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Vallès V, de Labastida MF, López J, Cortina JL. Selective recovery of boron, cobalt, gallium and germanium from seawater solar saltworks brines using N-methylglucamine sorbents: Column operation performance. Sci Total Environ 2024; 923:171438. [PMID: 38438050 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
The European Union (EU) identified a list of Critical Raw Materials (CRMs) crucial for its economy, aiming to find alternative sources. Seawater is a promising option as it contains almost all elements, although most at low concentrations. However, to the present, the CRMs' recovery from seawater is technically and economically unfeasible. Other alternatives to implement sea mining might be preferred, such as reverse osmosis brines or saltworks bitterns (after sodium chloride crystallisation). The CRMs' extraction in a selective way can be achieved using highly selective recovery processes, such as chelating sorbents. This study focuses on extracting Trace Elements (TEs) from solar saltworks brines, including boron, cobalt, gallium and germanium, using commercial N-methylglucamine sorbents (S108, CRB03, CRB05). The application of these sorbents has shown potential for boron recovery, but their selectivity for cobalt, gallium, and germanium requires further investigation. This research aims to assess these sorbents' kinetics and column mode performance for TEs recovery from synthetic bitterns. Boron and germanium were rapidly sorbed, reaching equilibrium (>90 %) within 1 h, except for S108, which took 2 h. In column mode, 20-25 pore volumes of bittern were treated to remove boron and germanium, but competition from other elements reduced treatment capacity. An acidic elution (1 M hydrochloric acid) allowed to elute them (>90 %), reaching concentration factors for germanium and boron of 35 and 11, respectively, while cobalt and gallium had less affinity for the sorbents. In addition, the experiments performed were fitted by a mass transfer model to determine the equilibrium constants and selectivities. Therefore, bittern mining has been proven as a secondary/alternative source to obtain CRMs, which can lead the EU to a position in which its dependence on other countries to obtain these raw materials would be decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Vallès
- Chemical Engineering Department, Escola d'Enginyeria de Barcelona Est (EEBE), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)-BarcelonaTECH, C/Eduard Maristany 16, Campus Diagonal-Besòs, 08019 Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Research Center for Multiscale Science and Engineering, C/Eduard Maristany 16, Campus Diagonal-Besòs, 08019 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - M Fernández de Labastida
- Chemical Engineering Department, Escola d'Enginyeria de Barcelona Est (EEBE), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)-BarcelonaTECH, C/Eduard Maristany 16, Campus Diagonal-Besòs, 08019 Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Research Center for Multiscale Science and Engineering, C/Eduard Maristany 16, Campus Diagonal-Besòs, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - J López
- Chemical Engineering Department, Escola d'Enginyeria de Barcelona Est (EEBE), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)-BarcelonaTECH, C/Eduard Maristany 16, Campus Diagonal-Besòs, 08019 Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Research Center for Multiscale Science and Engineering, C/Eduard Maristany 16, Campus Diagonal-Besòs, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - J L Cortina
- Chemical Engineering Department, Escola d'Enginyeria de Barcelona Est (EEBE), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)-BarcelonaTECH, C/Eduard Maristany 16, Campus Diagonal-Besòs, 08019 Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Research Center for Multiscale Science and Engineering, C/Eduard Maristany 16, Campus Diagonal-Besòs, 08019 Barcelona, Spain; CETaqua, Carretera d'Esplugues, 75, 08940 Cornellà de Llobregat, Spain
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Sanz-Osorio MT, González-Diez L, Sánchez-Rueda G, Vallès V, Escobar-Bravo MA, Monistrol O. Humanised care in acute psychiatric hospitalisation units: Definition, values and strategic initiatives from the perspective of persons with mental health problems, primary carers and professionals. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 2024; 31:228-239. [PMID: 37705365 DOI: 10.1111/jpm.12974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Humanised care refers to the holistic approach to the person, considering their bio-psycho-social and behavioural dimensions. It becomes more complex when the person has mental health problems that may affect his or her will, cognition and relationship to the world. The literature on the humanisation of mental health is scarce and only offers the view of professionals. AIM To analyse the concept, values and strategic initiatives of humanised care in acute psychiatric units from the perspective of persons with mental health problems, carers and professionals. METHOD Qualitative grounded-theory approach. Data were collected through focus groups and in-depth interviews among persons with mental health problems, carers and professionals. RESULTS Thirteen focus groups and three in-depth staff interviews were performed, with a total of 61 participants. Humanised care is defined as quality care of an individualised, ethical and safe nature, empowering persons/carers to involve them in their health process, helping them resist the stigma of mental illness through a therapeutic relationship, bond and communication. Formal training, teamwork and effective communication are required. Six values and strategic initiatives were identified. DISCUSSION Each value and strategic initiatives acquires full meaning when connected with the rest. Without this interconnection, humanised care would be impossible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Sanz-Osorio
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, Mental Health Nurse Specialist, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
- Research group on Complex Health Diagnoses and Interventions from Occupation and Care (OCCARE), Escola Universitària d'Infermeria i Teràpia Ocupacional de Terrassa (EUIT), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Terrassa, Spain
| | | | - Guadalupe Sánchez-Rueda
- Escola Universitària d'Infermeria i Teràpia Ocupacional de Terrassa (EUIT), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Terrassa, Spain
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Aragay N, Vallès V, Ramos-Grille I, Garrido G, Grimalt EG, Miranda Ruiz E, Jovell-Fernández E. Differences in Screen Addiction in the Past 15 Years. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 21:1. [PMID: 38276790 PMCID: PMC10815312 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
The use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) has become widespread in recent years, leading to an increase in addiction cases. A total of 118 patients who attended the Behavioral Addictions Unit of Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa (Barcelona, Spain) between October 2005 and December 2021 were included in the study. The sample was divided into three groups according to the time period in which they started treatment: between 2005 and 2010 (before the rise in new technologies, named the pre-ICT period), between 2011 and 2019 (a time of major ICT development, named the ICT period) and between 2020 and 2021 (with massive use of the internet due to effects of the pandemic, named the COVID-19 period). We found an increase in the incidence of screen addiction cases related to the development of technology throughout the study years, and this increase was accentuated during the COVID-19 period. This increase was not equal for all types of content consumed via the internet, with patients with video game addiction increasing to a greater extent than patients with internet/social network addiction. In addition, patients with video game addiction were younger and had started gaming at a younger age than those with internet/social network addiction. These results contribute to a better understanding of the phenomenon of technology addiction and to the design of appropriate treatment protocols and preventive programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Aragay
- Behavioral Addictions Unit, Area of Mental Health Care, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, 08227 Terrassa, Spain; (V.V.); (I.R.-G.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad Internacional de Catalunya, 08017 Barcelona, Spain; (G.G.); (E.J.-F.)
| | - Vicenç Vallès
- Behavioral Addictions Unit, Area of Mental Health Care, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, 08227 Terrassa, Spain; (V.V.); (I.R.-G.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad Internacional de Catalunya, 08017 Barcelona, Spain; (G.G.); (E.J.-F.)
