's thermal environment, with assessment of the various heat exchange mechanisms by conduction, convection, radiation and evaporation. The quantification of the respective parts of these exchanges would improve nursing care through clinical procedures or equipment used to ensure the control of the optimal thermohygrometric conditions in incubators, especially when the likelihood of excessive body cooling is high. The present review focuses on the various body heat exchange mechanisms, the thermoregulation processes of the newborn, and their implications in clinical usage and limitations in the neonatal intensive care unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Tourneux
- PériTox (EA4285-unité mixte Ineris), faculté de médecine, UPJV, 3, rue des Louvels, 80036 Amiens cedex, France.
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Deguines C, Bach V, Tourneux P. SFP-P049 – Néonatalogie – Facteurs associés à l’échec d’extubation chez le prématuré. Arch Pediatr 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s0929-693x(08)72182-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Hazelzet T, Dégrugilliers L, Krim G, Bach V, Tourneux P. SFP-P050 – Néonatalogie – Fio2 délivrée lors de l’oxygénothérapie par lunette chez le nouveau-né. Arch Pediatr 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s0929-693x(08)72183-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Durand M, Chavanon O, Tessier Y, Meyer C, Casez M, Bach V, Maitrasse B, Girardet P. Effect of aprotinin on postoperative blood loss in off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery. J Card Surg 2006; 21:17-21. [PMID: 16426342 DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-8191.2006.00162.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE STUDY Off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) enables a reduction in postoperative complications, particularly bleeding and transfusion. Nevertheless, a significant percentage of patients still needs transfusion. The effect of antifibrinolytic therapy on postoperative bleeding as part of OPCAB is still not widely described. The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential benefit of aprotinin in OPCAB. METHODS We conducted a retrospective comparative study with a historical control group. Consecutive patients undergoing off-pump coronary bypass were divided in two groups: 40 patients were operated without any antifibinolytic drug (group C); 40 patients received aprotinin (group A) during surgery. Patients in group A received a bolus of 2 x 10(6) KIU during 30 minutes, followed by a continuous infusion of 0.5 x 10(6) KIU per hour until the end of surgery. The same protocol was used during the whole study period. RESULTS Preoperative data of the two groups did not differ except for the number of grafts performed, which was higher in group A. Prothrombin time and activated clotting time increased in both groups after surgery. The use of packed red blood cells or fresh frozen plasma was not significantly different between both groups. Postoperative blood loss was significantly reduced in the aprotinin group (540 mL +/- 320 vs. 770 mL +/- 390, p = 0.006). No increase in postoperative troponin values was found in group A. CONCLUSIONS Aprotinin significantly reduced postoperative blood loss without reducing the transfusion rate. Aprotinin was not associated with any increase in postoperative complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Durand
- Department of Anesthesia, Grenoble University Hospital, Grenoble, France.
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Bach V, Barceló MJ, Altés A, Remacha A, Félez J, Baiget M. Genotyping the HFE gene by melting point analysis with the LightCycler system: Pros and cons. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2006; 36:288-91. [PMID: 16515868 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2005.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2005] [Revised: 12/09/2005] [Accepted: 12/19/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The assay that combines rapid-cycle PCR with allele-specific fluorescent probe melting profiles performed on the Roche Diagnostics LightCycler is commonly employed for genotyping the HFE gene. We report three illustrative cases of the pros and cons of this method. In two cases, atypical melting curves allows the identification of new DNA substitutions in the HFE gene, whereas, in the third case, a typical melting curve of c.845G>A mutation (C282Y) homozygosity overlooks a nucleotide change and promotes misdiagnosis of HH.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Bach
- Servei de Genètica, Hospital de Sant Pau, Avda. Pare Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
