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Knight MI, Linden N, Ponnampalam EN, Kerr MG, Brown WG, Hopkins DL, Baud S, Ball AJ, Borggaard C, Wesley I. Development of VISNIR predictive regression models for ultimate pH, meat tenderness (shear force) and intramuscular fat content of Australian lamb. Meat Sci 2019; 155:102-108. [PMID: 31102991 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2019.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effectiveness of visible-near-infrared (VISNIR) spectroscopy at classifying Australian lamb for: a) ultimate pH (pH 24), b) meat tenderness (i.e. shear force at day 5 of ageing, SF5) and c) intramuscular fat (IMF) content at 24 h post-slaughter using a custom-made handheld probe coupled with the ASD Labspec Pro instrument. VISNIR predictive regression models were developed. In the loin muscle (M. longissimus thoracis et lumborum), the models classified the predicted pH 24, SF5 and IMF content at above or below a threshold value with 94%, 98% and 88% accuracy, respectively. The observed difference between the actual and predicted value (i.e. the standard error of cross validation, SECV) for ultimate pH and IMF content are approaching accuracies required to attain highly reliable Meat Standards Australia grading standards. However, further development is required to improve the SECV for SF5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew I Knight
- Agriculture Victoria Research, Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and Resources, 915 Mount Napier Road, Hamilton, VIC 3300, Australia.
| | - Nick Linden
- Agriculture Victoria Research, Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and Resources, 124 Chiltern Valley Road, Rutherglen, VIC 3685, Australia
| | - Eric N Ponnampalam
- Agriculture Victoria Research, Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and Resources, 5 Ring Road, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Matthew G Kerr
- Agriculture Victoria Research, Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and Resources, 5 Ring Road, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Wayne G Brown
- Agriculture Victoria Research, Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and Resources, 5 Ring Road, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - David L Hopkins
- Centre for Red Meat and Sheep Development, NSW Department of Primary Industries, PO Box 129, Cowra, NSW 2794, Australia
| | - Stuart Baud
- Baud and Associates Pty. Ltd., Bairnsdale, VIC 3875, Australia
| | - Alex J Ball
- Rural Analytics, 19 Eleanor Close, Armidale, NSW 2350, Australia
| | - Claus Borggaard
- Danish Meat Research Institute, Gregersensvej 9, 2630 Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Ian Wesley
- Australian Export Grains Innovation Centre, PO Box 711, North Ryde BC, NSW 1670, Australia
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Nsubuga P, Brown WG, Groseclose SL, Ahadzie L, Talisuna AO, Mmbuji P, Tshimanga M, Midzi S, Wurapa F, Bazeyo W, Amri M, Trostle M, White M. Implementing Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response: Four African countries' experience, 1998-2005. Glob Public Health 2010; 5:364-80. [PMID: 19916090 DOI: 10.1080/17441690903334943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response (IDSR) strategy was developed by the Africa Regional Office (AFRO) of the World Health Organisation (WHO) and proposed for adoption by member states in 1998. The goal was to build WHO/AFRO countries' capacity to detect, report and effectively respond to priority infectious diseases. This evaluation focuses on the outcomes in four countries that implemented this strategy. Major successes included: integration of the surveillance function of most of the categorical disease control programmes; implementation of standard surveillance, laboratory and response guidelines; improved timeliness and completeness of surveillance data and increased national-level review and use of surveillance data for response. The most challenging aspects were: strengthening laboratory networks; providing regular feedback and supervision on surveillance and response activities; routine monitoring of IDSR activities and extending the strategy to sub-national levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Nsubuga
- Coordinating Office for Global Health, Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Piper MA, Lindenmayer JM, Lengerich EJ, Pass KA, Brown WG, Crowder WB, Khoury MJ, Baker TG, Lloyd-Puryear MA, Bryan JL. The role of state public health agencies in genetics and disease prevention: results of a national survey. Public Health Rep 2001. [PMID: 11571405 DOI: 10.1016/s0033-3549(04)50019-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The onset and severity of the clinical expression of most diseases that are of public health importance are influenced by genetic predisposition. The ability to assess human genetic predisposition for many diseases is increasing rapidly. Therefore, state public health agencies should be incorporating new developments in genetics and disease prevention into their core functions of assessment, policy development, and assurance. The authors