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LaCroix DE, Wolf WR, Vanderslice JT. Determination of Niacin in Infant Formula and Wheat Flour by Anion-Exchange Liquid Chromatography with Solid-Phase Extraction Cleanup. J AOAC Int 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/jaoac/82.1.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Denis E LaCroix
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Food Composition Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350
| | - Wayne R Wolf
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Food Composition Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350
| | - Joseph T Vanderslice
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Food Composition Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350
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Sharpless KE, Schiller SB, Margolis SA, Thomas JB, Iyengar GV, Colbert JC, Gills TE, Wise SA, Tanner JT, Wolf WR. Certification of Nutrients in Standard Reference Material 1846: Infant Formula. J AOAC Int 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/jaoac/80.3.611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In 1996, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) released Standard Reference Material 1846 (Infant Formula), which can be used as a control material for assigning values to in-house control materials and for validating analytical methods for measurement of proximates, vitamins, and minerals in infant formula and similar matrixes. The SRM was manufactured by preparing a spray-dried formula base containing fat, protein, carbohydrates, and minerals and then combining that formula base with a dry-blend vitamin premix that supplied the vitamins. The Certificate of Analysis for SRM 1846 provides assigned values for concentrations of proximates (fat, protein, etc.), vitamins, and minerals for which product labeling is required by the Infant Formula Act of 1980 and by the Nutrition Labeling and Education Act of 1990. These assigned values were based on agreement of measurements by NIST and/or collaborating laboratories. Certified values are provided for vitamins A (trans), E, C, B2, and Be and niacin. Noncertified values are provided for solids, ash, fat, nitrogen, protein, carbohydrate, calories, vitamin D, δ-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol, vitamin Bi, vitamin B12, folic acid, pantothenic acid, biotin, choline, inositol, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, sodium, potassium, and chloride. Information values are provided for iodine, manganese, selenium, and vitamin K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E Sharpless
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Chemistry B208, Gaithersburg, MD 20899
| | - Susannah B Schiller
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Chemistry B208, Gaithersburg, MD 20899
| | - Sam A Margolis
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Chemistry B208, Gaithersburg, MD 20899
| | - Jeanice Brown Thomas
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Chemistry B208, Gaithersburg, MD 20899
| | - G Venkatesh Iyengar
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Chemistry B208, Gaithersburg, MD 20899
| | - Jennifer C Colbert
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Chemistry B208, Gaithersburg, MD 20899
| | - Thomas E Gills
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Chemistry B208, Gaithersburg, MD 20899
| | - Stephen A Wise
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Chemistry B208, Gaithersburg, MD 20899
| | - James T Tanner
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, HFS-451, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Washington, DC 20204
| | - Wayne R Wolf
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Bldg. 161 BARC-East, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705
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Anderson EM, Angyal GN, Weaver CM, Felkner IC, Wolf WR, Worthy BE. Potential Application of LASER/Microbe Bioassay Technology for Determining Water-Soluble Vitamins in Foods. J AOAC Int 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/jaoac/76.3.682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A microbiological technique was developed for quantitating niacin by determining microbial growth rates in response to the amount of vitamin available. Unlike the current official AOAC method, the new procedure for niacin measured the growth rates during the early exponential growth phase rather than during the stationary phase. Lactobacillus plantarum was used to determine niacin to a lower limit of 100 pg/mL. The assay time was approximately 6 h, compared with 16-24 h for the current AOAC method. The extent of microbial growth was determined by differential light scattering of a LASER beam. Multiple photodetectors were integrated with a computer system to collect and analyze the data. The use of differential light scattering to determine 8 water-soluble vitamins under stationary phase conditions demonstrated the potential application of the new technology for microorganisms and foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen M Anderson
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Division of Nutrition, Washington, DC 20204
| | - Gerald N Angyal
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Division of Nutrition, Washington, DC 20204
| | - Carol M Weaver
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Division of Nutrition, Washington, DC 20204
| | | | - Wayne R Wolf
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705 and National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899
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Abstract
Abstract
The availability of deuterium-labeled nicotinic acid makes stable isotope dilution mass spectromerty (MS) coupled with liquid chromatography (LC) an attractive option for the determination of the water-soluble B-vitamin niacin in food samples. A method was developed based on acid digestion, solid-phase extraction with a strong cation exchange column, and reversed-phase chromatography with a C18 column. Detection is by positive ion electrospray MS. Analysis in selected ion recording mode is subject to interference problems similar to those found with other LC determinations of niacin, but the additional selectivity of multiple reaction monitoring mode largely eliminates interference problems. The method was applied to 6 different food matrixes and to appropriate reference materials, including milk samples with niacin levels near 1 ppm. The method exhibited good accuracy, based on levels obtained for the reference materials, and relative standard deviations in the range of 0.55%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Goldschmidt
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Food Composition Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705
| | - Wayne R Wolf
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Food Composition Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705
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LaCroix DE, Wolf WR, LaCroix DE, Wolf WR, Myer LJD, Calabraro R. Determination of Total Fat in Milk- and Soy-Based Infant Formula Powder by Supercritical Fluid Extraction: PVM 2:2002. J AOAC Int 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jaoac/86.1.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Commercially available simple benchtop systems using CO2 supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) eliminate expensive organic solvent disposal problems and offer potential to meet a demand for rapid, accurate high-volume gravimetric determinations of total fat content of infant formula powders. A Data Quality Objectives (DQOs) approach was used to evaluate the performance characteristics of instrumental SFE extraction for determination of total gravimetric fat in infant formula. The established DQOs included the following: Accuracy.—Correct values were obtained for a suitable reference material, SRM 1846 Infant Formula [National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD]. Ruggedness.—Variables were defined as (1) extraction time (35 min optimum); (2) ratio of sample size to diatomaceous earth support material (1 g sample/2 g support); (3) ratio of distilled water to alcohol (50% isopropanol optimum for both milk- and soy-based infant formula samples); (4) extraction flow rate was 3–3.5 mL/min optimum. Precision.—Relative standard deviations of multiple determinations fell within the Horwitz limits of acceptability of ≤2.8% at the level of analyte determined (0.34–2.5% obtained). Scope of applicability.—Includes milk- and soy-based infant formula powders. Research data were obtained by use of a commercially available fat analyzer. Samples of the SRM, 2 commercial milk-based and 3 commercial soy-based infant formula products were distributed to 2 additional collaborating laboratories. Very good agreement was obtained among the submitting and collaborating laboratories for these samples. The use of clearly defined DQOs to establish method performance characteristics, along with the commercially available reference material, provided the mechanism for verification and validation of analytical methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis E LaCroix