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Bach V, Remacha A, Altés A, Barceló MJ, Molina MA, Baiget M. Autosomal dominant hereditary hemochromatosis associated with two novel Ferroportin 1 mutations in Spain. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2005; 36:41-5. [PMID: 16257244 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2005.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2005] [Revised: 09/22/2005] [Accepted: 09/22/2005] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Hereditary hemochromatosis is a common disorder of iron metabolism most frequently associated with mutations in the HFE gene. Hereditary hemochromatosis may be caused by other genetic mutations including those in the SLC40A1 gene. This report describes the clinical and laboratory findings of two Spanish families with autosomal dominant iron overload associated with previously unrecognized Ferroportin 1 mutations (p.R88T and p.I180T). The phenotype of iron overload in the patients carrying these mutations could correspond to the group of clinical mutations that lose their iron export function.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Bach
- Servei de Genètica. Hospital de Sant Pau, Avda. Pare Claret 167. 08025 Barcelona, Spain
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Margarit E, Bach V, Gómez D, Bruguera M, Jara P, Queralt R, Ballesta F. Mutation analysis of Wilson disease in the Spanish population -- identification of a prevalent substitution and eight novel mutations in the ATP7B gene. Clin Genet 2005; 68:61-8. [PMID: 15952988 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2005.00439.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Wilson disease (WD) is a copper metabolism disorder characterized by hepatic and/or neurological damage. More than 200 mutations in the ATP7B gene causing this autosomal recessive defect have been reported. In certain populations, a high prevalence of particular mutations allows rapid screening and diagnosis of the disease. We identified the ATP7B alterations in Spanish patients with WD. Mutations in the ATP7B gene were analysed in a total of 64 individuals from 40 different WD families by PCR amplification, single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis and sequencing. Twenty-one different ATP7B gene mutations were identified, eight of which were novel. 74% of the disease alleles were characterized among the 40 unrelated probands. We identified a prevalent mutation in our population (Met645Arg), present in 55% of this 40 patients. The frequency of the remaining ATP7B alterations was low. In addition, 17 different polymorphic variants were found. There is remarkable allele heterogeneity in WD in the Spanish population. Nevertheless, SSCP screening for the most frequent mutations in our population is feasible and leads to the detection of about 74% of the mutated chromosomes. Molecular diagnosis of WD is very useful in clinical practice to confirm or support clinical suspicion.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Margarit
- Department of Genetics, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain.
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Pitsiu M, Wilmer A, Bodenham A, Breen D, Bach V, Bonde J, Kessler P, Albrecht S, Fisher G, Kirkham A. Pharmacokinetics of remifentanil and its major metabolite, remifentanil acid, in ICU patients with renal impairment †. Br J Anaesth 2004; 92:493-503. [PMID: 14766712 DOI: 10.1093/bja/aeh086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pharmacokinetics of remifentanil, an opioid analgesic metabolized by non-specific esterases, and its principal metabolite, remifentanil acid (RA), which is excreted via the kidneys, were assessed as part of an open-label safety study in intensive care unit (ICU) patients with varying degrees of renal impairment. METHODS Forty adult ICU patients with normal/mildly impaired renal function (creatinine clearance [CL(cr)] 62.9 (sd) 14.5 ml min(-1); n=10) or moderate/severe renal impairment (CL(cr) 14.7 (15.7) ml min(-1); n=30) were included. Remifentanil was infused for up to 72 h, at a starting rate of 6-9 microg kg(-1) h(-1) titrated to achieve a target sedation level, with additional propofol (0.5 mg kg(-1) h(-1)) if required. Intensive arterial sampling was performed for up to 72 h after infusion. Pharmacokinetic parameters obtained by simultaneous modelling of remifentanil and RA data were statistically compared between the two groups. RESULTS Remifentanil pharmacokinetics were not significantly affected by renal status. RA clearance in the moderate/severe group was reduced to about 25% that of the normal/mild group (41 (29) vs 176 (49) ml kg(-1) h(-1), P<0.0001). Metabolic ratio, a predictor of the ratio of RA to remifentanil concentrations at steady state, was approximately eight-fold higher in the moderate/severe group relative to the normal/mild group (116 (110) vs 15 (4), P<0.0001). Maximum RA levels approached 700 ng ml(-1) in the moderate/severe group. CONCLUSIONS Although RA accumulates in patients with moderate/severe renal impairment, pharmacokinetic modelling predicts that RA concentrations during a 9 microg kg(-1) h(-1) remifentanil infusion for up to 15 days would not exceed those reported in the present study, for which no associated prolongation of mu-opioid effects was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pitsiu
- Medeval Ltd, Skelton House, Manchester Science Park, Lloyd Street North, Manchester M15 6SH, UK.
