1
|
Yarovaya L, Waranuch N, Wisuitiprot W, Khunkitti W. Chemical and mechanical accelerated and long-term stability evaluation of sunscreen formulation containing grape seed extract. J Cosmet Dermatol 2022; 21:6400-6413. [PMID: 35971885 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sunscreens and catechins from grape seed extract (GSE) are sensitive to various environmental factors and undergo certain changes over time that might affect the effectiveness of the final product. To this date, effects of thermal storage conditions have not been sufficiently addressed to guarantee the long-term stability of sunscreen formulations. AIMS To study the chemical and mechanical accelerated and long-term stability of sunscreen formulation containing GSE at the Climatic Zone IVb conditions. METHODS Stability studies were performed for 6 months for accelerated stability study at 30°C ± 2 and 50°C ± 2, 75 ± 5% relative humidity; and long-term stability study at 5°C ± 5. The quantification of constituents of three formulations: sunscreen with GSE, cream with UV filters only, and cream with GSE only was performed by high-performance liquid chromatography. In vitro spectrophotometry was used to determine changes in sun protection effectiveness through SPF and UVAPF values. Mechanical stability was evaluated by textural and rheological analyzes. RESULTS All tested formulations were less stable at high-temperature conditions. The contents of catechin (С) and epicatechin (EC) in sunscreen with GSE were reduced to 37% and 50% at 50°C, respectively, whereas UV filters appeared to be stable. However, despite the significant reduction in catechins over time, polyphenols in GSE remained unchanged at different stored conditions. The SPF values and water resistance of sunscreen with GSE were maintained throughout the study. CONCLUSIONS A current in vitro study has shown that sunscreen with GSE is a value-added anti-aging ingredient in sunscreen formulation because its polyphenolic composition as well as SPF values and water resistance were maintained under all temperature conditions over time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liudmila Yarovaya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Neti Waranuch
- Cosmetics and Natural Products Research Center, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Wudtichai Wisuitiprot
- Department of Thai Traditional Medicine, Sirindhorn College of Public Health, Ministry of Public Health, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Watcharee Khunkitti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tumsatan P, Uscharapong M, Srinakarin J, Nanagara R, Khunkitti W. Role of shear wave elastography ultrasound in patients with systemic sclerosis. J Ultrasound 2022; 25:635-643. [PMID: 35060098 PMCID: PMC9402835 DOI: 10.1007/s40477-021-00637-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE A study of shear wave elastography (SWE) for evaluation of skin stiffness in systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients. The purpose of this study was to measure the skin stiffness and thickness in patients with scleroderma using shear wave elastography. METHODS Prospective data collections of skin stiffness and thickness using SWE in SSc and control groups. RESULTS Skin stiffness and thickness were done in 29 patients with SSc and a 29 control population using SWE on bilateral forearms. The SSc patients had thicker skin and higher stiffnesses than the control group. The mean of skin thickness and stiffness using SWE of SSc are 1.74 mm and 47.32 kPa while normal subjects were 1.5 mm and 19.5 kPa. Mean differences were 0.023 mm (95% CI 0.15-0.3, p < 0.001) and 27.82 kPa (95% CI 22.63-33.01, p < 0.001). The dorsal forearms tend to have a higher SWE than the volar forearms in SSc. No statistically significant differences between gender, age or dominancy of skin stiffness were found. SWE has a good correlation with clinical manual palpation of forearms (mRSS) with Spearman rho's of 0.550 (p = 0.002) and 0.508 (p = 0.005) of dominant and non-dominant forearms. CONCLUSION The application of SWE can be used for evaluation of skin involvement in scleroderma patients with good correlations with the mRSS that was used in the current patients. Furthermore, SWE is a safe technique for either diagnosis or follow up.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Panaya Tumsatan
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen District, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
| | - Meenut Uscharapong
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen District, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Jiraporn Srinakarin
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen District, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Ratanavadee Nanagara
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen District, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Watcharee Khunkitti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yarovaya L, Waranuch N, Wisuitiprot W, Khunkitti W. Correlation Between Sensory and Instrumental Characterization of Developed Sunscreens Containing Grape Seed Extract and a Commercial Product. Int J Cosmet Sci 2022; 44:569-587. [DOI: 10.1111/ics.12807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liudmila Yarovaya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Khon Kaen University Khon Kaen Thailand
| | - Neti Waranuch
- Cosmetics and Natural Products Research Center, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Naresuan University Phitsanulok Thailand
| | - Wudtichai Wisuitiprot
- Cosmetics and Natural Products Research Center, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Naresuan University Phitsanulok Thailand
| | - Watcharee Khunkitti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Khon Kaen University Khon Kaen Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yarovaya L, Waranuch N, Wisuitiprot W, Khunkitti W. Clinical study of Asian skin changes after application of a sunscreen formulation containing grape seed extract. J Cosmet Dermatol 2022; 21:4523-4535. [DOI: 10.1111/jocd.14982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liudmila Yarovaya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Khon Kaen University Khon Kaen 40002 Thailand
| | - Neti Waranuch
- Cosmetics and Natural Products Research Center Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Naresuan University Phitsanulok 65000 Thailand
| | - Wudtichai Wisuitiprot
- Cosmetics and Natural Products Research Center Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Naresuan University Phitsanulok 65000 Thailand