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food Composition Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, 10300 Baltimore Blvd, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350;., Tel: +1-301-504-8928, Fax: +1-301-504-8314
| | - Wayne R Wolf
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food Composition Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, 10300 Baltimore Blvd, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350;., Tel: +1-301-504-8928, Fax: +1-301-504-8314
| | - Denis E LaCroix
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food Composition Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, 10300 Baltimore Blvd, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350;., Tel: +1-301-504-8928, Fax: +1-301-504-8314
| | - Wayne R Wolf
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food Composition Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, 10300 Baltimore Blvd, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350;., Tel: +1-301-504-8928, Fax: +1-301-504-8314
| | - Leslie J D Myer
- LECO Corp., Applications Lab, 3000 Lakeview Ave, St. Joseph, MI 49038;., Tel: +1-616-982-5414, Fax: +1-616-982-2251
| | - Ron Calabraro
- LECO Corp., Applications Lab, 3000 Lakeview Ave, St. Joseph, MI 49038;., Tel: +1-616-982-5414, Fax: +1-616-982-2251
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LaCroix DE, Wolf WR, Chase GW. Determination of Niacin in Infant Formula by Solid-Phase Extraction/Liquid Chromatography: Peer-Verified Method Performance–Interlaboratory Validation. J AOAC Int 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jaoac/85.3.654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This paper reports the results of the interlaboratory peer validation study of AOAC Peer-Verified Method (PVM) 1:2000 for the determination of niacin in infant formula by solid-phase extraction/liquid chromatography. We have used a Data Quality Objectives (DQO) approach to address not only method variability and robustness but also accuracy of data through the use of an appropriate reference material in conjunction with the interlaboratory validation study. Our DQO included the following: (1) statistical agreement of analytical results and quantitative recovery between 2 collaborating laboratories; (2) the repeatability relative standard deviation (RSDr) values and the HORRAT (Horwitz ratio) obtained (1.07), which satisfied the criteria of the Horwitz “limits of acceptability” at the analyte level present; (3) validation of lack of interference; and (4) accuracy agreement within assigned values for a certified reference material. National Institute of Standards and Technology Standard Reference Material (NIST SRM) 1846 Infant Formula, with a certified value of 63.3 ± 7.6 μg/g for niacin content, was used as a test material for collaborative study and accuracy assessment. Niacin values obtained by the originating laboratory were 59.7 ± 4.0 μg/g (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.4 μg/g with a relative standard deviation [RSD] of 6.7%) and by the peer laboratory were 56.6 ± 6.6 μg/g (95% CI = 4.1 μg/g, with an RSD of 11.7%). Statistical evaluation using the means equivalence test showed that nicotinic acid values obtained by the peer laboratory were equivalent to those values obtained by the originating laboratory. Linear calibration curves and quantitative recovery were obtained. Integration of the PVM process with a readily available certified reference material gives the user confidence in the accuracy of the data generated by the method through traceability to the reference material used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis E LaCroix
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Food Composition Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350
| | - Wayne R Wolf
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Food Composition Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350
| | - G William Chase
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 2201 23rd Dr, SE, Bothell, WA 98021
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LaCroix DE, Wolf WR, Porter E, Cantellops D, Chase GW, Woollard D. Determination of Niacin in Infant Formula by Solid-Phase Extraction and Anion-Exchange Liquid Chromatography. J AOAC Int 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jaoac/84.3.789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A peer-verified, solid-phase extraction (SPE)/anion exchange liquid chromatographic method is presented for the determination of niacin in milk-based and soy-based infant formula. Analysis is in 3 steps: test sample digestion, extraction/cleanup, and liquid chromatography (LC). Digestion uses a standard AOAC digestion procedure that involves autoclaving at 121°C for 45 min in (1 + 1) H2SO4 to free endogenous niacin from protein and to convert added niacinamide to niacin. The digest solution is adjusted to pH 6.5 with 7.5M NaOH. Acidification to pH <1.0 with (1 + 1) H2SO4 precipitates the protein. The clarified solution is then filtered, and the filtrate is brought to volume. SPE of niacin is accomplished by passing an aliquot of the digest solution through an aromatic sulfonic acid–SPE (ArSCX–SPE) column. After the column is washed with methanol and water to remove extraneous material, the niacin is eluted with 0.25M sodium acetate/acetic acid buffer at pH 5.6. An anion-exchange polystyrene–divinylbenzene column with 0.1M sodium acetate/acetic acid buffer at pH 4.0 is used for LC. Niacin is determined by UV detection at 260 nm. A standard curve is prepared by passing known amounts of niacin through the ArSCX–SPE columns used for niacin extraction. The following values for x_bar and relative standard deviation (RSD) were obtained for National Institute of Standards and Technology Standard Reference Material (NIST SRM) 1846 Infant Formula with a certified value for niacin of 63.3 ± 7.6 μg/g: Submitting laboratory.— x_bar = 59.7 ± 4.0 μg/g; RSD = >6.7%; confidence interval (CI) = ± 1.4 μg/g; n = 27. Peer laboratory.— x_bar = 56.6 ± 6.6 μg/g; RSD = >11.7%; CI = ± 4.1 μg/g; n = 8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis E LaCroix
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Food Composition Laboratory, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350. Tel: +1-301-504-8928; Fax: +1-301-504-8314
| | - Wayne R Wolf
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Food Composition Laboratory, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350. Tel: +1-301-504-8928; Fax: +1-301-504-8314
| | - Eural Porter
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Atlanta Center for Nutrient Analysis, 60 8th St, NE, Atlanta, GA 30309
| | - Dennis Cantellops
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Atlanta Center for Nutrient Analysis, 60 8th St, NE, Atlanta, GA 30309
| | - G William Chase
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 22201 23rd Dr, SE, Bothwell, WA 98021
| | - David Woollard
- AgriQuality NZ, 131 Boundary Rd, PO Box 41, Auckland, NZ
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Abstract
Selenium, an important dietary nutrient, is found in many foods. Selenium occurs in various chemical forms including in amino acids with methylselenium functional groups, such as selenomethionine (Semet) and Se-(methyl)selenocystine (Metsecys). We developed a procedure for determining methylselenium in foods such as wheat, a significant dietary source of selenium in the United States. This method is based upon the reaction of cyanogen bromide (CNBr) to cleave the CH3Se-functional group of Semet and Metsecys to form the volatile compound, CH3SeCN. Addition of stable isotope (74Se) enriched selenomethionine to an analytical sample allows direct determination of naturally occurring protein bound Semet by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), without a protein digestion step, using highly precise stable isotope dilution techniques. We found that a wheat gluten reference material (NIST RM 1818) contains 64% methylselenium of its assigned value of 2.58 μg Setotal/g. and that commercial selenium yeast tablets contained 73% of total selenium as methylselenium [147 ± 10 μg Semetse/g (n = 9)]. These two materials would be good candidates for further study and characterization as reference materials for determining this important food component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne R. Wolf