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Chardon K, Bach V, Telliez F, Tourneux P, Elabbassi EB, Cardot V, Gaultier C, Libert JP. Peripheral chemoreceptor activity in sleeping neonates exposed to warm environments. Neurophysiol Clin 2003; 33:196-202. [PMID: 14519548 DOI: 10.1016/s0987-7053(03)00052-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In neonates, it is often assumed that ventilatory control and heat stress interact. Thus the two factors have been implicated in various pathologies (apnoea, sudden infant death syndrome). However, little is known about the mechanisms of this interaction, and the influence of sleep is still debated. This study aimed at determining the influence of warm exposure on the decrease in ventilation during a hyperoxic test (HT), which is considered to be a measure of peripheral chemoreceptor activity. The test was performed in active (AS) and quiet sleep (QS) in 12 neonates exposed to thermoneutral or warm environments. The HT consisted of 30 s of inspired, 100% O(2). The ventilatory response was assessed in terms of a response time, defined as the time elapsing between HT onset and the first significant change in V(E). Our results show that, in both thermal conditions, the fall in V(E) was higher in AS than in QS. Warm exposure significantly enhanced the ventilatory response in AS (-27.5 +/- 8.7% vs. -38.3 +/- 8.8%, P < 0.01) but not in QS. A thermometabolic drive or inputs from thermoreceptors could be involved in the reinforcement of peripheral chemoreceptor activity in AS in warmer environments, which could contribute to an increasing risk of apnoea in neonates with altered chemoreceptor function. Since hypothalamic structures are involved in thermoregulatory, sleep processes and (probably) in respiratory control, it could well be the principal site where this interaction occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Chardon
- Laboratoire d'environnement toxique périnatal et adaptations physiologiques et comportementales, (EA 2088), Faculté de Médecine, 3, rue des Louvels, 80036 Amiens cedex, France.
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Abstract
In order to assess the specific sympathetic reactivity in premature infants at term, we designed a study to evaluate the peripheral vasomotor response of such infants when exposed to auditory challenges. Testing was performed in 29 premature neonates at term in both quiet and active sleep during a morning session. Two types of noises were used (click and continuous tones) at three frequencies (250, 1,000 and 6,000 Hz) and at three intensities (60, 85 and 110 dBA). Vasomotor response was studied by analyzing with Mathlab software the variability of the plethysmographic wave of the oxymetric pulse. No behavioral awakening was observed in response to any stimulation. When a tachycardia or a bradycardia reaction to the stimuli was observed, all neonates responded with a vasoconstriction. The global mean of the vasoconstrictive response was 18.45%. The overall ANOVA on the vasomotor response revealed significant effects for sleep stages (t: 1.98; p < 0.05), for frequency (t: 3.3; p < 0.001) and for intensity of noise (t: 3.01; p < 0.03) but no significant response with heart rate variability. From these results, we could conclude that the assessment of the vasomotor response is a very sensitive procedure to determine the reactivity of the autonomic nervous system in neonates, and could be used to study such vegetative responses in other stressful situations with good accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ducrocq
- Pediatric Department, Polysomnographics Unit, University Hospital, Amiens, Belgium
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36
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Ananth J, Gunatilake S, Aquino S, Bach V, Costa J. Are African American patients at a higher risk for olanzapine-induced glucose intolerance? Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2001; 157:324-5. [PMID: 11605090 DOI: 10.1007/s002130100862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2001] [Accepted: 05/15/2001] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Telliez F, Bach V, Delanaud S, Leke A, Abdiche M, Chardon K. Influence of incubator humidity on sleep and behaviour of neonates kept at stable body temperature. Acta Paediatr 2001; 90:998-1003. [PMID: 11683212 DOI: 10.1080/080352501316978066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The influence of incubator air humidity (via passive humidification through use of a water reservoir or via active humidification to 2 and 4 kPa) on sleep and behavioural changes was investigated in 13 neonates. The thermal environment of the incubator was servocontrolled via an interactive device tracking the skin temperature changes of the neonates. Using this servocontrolled