| | - Watcharee Khunkitti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Khon Kaen University Khon Kaen 40002 Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chuerduangphui J, Nukpook T, Pientong C, Aromdee C, Suebsasana S, Khunkitti W, So-in C, Proyrungroj K, Ekalaksananan T. Activity of 3,19-isopropylidinyl andrographolide against herpes simplex virus type 1 in an animal model. Antivir Chem Chemother 2022; 30:20402066221089724. [PMID: 35379009 PMCID: PMC8988668 DOI: 10.1177/20402066221089724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In our previous study, the semi-synthetic analog of andrographolide, 3,19-isopropylideneandrographolide (IPAD), acts more effectively against herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection in cell culture than does acyclovir. IPAD inhibits cytopathic effect and production of HSV wild types and drug-resistant strains. Its effect is associated with the reduction of immediate-early regulatory protein (ICP27) and early proteins (ICP8 and UL42), indicating a mode of action different from that of acyclovir. Therefore, studies of the anti-HSV activity of IPAD in animal models are required before further application. Material & Method Prednisolone-treated BALB/c mice were cutaneously infected with HSV-1 wild-type KOS strain. Experimental groups included control groups (untreated or treated only with the cream base) and treatment groups (with acyclovir or IPAD creams). Creams were applied four times daily for 10 days after infection to the relevant groups. The skin lesion score was assessed twice a day for 10 days. In addition, the effect of IPAD on HSV copy number and HSV late gene (gD) expression was investigated in skin lesion cells by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Result IPAD cream was significantly effective in delaying the development of skin lesions and regression of the skin lesion score by day 5 (P < 0.01) compared with untreated controls. In addition, this IPAD cream significantly reduced HSV DNA copy number and gD gene expression (P < 0.01). No signs of irritation were observed at the application site. Conclusion Topical administration of IPAD cream reduced skin lesions in mice cutaneously infected with HSV-1 KOS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jureeporn Chuerduangphui
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
- HPV & EBV and carcinogenesis Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Thawaree Nukpook
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- HPV & EBV and carcinogenesis Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Chamsai Pientong
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- HPV & EBV and carcinogenesis Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Chantana Aromdee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | | | - Watcharee Khunkitti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Charinya So-in
- HPV & EBV and carcinogenesis Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Department of Animal Health Science, Faculty of Agro-Industrial Technology, Kalasin University, Kalasin, Thailand
| | - Kanisara Proyrungroj
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- HPV & EBV and carcinogenesis Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Tipaya Ekalaksananan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- HPV & EBV and carcinogenesis Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yarovaya L, Waranuch N, Wisuitiprot W, Khunkitti W. Effect of grape seed extract on skin fibroblasts exposed to UVA light and its photostability in sunscreen formulation. J Cosmet Dermatol 2020; 20:1271-1282. [PMID: 32892461 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.13711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Grape seed extract (GSE) is rich in polyphenolic compounds, particularly (+)-catechin (C) and (-)-epicatechin (EC). Strong antioxidant activity of these compounds makes GSE to be value-added to the cosmetics with anti-aging properties. However, a lack of stability in different environmental conditions makes GSE challenging for the development of photostable cosmetic sunscreen products. AIMS To evaluate photoprotective effects of GSE on human dermal fibroblasts irradiated with UVA light and assess photostability of catechins in cream formulations containing GSE alone or in combination with octyl methoxycinnamate (OMC). METHODS MTT assay was used to assess protective effects of GSE on fibroblasts irradiated with UVA light. A photostability of C and EC in GSE and in cream formulation containing GSE was investigated using high-performance liquid chromatography and confirmed by reflection and transmission spectrophotometry using Transpore™ tapes and polymethacrylate (PMMA) plates as substrates. RESULTS High UVA doses damaged fibroblast structure and inhibited their growth. However, GSE increased cell viability and effectively protected them from UVA damage. Photostability of C and EC was achieved by combination of GSE and OMC that also improved absorption capacity of UV filter and increased overall efficacy of formulation. PMMA plates showed better applicability for in vitro photostability testing of sunscreen formulations. However, despite the instability of Transpore® tape under heat from UV exposure, it can still be economically a substrate of alternative choice for screening. CONCLUSIONS GSE can be used as an effective and sustainable natural resource for prevention of UV-induced skin damage providing long-term protection against premature skin aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liudmila Yarovaya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Neti Waranuch
- Cosmetics and Natural Products Research Center, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Wudtichai Wisuitiprot
- Cosmetics and Natural Products Research Center, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Watcharee Khunkitti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Biofilm Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Khlibsuwan R, Khunkitti W, Pongjanyakul T. Alginate-poloxamer beads for clotrimazole delivery: Molecular interactions, mechanical properties, and anticandidal activity. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 148:1061-1071. [PMID: 31982519 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.01.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Calcium alginate (CA) beads loaded with clotrimazole (CZ) were modified by adding poloxamer (PLX) in this study. Blends of PLX188 or PLX407 into sodium alginate (SA) dispersions caused a decrease in the SA zeta potential and led to viscosity synergism. SA with carboxyl and hydroxyl groups can interact with the hydroxyl groups of PLX via hydrogen bonding. A stronger interaction of SA with PLX407 was found when compared to the interaction between SA and PLX188. The PLX-CA beads gave a higher CZ entrapment efficiency than the CA beads. The highest PLX content used created an amorphous form of CZ in the beads because of the CZ solubilization by the PLX micelles. The addition of 0.5 or 1% w/v PLX can strengthen the CZ-loaded CA beads. Furthermore, the PLX-CA beads display a lower water uptake than the CA beads. PLX micellization can enhance CZ release and enhance the efficacy of CZ against Candida albicans. This study indicates that the molecular interaction of SA with PLX and the PLX micellization of CZ can improve the characteristics of CZ-loaded CA beads, which offer good potential for use as drug delivery systems or drug reservoirs in tablets for oral candidiasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rapee Khlibsuwan