assessed the status of this process. METHODS The Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists (CSTE) surveyed states about projects and concerns related to genetics and public health activities. Respondents were the Health Officer, the Maternal and Child Health/Genetics Program Director, the Chronic Disease Program Director, and the Laboratory Director. Where applicable, responses were categorized into assessment, policy development, and assurance functions. RESULTS Thirty-eight (76%) state health departments responded. Ongoing genetics activities were assurance (82%), assessment (17%), and policy development (2%). In contrast, Health Officers responded that future genetics activities would be distributed differently: assurance, 41%; assessment, 36%; and policy development, 23%. Future assurance activities would be largely educational. Topics of interest and recently initiated activities in genetics were primarily assessment functions. Funding was the greatest concern, followed by lack of proven disease prevention measures and outcomes data. CONCLUSIONS State health departments recognize a need to realign their activities to meet future developments in genetics. Lack of adequate resources, proven disease prevention measures, and outcomes data are potential barriers. Public health agencies need to develop a strategic plan to meet the opportunities associated with the development and implementation of genetic tests and procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Piper
- Technology Evaluation Center, Blue Cross and Blue Shield Association, Chicago, IL, USA
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4
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Piper MA, Lindenmayer JM, Lengerich EJ, Pass KA, Brown WG, Crowder WB, Khoury MJ, Baker TG, Lloyd-Puryear MA, Bryan JL. The role of state public health agencies in genetics and disease prevention: results of a national survey. Public Health Rep 2001; 116:22-31. [PMID: 11571405 PMCID: PMC1497286 DOI: 10.1093/phr/116.1.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The onset and severity of the clinical expression of most diseases that are of public health importance are influenced by genetic predisposition. The ability to assess human genetic predisposition for many diseases is increasing rapidly. Therefore, state public health agencies should be incorporating new developments in genetics and disease prevention into their core functions of assessment, policy development, and assurance. The authors assessed the status of this process. METHODS The Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists (CSTE) surveyed states about projects and concerns related to genetics and public health activities. Respondents were the Health Officer, the Maternal and Child Health/Genetics Program Director, the Chronic Disease Program Director, and the Laboratory Director. Where applicable, responses were categorized into assessment, policy development, and assurance functions. RESULTS Thirty-eight (76%) state health departments responded. Ongoing genetics activities were assurance (82%), assessment (17%), and policy development (2%). In contrast, Health Officers responded that future genetics activities would be distributed differently: assurance, 41%; assessment, 36%; and policy development, 23%. Future assurance activities would be largely educational. Topics of interest and recently initiated activities in genetics were primarily assessment functions. Funding was the greatest concern, followed by lack of proven disease prevention measures and outcomes data. CONCLUSIONS State health departments recognize a need to realign their activities to meet future developments in genetics. Lack of adequate resources, proven disease prevention measures, and outcomes data are potential barriers. Public health agencies need to develop a strategic plan to meet the opportunities associated with the development and implementation of genetic tests and procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Piper
- Technology Evaluation Center, Blue Cross and Blue Shield Association, Chicago, IL, USA
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5
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Herman SE, BootsMiller B, Jordan L, Mowbray CT, Brown WG, Deiz N, Bandla H, Solomon M, Green P. Immediate outcomes of substance use treatment within a state psychiatric hospital. J Ment Health Adm 1997; 24:126-38. [PMID: 9110517 DOI: 10.1007/bf02898508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Outcomes of an integrated inpatient treatment program for persons with serious mental illness and substance use disorders are examined in relationship to five stages of treatment--stabilization, engagement, persuasion/awareness, active treatment, and relapse prevention. The study used a randomized design with participants assigned to an integrated mental health and substance abuse treatment program or standard psychiatric hospital treatment. At discharge, participants in the integrated treatment program indicated more active engagement in treatment and greater awareness of mental health issues, substance use issues, and the 12-step program than those who received standard hospital treatment. Participants in the integrated treatment program also saw their treatment as being more effective and had more motivation to stay healthy and sober. The integrated treatment program was not equally effective at each treatment stage with all participants. The implications of the program's success overall and at each treatment stage are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Herman