- Area of Mental Health Care, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, 08227 Terrassa, Spain;
| | - Irene Ramos-Grille
- Behavioral Addictions Unit, Area of Mental Health Care, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, 08227 Terrassa, Spain; (V.V.); (I.R.-G.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad Internacional de Catalunya, 08017 Barcelona, Spain; (G.G.); (E.J.-F.)
| | - Gemma Garrido
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad Internacional de Catalunya, 08017 Barcelona, Spain; (G.G.); (E.J.-F.)
- Community Rehabilitation Service, Area of Mental Health Care, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, 08227 Terrassa, Spain
| | - Enric Gamundi Grimalt
- Hematological Cytology, Pathological Anatomy Service, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, 08907 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Elena Miranda Ruiz
- Area of Mental Health Care, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, 08227 Terrassa, Spain;
| | - Esther Jovell-Fernández
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad Internacional de Catalunya, 08017 Barcelona, Spain; (G.G.); (E.J.-F.)
- Department of Epidemiology, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, 08227 Terrassa, Spain
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Sanz-Osorio MT, Sastre-Rus M, Monistrol O, Pérez Criado M, Vallès V, Escobar-Bravo MA. Humanization of care in acute psychiatric hospitalization units: A scoping review. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 2023; 30:162-181. [PMID: 35822294 DOI: 10.1111/jpm.12858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT?: Humanizing the world of health is a complex process that includes all the dimensions of the person. When a person has from a mental illness, the humanization of care becomes more important, as the disorder itself prevents the person to participate in their health process, even when showing self-harm or aggressive behaviours. These situations jointly with other factors related with professionals (insufficient ratio, inadequate treatment or lack of training) may cause the patient admitted to the acute psychiatric hospitalization unit to require the use of restrictive measures (involuntary admissions, mechanical restraints or forced administration of medication). WHAT THE PAPER ADDS TO EXISTING KNOWLEDGE?: We identify the relevance of the perception the patient and family have regarding the care received, as well as the relevance of factors related to the professionals, among which the attitude, the staff ratio, the nursing time of direct dedication, and the therapeutic environment and safety of the patient and the professionals. All patients must be treated with dignity, respect, regardless of the aggressive manifestations caused by their pathology. WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE?: A greater understanding of the care offered to admitted people affected by a mental disorder, their families and professionals who care for them in acute mental health units, giving greater importance to "caring" and not exclusively to "curing." ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: Humanization in Mental Health refers to give the same relevance to the clinical needs and to the social, emotional and psychological needs. AIM To identify the published knowledge on current care models related to the humanization of care in acute psychiatric units. METHOD Scoping review based on the methodological model of Arksey and O'Malley, and PRISMA methodology. Database searches (Pubmed, Cinahl, Virtual Library, Cuiden, Academic Google and PsycInfo) with the terms: "Humanization," "Hospitals Psychiatric," "Emergency Psychiatric," "Psychiatric Service" and "Psychiatric intensive care units." RESULTS Twenty-two articles met the inclusion criteria. Four thematic units were identified: aspects related to (i) patient perceptions; (ii) Government policies and hospitality organizational culture; (iii) external factors such as the environment, family or associations; and (iv) safety and security. DISCUSSION Only one of the articles mentions the concept analysed, although all of them contribute with key aspects of healthcare humanization, such as the empowerment of the patient, the care model, the staff ratio, the therapeutic relationship, the nursing time of direct dedication to the patient, the therapeutic environment, safety and patient and staff perception of feeling safe. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE The present study can help to improve the care offered in acute mental health units.
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Affiliation(s)
- María T Sanz-Osorio
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain.,Mental Health Department, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa (CST), Terrassa, Spain
| | - Meritxell Sastre-Rus
- Sant Pau Biomedical Research Nursing (IIB SANT PAU), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Monica Pérez Criado
- Mental Health Departament, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa (CST), Terrassa, Spain
| | - Vicenç Vallès
- Mental Health Department, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa (CST), Terrassa, Spain
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Vicari F, Randazzo S, López J, Fernández de Labastida M, Vallès V, Micale G, Tamburini A, D'Alì Staiti G, Cortina JL, Cipollina A. Mining minerals and critical raw materials from bittern: Understanding metal ions fate in saltwork ponds. Sci Total Environ 2022; 847:157544. [PMID: 35878854 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Seawater represents a potential resource for raw materials extraction. Although NaCl is the most representative mineral extracted other valuable compounds such as Mg, Li, Sr, Rb and B and elements at trace level (Cs, Co, In, Sc, Ga and Ge) are also contained in this "liquid mine". Most of them are considered as Critical Raw Materials by the European Union. Solar saltworks, providing concentration factors of up-to 20 to 40, offer a perfect platform for the development of minerals and metal recovery schemes taking benefit of the concentration and purification achieved along the evaporation saltwork ponds. However, the geochemistry of these elements in this environment has not been yet thoroughly evaluated. Their knowledge could enable the deployment of technologies capable to achieve the recovery of valuable minerals. The high ionic strengths expected (0.5-7 mol/kg) and the chemical complexity of the solutions imply that only numerical geochemical codes, as PHREEQC, and the use of Pitzer model to estimate the activity coefficients of the different species in solution can be adopted to provide valuable description of the systems. In the present work, for the first time, PHREEQC Pitzer code database was extended to include the target minor and trace elements using Trapani saltworks (Sicily, Italy) as a case study system. The model was able to predict: i) the purity in halite and the major impurities contained, mainly Ca, Mg and sulphate species; ii) the fate of minor components as B, Sr, Cs, Co, Ge and Ga along the evaporation ponds. The results obtained pose a fundamental step in critical raw materials mining from seawater brine, for process intensification and combination with desalination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S Randazzo
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università di Palermo (UNIPA), Palermo, Italy
| | - J López
- Chemical Engineering Department, UPC-BarcelonaTECH, Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Research Center for Multiscale Science and Engineering, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Fernández de Labastida
- Chemical Engineering Department, UPC-BarcelonaTECH, Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Research Center for Multiscale Science and Engineering, Barcelona, Spain
| | - V Vallès
- Chemical Engineering Department, UPC-BarcelonaTECH, Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Research Center for Multiscale Science and Engineering, Barcelona, Spain
| | - G Micale
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università di Palermo (UNIPA), Palermo, Italy
| | - A Tamburini
- ResourSEAs srl, Palermo, Italy; Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università di Palermo (UNIPA), Palermo, Italy
| | | | - J L Cortina
- Chemical Engineering Department, UPC-BarcelonaTECH, Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Research Center for Multiscale Science and Engineering, Barcelona, Spain; Water Technology Center (CETaqua), Cornellà de Llobregat, Spain.