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Watcharee Khunkitti
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Biomaterials for Pharmaceutical Formulation and Drug Delivery, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Biofilm Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Thaned Pongjanyakul
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Biomaterials for Pharmaceutical Formulation and Drug Delivery, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Poomanee W, Chaiyana W, Mueller M, Viernstein H, Khunkitti W, Leelapornpisid P. In-vitro investigation of anti-acne properties of Mangifera indica L. kernel extract and its mechanism of action against Propionibacterium acnes. Anaerobe 2018; 52:64-74. [PMID: 29906773 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Propionibacterium acnes has been recognized as a main target for medical treatment of acne since this bacterium promotes acne inflammation by inducing upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines production, resulting in an accumulation of neutrophils and oxygen-free radicals produced by neutrophils within acne lesion. The aims of this study were to evaluate the biological activities of Mangifera indica kernel extracts grown in Northern Thailand (Kaew-Moragot cultivar), related to anti-acne properties including antimicrobial effect against acne-inducing bacteria together with the first elucidation of the mechanism of action against Propionibacterium acnes, anti-oxidation, and anti-inflammation. The kernels of M. indica, obtained from raw and ripe fruits, were macerated using various solvents. Agar diffusion and broth microdilution methods were performed to investigate the antibacterial activities of the extracts against P. acnes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis. The ethanolic fractions exhibited the strongest antimicrobial effect against P. acnes with minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration of 1.56 mg/mL and 12.50 mg/mL, respectively. Bactericidal effect against P. acnes of these extracts could be observed after 3 h of incubation from time-kill curve. The chromatograms of high-performance liquid chromatography showed that the extracts existed gallic acid with high total phenolic content. These extracts additionally showed strong free radical scavenging properties on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) as well as a notable inhibitory effect on linoleic acid peroxidation, which highly correlated to their antimicrobial effect, total phenolic, and gallic acid contents. The images, studied through using transmission electron microscopy, revealed that the extract certainly disrupted P. acnes cell membrane after exposure for 1 h as well as induced the consequent leakage of cytoplasmic materials. The inhibitory effects of the extracts on IL-8 secretion from LPS-inducing RAW 264.7 cells were also presented. In conclusion, the kernel extracts of raw M. indica fruit were effective against aerobic and anaerobic acne-inducing bacteria particularly P. acnes and exerted antioxidant along with anti-inflammatory activities. Therefore, the extracts might be potential agents for inflammatory acne treatment. However, clinical study is needed for further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Worrapan Poomanee
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
| | - Wantida Chaiyana
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
| | - Monika Mueller
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Helmut Viernstein
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Watcharee Khunkitti
- The Biofilm Research Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
| | - Pimporn Leelapornpisid
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Khlibsuwan R, Khunkitti W, Pongjanyakul T. Alginate-caseinate composites: Molecular interactions and characterization of cross-linked beads for the delivery of anticandidals. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 115:483-493. [PMID: 29679671 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.04.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Polysaccharide-protein composites offer potential utility for the delivery of drugs. The objectives of this work were to investigate the molecular interactions between sodium alginate (SA) and sodium caseinate (SC) in dispersions and films and to characterize calcium alginate (CA) beads mixed with SC for the delivery of fluconazole (FZ) and clotrimazole (CZ). The results demonstrated that SA could interact with SC, which caused a viscosity synergism in the dispersions. Hydrogen bonding between the carboxyl or hydroxyl groups of SA and the amide groups of SC led to the formation of soluble complexes that could reinforce the CA beads prepared by calcium cross-linking. The SC-CA beads provided higher drug entrapment efficiency, lower water uptake and erosion, and slower drug release than for the CA beads. The loaded FZ was an amorphous form, but CZ crystals were embedded in the bead matrix due to the low water solubility of this drug. However, SC micellization could enhance the water solubility and efficacy of CZ against Candida albicans. This finding indicates that SA can interact with SC via hydrogen bonding to form complexes and that the anticandidal-loaded SC-CA beads can be used as drug delivery systems and drug reservoirs in tablets for oral candidiasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rapee Khlibsuwan
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Watcharee Khunkitti
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Thaned Pongjanyakul
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lueangsakulthai J, Phosri S, Theansungnoen T, Jangpromma N, Temsiripong T, Mckendrick JE, Khunkitti W, Klaynongsruang S. Novel antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory peptides from the Siamese crocodile (
Crocodylus siamensis
) hemoglobin hydrolysate. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2017; 65:455-466. [DOI: 10.1002/bab.1628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiraporn Lueangsakulthai