- Food Composition Laboratory at the Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service of the United States Department of Agriculture, in Beltsville, Md., USA
| | - Hanaa Zainal
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, UCLA in Los Angeles, Calif., USA
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Abstract
We present a numerical method to compute the acoustic field scattered by finite perforated elastic plates. A boundary element method is developed to solve the Helmholtz equation subjected to boundary conditions related to the plate vibration. These boundary conditions are recast in terms of the vibration modes of the plate and its porosity, which enables a direct solution procedure. A parametric study is performed for a two-dimensional problem whereby a cantilevered perforated elastic plate scatters sound from a point quadrupole near the free edge. Both elasticity and porosity tend to diminish the scattered sound, in agreement with previous work considering semi-infinite plates. Finite elastic plates are shown to reduce acoustic scattering when excited at high Helmholtz numbers k0 based on the plate length. However, at low k0, finite elastic plates produce only modest reductions or, in cases related to structural resonance, an increase to the scattered sound level relative to the rigid case. Porosity, on the other hand, is shown to be more effective in reducing the radiated sound for low k0. The combined beneficial effects of elasticity and porosity are shown to be effective in reducing the scattered sound for a broader range of k0 for perforated elastic plates.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V G Cavalieri
- Divisão de Engenharia Aeronáutica , Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, São José dos Campos , Sao Paulo 12228-900, Brazil
| | - W R Wolf
- Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica , Universidade Estadual de Campinas , Campinas, Sao Paulo 13083-860, Brazil
| | - J W Jaworski
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics , Lehigh University, Bethlehem , PA 18015-3085, USA
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Goldschmidt RJ, Wolf WR. Determination of pyridoxine in dietary supplements by liquid chromatography with UV, fluorescence, and mass spectrometric detection: single-laboratory validation. J AOAC Int 2013; 96:265-75. [PMID: 23767349 DOI: 10.5740/jaoacint.12-030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A single-laboratory validation was performed for a method that determines pyridoxine, one of the B6 vitamers, in dietary supplements using LC and UV, fluorescence, or MS detection. The method was adapted for use with either HPLC or ultra-performance LC (UPLC). Pyridoxine is extracted from samples using 0.1 M formic acid, and specific conditions are adjusted for each of the different types of supplement materials examined. Reversed-phase chromatography with C18-based columns is used in both HPLC and UPLC. Fluorescence detection, often used in chromatographic analyses of vitamin B6 in foods, was successfully used here, but offered no great advantages over UV detection in the supplement materials tested. MS detection was also satisfactory, although use of an internal standard was required. Accuracy of the method was demonstrated in several ways, including use of a standard reference material. Precision and repeatability of the method were found acceptable by analysis of variance and HorRat repeatability calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Goldschmidt
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Food Composition and Methods Development Laboratory, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Bldg, 161 Room 102 BARC-East, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
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Byrdwell WC, Exler J, Gebhardt SE, Harnly JM, Holden JM, Horst RL, Patterson KY, Phillips KM, Wolf WR. Liquid chromatography with ultraviolet and dual parallel mass spectrometric detection for analysis of vitamin D in retail fortified orange juice. J Food Compost Anal 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2010.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Sander LC, Sharpless KE, Wise SA, Nelson BC, Phinney KW, Porter BJ, Rimmer CA, Thomas JB, Wood LJ, Yen JH, Duewer DL, Atkinson R, Chen P, Goldschmidt R, Wolf WR, Ho IP, Betz JM. Certification of vitamins and carotenoids in SRM 3280 multivitamin/multielement tablets. Anal Chem 2010; 83:99-108. [PMID: 21128589 DOI: 10.1021/ac101953u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A new multivitamin/multielement dietary supplement Standard Reference Material (SRM) has been issued by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), with certified and reference concentration values for 13 vitamins, 24 elements, and 2 carotenoids. The constituents have been measured by multiple analytical methods with data contributed by NIST and by collaborating laboratories. This effort included the first use of isotope dilution mass spectrometry for value assignment of both fat-soluble vitamins (FSVs) and water-soluble vitamins (WSVs). Excellent agreement was obtained among the methods, with relative expanded uncertainties for the certified concentration values typically ranging from <2% to 15% for vitamins.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Sander
- Analytical Chemistry Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100 Bureau Drive, MS 8311, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-8392, United States
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Chen P, Atkinson R, Wolf WR. Single-laboratory validation of a high-performance liquid chromatographic-diode array detector-fluorescence detector/mass spectrometric method for simultaneous determination of water-soluble vitamins in multivitamin dietary tablets. J AOAC Int 2009; 92:680-687. [PMID: 19485230 PMCID: PMC4159756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop a single-laboratory validated (SLV) method using high-performance liquid chromatography with different detectors [diode array detector (DAD); fluorescence detector (FLD); and mass spectrometry (MS)] for determination of 7 B-complex vitamins (B1-thiamin, B2-riboflavin, B3-nicotinamide, B6-pyridoxine, B9-folic acid, pantothenic acid, and biotin) and vitamin C in multivitamin/multimineral dietary supplements. The method involves the use of a reversed-phase octadecylsilyl column (4 microm, 250 x 2.0 mm id) and a gradient mobile phase profile. Gradient elution was performed at a flow rate of 0.25 mL/min. After a 5 min isocratic elution at 100% A (0.1% formic acid in water), a linear gradient to 50% A and 50% B (0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile) at 15 min was employed. Detection was performed with a DAD as well as either an FLD or a triple-quadrupole MS detector in the multiple reaction monitoring mode. SLV was performed using Standard Reference Material (SRM) 3280 Multivitamin/Multimineral Tablets, being developed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, with support by the Office of Dietary Supplements of the National Institutes of Health. Phosphate buffer (10 mM, pH 2.0) extracts of the NIST SRM 3280 were analyzed by the liquid chromatographic (LC)-DAD-FLDIMS method. Following extraction, the method does not require any sample cleanup/preconcentration steps except centrifugation and filtration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Chen
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Food Composition and Methods Development Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
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Beecher GR, Stewart KK, Holden JM, Harnly JM, Wolf WR. Legacy of Wilbur O. Atwater: human nutrition research expansion at the USDA--interagency development of food composition research. J Nutr 2009; 139:178-84. [PMID: 19056813 DOI: 10.3945/jn.108.095547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The systematic chemical analysis of foods for human consumption in the United States had its origin with Wilbur O. Atwater. This activity began in the 1860s while Atwater was a student at Yale University and continued through his tenures at Wesleyan University and the Storrs (Connecticut) Experiment Station. These activities moved with Atwater to the USDA in Washington, DC and ultimately to the Henry D. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center in Beltsville, MD early in the 1900s. During the first half of the 20th century, food composition activities were guided by the discovery of new essential nutrients and the need to measure and tabulate their levels in foods. Later in the century, the association between diet and chronic diseases was recognized. As a result, collaborations were established between other food- and health-related government agencies, the food industry, and many universities. At the same time, computer and communication technology greatly advanced, which became integral to laboratory instrumentation and allowed data in the National Nutrient Databank System to be available electronically. Simultaneously, accuracy of analytical data came under scrutiny and a new paradigm was established in collaboration with governmental metrology units worldwide. Advances in computer technology and the increased focus on accuracy of analytical data subsequently led to the development of quality indicators for all food composition data. Recently, increased consumption of dietary supplements resulted in the broadening of food composition efforts and development of new collaborations with government agencies, several industries, and universities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary R Beecher
- Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service/USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
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Byrdwell WC, Devries J, Exler J, Harnly JM, Holden JM, Holick MF, Hollis BW, Horst RL, Lada M, Lemar LE, Patterson KY, Philips KM, Tarrago-Trani MT, Wolf WR. Analyzing vitamin D in foods and supplements: methodologic challenges. Am J Clin Nutr 2008; 88:554S-557S. [PMID: 18689401 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/88.2.554s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This report briefly reviews existing methods for analyzing the vitamin D content of fortified and unfortified foods. The existing chemical methods are similar; all are time consuming, require experienced technicians, and have only been validated for a few materials (eg, dairy products or animal feed materials). This report also describes the lack of standard reference materials with certified values for vitamin D that laboratories need to guarantee the accuracy of existing analytic methods. Recently, the US Department of Agriculture, as part of a project to update the vitamin D values in the National Nutrient Database of Standard Reference, established an analytic methods committee to compare several existing vitamin D methods and to characterize 5 control materials (skim milk, processed cheese, cereal, orange juice, and salmon). Initial relative SDs for the 5 materials ranged from 35% to 50%. Elimination of systematic biases related to the methods and the standards yielded much more satisfactory relative SDs of 7% to 12%. This research has shown that existing methods for analyzing the vitamin D content in foods can produce accurate results. A new, simpler, and faster method, however, would greatly benefit the field. To guarantee accuracy, we need certified reference materials for foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Craig Byrdwell
- Food Composition and Methods Development Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agriculture Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, USA
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Roseland JM, Holden JM, Andrews KW, Zhao C, Schweitzer A, Harnly J, Wolf WR, Perry CR, Dwyer JT, Picciano MF, Betz JM, Saldanha LG, Yetley EA, Fisher KD, Sharpless KE. Dietary supplement ingredient database (DSID): Preliminary USDA studies on the composition of adult multivitamin/mineral supplements. J Food Compost Anal 2008; 21:S69-S77. [PMID: 24307755 PMCID: PMC3846171 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2007.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The Nutrient Data Laboratory of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) is collaborating with the Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS), the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), and other government agencies to design and populate a dietary supplement ingredient database (DSID). This analytically based, publicly available database will provide reliable estimates of vitamin and mineral content of dietary supplement (DS) products. The DSID will initially be populated with multivitamin/mineral (MVM) products because they are the most commonly consumed supplements. Challenges associated with the analysis of MVMs were identified and investigated. A pilot study addressing the identification of appropriate analytical methods, sample preparation protocols, and experienced laboratories for the analysis of 12 vitamins and 11 minerals in adult MVM supplement products was completed. Preliminary studies support the development of additional analytical studies with results that can be applied to the DSID. Total intakes from foods and supplements are needed to evaluate the associations between dietary components and health. The DSID will provide better estimates of actual nutrient intake from supplements than databases that rely on label values alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet M. Roseland
- Nutrient Data Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Joanne M. Holden
- Nutrient Data Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Karen W. Andrews
- Nutrient Data Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Cuiwei Zhao
- Nutrient Data Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Amy Schweitzer
- Nutrient Data Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - James Harnly
- Food Composition Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Wayne R. Wolf
- Food Composition Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Charles R. Perry
- Research and Development Division, National Agricultural Statistics Service, US Department of Agriculture, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Johanna T. Dwyer
- Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mary Frances Picciano
- Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Joseph M. Betz
- Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Leila G. Saldanha
- Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Yetley
- Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kenneth D. Fisher
- Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Dwyer JT, Picciano MF, Betz JM, Fisher KD, Saldanha LG, Yetley EA, Coates PM, Milner JA, Whitted J, Burt V, Radimer K, Wilger J, Sharpless KE, Holden JM, Andrews K, Roseland J, Zhao C, Schweitzer A, Harnly J, Wolf WR, Perry CR. Progress in developing analytical and label-based dietary supplement databases at the NIH Office of Dietary Supplements. J Food Compost Anal 2008; 21:S83-S93. [PMID: 25346570 PMCID: PMC4208495 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2007.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Although an estimated 50% of adults in the United States consume dietary supplements, analytically substantiated data on their bioactive constituents are sparse. Several programs funded by the Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS) at the National Institutes of Health enhance dietary supplement database development and help to better describe the quantitative and qualitative contributions of dietary supplements to total dietary intakes. ODS, in collaboration with the United States Department of Agriculture, is developing a Dietary Supplement Ingredient Database (DSID) verified by chemical analysis. The products chosen initially for analytical verification are adult multivitamin-mineral supplements (MVMs). These products are widely used, analytical methods are available for determining key constituents, and a certified reference material is in development. Also MVMs have no standard scientific, regulatory, or marketplace definitions and have widely varying compositions, characteristics, and bioavailability. Furthermore, the extent to which actual amounts of vitamins and minerals in a product deviate from label values is not known. Ultimately, DSID will prove useful to professionals in permitting more accurate estimation of the contribution of dietary supplements to total dietary intakes of nutrients and better evaluation of the role of dietary supplements in promoting health and well-being. ODS is also collaborating with the National Center for Health Statistics to enhance the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey dietary supplement label database. The newest ODS effort explores the feasibility and practicality of developing a database of all dietary supplement labels marketed in the US. This article describes these and supporting projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna T. Dwyer
- Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mary Frances Picciano
- Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Joseph M. Betz
- Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kenneth D. Fisher
- Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Leila G. Saldanha
- Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Yetley
- Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Paul M. Coates
- Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John A. Milner
- Nutritional Sciences Research Group, National Cancer Institute, US DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jackie Whitted