| | - A Cipollina
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università di Palermo (UNIPA), Palermo, Italy
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Vallès V, Fernández de Labastida M, López J, Battaglia G, Winter D, Randazzo S, Cipollina A, Cortina J. Sustainable recovery of critical elements from seawater saltworks bitterns by integration of high selective sorbents and reactive precipitation and crystallisation: developing the probe of concept with on-site produced chemicals and energy. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Ramos-Grille I, Weyant J, Wormwood JB, Robles M, Vallès V, Camprodon JA, Chanes L. Predictive processing in depression: Increased prediction error following negative valence contexts and influence of recent mood-congruent yet irrelevant experiences. J Affect Disord 2022; 311:8-16. [PMID: 35550829 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Novel theoretical models of depression have recently emerged based on an influential new perspective in neuroscience known as predictive processing. In these models, depression may be understood as an imbalance of predictive signals in the brain; more specifically, a dominance of predictions leading to a relative insensitivity to prediction error. Despite these important theoretical advances, empirical evidence remains limited, and how expectations are generated and used dynamically in individuals with depression remains largely unexplored. METHODS In this study, we induced facial expression predictions using emotion contexts in 34 individuals with depression and 34 healthy controls. RESULTS Compared to controls, individuals with depression perceived displayed facial expressions as less similar to their expectations (i.e., increased difference between expectations and actual sensory input) following contexts evoking negative valence emotions, indicating that depressed individuals have increased prediction error in such contexts. This effect was amplified by recent mood-congruent yet irrelevant experiences. LIMITATIONS The clinical sample included participants with comorbid psychopathology and taking medication. Additionally, the two groups were not evaluated in the same setting, and only three emotion categories (fear, sadness, and happiness) were explored. CONCLUSIONS Our results shed light on potential mechanisms underlying processing abnormalities regarding negative information, which has been consistently reported in depression, and may be a relevant point of departure for exploring transdiagnostic vulnerability to mental illness. Our data also has the potential to improve clinical practice through the implementation of novel diagnostic and therapeutic tools based on the assessment and modulation of predictive signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Ramos-Grille
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain; Division of Mental Health, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Terrassa, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Jennifer Weyant
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | | | - Marta Robles
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Vicenç Vallès
- Division of Mental Health, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Terrassa, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Joan A Camprodon
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lorena Chanes
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain; Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain; Serra Húnter Programme, Generalitat de Catalunya, Catalunya, Spain.
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Ramos-Grille I, Aragay N, Valero S, Garrido G, Santacana M, Guillamat R, Vallès V, Gomà-i-Freixanet M. Relationship between depressive disorders and personality traits: the value of the alternative five factor model. Curr Psychol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-020-01005-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Aragay N, Pijuan L, Cabestany À, Ramos-Grille I, Garrido G, Vallès V, Jovell-Fernández E. Current Addiction in Youth: Online Sports Betting. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:590554. [PMID: 33519547 PMCID: PMC7838454 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.590554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Gambling landscape has changed in recent years with the emergence of online gambling (OG). Greater accessibility and availability of this betting modality can increase the risk of developing a gambling disorder (GD). Online sports betting (OSB) is currently the most common type of OG, but little is known about the clinical characteristics of OSB compared to slot-machine (SM) gamblers, the most common offline gambling disorder. Methods: This was a prospective study conducted between October 2005 and September 2019, and included outpatients diagnosed with GD seen in a Pathological Gambling and Behavioral Addictions referral unit. Only patients with OSB and SM disorders were included. The main objective was to assess the clinical profile of OSB compared to SM gamblers, and to define clinical predictors for developing OSB gambling disorder. Logistic regression was performed to determine the effects of variables on the likelihood of this disorder. Results: Among 1,186 patients attended in our Unit during the study period, 873 patients were included; 32 (3.7%) were OSB gamblers and 841 (96.3%) were SM gamblers. Overall, mean age was 45 ± 13 years and 94.3% were men. Compared to SM patients, OSB patients were younger (34.9 ± 9.5 vs. 45.3 ±13), more frequently single (43.8 vs. 20.6%) and had a university education level (43.8 vs. 4.5%); they were also more frequently non-smokers (18.7 vs. 66.7%) and had fewer psychiatric comorbidities (12.5 vs. 29.4%) than SM gamblers. GD duration before treatment initiation was shorter in OSB patients than in SM gamblers, most of them (81.3 vs. 42.4%) with ≤ 5 years of GD duration. OSB gamblers showed significant differences in weekly gambling expenditure, spending higher amounts than SM patients. Younger age (OR: 0.919; 95% CI: 0.874-0.966), university education level (OR: 10.658; 95% CI: 3.330-34.119), weekly expenditure >100€ (OR: 5.811; 95% CI:1.544-21.869), and being a non-smoker (OR:13.248; 95% CI:4.332-40.517) were associated with an increased likelihood of OSB gambling behavior. Conclusions: We identified different profiles for OSB and SM gamblers. Younger age, university education level, higher weekly expenditure, and non-smoking habit were associated with OSB compared to SM disorders. Prevention strategies should help young people become aware of the severe risks of OSB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Aragay
- Pathological Gambling Unit, Department of Mental Health, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Terrassa, Spain.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laia Pijuan
- Department of Mental Health, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Terrassa, Spain
| | - Àngela Cabestany
- Department of Mental Health, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Terrassa, Spain
| | - Irene Ramos-Grille
- Pathological Gambling Unit, Department of Mental Health, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Terrassa, Spain.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Garrido
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.,Community Mental Health Service, Department of Mental Health, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Terrassa, Spain
| | - Vicenç Vallès
- Pathological Gambling Unit, Department of Mental Health, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Terrassa, Spain.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Mental Health, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Terrassa, Spain
| | - Esther Jovell-Fernández
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Epidemiology, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Terrassa, Spain
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Garcia-Caballero A, Torrens-Lluch M, Ramírez-Gendrau I, Garrido G, Vallès V, Aragay N. The efficacy of Motivational Intervention and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Pathological Gambling. Adicciones 2018; 30:219-224. [PMID: 29353301 DOI: 10.20882/adicciones.965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the current study is to determine the effectiveness of an individual psychological intervention based on the motivational interview and cognitive-behavioral therapy for the treatment of pathological gambling. A sample of 18 participants, diagnosed of pathological gambling and without any other associated comorbidity, were assessed, attended at the publicly-funded Gambling and Behavioral Addictions Unit (Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa). Median age was 46 years (SD = 12). All the patients achieved abstinence and completed follow-up. The Screen for Gambling Problems (NODS), Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction (Q-LES-Q), Impulsive Behavior Scale (UPPS-P), Sheehan Disability Inventory (SDI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) were administered pre- and posttreatment. Results showed that patients significantly reduced the problems related to gambling behavior according to the NODS score (p < .000). Regarding impulsive behavior (UPPS-P), we found significant differences in negative urgency (p < .001), positive urgency (p < .001), (lack of) premeditation (p < .029) and (lack of) perseverance (p < .048). Some relevant aspects of quality of life as assessed by the Q-LES-Q had improved. In conclusion, the study shows that psychological intervention based on the motivational interview and cognitive-behavioral therapy not only significantly reduces gambling-related behavior problems but also leads to improvements in impulsivity and quality of life. .