- Protein and Proteomics Research Center for Commercial and Industrial Purposes (ProCCI), Faculty of ScienceKhon Kaen University Khon Kaen Thailand
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of ScienceKhon Kaen University Khon Kaen Thailand
| | - Santi Phosri
- Protein and Proteomics Research Center for Commercial and Industrial Purposes (ProCCI), Faculty of ScienceKhon Kaen University Khon Kaen Thailand
- Office of Education, Faculty of EngineeringBurapha University Chonburi Thailand
| | - Tinnakorn Theansungnoen
- Protein and Proteomics Research Center for Commercial and Industrial Purposes (ProCCI), Faculty of ScienceKhon Kaen University Khon Kaen Thailand
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of ScienceKhon Kaen University Khon Kaen Thailand
| | - Nisachon Jangpromma
- Protein and Proteomics Research Center for Commercial and Industrial Purposes (ProCCI), Faculty of ScienceKhon Kaen University Khon Kaen Thailand
- Office of the Dean, Faculty of ScienceKhon Kaen University Khon Kaen Thailand
| | | | | | - Watcharee Khunkitti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical ScienceKhon Kaen University Khon Kaen Thailand
| | - Sompong Klaynongsruang
- Protein and Proteomics Research Center for Commercial and Industrial Purposes (ProCCI), Faculty of ScienceKhon Kaen University Khon Kaen Thailand
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of ScienceKhon Kaen University Khon Kaen Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lueangsakulthai J, Jangpromma N, Temsiripong T, McKendrick J, Khunkitti W, Maddocks S, Klaynongsruang S. A novel antibacterial peptide derived fromCrocodylus siamensishaemoglobin hydrolysate induces membrane permeabilization causing iron dysregulation, oxidative stress and bacterial death. J Appl Microbiol 2017; 123:819-831. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.13539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Lueangsakulthai
- Protein and Proteomics Research Center for Commercial and Industrial Purposes (ProCCI); Faculty of Science; Khon Kaen University; Khon Kaen Thailand
- Department of Biochemistry; Faculty of Science; Khon Kaen University; Khon Kaen Thailand
| | - N. Jangpromma
- Protein and Proteomics Research Center for Commercial and Industrial Purposes (ProCCI); Faculty of Science; Khon Kaen University; Khon Kaen Thailand
- Office of the Dean; Faculty of Science; Khon Kaen University; Khon Kaen Thailand
| | | | - J.E. McKendrick
- Department of Chemistry; The University of Reading; Reading UK
| | - W. Khunkitti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science; Khon Kaen University; Khon Kaen Thailand
| | - S.E. Maddocks
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; Cardiff School of Health Science; Cardiff Metropolitan University; Cardiff UK
| | - S. Klaynongsruang
- Protein and Proteomics Research Center for Commercial and Industrial Purposes (ProCCI); Faculty of Science; Khon Kaen University; Khon Kaen Thailand
- Department of Biochemistry; Faculty of Science; Khon Kaen University; Khon Kaen Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ruangcharoen S, Suwannarong W, Lachica MRCT, Bolscher JGM, Nazmi K, Khunkitti W, Taweechaisupapong S. Killing activity of LFchimera on periodontopathic bacteria and multispecies oral biofilm formation in vitro. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 33:167. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-017-2334-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
13
|
Satthanakul P, Taweechaisupapong S, Paphangkorakit J, Pesee M, Timabut P, Khunkitti W. Antimicrobial effect of lemongrass oil against oral malodour micro-organisms and the pilot study of safety and efficacy of lemongrass mouthrinse on oral malodour. J Appl Microbiol 2014; 118:11-7. [PMID: 25327222 DOI: 10.1111/jam.12667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2014] [Revised: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Lemongrass oil (LG) has been reported as being effective against bacteria embedded within the biofilm. The aims of this study were to investigate antimicrobial activity against common odourigenic micro-organisms, the safety and efficacy of LG mouthrinse on oral malodour in healthy volunteers. METHODS AND RESULTS Antimicrobial activity of LG mouthrinse was examined against common odourigenic micro-organisms using broth microdilution assay and the disc diffusion method. A randomised double-blind clinical study was performed in 20 healthy volunteers. Volatile sulphur compounds (VSCs) level was measured using a Halimeter on day 0 and day 8 in each volunteer. The results showed that LG mouthrinse was effective against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans ATCC43718 and Porphyromonas gingivalis W50 but less effective against Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175. In addition, the mouthrinse significantly reduced VSCs on day 8. CONCLUSIONS LG mouthrinse was able to reduce oral malodour and appeared to be safe. The overall satisfaction of the mouthrinse was acceptable. However, the spiciness and taste of the mouthrinse need to be improved. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study demonstrated that the LG mouthrinse significantly reduced oral malodour. This mouthrinse would be another alternative mouthrinse choice for prevention of malodour, plaque and gingivitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Satthanakul
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Khunkitti W, Satthanakul P, Waranuch N, Pitaksuteepong T, Kitikhun P. Method for screening sunscreen cream formulations by determination of in vitro SPF and PA values using UV transmission spectroscopy and texture profile analysis. J Cosmet Sci 2014; 65:147-159. [PMID: 25043486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Formulation of sunscreen products to obtain high values of sun protection factor (SPF) and protection from ultraviolet A (PA) is challenging work for cosmetic chemists. This study aimed to study factors affecting SPF and PA values using ultraviolet transmission spectroscopy as well as texture profiles of sunscreen formulations using 23 factorial designs. Results demonstrate that the correlation coefficient between the labeled SPF values of counter-brand sunscreen products and the in vitro SPF values was 0.901. In vitro SPF determination showed that the combination effect of phase volume ratio (PVR) and xanthan gum caused a significant increase to the SPF values of the formulations, whereas the interaction effect between PVR and stearic acid significantly decreased the SPF value. In addition, there was the interaction effect between xanthan gum and stearic acid leading to significant reduction of hardness, compressibility, and pH, but significantly increasing the adhesiveness. All tested factors did not significantly affect the cohesiveness of tested formulations. In conclusion, apart from sunscreen agents, the other ingredients also affected the SPF and PA values. The calculated SPF values range from 21 to 60. However, a selected formulation needs to be confirmed by the standard method of testing. In addition, the physical, chemical, and biological stability; shelf life; and sensory evaluation of all formulations need to be evaluated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Watcharee Khunkitti