- Nutritional Sciences Research Group, National Cancer Institute, US DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Vicki Burt
- National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, US DHHS, Hyattsville, MD, USA
| | - Kathy Radimer
- National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, US DHHS, Hyattsville, MD, USA
| | - Jaimie Wilger
- National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, US DHHS, Hyattsville, MD, USA
| | | | - Joanne M. Holden
- Nutrient Data Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service (ARS), US Department of Agriculture (USDA), Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Karen Andrews
- Nutrient Data Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service (ARS), US Department of Agriculture (USDA), Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Janet Roseland
- Nutrient Data Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service (ARS), US Department of Agriculture (USDA), Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Cuiwei Zhao
- Nutrient Data Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service (ARS), US Department of Agriculture (USDA), Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Amy Schweitzer
- Nutrient Data Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service (ARS), US Department of Agriculture (USDA), Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - James Harnly
- Food Composition Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Wayne R. Wolf
- Food Composition Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Charles R. Perry
- Research and Development Division, National Agricultural Statistics Service, USDA, Fairfax, VA, USA
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19
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Sharpless KE, Szpylka J, Shoemaker DD, Gilani GS, Wolf WR, Rader J, Pan SJ, Torres M, Woollard DC, Phillips JG, Williams SM. Committee on Food Nutrition. J AOAC Int 2008. [DOI: 10.1093/jaoac/91.1.42b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E Sharpless
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Dr, Stop 8390, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8390
| | - John Szpylka
- General Mills/Medallion Laboratories, 9000 Plymouth Ave N., Minneapolis, MN 55427
| | - Dirk D Shoemaker
- Nebraska Department of Agriculture, 3703 S. 14th St, Lincoln, NE 68502
| | - G Sarwar Gilani
- Health Canada Government of Canada, Nutrition Research Division, Banting Bldg 2203C, Health Products and Food, Tunney's Pasture, Ottawa, ON K1A-0L2, Canada
| | - Wayne R Wolf
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Food Composition Laboratory CORRECT AS SPELLED OUT?, B-161 R-102, BARC-East, Beltsville, MD 20705
| | - Jeanne Rader
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, 5100 Paint Branch Pkwy, College Park, MD 20740
| | - Shang-Jing Pan
- Abbott Nutrition International, Micronutrient Department, Core Services, Research and Development Operations, 3300 Seltzer Rd, Columbus, OH
| | - Marina Torres
- Organization Technological Laboratory Uruguay (LATU), Avenida Italia 6201, Montevideo, Uruguay 11500
| | - David C Woollard
- New Zealand Laboratory Services Ltd, Analytical and Pharmaceutical Services, Penrose, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - John G Phillips
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 E. Mermaid Ln, Wyndmoor, PA 19038-8551
| | - Sara M Williams
- Office of the Texas State Chemist, PO Box 3160, College Station, TX 77841-3160
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20
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Chen P, Ozcan M, Wolf WR. Contents of selected B vitamins in NIST SRM 3280 multivitamin/multielement tablets by liquid chromatography isotope dilution mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2007; 389:343-7. [PMID: 17646973 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-007-1430-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2007] [Revised: 06/04/2007] [Accepted: 06/11/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
There is increased interest in accurately assessing the total dietary intake of vitamins from all sources, including foods and dietary supplements. Consequently, a Dietary Supplement Ingredient Database (DSID), based upon analytical values, is being established by USDA with support of the Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS), NIH. The DSID necessitated the development of a new SRM, 3280--Multivitamin/Multimineral Tablets, by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), with support from the ODS. As a continuation of a long-term project to develop and validate new methods of determining water-soluble B vitamins in foods and dietary supplements, and as part of a collaborative effort with NIST to characterize SRM 3280, values for the vitamin contents of SRM 3280 have been generated by a liquid chromatographic isotope dilution mass spectrometric (LC/IDMS) method. Isotope-labeled ((13)C and/or (2)H) B vitamins (B1-thiamine, B6-pyridoxine, B3-nicotinamide, and B5-pantothenic acid) were obtained from commercial sources, with the support of the ODS/NIH. Our LC/IDMS method uses a C18 reversed phase column, an Agilent 1100 HPLC system, and a Quattro Micro triple-quad mass spectrometer (MS). B vitamin determination was achieved using a gradient LC profile combined with MS/MS detection in multiple reaction monitoring mode. Stock solutions of the isotope-labeled vitamins were calibrated against USP standard solutions. The SRM tablets, with added amounts of the four isotope-labeled B vitamins, were extracted and the vitamins simultaneously determined in a single LC run, in contrast with the single-component determinations performed via IDMS. Unknown vitamin concentrations were calculated by comparing the ratios of the integrated LC peaks at the different masses of the unlabeled and labeled vitamins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Chen
- Food Composition Laboratory, USDA-ARS, BHNRC, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
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21
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Dwyer JT, Holden J, Andrews K, Roseland J, Zhao C, Schweitzer A, Perry CR, Harnly J, Wolf WR, Picciano MF, Fisher KD, Saldanha LG, Yetley EA, Betz JM, Coates PM, Milner JA, Whitted J, Burt V, Radimer K, Wilger J, Sharpless KE, Hardy CJ. Measuring vitamins and minerals in dietary supplements for nutrition studies in the USA. Anal Bioanal Chem 2007; 389:37-46. [PMID: 17641882 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-007-1456-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2007] [Revised: 06/15/2007] [Accepted: 06/21/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This article illustrates the importance of having analytical data on the vitamin and mineral contents of dietary supplements in nutrition studies, and describes efforts to develop an analytically validated dietary supplement ingredient database (DSID) by a consortium of federal agencies in the USA. Preliminary studies of multivitamin mineral supplements marketed in the USA that were analyzed as candidates for the DSID are summarized. Challenges are summarized, possible future directions are outlined, and some related programs at the Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health are described. The DSID should be helpful to researchers in assessing relationships between intakes of vitamins and minerals and health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna T Dwyer
- Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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22
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Goldschmidt RJ, Wolf WR. Determination of niacin in food materials by liquid chromatography using isotope dilution mass spectrometry. J AOAC Int 2007; 90:1084-9. [PMID: 17760346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The availability of deuterium-labeled nicotinic acid makes stable isotope dilution mass spectromerty (MS) coupled with liquid chromatography (LC) an attractive option for the determination of the water-soluble B-vitamin niacin in food samples. A method was developed based on acid digestion, solid-phase extraction with a strong cation exchange column, and reversed-phase chromatography with a C18 column. Detection is by positive ion electrospray MS. Analysis in selected ion recording mode is subject to interference problems similar to those found with other LC determinations of niacin, but the additional selectivity of multiple reaction monitoring mode largely eliminates interference problems. The method was applied to 6 different food matrixes and to appropriate reference materials, including milk samples with niacin levels near 1 ppm. The method exhibited good accuracy, based on levels obtained for the reference materials, and relative standard deviations in the range of 0.5-5%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Goldschmidt