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Aragay N, Barrios M, Ramirez-Gendrau I, Garcia-Caballero A, Garrido G, Ramos-Grille I, Galindo Y, Martin-Dombrowski J, Vallès V. Impulsivity profiles in pathological slot machine gamblers. Compr Psychiatry 2018; 83:79-83. [PMID: 29625378 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In gambling disorder (GD), impulsivity has been related with severity, treatment outcome and a greater dropout rate. The aim of the study is to obtain an empirical classification of GD patients based on their impulsivity and compare the resulting groups in terms of sociodemographic, clinical and gambling behavior variables. METHODS 126 patients with slot machine GD attending the Pathological Gambling Unit between 2013 and 2016 were included. The UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale was used to assess impulsivity, and the severity of past-year gambling behavior was established with the Screen for Gambling problems questionnaire (NODS). Depression and anxiety symptoms and executive function were also assessed. A two-step cluster analysis was carried out to determine impulsivity profiles. RESULTS According to the UPPS-P data, two clusters were generated. Cluster 1 showed the highest scores on all the UPPS-P subscales, whereas patients from cluster 2 exhibited only high scores on two UPPS-P subscales: Negative Urgency and Lack of premeditation. Additionally, patients on cluster 1 were younger and showed significantly higher scores on the Beck Depression Inventory and on the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory questionnaires, worse emotional regulation and executive functioning, and reported more psychiatric comorbidity compared to patients in cluster 2. With regard to gambling behavior, cluster 1 patients had significantly higher NODS scores and a higher percentage presented active gambling behavior at treatment start than in cluster 2. CONCLUSIONS We found two impulsivity subtypes of slot machine gamblers. Patients with high impulsivity showed more severe gambling behavior, more clinical psychopathology and worse emotional regulation and executive functioning than those with lower levels of impulsivity. These two different clinical profiles may require different therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Aragay
- Pathological Gambling Unit, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Barcelona, (Spain); Department of Mental Health, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Barcelona, (Spain).
| | - Maite Barrios
- Quantitative Psychology Unit, Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neurosciences (Neuro UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Ramirez-Gendrau
- Pathological Gambling Unit, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Barcelona, (Spain); Department of Mental Health, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Barcelona, (Spain)
| | - Anna Garcia-Caballero
- Pathological Gambling Unit, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Barcelona, (Spain); Department of Mental Health, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Barcelona, (Spain)
| | - Gemma Garrido
- Department of Mental Health, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Barcelona, (Spain)
| | - Irene Ramos-Grille
- Department of Mental Health, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Barcelona, (Spain)
| | - Yésika Galindo
- Department of Mental Health, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Barcelona, (Spain)
| | | | - Vicenç Vallès
- Department of Mental Health, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Barcelona, (Spain)
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Garrido G, Penadés R, Barrios M, Aragay N, Ramos I, Vallès V, Faixa C, Vendrell JM. Computer-assisted cognitive remediation therapy in schizophrenia: Durability of the effects and cost-utility analysis. Psychiatry Res 2017; 254:198-204. [PMID: 28463718 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.04.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The durability of computer-assisted cognitive remediation (CACR) therapy over time and the cost-effectiveness of treatment remains unclear. The aim of the current study is to investigate the effectiveness of CACR and to examine the use and cost of acute psychiatric admissions before and after of CACR. Sixty-seven participants were initially recruited. For the follow-up study a total of 33 participants were enrolled, 20 to the CACR condition group and 13 to the active control condition group. All participants were assessed at baseline, post-therapy and 12 months post-therapy on neuropsychology, QoL and self-esteem measurements. The use and cost of acute psychiatric admissions were collected retrospectively at four assessment points: baseline, 12 months post-therapy, 24 months post-therapy, and 36 months post-therapy. The results indicated that treatment effectiveness persisted in the CACR group one year post-therapy on neuropsychological and well-being outcomes. The CACR group showed a clear decrease in the use of acute psychiatric admissions at 12, 24 and 36 months post-therapy, which lowered the global costs the acute psychiatric admissions at 12, 24 and 36 months post-therapy. The CACR is durable over at least a 12-month period, and CACR may be helping to reduce health care costs for schizophrenia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Garrido
- Department of Mental Health, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa (CST), Martí Díez 5, 08224 Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Agustí Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rafael Penadés
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Agustí Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Barcelona Clinic Schizophrenia Unit (BCSU), Clinical Institute of Neurosciences (ICN), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Maite Barrios
- Department of Behavioral Sciences Methods, University of Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Núria Aragay
- Department of Mental Health, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa (CST), Martí Díez 5, 08224 Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Irene Ramos
- Department of Mental Health, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa (CST), Martí Díez 5, 08224 Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Vicenç Vallès
- Department of Mental Health, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa (CST), Martí Díez 5, 08224 Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Carlota Faixa
- Section of Neuropsychology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Josep M Vendrell
- Section of Neuropsychology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.
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Santacana M, Arias B, Mitjans M, Bonillo A, Montoro M, Rosado S, Guillamat R, Vallès V, Pérez V, Forero CG, Fullana MA. Correction: Predicting Response Trajectories during Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy for Panic Disorder: No Association with the BDNF Gene or Childhood Maltreatment. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167833. [PMID: 27907177 PMCID: PMC5132167 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158224.].