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand (W.E., P.S.), and Cosmetics and Natural Products Research Center, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000 (N.W., T.P., P.K.), Thailand
| | - Panitta Satthanakul
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand (W.E., P.S.), and Cosmetics and Natural Products Research Center, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000 (N.W., T.P., P.K.), Thailand
| | - Neti Waranuch
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand (W.E., P.S.), and Cosmetics and Natural Products Research Center, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000 (N.W., T.P., P.K.), Thailand
| | - Tasana Pitaksuteepong
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand (W.E., P.S.), and Cosmetics and Natural Products Research Center, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000 (N.W., T.P., P.K.), Thailand
| | - Pichet Kitikhun
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand (W.E., P.S.), and Cosmetics and Natural Products Research Center, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000 (N.W., T.P., P.K.), Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Aromdee C, Sriubolmas N, Wiyakrutta S, Suebsasna S, Khunkitti W. Effect of the derivatives of andrographolide on the morphology of Bacillus subtilis. Arch Pharm Res 2011; 34:71-7. [PMID: 21468917 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-011-0108-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2009] [Revised: 12/30/2009] [Accepted: 07/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Andrographis paniculata has been reported to have antiviral, antipyretic and anticancer activities. Andrographolide, an ent-labdane diterpene, is an active constituent in this plant. In this study, andrographolide (1) and its natural derivative 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide (2) and 5 other semisynthetic derivatives were tested for their activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and Candida albicans. Only derivatives bearing a 14-acetyl group showed activity, and this activity was only against Gram-positive bacteria. 14-Acetylandrographolide showed the highest potency against Bacillus subtilis; the other 14-acetylandrographolides with additional substitution at the 3- and 19-hydroxyl groups showed lower activity against Gram-positive bacteria. The morphology of B. subtilis after being treated with 14-acetylandrographolide was investigated with TEM. This is the first report on 14-acetylandrographolide's quantified antibacterial activity, and the crucial functional group of this ent-labdane that plays an important role in perturbing the morphogenesis of B. subtilis leading to cell death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chantana Aromdee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Thailand.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Aiemsaard J, Aiumlamai S, Aromdee C, Taweechaisupapong S, Khunkitti W. The effect of lemongrass oil and its major components on clinical isolate mastitis pathogens and their mechanisms of action on Staphylococcus aureus DMST 4745. Res Vet Sci 2011; 91:e31-7. [PMID: 21316719 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2011.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2010] [Revised: 01/10/2011] [Accepted: 01/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to investigate the antibacterial activity of lemongrass oil (LG) and its major components which were citral, geraniol and myrcene, against four strains of clinically isolated bovine mastitis pathogens, including Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Bacillus cereus and Escherichia coli by the broth microdilution method, as well as their activity on S. aureus biofilm formation. Attempts to clarify their mechanisms of action by investigation of the effects on intracellular material leakage and morphological changes of S. aureus DMST 4745 were also made. The results demonstrate that S. agalactiae and B. cereus are more susceptible to LG, citral and geraniol than S. aureus and E. coli. Moreover, they also inhibit S. aureus biofilm formation and exhibit effective killing activities on preformed biofilms. The LG appears to have multiple targets in the bacterial cell, depending on concentration used as well as the amount of its components.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jareerat Aiemsaard
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lertsatitthanakorn P, Taweechaisupapong S, Arunyanart C, Aromdee C, Khunkitti W. Effect of Citronella Oil on Time Kill Profile, Leakage and Morphological Changes ofPropionibacterium acnes. Journal of Essential Oil Research 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2010.9700322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
18
|
Taweechaisupapong S, Singhara S, Lertsatitthanakorn P, Khunkitti W. Antimicrobial effects of Boesenbergia pandurata and Piper sarmentosum leaf extracts on planktonic cells and biofilm of oral pathogens. Pak J Pharm Sci 2010; 23:224-231. [PMID: 20363704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Increasing awareness of hazards associated with the use of antibiotic and chemical agents has accelerated investigations into plants and their extracts as new sources of antimicrobial agents. Therefore, this study aimed at determining the effects of oil and 95% ethanol extracts of Boesenbergia pandurata rhizomes and Piper sarmentosum leaf against four oral pathogens which were Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus sp., Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Candida albicans. Employing the disc diffusion and broth microdilution methods, the results showed that B. pandurata oil (BPO) was the most effective extract against C. albicans. Time-kill assay with the BPO demonstrated killing of C. albicans at concentrations equal to 2 and 2.5 times the MIC. The times required to reach the fungicidal endpoint at 2 and 2.5 times the MIC were 60 and 44 min, respectively. In addition, our results also demonstrated that the BPO possesses potent anti-Candida biofilm activity in vitro. Therefore, the BPO could be considered as a natural antifungal agent against Candida infections and has significant potential for further investigation.