skin temperature derivative heating programme, it is believed that an increase in air moisture content (reducing evaporative skin cooling) can be counterbalanced by a fall in neutral air temperature, so as to keep the body thermally constant. This procedure permits the experimental evaluation of the specific effect of air humidity on the thermal equilibrium air temperature and the thermal comfort of neonates without eliciting thermoregulatory mechanisms. Under the experimental conditions, in order to keep body temperature stable an increase in water vapour partial pressure from 1.72 (water reservoir) to 3.99 kPa (produced by a nebulizer) is counterbalanced by a decrease in air temperature of 1.49 degrees C. Within this humidity range, the air temperature must be lowered by 0.05 degrees C when the vapour pressure is increased by 0.08 kPa. The magnitude of this deviation depends on the humidity range and is probably a result of changes in the wetted skin area. CONCLUSION When body temperature is kept constant, changes in air humidity do not modify sleep, body motility and respiratory and heart rates in neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Telliez
- Unité de Recherches Environnement Toxique Périnatal-Adaptations Physiologiques et Comportementales (EA 2088), Faculté de Médecine, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France.
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38
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Abstract
The contribution of nitric oxide (NO) radicals to the suppression of intracellular replication of Legionella has been well established in rodents but remained questionable in humans. Considering the fact that human monocytes do not exhibit a high-output NO production, we used sensitive methods such as detection of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) mRNA by reverse transcription-PCR and demonstration of iNOS protein expression by means of flow cytometry and Western blot to compare the levels of iNOS induced by Legionella species which, in accordance to their human prevalence, show different multiplication rates within human monocytic cells. The expression of iNOS in Mono Mac 6 (MM6) cells showed an only moderate inverse correlation to the intracellular replication rate of a given Legionella species in the protein expression assays. However, stimulation of host cells with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) to enhance NO production and inhibition of NO production by treatment of host cells with N(G)-methyl-L-arginine were not able to modify the intracellular multiplication of legionellae within MM6 cells. Therefore, NO production does not seem to play a crucial role for the restriction of intracellular replication of Legionella bacteria within human monocytic cells. Rodent models in investigations which are supposed to clarify the involvement of NO radicals in defense mechanisms against Legionella infections in humans are of doubtful significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Neumeister
- Abteilung Transfusionsmedizin, Otfried-Müller-Strasse 4/1, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
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Elabbassi EB, Bach V, Makki M, Delanaud S, Telliez F, Leke A, Libert JP. Assessment of dry heat exchanges in newborns: influence of body position and clothing in SIDS. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2001; 91:51-6. [PMID: 11408412 DOI: 10.1152/jappl.2001.91.1.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A dramatic decrease of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) has been noted following the issuance of recommendations to adopt the supine sleeping position for infants. It has been suggested that the increased risk could be related to heat stress associated with body position. In the present study, the dry heat losses of small-for-gestational-age newborns nude or clothed were assessed and compared to see whether there is a difference in the ability to lose heat between the prone and supine positions. An anthropomorphic thermal mannequin was exposed to six environmental temperatures, ranging between 25 and 37 degrees C, in a single-walled, air-heated incubator. The magnitudes of heat losses did not significantly differ between the two body positions for the nude (supine 103.46 +/- 29.67 vs. prone 85.78 +/- 34.91 W/m(2)) and clothed mannequin (supine 59.35 +/- 21.51 vs. prone 63.17 +/- 23.06 W/m(2)). With regard to dry heat exchanges recorded under steady-state conditions, the results show that there is no association between body position and body overheating.
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Affiliation(s)
- E B Elabbassi
- Unité de Recherches sur les Adaptations Physiologiques et Comportementales, Faculté de Médecine, 80036 Amiens Cédex, France.