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Ramos-Grille I, Gomà-i-Freixanet M, Aragay N, Garrido G, Pueyo E, Valero S, Vallès V, Guillamat R. Treatment outcomes in depressed outpatients: The influence of patient’s expectations. Personality and Individual Differences 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2016.05.271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Santacana M, Arias B, Mitjans M, Bonillo A, Montoro M, Rosado S, Guillamat R, Vallès V, Pérez V, Forero CG, Fullana MA. Predicting Response Trajectories during Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy for Panic Disorder: No Association with the BDNF Gene or Childhood Maltreatment. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158224. [PMID: 27355213 PMCID: PMC4927091 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxiety disorders are highly prevalent and result in low quality of life and a high social and economic cost. The efficacy of cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) for anxiety disorders is well established, but a substantial proportion of patients do not respond to this treatment. Understanding which genetic and environmental factors are responsible for this differential response to treatment is a key step towards "personalized medicine". Based on previous research, our objective was to test whether the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism and/or childhood maltreatment are associated with response trajectories during exposure-based CBT for panic disorder (PD). METHOD We used Growth Mixture Modeling to identify latent classes of change (response trajectories) in patients with PD (N = 97) who underwent group manualized exposure-based CBT. We conducted logistic regression to investigate the effect on these trajectories of the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism and two different types of childhood maltreatment, abuse and neglect. RESULTS We identified two response trajectories ("high response" and "low response"), and found that they were not significantly associated with either the genetic (BDNF Val66Met polymorphism) or childhood trauma-related variables of interest, nor with an interaction between these variables. CONCLUSIONS We found no evidence to support an effect of the BDNF gene or childhood trauma-related variables on CBT outcome in PD. Future studies in this field may benefit from looking at other genotypes or using different (e.g. whole-genome) approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martí Santacana
- Department of Mental Health, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Terrassa, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Bárbara Arias
- Anthropology Unit, Department of Animal Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERSAM (Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Salud Mental), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Mitjans
- CIBERSAM (Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Salud Mental), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Albert Bonillo
- Department of Psychobiology and Methodology of Health Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - María Montoro
- Department of Mental Health, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Terrassa, Spain
| | - Sílvia Rosado
- Institute of Neuropsychiatry and Addictions, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roser Guillamat
- Department of Mental Health, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Terrassa, Spain
| | - Vicenç Vallès
- Department of Mental Health, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Terrassa, Spain
| | - Víctor Pérez
- CIBERSAM (Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Salud Mental), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Neuropsychiatry and Addictions, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos G. Forero
- CIBERESP (Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red, Epidemiología y Salud Pública), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Health Services Research Group, IMIM (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Experimental and Life Sciences (DCEXS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miquel A. Fullana
- Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Institute of Neuropsychiatry and Addictions, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
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Ramos-Grille I, Gomà-i-Freixanet M, Aragay N, Valero S, Vallès V. Predicting treatment failure in pathological gambling: the role of personality traits. Addict Behav 2015; 43:54-9. [PMID: 25555154 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was twofold: First, to assess the personality profile of treatment-seeking adult outpatients with pathological gambling compared to a matched control group under the Alternative Five Factor Model perspective, and second, to determine which personality variables would predict treatment outcome. METHODS The final total sample consisted of 44 consecutive treatment-seeking pathological gamblers (PGs) and 88 controls paired by age and sex who completed the Zuckerman-Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire (ZKPQ). Twelve months after starting an open program of individual cognitive-behavioral therapy, PGs were categorized as abstinent or treatment failure. RESULTS PGs scored significantly higher on Neuroticism-Anxiety. Those who had relapsed or dropped out showed higher Impulsivity and Sensation Seeking scores. Impulsivity emerged as a significant predictor of treatment failure. Treatment-seeking PGs scored higher on Neuroticism-Anxiety and Impulsivity appeared as a risk factor of relapsing or dropping out. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support the importance of individual differences in personality on therapy outcomes. The ZKPQ may constitute a useful tool to identify these individual differences that might be considered when making personalized treatment decisions to improve the effectiveness and quality of treatment interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Ramos-Grille
- Department of Psychiatry, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Catalonia, Spain; Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | | | - Núria Aragay
- Department of Psychiatry, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Sergi Valero
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, CIBERSAM. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Vicenç Vallès
- Department of Psychiatry, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Catalonia, Spain.
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Aragay N, Jiménez-Murcia S, Granero R, Fernández-Aranda F, Ramos-Grille I, Cardona S, Garrido G, Anisul Islam M, Menchón JM, Vallès V. Pathological gambling: understanding relapses and dropouts. Compr Psychiatry 2015; 57:58-64. [PMID: 25434846 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2014.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
There is little available information on the factors that influence relapses and dropouts during therapy for pathological gambling (PG). The aim of this study was to determine socio-demographic, clinical, personality, and psychopathological predictors of relapse and dropout in a sample of pathological gamblers seeking treatment. A total of 566 consecutive outpatients diagnosed with PG according to DSM-IV-TR criteria were included. All patients underwent an individualized cognitive-behavioral treatment program. We analyzed predictors of relapse during 6months of treatment and during the subsequent 6months of follow-up, and predictors of dropout over the entire therapeutic program. Eighty patients (14.1%) experienced at least one relapse during the entire follow-up of the study: 50 (8.8%) within the treatment period and 12 (2.1%) during the subsequent 6-month follow-up period. The main predictors of relapse were single marital status, spending less than 100euros/week on gambling, active gambling behavior at treatment inclusion, and high scores on the TCI-R Harm Avoidance personality dimension. One hundred fifty-seven patients (27.8%) missed 3 or more therapeutic sessions over the entire therapeutic program. The main predictors of dropout were single marital status, younger age, and high scores on the TCI-R Novelty Seeking personality dimension. The presence of these factors at inclusion should be taken into account by physicians dealing with PG patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Aragay
- Pathological Gambling Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Susana Jiménez-Murcia
- Pathological Gambling Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain; Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona,Spain
| | - Roser Granero
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia de les Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona,Spain
| | - Fernando Fernández-Aranda
- Pathological Gambling Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain; Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona,Spain
| | - Irene Ramos-Grille
- Pathological Gambling Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Cardona
- Pathological Gambling Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Garrido
- Department of Psychiatry, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mohammed Anisul Islam
- Pathological Gambling Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain; Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José M Menchón
- Pathological Gambling Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona,Spain; CIBER Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vicenç Vallès
- Department of Psychiatry, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
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Farré JM, Fernández-Aranda F, Granero R, Aragay N, Mallorquí-Bague N, Ferrer V, More A, Bouman WP, Arcelus J, Savvidou LG, Penelo E, Aymamí MN, Gómez-Peña M, Gunnard K, Romaguera A, Menchón JM, Vallès V, Jiménez-Murcia S. Sex addiction and gambling disorder: similarities and differences. Compr Psychiatry 2015; 56:59-68. [PMID: 25459420 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2014.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recently, the DSM-5 has developed a new diagnostic category named "Substance-related and Addictive Disorders". This category includes gambling disorder (GD) as the sole behavioral addiction, but does not include sex addiction (SA). The aim of this study is to investigate whether SA should be classified more closely to other behavioral addictions, via a comparison of the personality characteristics and comorbid psychopathology of individuals with SA with those of individuals with GD, which comes under the category of addiction and related disorders. METHOD The sample included 59 patients diagnosed with SA, who were compared to 2190 individuals diagnosed with GD and to 93 healthy controls. Assessment measures included the Diagnostic Questionnaire for Pathological Gambling, the South Oaks Gambling Screen, the Symptom CheckList-90 Items-Revised and the Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised. RESULTS No statistically significant differences were found between the two clinical groups, except for socio-economic status. Although statistically significant differences were found between both clinical groups and controls for all scales on the SCL-90, no differences were found between the two clinical groups. The results were different for personality characteristics: logistic regression models showed that sex addictive behavior was predicted by a higher education level and by lower scores for TCI-R novelty-seeking, harm avoidance, persistence and self-transcendence. Being employed and lower scores in cooperativeness also tended to predict the presence of sex addiction. CONCLUSIONS While SA and GD share some psychopathological and personality traits that are not present in healthy controls, there are also some diagnostic-specific characteristics that differentiate between the two clinical groups. These findings may help to increase our knowledge of phenotypes existing in behavioral addictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Farré
- Servei de Psiquiatria, Psicologia i Medicina Psicosomática Hospital Universitari Quirón-Dexeus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Fernández-Aranda
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Granero
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - N Aragay
- Unitat d'Atenció al Joc Patològic i altres Addiccions no tòxiques, Àmbit d'Atenció a la Salut Mental, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - N Mallorquí-Bague
- Servei de Psiquiatria, Psicologia i Medicina Psicosomática Hospital Universitari Quirón-Dexeus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - V Ferrer
- Servei de Psiquiatria, Psicologia i Medicina Psicosomática Hospital Universitari Quirón-Dexeus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A More
- Servei de Psiquiatria, Psicologia i Medicina Psicosomática Hospital Universitari Quirón-Dexeus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - W P Bouman
- The Nottingham Gender Clinic, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - J Arcelus
- The Nottingham Gender Clinic, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Leicester Eating Disorders Service, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - L G Savvidou
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Penelo
- Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M N Aymamí
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Gómez-Peña
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - K Gunnard
- Servei de Psiquiatria, Psicologia i Medicina Psicosomática Hospital Universitari Quirón-Dexeus, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Romaguera
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J M Menchón
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - V Vallès
- Unitat d'Atenció al Joc Patològic i altres Addiccions no tòxiques, Àmbit d'Atenció a la Salut Mental, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Jiménez-Murcia
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.