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Food Composition Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
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23
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Phillips KM, Wolf WR, Patterson KY, Sharpless KE, Holden JM. Reference materials to evaluate measurement systems for the nutrient composition of foods: results from USDA's National Food and Nutrient Analysis Program (NFNAP). Anal Bioanal Chem 2007; 389:219-29. [PMID: 17583804 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-007-1366-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2007] [Revised: 05/07/2007] [Accepted: 05/11/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Over a 6.5-year period a total of 2554 values were reported by nine laboratories for 259 certified or reference nutrient concentrations in 26 certified reference materials (CRM) submitted to contract laboratories, blinded, as part of the qualifying process for analytical contracts and in the routine sample stream as part of the National Food and Nutrient Analysis Program. Each value was converted to a Z'-score, reflecting the difference from the assigned value related to the combined expected analytical uncertainty plus the uncertainty in the CRM value. Z'-scores >/3.0/ were considered unacceptable. For some nutrients (Na, folate, dietary fiber, pantothenic acid, thiamin, tocopherols, carotenoids, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids), >20% of Z'-scores were >/3.0/. For total fat, vitamin C, and niacin >25% of Z'-scores were >/2.0/. Components for which CRM data were best (more than 90% of Z'-scores </2.0/) were Mg, P, Mn, Se, and vitamin B12. In some cases deviations from assigned values were not uniform across laboratories and materials. For Na almost all high Z'-scores were for low-Na matrices, suggesting analytical problems related to concentration. Figure Z'-scores for vitamins in certified reference materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Phillips
- Biochemistry Department, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 304 Engel Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
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24
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Chen P, Wolf WR. Determination of B‐vitamins in the National Institute of Standards and Technology Standard Reference Material (NIST SRM) 3280: Multivitamin/Multielement Tablets by stable isotope dilution mass spectrometry. FASEB J 2007. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.21.5.a317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pei Chen
- USDA, ARS, BA, BHNRCFood Composition Laboratory10300 Baltimore Ave.BeltsvilleMD20705
| | - Wayne R Wolf
- USDA, ARS, BA, BHNRCFood Composition Laboratory10300 Baltimore Ave.BeltsvilleMD20705
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25
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Goldschmidt RJ, Wolf WR. Improved measurement of niacin in a variety of food samples by high performance liquid chromatography‐stable isotope dilution mass spectrometry. FASEB J 2007. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.21.5.a317-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Goldschmidt
- Food Composition LaboratoryUSDA, ARS, BA, BHNRC, 10300 Baltimore Ave.BeltsvilleMD20705
| | - Wayne R Wolf
- Food Composition LaboratoryUSDA, ARS, BA, BHNRC, 10300 Baltimore Ave.BeltsvilleMD20705
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26
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Atkinson RL, Wolf WR. Determination of Vitamin C in a LC/DAD Method for Analyzing Water Soluble Vitamins in Multi‐Vitamin Dietary Supplements Containing Multi‐Minerals. FASEB J 2007. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.21.5.a314-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Renata Lynn Atkinson
- Food Composition LaboratoryUSDA, ARS, BA, BHNRC, 10300 Baltimore Ave.BeltsvilleMD20705
| | - Wayne R Wolf
- Food Composition LaboratoryUSDA, ARS, BA, BHNRC, 10300 Baltimore Ave.BeltsvilleMD20705
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27
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Wolf WR, Chen P. Validation of a LC/UV/MS method for determination of multiple water soluble vitamins in dietary supplements. FASEB J 2007. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.21.5.a316-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wayne R Wolf
- Food Composition LaboratoryUSDA, ARS, BA, BHNRC, B‐161, R‐102, BARC‐EastBeltsvilleMD20705
| | - Pei Chen
- Food Composition LaboratoryUSDA, ARS, BA, BHNRC, B‐161, R‐102, BARC‐EastBeltsvilleMD20705
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28
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis E. LaCroix
- Food Composition Laboratory (FCL), Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center (BHNRC), United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Building 161, Beltsville, MD
- Retired, FCL, USDA
| | - Wayne R. Wolf
- Food Composition Laboratory (FCL), Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center (BHNRC), United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Building 161, Beltsville, MD
- Corresponding author. Phone 301-504-8927. Fax: 301-504-8314. E-mail:
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29
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Sharpless KE, Shoemaker DD, Gilani GS, Wolf WR, Szpylka J, Rader J, Pan SJ, Torres M, Woollard DC, Phillips JG, Williams SM. Committee on Food Nutrition. J AOAC Int 2007. [DOI: 10.1093/jaoac/90.1.57b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E Sharpless
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100 Bureau Dr, Stop 8390, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8390
| | - Dirk D Shoemaker
- Nebraska Department of Agriculture, 3703 S. 14th St, Lincoln, NE 68502
| | - G Sarwar Gilani
- Health Canada Government of Canada, Nutrition Research Division, Banting Bldg 2203C, Health Products and Food, Tunney's Pasture, Ottawa, ON K1A-0L2, Canada
| | - Wayne R Wolf
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, BHNRC FCL, B-161 R-102, BARC-East, Beltsville, MD 20705
| | - John Szpylka
- General Mills/Medallion Laboratories, 9000 Plymouth Ave North, Minneapolis, MN 55427
| | - Jeanne Rader
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, 5100 Paint Branch Pkwy, College Park, MD 20740
| | - Shang-Jing Pan
- Abbott Laboratories, Ross Product Division, Vitamin Laboratory, Research Services, 3300 Seltzer Rd, Columbus, OH
| | - Marina Torres
- Technological Laboratory Uruguay (LATU), Avenida Italia 6201, Montevideo, Uruguay 11500
| | - David C Woollard
- New Zealand Laboratory Services Ltd, Analytical and Pharmaceutical Services, Penrose, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - John G Phillips
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 E. Mermaid Ln, Wyndmoor, PA 19038-8551
| | - Sara M Williams
- Office of the Texas State Chemist, PO Box 3160, College Station, TX 77841-3160
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30
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Wolf WR, Goldschmidt RJ. Updated estimates of the selenomethionine content of NIST wheat reference materials by GC–IDMS. Anal Bioanal Chem 2006; 387:2449-52. [PMID: 17123069 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-006-0839-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2006] [Revised: 09/05/2006] [Accepted: 09/06/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Updated estimates of the selenomethionine content of four NIST wheat reference materials have been obtained by use of a revised gas chromatography-stable-isotope dilution mass spectrometric method. The revised method makes use of digestion with methanesulfonic acid, which enables more complete recovery of endogenous selenomethionine than was previously achieved by overnight denaturing treatment in 0.1 mol L(-1) HCl. The NIST wheat reference materials each contain approximately 55% of their total Se content as selenomethionine. Information about forms of Se in reference materials adds value to these materials in Se speciation studies. Estimates of selenomethionine content are also provided for other wheat samples, including several grown under conditions of exposure to high Se levels. These samples also contain approximately 55% of their total Se content as selenomethionine. The consistent level of 55% of total selenium occurring in the form of selenomethionine when the total selenium content varies by a factor of 500 is suggestive of an active mechanism of incorporation of selenium into wheat grain. Figure Selenomethionine content of wheat samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne R Wolf
- Food Composition Laboratory, BHNRC, ARS, USDA, Building 161, 10300 Baltimore Blvd, Beltsvilles, MD 20705, USA.