Collapse
|
19
|
Trakranrungsie N, Chatchawanchonteera A, Khunkitti W. Ethnoveterinary study for antidermatophytic activity of Piper betle, Alpinia galanga and Allium ascalonicum extracts in vitro. Res Vet Sci 2008; 84:80-4. [PMID: 17482221 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2007.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2006] [Revised: 02/26/2007] [Accepted: 03/13/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Crude ethanolic extracts of Piper betle leaves (Piperaceae), Alpinia galanga rhizomes (Zingiberaceae) and Allium ascalonicum bulbs (Liliaceae) were tested against selected zoonotic dermatophytes (Microsporum canis, Microsporum gypseum and Trichophyton mentagrophyte) and the yeast-like Candida albicans. A broth dilution method was employed to determine the inhibitory effect of the extracts and compared to those of ketoconazole and griseofulvin. All extracts suppressed the growth of the fungi in a concentration-dependent manner. Among the extracts tested, P. betle exhibited more effective antifungal properties with average IC(50) values ranging from 110.44 to 119.00 microg/ml. Subsequently, 10% Piper betle (Pb) cream was formulated, subjected to physical and microbial limit test and evaluated for antifungal effect. The disc diffusion assay revealed comparable zones of inhibition between discs of Pb cream containing 80 microg P. betle extract and 80 microg ketoconazole against tested fungi at 96 h after incubation. Thereafter, the inhibitory effect of Pb cream markedly decreased and completely lost effectiveness by day 7. In summary, the results supported the traditional wisdom of herbal remedy use and suggested a potential value-addition to agricultural products. It was suggested that the Pb cream has potential therapeutic value for treatment of dermatophytosis. However, clinical testing as well as improving the Pb cream formulation with greater efficacy and duration of action would be of interest and awaits further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Trakranrungsie
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University-Salaya, Nakhonpathom 73170, Thailand.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Taweechaisupapong S, Pesee M, Aromdee C, Laopaiboon M, Khunkitti W. Efficacy of pilocarpine lozenge for post-radiation xerostomia in patients with head and neck cancer. Aust Dent J 2006; 51:333-7. [PMID: 17256309 DOI: 10.1111/j.1834-7819.2006.tb00453.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with radiation-induced xerostomia produce little or no saliva. Several studies have demonstrated the efficacy of systemic administration of pilocarpine hydrochloride in individuals with post-radiation xerostomia. However, analysis of pilocarpine lozenges for treatment of post-radiation xerostomia in patients with head and neck cancer has not been reported. METHODS The aim of this study was to quantify improvement in clinical symptoms and salivary function after treatment of post-radiation xerostomia with pilocarpine lozenges. In a double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial, 33 head and neck cancer patients were assigned randomly to receive Salagen tablet, pilocarpine hydrochloride lozenge (3 or 5 mg) or placebo lozenge every 10 days. At each visit, a subjective evaluation was undertaken through the use of visual analog scales before and at 180 minutes after treatment. Whole resting saliva was collected before and at 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 minutes after treatment. RESULTS The percentage of patients with decreased feeling of oral dryness, sore mouth or speaking difficulties after taking 5-mg pilocarpine lozenge was greater than Salagen or placebo. There were statistically significant increases in salivary production in pilocarpine treatment groups vs. placebo (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The 5-mg pilocarpine lozenge produced the best clinical results, but further investigation with a larger group of patients is required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Taweechaisupapong
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kukhetpitakwong R, Hahnvajanawong C, Homchampa P, Leelavatcharamas V, Satra J, Khunkitti W. Aspirin modified dendritic cells are potent inducers of allo-specific regulatory T-cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2006; 6:1729-35. [PMID: 16979128 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2006.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2006] [Accepted: 07/11/2006] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Pods of Acacia concinna (Leguminosae) contain several saponins. In this study, four saponin fractions which were acetone fraction (AAC), aqueous fraction (WAC), hydromethanolic fraction (HAC) and methanolic fraction (MAC) were generated and their haemolytic activities and surface activities were determined in comparison with quillaja saponin (QS). There were no significant differences between the haemolytic activities of MAC and QS. However, the surface tensions of MAC was significantly lower than QS (p < 0.001). Furthermore, the immunomodulatory effect and the adjuvant potential of MAC on the cellular and humoral immune response of BALB/c mice against ovalbumin were investigated. The splenocyte proliferations induced by MAC were significantly higher than QS at the concentrations of 200, 400, 800 and 1000 microg/ml (p < 0.05). BALB/c mice were immunized subcutaneously either with OVA 20 microg alone or with OVA 20 microg combining with QS (10 microg) or MAC (10 and 40 microg). Ten days after the second immunization, concanavalin A (Con A)-, pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-, and OVA-stimulated splenocyte proliferation and OVA-specific antibodies in serum were measured. The results suggested that MAC (40 microg) could activate T and B cells. In addition, OVA-specific IgG, IgG1 IgG2a and IgG2b antibody levels in serum were significantly enhanced by MAC (40 microg) as compared with OVA control group (p < 0.001). This finding suggested that MAC might be effect on Th1 and Th2 helper T cells. In conclusion, the results indicated that MAC at a dose of 40 microg could be used as vaccine adjuvant to increase immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ratiya Kukhetpitakwong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kukhetpitakwong R, Hahnvajanawong C, Homchampa P, Leelavatcharamas V, Satra J, Khunkitti W. Immunological adjuvant activities of saponin extracts from the pods of Acacia concinna. Int Immunopharmacol 2006. [PMID: 16979128 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2006.