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Santacana M, Fullana MA, Bonillo A, Morales M, Montoro M, Rosado S, Guillamat R, Vallès V, Pérez V, Bulbena A. Psychometric properties of the Spanish self-report version of the panic disorder severity scale. Compr Psychiatry 2014; 55:1467-72. [PMID: 24850072 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2014.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Revised: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goal of the study was to assess the psychometric properties and the factor structure of the Spanish self-report version of the Panic Disorder Severity Scale (PDSS-SR). METHOD One hundred and twenty four patients meeting DSM-IV criteria for panic disorder were assessed with the Spanish PDSS-SR, the Anxiety Sensitivity Index-3 (ASI-3), the Sheehan Disability Inventory (SDI) and the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II). Cronbach's alpha was used to evaluate internal consistency. Pearson correlations were used to evaluate test-retest reliability, convergent and divergent validity. Sensitivity to change data was obtained for 91 patients that had completed a cognitive behavioural therapy. The factor structure was analysed using a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). RESULTS The Spanish PDSS-SR showed excellent internal consistency, good test-retest reliability and adequate convergent validity. Regarding divergent validity, the correlation with the BDI-II was larger than expected. The Spanish PDSS-SR was sensitive to change. Our CFA suggested a two-factor model for the scale. CONCLUSIONS The Spanish PDSS-SR has similar psychometric properties as the previous versions of the PDSS-SR and it can become a useful instrument to assess panic symptoms in clinical and research settings in Spanish-speaking countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martí Santacana
- Department of Mental Health, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miquel A Fullana
- Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neuropsychiatry and Addictions, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Albert Bonillo
- Department of Psychobiology and Methodology of Health Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miriam Morales
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Mútua de Terrassa, Spain
| | - María Montoro
- Department of Mental Health, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Spain
| | - Sílvia Rosado
- Institute of Neuropsychiatry and Addictions, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roser Guillamat
- Department of Mental Health, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Spain
| | - Vicenç Vallès
- Department of Mental Health, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Spain
| | - Víctor Pérez
- Institute of Neuropsychiatry and Addictions, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERSAM (Centro de Investigación en Red de Salud Mental), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Antoni Bulbena
- Institute of Neuropsychiatry and Addictions, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
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Ramos-Grille I, Gomà-Freixanet M, Aragay N, Valero S, Guillamat R, Vallès V. Personality profile of pathological gamblers: The alternative five factor model. Personality and Individual Differences 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2013.07.278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Garrido G, Barrios M, Penadés R, Enríquez M, Garolera M, Aragay N, Pajares M, Vallès V, Delgado L, Alberni J, Faixa C, Vendrell JM. Computer-assisted cognitive remediation therapy: cognition, self-esteem and quality of life in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2013; 150:563-9. [PMID: 24035402 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2013.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Revised: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quality of life (QoL) is an important outcome in the treatment of schizophrenia. Cognitive deficits have an impact on functional outcomes. Cognitive remediation therapy is emerging as a psychological intervention that targets cognitive impairment, but the effect of computer-assisted cognitive remediation on neuropsychology and social functioning and wellbeing remains unclear. The aim of the current study is to investigate the neurocognitive outcomes of computer-assisted cognitive remediation (CACR) therapy in a sample of schizophrenia patients, and to measure the quality of life and self-esteem as secondary outcomes. METHODS Sixty-seven people with schizophrenia were randomly assigned to computer-assisted cognitive remediation or an active control condition. The main outcomes were neuropsychological measures and secondary outcomes (self-esteem and quality of life). Measurements were recorded at baseline and post-treatment. RESULTS The CACR therapy group improved in speed of processing, working memory and reasoning and problem-solving cognitive domains. QoL and self-esteem measures also showed significant improvements over time in this group. CONCLUSIONS Computer-assisted cognitive remediation therapy for people with schizophrenia achieved improvements in neuropsychological performance and in QoL and self-esteem measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Garrido
- Department of Mental Health, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Terrassa (Barcelona), Spain.
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Ramos-Grille I, Gomà-i-Freixanet M, Aragay N, Valero S, Vallès V. The role of personality in the prediction of treatment outcome in pathological gamblers: a follow-up study. Psychol Assess 2013; 25:599-605. [PMID: 23544399 DOI: 10.1037/a0031930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine which domains in NEO Personality Inventory-Revised would predict relapse and dropout in treatment-seeking slot-machine pathological gamblers after 1-year follow-up. The NEO PI-R was completed by 73 consecutive treatment-seeking outpatients before they began an open program of individual cognitive-behavioral therapy. Twelve months after starting treatment, patients were categorized in groups as abstinent versus relapsed or completers versus dropouts. At 1-year follow-up, 29% of patients were abstinent, and 48% had completed treatment. Those who had relapsed showed higher significant scores on Neuroticism and lower scores on Conscientiousness. The dropout group scored significantly higher on Neuroticism and lower on Agreeableness and Conscientiousness than the completer group. Low scores on Conscientiousness emerged as a significant predictor of relapse; while low scores on Conscientiousness and Agreeableness were significant predictors of dropout. It seems as if low Conscientiousness could be considered as a predictor of treatment failure measured by either relapses or dropouts, whereas, low Agreeableness seems to be a prognostic domain specifically for dropouts. Pathological gamblers with lower Conscientiousness and lower Agreeableness seem to be at risk of prematurely dropping out of treatment. Our findings support the importance of individual differences in personality on therapy outcomes. The NEO PI-R may constitute an important tool to identify treatment-seeking pathological gamblers who may be at risk of relapsing or dropping out of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Ramos-Grille
- Department of Psychiatry, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
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Aragay N, Roca A, Garcia B, Marqueta C, Guijarro S, Delgado L, Garolera M, Alberni J, Vallès V. Pathological gambling in a psychiatric sample. Compr Psychiatry 2012; 53:9-14. [PMID: 21489418 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2011.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2010] [Revised: 01/28/2011] [Accepted: 02/11/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study determines the prevalence of gambling difficulties in a consecutive sample of psychiatric inpatients and compares it with a nonpsychiatric inpatient sample. In addition, the gambling prevalence among all psychiatric disorders is analyzed. METHOD An observational study was conducted in psychiatric patients and sex- and age-matched nonpsychiatric patients. The psychiatric group (n = 100) included all consecutive patients admitted to the psychiatric unit of our hospital. The nonpsychiatric group (n = 100) included psychiatrically healthy inpatients from any other hospital unit. The National Opinion Research Center Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Screen for Gambling Problems was used to screen for gambling behavior. RESULTS Gambling difficulties were experienced by 3% (2% pathological gambling and 1% problem gambling) of nonpsychiatric inpatients and 9% (8% pathological gambling and 1% problem gambling) of psychiatric inpatients, including 6 with psychotic disorders, 1 with mood disorder, 1 with adjustment disorder, and 1 with eating disorder. There were no statistical differences in gambling prevalence between groups. In terms of comorbidity, patients with psychotic disorder had a higher prevalence of gambling problems than other psychiatric disorders (P = .045). CONCLUSIONS A higher prevalence of gambling disorders was found in psychiatric inpatients than in nonpsychiatric inpatients. It may be advisable for therapists to routinely assess for gambling difficulties as part of the psychiatric evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Aragay
- Pathological Gambling Unit, Department of Mental Health, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, (Barcelona), Spain.