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Wilmer A, Bodenham A, Breen D, Bach V, Bonde J, Kessler P, Albrecht S, Shaikh S. An investigation of the offset of pharmacodynamic effects of remifentanil following prolonged infusion in ICU patients with varying degrees of renal dysfunction: preliminary results. Crit Care 2001. [PMCID: PMC3333387 DOI: 10.1186/cc1267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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41
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Abstract
Although thermoregulation and sleep exhibit gender differences in adults, the question is still debated in neonates. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between gender-related sleep differences and cool defence mechanisms in neonates. Sleep and thermoregulation were recorded in healthy preterm neonates (21 boys and 17 girls, 37 +/- 2 weeks post-conceptional age) exposed to thermoneutral and cool conditions. Sleep was analysed for continuity and structure. Although the cool exposure did not strongly impair body homeothermia, sleep was altered but without any significant gender difference. However, when data recorded under each of the thermal conditions were pooled, some gender differences emerged: boys slept less, with more wakefulness after sleep onset, more active sleep and less quiet sleep than girls. In contrast to sleep architecture, most of the sleep continuity parameters exhibited greater variability in boys than in girls. This variability may bias the statistical analyses and probably explains the varying conclusions reported in the literature regarding gender-specific sleep-related differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Bach
- Unité de Recherches sur les Adaptations Physiologiques et Comportementales, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
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42
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Bach V, Telliez F, Zoccoli G, Lenzi P, Leke A, Libert JP. Interindividual differences in the thermoregulatory response to cool exposure in sleeping neonates. Eur J Appl Physiol 2000; 81:455-62. [PMID: 10774868 DOI: 10.1007/s004210050068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The responses of the thermoregulatory effectors vary greatly among neonates. Therefore, we assume that a small decrease in air temperature from thermoneutrality induces various thermoregulatory responses within neonates that represent an energy cost due to the cold defence processes. To determine the importance of this variability in nursing, 26 neonates were explored at thermoneutrality and in a cool environment (-1.5 degrees C from thermoneutrality) similar to that which occurs currently in clinical procedure. Oxygen consumption (VO2), oesophageal and skin temperatures, as well as sleep parameters were recorded continuously in both conditions. Analysis of all of the data from all of the neonates revealed that the cool exposure induced thermal and sleep disturbances, but VO2 did not increase and was not negatively correlated to body temperature (as might be expected). Analyses of individual data showed large variability in body temperature regulation: the neonates could be assigned to one of three groups according to the direction of the individual slopes of VO2 versus oesophageal or skin temperature. The groups also differed according to the sleep changes recorded in the cool condition. The results show that the definition of thermoneutrality should be revised by incorporating non only changes in the body temperature, but also the sleep disturbances (increased wakefulness and active sleep, decreased quiet sleep), which are criteria that are more sensitive to mild cool exposure. Thermoneutrality should be defined for each individual, since the results stress that the variability does not help to predict a general pattern of thermoregulatory responses in cool-exposed neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Bach
- Unité de Recherches sur les Explorations Physiologiques et Comportementales (TEF: EA 2088), Faculté de Médecine, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France.
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43
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Arnould JP, Pfohl-Leszkowicz A, Bach V, Libert JP, Belegaud J. Biological monitoring exposure of workers from plant producing carbon electrodes: quantification of benzo[a]pyrene DNA-adducts in leukocytes, by a 32P-postlabelling method and an immunoassay. Hum Exp Toxicol 1999; 18:314-21. [PMID: 10372753 DOI: 10.1191/096032799678840174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The levels of benzo[a]pyrene were monitored for blood DNA-benzo[a]pyrene adducts in 17 workers from a plant producing carbon electrodes, with high exposure to benzo[a]pyrene (575-902-1149 ng m(-3)). Two different techniques, a 32P-postlabelling method and a competitive immunoassay using polyclonal antibodies obtained from rabbits immunised with DNA modified by benzo[a]pyrene-trans-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide were used. For each worker, urinary 1-hydroxypyrene, a potential indicator of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, was measured. The effect of tobacco by urinary cotinine measurement was also considered. The postlabelling and immunoassay detection limits for DNA-benzo[a]pyrene adducts were respectively 0.15 and 10 fmol 50 microg(-1) of DNA. The results obtained by the two methods demonstrated a good detection of DNA-benzo[a]pyrene adducts, but no direct relationship between the quantity of adducts and the concentration of benzo[a]pyrene in air-borne was noted in the studied plant. The levels of DNA-benzo[a]pyrene adducts obtained by immunoassay were significantly higher than those obtained by the 32P-postlabelling (P < 0.001). For several workers, variations due to professional or non professional factors must be taken into account in interpreting the results. In conclusion, the two methods used proved very efficient in determining DNA-benzo[a]pyrene adducts, and may be useful in monitoring human exposure to known and previously unidentified environmental genotoxic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Arnould