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Pods of Acacia concinna (Leguminosae) contain several saponins. In this study, four saponin fractions which were acetone fraction (AAC), aqueous fraction (WAC), hydromethanolic fraction (HAC) and methanolic fraction (MAC) were generated and their haemolytic activities and surface activities were determined in comparison with quillaja saponin (QS). There were no significant differences between the haemolytic activities of MAC and QS. However, the surface tensions of MAC was significantly lower than QS (p < 0.001). Furthermore, the immunomodulatory effect and the adjuvant potential of MAC on the cellular and humoral immune response of BALB/c mice against ovalbumin were investigated. The splenocyte proliferations induced by MAC were significantly higher than QS at the concentrations of 200, 400, 800 and 1000 microg/ml (p < 0.05). BALB/c mice were immunized subcutaneously either with OVA 20 microg alone or with OVA 20 microg combining with QS (10 microg) or MAC (10 and 40 microg). Ten days after the second immunization, concanavalin A (Con A)-, pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-, and OVA-stimulated splenocyte proliferation and OVA-specific antibodies in serum were measured. The results suggested that MAC (40 microg) could activate T and B cells. In addition, OVA-specific IgG, IgG1 IgG2a and IgG2b antibody levels in serum were significantly enhanced by MAC (40 microg) as compared with OVA control group (p < 0.001). This finding suggested that MAC might be effect on Th1 and Th2 helper T cells. In conclusion, the results indicated that MAC at a dose of 40 microg could be used as vaccine adjuvant to increase immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ratiya Kukhetpitakwong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Boonmars T, Khunkitti W, Sithithaworn P, Fujimaki Y. In vitro antiparasitic activity of extracts of Cardiospermum halicacabum against third-stage larvae of Strongyloides stercoralis. Parasitol Res 2005; 97:417-9. [PMID: 16151739 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-005-1470-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2005] [Accepted: 07/05/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Extracts of Cardiospermum halicacabum, medicinal plant, were tested in vitro for their effectiveness against third-stage larvae of Strongyloidesstercoralis. Third-stage larvae of S. stercoralis were isolated from cultures of dog's feces using agar plate culture method. The larvae (1,000 larvae/ml), suspended in phosphate buffer saline solution, pH 7.4, were exposed to aqueous and alcohol extracts (2,000 microg/ml) of C. halicacabum at 37 degrees C with 5% CO2. Ivermectin (250 microg/ml) and piperazine (2,000 microg/ml) were also used as the reference drugs. The survival of Strongyloides larvae based on its motility was determined daily for 7 days. Strongyloides larvae were viable after contact with ivermectin, piperazine and C. halicacabum (aqueous and alcohol) solutions, but most of them were immobilized, after exposure to aqueous and alcohol extracts of C. halicacabum within 72 and 48 h, respectively, while ivermectin took from 72 to 144 h, and piperazine more than 7 days, to achieve the same rate of nonmotility. Clearly, the viability of S. stercoralis larvae was significantly reduced when exposed to extracts of C. halicacabum. Further study is needed on the antiparasitic activity of aqueous and alcohol extracts of C. halicacabum against S. stercoralis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Boonmars
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
Trophozoites and cysts of Acanthamoeba castellanii were exposed to chlorhexidine diacetate (CHA) and polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB); changes in cell ultrastructure and surface structure were examined by both transmission and scanning electron microscopy. PHMB caused a greater degree of structural and membrane damage; the cytoplasmic contents were severely depleted and there were clusters of densely stained precipitates on the cell surface. Concentrations of CHA greater than 100 microg ml(-1) produced shrinkage from the cyst wall. At high concentrations, PHMB induced a slight withdrawal of the cytoplasm from the wall and, unlike CHA, induced swelling of the cysts. These findings do not define the mechanisms of action of CHA and PHMB, but provide evidence that a major target site for both agents is the plasma membrane. However, additional intracellular damage undoubtedly contributes to the lethal effects. The greater resistance of cysts may be associated with reduced biguanide uptake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Khunkitti
- Welsh School of Pharmacy, School of Molecular and Medical Biosciences, University of Wales Cardiff, Cardiff, UK
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
Since the early 1960s, axenic culture and the development of procedures for the induction of encystation have made Acanthamoeba spp. superb experimental systems for studies of cell biology and differentiation. More recently, since their roles as human pathogens causing keratitis and encephalitis have become widely recognized, it has become urgent to understand the parameters that determine differentiation, as cysts are much more resistant to biocides than are the trophozoites. Viability of trophozoites of the soil amoeba Acanthamoeba castellanii (Neff), is conveniently measured by its ability to form plaques on a lawn of Escherichia coli. Use of confocal laser scanning microscopy with Calcofluor white, Congo Red or the anionic oxonol dye, DiBAC4(3) or flow cytometry with propidium iodide diacetate and fluorescein or oxonol provides more rapid assessment. For cysts, the plaque method is still the best, because dye exclusion does not necessarily indicate viability and therefore the plate count method has been used to study the sequence of development of biocide resistance during the differentiation process. After two hours, resistance to HCl was apparent. Polyhexamethylene biguanide, benzalkonium chloride, propamidine isethionate, pentamidine isethionate, dibromopropamine isethionate, and H2O2 and moist heat, all lost effectiveness at between 14 and 24 h after trophozoites were inoculated into encystation media. Chlorhexidine diacetate resistance was observed at between 24 and 36 h. The molecular biology and biochemistry of the modifications that underlie these changes are now being investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Lloyd
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Wales, United Kingdom.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