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Vilella E, Costas J, Sanjuan J, Guitart M, De Diego Y, Carracedo A, Martorell L, Valero J, Labad A, De Frutos R, Nájera C, Moltó MD, Toirac I, Guillamat R, Brunet A, Vallès V, Pérez L, Leon M, de Fonseca FR, Phillips C, Torres M. Association of schizophrenia with DTNBP1 but not with DAO, DAOA, NRG1 and RGS4 nor their genetic interaction. J Psychiatr Res 2008; 42:278-88. [PMID: 17408693 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2007.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2006] [Revised: 01/30/2007] [Accepted: 02/16/2007] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Recent reports indicate that DAO, DAOA, DTNBP1, NRG1 and RGS4 are some of the most-replicated genes implicated in susceptibility to schizophrenia. Also, the functions of these genes could converge in a common pathway of glutamate metabolism. The aim of this study was to evaluate if each of these genes, or their interaction, was associated with schizophrenia. A case-control study was conducted in 589 Spanish patients having a diagnosis of schizophrenia, and compared with 617 equivalent control subjects. Several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in each gene were determined in all individuals. SNP and haplotype frequencies were compared between cases and controls. The interaction between different SNPs at the same, or at different gene, loci was analyzed by the multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) method. We found a new schizophrenia risk and protective haplotypes in intron VII of DTNBP1; one of the most important candidate genes for this disorder, to-date. However, no association was found between DAO, DAOA, NRG1 and RGS4 and schizophrenia. The hypothesis that gene-gene interaction in these five genes could increase the risk for the disorder was not confirmed in the present study. In summary, these results may provide further support for an association between the dysbindin gene (DTNBP1) and schizophrenia, but not between the disease and DAO, DAOA, NRG1 and RGS4 or with the interaction of these genes. In the light of recent data, these results need to be interpreted with caution and future analyses with dense genetic maps are awaited.
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Martorell L, Costas J, Valero J, Gutierrez-Zotes A, Phillips C, Torres M, Brunet A, Garrido G, Carracedo A, Guillamat R, Vallès V, Guitart M, Labad A, Vilella E. Analyses of variants located in estrogen metabolism genes (ESR1, ESR2, COMT and APOE) and schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2008; 100:308-15. [PMID: 18164902 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2007.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2007] [Revised: 10/26/2007] [Accepted: 11/02/2007] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Relationships between gender, age-of-onset of schizophrenia and reproductive age strongly suggest a key role for gonadal hormones, and more specifically for estrogens, in the etiology of the illness. Also, estrogens act as neural growth and trophic factors influencing neuron and glial cells in many areas of the central nervous system. Therefore, we investigated the association between schizophrenia and 4 genes related to estrogen metabolism. These genes are ESR1 (estrogen receptor 1), ESR2 (estrogen receptor 2), APOE (apolipoprotein E) and COMT (catechol-O-methyltransferase). The expression of APOE and COMT, which contain estrogen response elements, have been demonstrated to be regulated by the estrogen receptors. In this current association study, we examined 59 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in the ESR1 (26), ESR2 (14), APOE (7) and COMT (12) loci. Allele frequencies were evaluated in the schizophrenia (n=585)-control (n=615) sample and no association was found with any of the four genes. In conclusion, our data suggest that the four analyzed genes do not play an important role in susceptibility to schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Martorell
- Hospital Psiquiàtric Universitari Institut Pere Mata, Ctra. De l'Institut Pere Mata s/n, 43206 Reus, Spain.
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Brunet A, Armengol L, Pelaez T, Guillamat R, Vallès V, Gabau E, Estivill X, Guitart M. Failure to detect the 22q11.2 duplication syndrome rearrangement among patients with schizophrenia. Behav Brain Funct 2008; 4:10. [PMID: 18284679 PMCID: PMC2278148 DOI: 10.1186/1744-9081-4-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2007] [Accepted: 02/19/2008] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromosome aberrations have long been studied in an effort to identify susceptibility genes for schizophrenia. Chromosome 22q11.2 microdeletion is associated with DiGeorge and Velocardiofacial syndromes (DG/VCF) and provides the most convincing evidence of an association between molecular cytogenetic abnormality and schizophrenia. In addition, this region is one of the best replicated linkage findings for schizophrenia. Recently, the reciprocal microduplication on 22q11.2 has been reported as a new syndrome. Preliminary data indicates that individuals with these duplications also suffer from neuropsychiatric disorders. In this study we have investigated the appropriateness of testing schizophrenia patients for the 22q11.2 microduplication. We used multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) to measure copy number changes on the 22q11.2 region in a sample of 190 patients with schizophrenia. Our results corroborate the prevalence of the 22q11.2 microdeletion in patients with schizophrenia and clinical features of DG/VCFS and do not suggest an association between 22q11.2 microduplication and schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Brunet
- Genes and Disease Program, Barcelona Genotyping Node, CeGen-CRG, CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG-UPF), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
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Arias B, Collier DA, Gastó C, Pintor L, Gutiérrez B, Vallès V, Fañanás L. Genetic variation in the 5-HT5A receptor gene in patients with bipolar disorder and major depression. Neurosci Lett 2001; 303:111-4. [PMID: 11311505 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3940(01)01701-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, genetic variation of the 5-HT5A receptor was analyzed in patients affected by affective disorders and healthy controls. The sample consisted of 181 patients with major depression, 88 patients with bipolar affective disorder (BP) and 157 unrelated controls (C), all of Spanish origin. Two polymorphisms (-19G/C and 12A/T) in the 5-HT5A receptor gene were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction amplification and subsequent enzyme digestion. No genotype, allele or haplotype differences were found when we compared patients and controls. When clinical variables were considered as possible tools for detecting genetic heterogeneity, no differences were found. Our results suggest that the polymorphisms analyzed in the 5-HT5A receptor gene do not play a major role in the pathogenesis of affective disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Arias
- Unitat d'Antropologia, Departament de Biologia Animal, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 645, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
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Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been reported that relatives of probands with severe, psychotic forms of bipolar illness have increased rates of schizophrenia but not the relatives of individuals with milder, non-psychotic forms of disorder. In this study, we examined the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in the first degree relatives of a sample of 103 inpatients with bipolar disorder and in a matched control sample of 84 healthy individuals. METHOD Relatives of cases and controls were interviewed using the FH-RDC to determine familial morbid risk for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Age- and sex-adjusted morbidity risks were calculated in both samples according to the method of Strömgren. RESULTS The morbid risks for both bipolar disorder (4.9%) and schizophrenia (2.8%) were higher in relatives of patients than in relatives of controls (0.3% and 0.6% respectively). The relative risks were 14.2 [95% confidence interval (CI)=3.1-64.2] for bipolar disorder and 4.9 (95% CI=1.3-18.8) for schizophrenia. Relatives of women with early onset of bipolar illness had the highest morbid risks for both bipolar illness and schizophrenia. The presence of more than one patient with bipolar disorder in a family increased the risk for schizophrenia nearly fourfold (RR=3.5, 95% CI=1.2-10.2). There was no additional effect of presence of psychotic features. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the transmission of psychosis is not disorder-specific. Bipolar illness characterised by a high familial loading is associated with increased risk of schizophrenia in the relatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Vallès
- Servei de Psiquiatria, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Carretera de Torrebonica, 08227 Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain.