- Laboratoire de Toxicologie, Faculté de Pharmacie, Amiens, France
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44
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Bach V, Telliez F, Makki M, Farges G, Zoccoli G, Krim G, Libert J. Contrôle de l'environnement thermique dans les incubateurs pour nouveau-nés prématurés. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0222-0776(99)80041-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
The present study aimed at testing in human neonates whether the thermal acclimation could reduce the sleep disturbances induced by brief cool exposure. Six neonates were exposed in incubator to a standardised cool thermal load of 75 h duration. The results show an increase of the metabolic heat production (VO2: +25% reaching 5.68 ml/min per kg) during cool acclimation which is not associated with a reduction of the sleep modifications observed on the first cool exposure: the increase of active sleep (+15%, +2 min) and the decrease of quiet sleep (-15%, -11 min) persist and wakefulness after sleep onset increases (+12%, +10 min). In conclusion, there is no sleep adaptation as cool acclimation progressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Telliez
- Laboratoire des Techniques d'Explorations Fonctionnelles, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
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46
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Abstract
Low-birth-weight neonates should be nursed at thermoneutrality inside incubators. Thermoneutrality control is essential to enhance body growth and to reduce neonatal illnesses and mortality. Guidelines have been published to provide the thermoneutral range, but the recommendations did not always take into account all ambient and physiological parameters influencing thermoneutrality. In most marketed incubators, the heat supply is controlled through convective air flow (closed incubators) or through radiant power density (radiant warmer beds). The heating unit (on/off cycling or adjustable proportional control) is activated by an error signal calculated from the difference between a controlled temperature and a reference value preset by the clinician. The controlled variable can be either the incubator air or the skin temperature of the anterior abdominal region of the neonate. The neonate's size, thermal properties of the mattress and of incubator walls, air temperature and humidity, air velocity, incubator wall temperatures all influence the heat exchanges between the neonate and the surroundings, and, consequently, modify the obtention of thermoneutrality. Moreover, studies of the physiological mechanisms by which the neonate regulates body heat storage suggest that metabolic rate, behavior, vigilance level, nursing care, and heater control processes should also be taken into account. Little attention has been paid to these factors, and incubator performances are often disappointing. This article reviews the different factors that modify thermoneutral condition. An attempt is made to suggest new ways to design equipment incorporating these factors in algorithms controlling heater processes in order to reach the optimal thermal environment in which the neonate should be nursed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Libert
- Unité de Recherches sur les Adaptations Physiologiques et Comportementales (EA 2088), Faculté de Médecine, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
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Abstract
Sleep processes and body temperature regulation of neonates are never taken into account in the evaluation of nutrients, although these functions are implicated in the regulation of energy metabolism and are influenced by the nutritional state and its metabolic consequences. Medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) are currently used in paediatric units during the first weeks of because they are considered to be a rapid source of energy, easy to assimilate for growing premature infants, whose digestive function is immature. However, no study has described the thermic effect of these nutrients on body temperature regulation and sleep. The present study aimed at analysing the influence of three feeding formulas with different content of MCT on sleep processes and on thermoregulation of neonates fed until desired intake was reached. Whatever the thermal conditions (thermal equilibrium or cool environment), the MCT-fed groups had higher body temperatures and than groups fed without MCT, for whom total sleep time was reduced at thermal equilibrium. In this group, the large amount of quiet sleep seems to favour a strategy of conserving energy. Higher energy expenditure in MCT-fed groups is not harmful to growth rate since nutritional efficiency is even better reflected by a larger body mass gain. The thermic effect of MCT contributes to lessening the vulnerability of neonates exposed to low incubator temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Telliez