- Services Research Unit, Michigan Department of Community Health, Lansing 48913, USA
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Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to study the effects of dietary protein levels and DE intake on N retention in pregnant gilts. Thirty-two gilts were used in Exp. 1 to investigate the response to eight levels of dietary CP ranging from 50 to 235 g/kg (3.3 to 14.5 lysine/kg). Gilts were given 1,400 g of feed daily throughout pregnancy; diets contained similar balances of amino acids and similar amounts of DE (3.60 to 3.63 Mcal/kg). Thirty gilts in Exp. 2 were allocated during pregnancy to six levels of feeding ranging from 1.1 to 3.1 kg/d. The common diet given to gilts contained 3.49 Mcal of DE/kg, 155 g of CP/kg, and 10.7 g of lysine/kg and was considered adequate in protein. Nitrogen balance trials were conducted during early, mid-, and late pregnancy and collection periods of 5 d duration commenced on d 30, 58, and 86 in Exp. 1 and d 30, 58, and 93 in Exp. 2. The average live weights of pigs on all treatments within each collection period were similar and were 112.5, 123.3, and 136.6 kg and 120.7, 136.3, and 158.3 kg in Exp. 1 and 2, respectively. At each stage of pregnancy increments of dietary protein increased N retention up to an inflection point, after which N retention remained at a constant level. The maximum rates of N retention, 10.0, 12.1, and 16.5 g/d during early, mid-, and late pregnancy, occurred at 142, 133, and 162 g of CP/kg, respectively; the corresponding dietary lysine:DE values were 2.4, 2.3, and 2.7 g of lysine/Mcal of DE.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- R H King
- Victorian Institute of Animal Science, Werribee, Australia
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Abstract
Thirty-six sows were used to study responses of milk production, milk composition, and N balance to six concentrations of dietary CP ranging from 63 to 238 g/kg (4.4 to 15.1 g of lysine/kg) during the first lactation. Sows, on average, were 149.3 kg live weight and had 26.1 mm of back fat at P1 (which is 45 mm from the midline at the level of the last rib) immediately after parturition. During lactation, all sows suckled nine pigs each and were offered up to 4,000 g of feed daily; diets contained similar balances of amino acids and similar amounts of DE (3.56 to 3.63 Mcal/kg). Nitrogen balance trials were conducted during early and late lactation and 5-d collection periods commenced on d 10 and 24 of lactation, respectively. During both periods of lactation, there were significant positive linear relationships between the level of dietary protein and milk yield and contents of fat and total solids in milk. Milk yield increased from 7.79 to 9.91 kg/d and from 7.02 to 8.90 kg/d, whereas total solids in milk increased from 199 to 225 g/kg and from 202 to 228 g/kg during early and late lactation, respectively, in response to increasing level of dietary protein from 63 to 238 g of CP/kg. A two-phase linear regression model used to describe the relationship between N balance and dietary CP level established that sows required a diet containing > or = 202 g of CP/kg or 12.8 g of lysine/kg to maximize N balances during both stages of lactation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- R H King
- Victorian Institute of Animal Science, Werribee, Australia
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Abstract
Primary cultures of human synovial cells shed infectious virus for 14 to 35 days following infection with isolates of Ross River virus which had been passaged in the C6/36 line of Aedes albopictus mosquito cells. No frank cytopathic effect was seen in infected synovial cells and they continued to replicate for the duration of the experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- S F Journeaux
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Herston, Brisbane, Australia
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Abstract
Administered 100 delinquent adolescent boys a battery of tests that measured intelligence, mental control, self-concept and physical fitness. The battery of tests was administered at the beginning and at the end of short-term institutional placement (M = 6 months) and again 1 to 2 years after release from the institution. Significant prediction of prosocial behavior in the year after institutionalization was achieved by using tests that reflected mental control and academic achievement. Background variables such as race, socioeconomic status, family status, and previous criminal charges were not related significantly to presence or absence of antisocial behavior during the year after institutionalization. Implications for management and treatment are discussed.