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Gutiérrez B, Arranz MJ, Collier DA, Vallès V, Guillamat R, Bertranpetit J, Murray RM, Fãnás L. Serotonin transporter gene and risk for bipolar affective disorder: an association study in Spanish population. Biol Psychiatry 1998; 43:843-7. [PMID: 9611675 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3223(97)00540-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The serotonin transporter (5-HTT) is an important candidate gene for the genetic transmission of manic depressive illness. Many studies of patients with affective disorders have found abnormalities in serotonin metabolism and dysregulation of the transporter itself. In the present study, we hypothesize that genetic variation in the 5-HTT gene (17q11.1-17q12) may have an effect in the etiology of manic depression. METHODS To test this hypothesis, we analyzed allele, genotype, and haplotype frequencies of two polymorphisms recently described in the 5-HTT gene (a variable number of tandem repeats in intron 2 and a deletion/insertion polymorphism in the transcriptional control region) in a sample of 88 patients with manic-depressive illness and 113 controls. Cases and controls were matched for ethnic and geographic origin. RESULTS No associations were found between any of these polymorphisms, tested individually or as haplotypes, and manic depression. Moreover, the genetic analysis by sex, presence/absence of psychiatric family history, and age of onset did not reveal significant differences in allele or genotype distributions. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the genetic variability of the 5-HTT gene is not a major risk factor for manic depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Gutiérrez
- Unitat d'Antropologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal, Spain
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Abstract
Dermatoglyphic alterations may be the result of early prenatal disturbances thought to be implicated in the aetiology of psychiatric illness. In order to test this hypothesis in the particular case of bipolar disorder, we assessed two congenital dermatoglyphic malformations (ridge dissociation (RD) and abnormal features (AF)) and two metric dermatoglyphic traits (total finger ridge count (TFRC) and total a-b ridge count (TABRC)) in a sample of 118 patients with chronic DSM-III-R bipolar illness, and 216 healthy controls. Bipolar cases showed a significant excess of RD and AF (OR = 2.80; 95% CI: 2.31-3.38) when compared with controls. In the cases, the presence of anomalies was associated with earlier age of onset. No differences were found for TFRC and TABRC. No associations were found with sex or familial morbid risk of psychiatric disorders. Our findings add further weight to the suggestion that early developmental disruption is a risk factor for later bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Gutiérrez
- Unitat d'Antropologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
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Crespo MC, Garolera M, Vallès V. [Evaluation of presurgical anxiety]. Med Clin (Barc) 1997; 109:818. [PMID: 9493163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Gutiérrez B, Bertranpetit J, Collier D, Arranz MJ, Vallès V, Guillamat R, Van Os J, Fañanás L. Genetic variation of the 5-HT2A receptor gene and bipolar affective disorder. Hum Genet 1997; 100:582-4. [PMID: 9341875 DOI: 10.1007/s004390050556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Abnormalities of the serotonergic system have classically been associated with the origin of affective disorders through the biochemical action of therapeutic agents and their role in affective and perceptual states. In the present study, we hypothesized that genetic variation in the 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) type 2A (5-HT2A) receptor gene (HTR2A) might have an effect on the aetiology of bipolar affective disorder. Four different polymorphisms in the HTR2A gene were studied in 88 patients with bipolar affective disorder and 113 healthy controls, all of Spanish origin. No significant association was observed between any of the four polymorphisms at the HTR2A locus, whether tested individually or as haplotypes, and bipolar affective disorder. The lack of association suggests that HTR2A is not a major risk factor for bipolar affective disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Gutiérrez
- Unitat d'Antropologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
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Gutiérrez B, Bertranpetit J, Guillamat R, Vallès V, Arranz MJ, Kerwin R, Fañanás L. Association analysis of the catechol O-methyltransferase gene and bipolar affective disorder. Am J Psychiatry 1997; 154:113-5. [PMID: 8988970 DOI: 10.1176/ajp.154.1.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT) is an enzyme that inactivates catecholamines. Two common COMT alleles determine high and low activity of the enzyme. Previous studies using biochemical methods found lower enzyme activity in patients with major depression and bipolar disorder in comparison with control values, suggesting that a dysfunction in catecholamine metabolism may be related to the etiology of depression. METHOD The authors studied two recently described DNA polymorphisms at the COMT gene (a silent C256G mutation and a structural mutation, Val-108-Met) in 88 patients with bipolar disorder and in 113 healthy comparison subjects, all of Spanish origin. RESULTS The frequency of the C256 allele was 0.58 in the patients and 0.54 in the comparison subjects. The frequency of the Val108 variant was 0.57 for both the patients and the comparison subjects. No allelic or genotypic associations were observed. CONCLUSIONS The lack of association suggests that the COMT gene is not a major risk factor for bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Gutiérrez
- Laboratori d'Antropologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
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Gutiérrez B, Fañanás L, Arranz MJ, Vallès V, Guillamat R, van Os J, Collier D. Allelic association analysis of the 5-HT2C receptor gene in bipolar affective disorder. Neurosci Lett 1996; 212:65-7. [PMID: 8823764 DOI: 10.1016/0304-3940(96)12746-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We have examined a structural variant of the 5-HT2C receptor (Cys23Ser) for allelic association with bipolar affective disorder in 88 cases and 113 controls. Overall, there was no significant difference in allele frequencies between the two groups, indicating that the 5-HT2C gene is not a major risk factor for bipolar affective disorder. However, when the subjects were analysed according to sex, there was a small excess of the serine ser23 allele in female cases (P = 0.04) and this effect was also seen if the ser23 allele was considered recessive (P = 0.03). A small increase in significance was found if only female cases with a known family history were included (P = 0.01). These results suggest that the ser23 allele may increase susceptibility to bipolar affective disorder in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Gutiérrez
- Unitat d'Antropologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
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