- Laboratoire des Techniques d'Explorations Fonctionnelles, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
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48
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Abstract
In the first days of life, the daily evaporative loss from premature neonates can reach up to 20% of body mass. Such loss can be reduced by increasing the air humidity inside the incubator. Neither passive humidification nor open loop systems allow high humidity rates to be maintained or easily controlled: at 34 degrees C, the maximum levels vary with the system from 40% to 77% of relative humidity. The skin evaporative exchanges between the neonate and the environment are directly proportional to the water vapour partial pressure difference between the neonate's skin and the air. An active closed loop system has been designed, which permits reliable and accurate control of humidity according to the water vapour partial pressure set, between 1 and 6 kPa, in an air temperature range of 28-39 degrees C. It is characterised by variations of about 0.05 kPa around the set value and a maximum humidification speed of 0.25 kPa min-1. The algorithm is based on optimal control and the dynamic programming principles. Test results place this active system above usual systems for its power, precision and adaptability. It is an exploitable tool in fundamental and clinical research, to precisely study the humidity effects on neonatal comfort and thermo-regulation evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Abdiche
- Service Scientifiques Communs SE-UTC, Compiègne, France.
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49
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Abstract
Placenta constitutes a vital organ of exchange between mother and foetus. In addition to this favourable effect for foetal development, placenta indirectly may allow transfer of several maternal blood xenobiotics. Human placenta and umbilical cord blood are interesting models for investigating maternal environment and the metabolism, the bioactivation and the transfer of carcinogens such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. We used them to assess the effect of a woman's smoking on the foetus. Few studies cover this subject. In pregnant women who have continued to smoke, benzo[a]pyrene compound of cigarette smoke is metabolically activated to diol-epoxide derivative: benzo[a]pyrene-trans-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide, ultimate carcinogen (BPDE-I). This derivative is covalently fixed on DNA and gives BPDE-I-DNA adducts. By a competitive immunoassay technique, we determined BDPE-I-DNA adducts in 20 samples of placenta and umbilical cord blood from women who smoked (n = 15) and who did not (n = 10). Tobacco consumption was checked by urinary cotinine determination. In the group of smokers levels of adducts were found in 13 specimens of placenta (from 10 to 60 fmol/50 micrograms of DNA) and 12 umbilical cord blood (from 10 to 22.15 fmol/50 micrograms of DNA) samples. These results indicate that a mother's tobacco consumption is linked to the accumulation of BPDE-I-DNA adducts in the placenta, which are seen in smaller quantities in the umbilical cord blood, probably because of the metabolic capacity of the placenta and the transfer of B[a]P from the mother to the foetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Arnould
- Laboratoire de Toxicologie, Faculté de Pharmacie, Amiens, France
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50
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Telliez F, Bach V, Krim G, Libert JP. Consequences of a small decrease of air temperature from thermal equilibrium on thermoregulation in sleeping neonates. Med Biol Eng Comput 1997; 35:516-20. [PMID: 9374057 DOI: 10.1007/bf02525533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A new heating unit (servocontrolled skin temperature derivative system) has been designed to control the thermal environment in closed incubators. This type of control acts to attain and closely maintain a thermal equilibrium between a neonate's skin temperature and the environment. The present study aims to discover if thermal equilibrium is located within a thermoneutral range defined from oxygen consumption VO2 and body temperature, and whether it is more appropriate to define an optimal thermal environment. As regards VO2 and body temperature, results show that the air temperature reached at thermal equilibrium fulfils the definition of thermoneutrality. According to these criteria, a small decrease (1:5 degrees C) from thermal equilibrium also provides a near thermoneutral environment to the neonate but induces sleep disturbances and an increase in body movements. These two additional parameters delineate a narrower thermoneutral zone than does minimal metabolic rate because VO2 can stay constant even when air and body temperatures decrease. The results suggest that thermal equilibrium might be assimilated with a thermal comfort zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Telliez
- Physiological & Behavioural Research Unit (EA 2088), Medical Faculty, University of Picardy, Jules Verne, Amiens, France
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