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Brown WG. Reticulate pigmented anomaly of the flexures. Case reports and genetic investigation. Arch Dermatol 1982; 118:490-3. [PMID: 7092275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Reticulate pigmented anomaly of the flexures is a pigmented macular disease characterized by punctate, hyperpigmented macules on the flexural areas. Histopathologic findings include acanthosis, keratinization of the follicular infundibulum, and filiform downgrowths of epidermal cells. Examination of a family has revealed the presence of the disease in six members. Analysis of these data suggests that reticulate pigmented anomaly of the flexures is an autosomal dominant genodermatosis with possibly variable penetrance, variable expressivity, and delayed onset.
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Barbee RA, Brown WG, Kaltenborn W, Halonen M. Allergen skin-test reactivity in a community population sample: correlation with age, histamine skin reactions and total serum immunoglobulin E. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1981; 68:15-9. [PMID: 7240595 DOI: 10.1016/0091-6749(81)90117-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Allergen skin reactivity to 14 common local antigens was studied in a community population sample. Differences in the prevalence of positive reactions were related to both the specific antigen itself and the age of the subjects. For most allergens, peak prevalence occurred in the 20- to 34-yr age group, falling thereafter with increasing age. The frequency distribution of reactions revealed a bimodal curve, peaks occurring among nonreactors and those with eight positive reactions out of the 14 tests that were applied. The major contributor to this age--skin test relationship was the level of total serum IgE that was highest in young people and decreased progressively with age. Histamine skin reactions, which were smallest in younger subjects compared with all three older age groups, also contributed to the age-related prevalence of allergen skin-test reactions.
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Raynor RH, Wray BB, Brown WG, Scott DF, Best GK. Neutrophil function studies in patients with elevated serum IgE levels and recurring Staphylococcus aureus infections. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 1980; 17:372-81. [PMID: 6253110 DOI: 10.1016/0090-1229(80)90109-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Brown WG, Halonen MJ, Kaltenborn WT, Barbee RA. The relationship of respiratory allergy, skin test reactivity, and serum IgE in a community population sample. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1979; 63:328-35. [PMID: 429712 DOI: 10.1016/0091-6749(79)90127-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Abstract
The use of bleomycin sulfate as an antineoplastic agent has been limited by its substantial pulmonary toxic effects. The exact incidence and prognosis of bleomycin-pneumonitis is unresolved. Although bleomycin pulmonary toxicity is thought to be dose-related, recent reports have emphasized severe reactions at low doses. Furthermore, severe pulmonary toxicity has been suggested to be progressive, irreversible, and ultimately, fatal. We report clinical, roentgenographic, and pathophysiologic recovery after severe, bleomycin-induced pneumonitis.
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Brown WG, Hart EJ. The oxygen atom: a primary species in irradiated water. Radiat Res 1972; 51:249-53. [PMID: 5050460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Brown WG, Van Santen E. Carcinoma in situ in adenomatous polyps of vermiform appendix. Tex Med 1970; 66:52-3. [PMID: 5434991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Brown WG, Owens JB, Berson AW, Henry SK. Vanilmandelic acid screening test for pheochromocytoma and neuroblastoma. Am J Clin Pathol 1966; 46:599-602. [PMID: 5926698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
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Owens JB, Miller AP, Brown WG, Stool JA. A rapid micro-technic for hemoglobin electrophoresis. Tech Bull Regist Med Technol 1966; 36:142-5. [PMID: 5945315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Brown WG. Duplication of the Ileum with Associated Vertebral Defect. Can Med Assoc J 1961; 84:789-790. [PMID: 20326704 PMCID: PMC1939465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
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Brown WG. THREE FATAL CASES OF THE BULBAR TYPE OF POLIOMYELITIS. J Neurol Psychiatry 1932; 12:309-19. [PMID: 21611353 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.s1-12.48.309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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