The in vitro effects of ethanol and aqueous extracts of the medicinal plant Cardiospermum halicacabum on adult worms and microfilariae of Brugia pahangi were investigated. With or without the plant extracts in culture medium, the motility of adult worms, microfilariae and microfilarial release from female worms were monitored daily. After 7 days of culture, viability or tissue damage of adult worms was assessed using the MTT assay. At > 500 microg ml-1, the aqueous extract significantly reduced motility of adult females after 24 h of exposure and adult males after 3 days. The aqueous extract, at > 500 microg ml-1, also significantly reduced microfilarial release from female worms, starting on day 2. The reduction in the motility of adult worms and the pattern of microfilarial release from female worms were concentration and time dependent. The MTT assay results revealed that adult worms cultured in the presence of aqueous extracts at > 500 microg ml-1 were damaged. However, the aqueous extract did not affect the motility of microfilariae with the exception of those in higher concentration extracts. Higher concentrations of ethanol extracts (2 mg ml-1) inhibited both the motility of adult worms and the release of microfilariae from females. Little effect of ethanol extracts was detected by the MTT assay, as only slight damage was caused to worms exposed only to the highest concentration (2 mg ml-1). However, ethanol extract at 500 microg ml-1 rapidly reduced the motility of microfilariae on day 2. The present study revealed that an aqueous extract of C. halicacabum has mild but definite direct macrofilaricidal action on B. pahangi.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Khunkitti
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Khunkitti W, Hann AC, Lloyd D, Furr JR, Russell AD. X-ray microanalysis of chlorine and phosphorus content in biguanide-treated Acanthamoeba castellanii. J Appl Microbiol 1999; 86:453-9. [PMID: 10196750 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2672.1999.00683.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Energy dispersive analysis of X-rays (EDAX) was used to study the effects of chlorhexidine diacetate (CHA) and polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) on Acanthamoeba castellanii. A high variation of elements occurred in untreated individual cells and only two elements, Cl (a biocide marker) and P, were investigated. X-ray dot mapping of untreated trophozoites and cysts revealed that Cl in cells was uniformly distributed throughout the cytoplasm, whereas P was less dense in the vacuoles. X-ray dots of Cl in biocide-treated trophozoites and cysts appeared denser and evenly distributed within the cells as the biguanide concentration increased. Quantitative analysis of either CHA or PHMB within the cells using Cl as an elemental marker was unsatisfactory because of the high Cl levels in untreated cells. The apparent increases of P in some experiments with treated cells might be associated with reduced permeability, protein coagulation or aggregation of phospholipids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Khunkitti
- Welsh School of Pharmacy, Cardiff University, UK
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
Stages in the encystment and excystment processes of Acanthamoeba castellanii have been studied. The kinetics of encystment involved measurements of the three phases (pre-encystment, cyst initiation and cyst wall synthesis). Excystment, starting from a mature cyst, involved pre-emergence, penetration outwards of the cyst wall and free trophozoite. The sensitivity to biocides of trophozoites in the exponential growth phase, pre-encystment trophozoites, mature cysts and pre-excystment cysts has been investigated. Some differences in relative sensitivity to a bisbiguanide (chlorhexidine) and a polymeric biguanide (polyhexamethylene biguanide) were observed, but mature cysts were always the most resistant cellular form.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Khunkitti
- Welsh School of Pharmacy, University of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Khunkitti W, Avery SV, Lloyd D, Furr JR, Russell AD. Effects of biocides on Acanthamoeba castellanii as measured by flow cytometry and plaque assay. J Antimicrob Chemother 1997; 40:227-33. [PMID: 9301988 DOI: 10.1093/jac/40.2.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The lethal effects of various biocides, in particular two agents (chlorhexidine diacetate and polyhexamethylene biguanide) on cysts and trophozoites of Acanthamoeba castellanii have been measured by both plaque assay and flow cytometry (FCM). Minimum amoebicidal concentrations against trophozoites were generally the same by the two methods whereas minimum cysticidal concentrations were occasionally higher by FCM. Concentrations of biguanides required to produce an equal reduction in viability were also higher by FCM than by plaque assay.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Khunkitti
- Welsh School of Pharmacy, University of Wales Cardiff, UK
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
A non-radioactive method was used to investigate the uptake by Acanthamoeba castellanii of chlorhexidine diacetate (CHA) and polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMD). Based on the Giles et al. (1974) hypothesis, the uptake of CHA by trophozoites appeared to be of the L3 pattern whereas that of cysts was C2. Unlike CHA, trophozoites took up PHMB with an L2 pattern at low concentrations followed by a C-type pattern at higher concentrations, the uptake by cysts was found to be of the C2 pattern with a plateau effect at high concentrations. A diphasic leakage effect was found in trophozoites whereas a relatively low peak of maximal leakage occurred from cysts treated with high biocide concentrations. The amount of pentose release depended on the formulation ingredients. No correlation between pentose leakage and trophozoicidal or cysticidal activity was found.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Khunkitti
- Welsh School of Pharmacy and School of Pure and Applied Biology, University of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Abstract
The effects of a range of biocides on trophozoite and encysted forms of Acanthamoeba castellanii were investigated. Viable acanthamoebae were enumerated by a plaque assay technique. The cyst form of Acanthamoeba castellanii was more resistant to all biocides tested than the trophozoite form. Of the biocides tested, chlorhexidine diacetate (CHA) and polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) were the most effective. Their lethal effects were time- and concentration-dependent. CHA was very effective when formulated in 0.1% EDTA combined with Tris buffer pH 7.8 whereas PHMB activity was reduced by 0.1% EDTA. Three per cent dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) enhanced the activity of CHA but not of PHMB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Khunkitti
- Welsh School of Pharmacy, University of Wales College of Cardiff, UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|