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31
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Chen P, Wolf WR. LC/UV/MS-MRM for the simultaneous determination of water-soluble vitamins in multi-vitamin dietary supplements. Anal Bioanal Chem 2006; 387:2441-8. [PMID: 17091235 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-006-0615-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2006] [Revised: 06/02/2006] [Accepted: 06/09/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to optimize chromatographic and detection conditions for the simultaneous determination of water-soluble vitamins in multi-vitamin dietary supplements using a single chromatographic run. An approach using liquid chromatography with diode array and/or mass spectrometry for quantitation of seven B-complex vitamins [thiamine (B(1)), riboflavin (B(2)), nicotinamide (B(3)), pyridoxine (B(6)) pyridoxine, biotin, pantothenic acid, and folic acid] in multi-vitamin/multi-mineral daily supplements is described. This approach utilizes a reversed phase C18 column (4 mum; i.d.: 250x2.0 mm) with a gradient mobile elution profile, performed at a flow rate of 0.25 ml/min. After a 5-min isocratic elution at 100% A (0.1% formic acid in water), a linear gradient to 50% A and 50% B (0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile) at 15 min and then to 5% A and 95% B at 17 min was employed. Detection was performed with a photodiode array detector (DAD) in sequence with a triple-quad mass spectrometer in the multiple reaction mode (MS-MRM). Although good chromatographic separation of ascorbic acid was also obtained in extracts from multi-vitamin/multi-mineral supplements, the ascorbic acid could not be quantified properly due to rapid oxidation catalyzed by the minerals. This method was initially applied to determine water-soluble vitamins in representative multi-vitamin/multi-mineral tablets following the extraction of ground samples with a phosphate buffer (10 mM, pH 2.5). For multi-vitamin supplement tablets, this approach does not require any sample clean-up/pre-concentration steps except for centrifugation and filtration of the extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Chen
- United States Department of Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Food Composition Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA.
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Sharpless KE, Shoemaker DD, Bonin E, Broge J, Ackman R, Gilani GS, Wolf WR, Woollard DC, Phillips JG, Williams SM. Committee on Food Nutrition. J AOAC Int 2006. [DOI: 10.1093/jaoac/89.6.1693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E Sharpless
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Dr, Stop 8390, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8390
| | - Dirk D Shoemaker
- Nebraska Department of Agriculture, 3703 South 14th St, Lincoln, NE 68502
| | - Evelyn Bonin
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Southeast Regional Laboratory, 60 Eighth St NE, Atlanta Center for Nutrient Analyses, Atlanta, GA 30309
| | - James Broge
- Novartis Medical Nutrition Corp., 1541 Park Place Blvd, Minneapolis, MN 55146
| | - Robert Ackman
- Dalhousie University, PO Box 1000, 1360 Barrington St, Halifax, NS B3J 2X4, Canada
| | - G Sarwar Gilani
- Health Canada Government of Canada, Nutrition Research Division, Banting Bldg 2203C, Health Products and Food, Tunney's Pasture, Ottawa, ON K1A-0L2, Canada
| | - Wayne R Wolf
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, ARS BHNRC FCL, B-161 R-102, BARC-East, Beltsville, MD 20705
| | - David C Woollard
- Analytical and Pharmaceutical Services, New Zealand Laboratory Services Ltd, Penrose, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - John G Phillips
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, ARS, Eastern Regional Research Ctr, 600 E. Mermaid Ln, Wyndmoor, PA 19038-8551
| | - Sara M Williams
- Office of the Texas State Chemist, PO Box 3160, College Station, TX 77841-3160
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Dwyer JT, Picciano MF, Betz JM, Fisher KD, Saldanha LG, Yetley EA, Coates PM, Radimer K, Bindewald B, Sharpless KE, Holden J, Andrews K, Zhao C, Harnly J, Wolf WR, Perry CR. Progress in development of an integrated dietary supplement ingredient database at the NIH Office of Dietary Supplements. J Food Compost Anal 2006; 19:S108-S114. [PMID: 25309034 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2005.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Several activities of the Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS) at the National Institutes of Health involve enhancement of dietary supplement databases. These include an initiative with US Department of Agriculture to develop an analytically substantiated dietary supplement ingredient database (DSID) and collaboration with the National Center for Health Statistics to enhance the dietary supplement label database in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The many challenges that must be dealt with in developing an analytically supported DSID include categorizing product types in the database, identifying nutrients, and other components of public health interest in these products and prioritizing which will be entered in the database first. Additional tasks include developing methods and reference materials for quantifying the constituents, finding qualified laboratories to measure the constituents, developing appropriate sample handling procedures, and finally developing representative sampling plans. Developing the NHANES dietary supplement label database has other challenges such as collecting information on dietary supplement use from NHANES respondents, constant updating and refining of information obtained, developing default values that can be used if the respondent cannot supply the exact supplement or strength that was consumed, and developing a publicly available label database. Federal partners and the research community are assisting in making an analytically supported dietary supplement database a reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna T Dwyer
- Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mary Frances Picciano
- Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Joseph M Betz
- Dietary Supplement Methods and Reference Materials Program, Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health, USA
| | - Kenneth D Fisher
- Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Leila G Saldanha
- Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Yetley
- Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Paul M Coates
- Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kathy Radimer
- National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control, US Department of Health and Human Services, USA
| | - Bernadette Bindewald
- National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control, US Department of Health and Human Services, USA
| | | | - Joanne Holden
- Nutrient Data Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Karen Andrews
- Nutrient Data Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Cuiwei Zhao
- Nutrient Data Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - James Harnly
- Food Composition Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, US Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Wayne R Wolf
- Food Composition Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, US Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Charles R Perry
- Research and Development Division, National Agricultural Statistic Service, US Department of Agriculture Fairfax, VA, USA
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LaCroix DE, Wolf WR, Kwansa AL. Rapid Trichloroacetic Acid Extraction and Liquid Chromatography Method for Determination of Nicotinamide in Commercial Cereals. Cereal Chem 2005. [DOI: 10.1094/cc-82-0277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Denis E. LaCroix
- Food Composition Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center (BHNRC), United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Building 161, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350. Names are necessary to report factually on available data; however, the USDA neither guarantees nor warrants the standard of the product, and the use of the name by the USDA implies no approval of the product to the exclusion of others that may also be suitable
| | - Wayne R. Wolf
- Food Composition Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center (BHNRC), United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Building 161, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350. Names are necessary to report factually on available data; however, the USDA neither guarantees nor warrants the standard of the product, and the use of the name by the USDA implies no approval of the product to the exclusion of others that may also be suitable
- Corresponding author. Phone: 301-504-8927. Fax: 301-504-8314. E-mail:
| | - Albert L. Kwansa
- Student intern, Eleanor Roosevelt High School, Greenbelt, MD. Current Address: University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
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Woollard DC, Shoemaker DD, Ackman RG, Eitenmiller RR, Mossoba MM, Sharpless KE, Smith R, Wolf WR, Bonnin E, Phillips JG, Williams SM. Committee on Food Nutrition. J AOAC Int 2005; 88:371-2. [PMID: 15759763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
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Woollard DC, Shoemaker DD, Ackman RG, Eitenmiller RR, Mossoba MM, Sharpless KE, Smith R, Wolf WR, Bonnin E, Phillips JG, Williams SM. Committee on Food Nutrition. J AOAC Int 2005. [DOI: 10.1093/jaoac/88.1.371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David C Woollard
- AgriQuality NZ Ltd., PO Box 41, 131 Boundary Rd, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Dirk D Shoemaker
- Nebraska Department of Agriculture, 3703 S 14th St, Lincoln, NE 68502
| | - Robert G Ackman
- Dalhousie University, Canadian Institute Fshrs Technology, PO Box 1000, 1360 Barrington St, Halifax, NS B3J-2X4, Canada
| | | | - Magdi M Mossoba
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), CFSAN, Room BE-012, 5100 Paint Branch Pkwy, College Park, MD 20740-3835
| | - Katherine E Sharpless
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Stop 8392, 100 Bureau Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8392
| | - Randall Smith
- Covance Laboratories, 3301 Kinsman Blvd, Madison, WI 53704-2523
| | - Wayne R Wolf
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, ARS Human Nutrition, 5601 Sunnyside Ave, GWCC-4-2180, Beltsville, MD 20705-5138
| | - Evelyn Bonnin
- FDA, Southeast Regional Laboratory, Atlanta Center for Nutrient Analysis, 60 Eighth St NE, Atlanta, GA 30309
| | - John G Phillips
- USDA, ARS, Eastern Regional Research Ctr, 600 E. Mermaid Ln, Wyndmoor, PA 19038-8551
| | - Sara M Williams
- Office of the Texas State Chemist, PO Box 3160, College Station, TX 77841-3160
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Wolf WR, Goldschmidt RJ. Selenomethionine contents of NIST wheat reference materials. Anal Bioanal Chem 2004; 378:1175-81. [PMID: 14735281 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-003-2393-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2003] [Revised: 10/24/2003] [Accepted: 11/04/2003] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Values of the total selenium and selenomethionine (Semet) content of four wheat-based reference materials have been obtained by gas chromatography-stable isotope dilution mass spectrometry methods. The total Se method is an established one, and the results obtained with it are consistent with previously-assigned values. The Semet method (previously reported by our laboratory) is based on reaction with CNBr. Our data indicate that the four wheat samples (wheat gluten, durum wheat, hard red spring wheat, and soft winter wheat), though having a 30-fold range in total Se content, all have about 45% of their total Se values in the form of selenomethionine. Investigation of the CNBr-based method suggests that additional experiments are needed to verify that all selenomethionine in the wheat samples is accounted for, but also indicates that the values obtained are within 15% of the true values. As the form in which Se occurs in foods and dietary supplements is important from a nutritional perspective, adding information about Se speciation to total Se values in appropriate reference materials makes these materials more valuable in relevant analytical work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne R Wolf
- Food Composition Laboratory, BHNRC, ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
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Woollard DC, Shoemaker DD, Ackman RG, Eitenmiller RR, Mossoba MM, Sharpless KE, Smith R, Wolf WR, Bonnin E, Phillips JG, Williams SM. Committee on Food Nutrition. J AOAC Int 2004. [DOI: 10.1093/jaoac/87.1.313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David C Woollard
- AgriQuality NZ Ltd., PO Box 41, 131 Boundary Rd, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Dirk D Shoemaker
- Nebraska Department of Agriculture, 3703 S 14th St, Lincoln, NE 68502
| | - Robert G Ackman
- Dalhousie University, Canadian Institute Fshrs Technology, PO Box 1000, 1360 Barrington St, Halifax, NS B3J-2X4, Canada
| | | | - Magdi M Mossoba
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), CFSAN, Room BE-012, 5100 Paint Branch Pkwy, College Park, MD 20740-3835
| | - Katherine E Sharpless
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Stop 8392, 100 Bureau Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8392
| | - Randall Smith
- Covance Laboratories, 3301 Kinsman Blvd, Madison, WI 53704-2523
| | - Wayne R Wolf
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, ARS Human Nutrition, 5601 Sunnyside Ave, GWCC-4-2180, Beltsville, MD 20705-5138
| | - Evelyn Bonnin
- FDA, Southeast Regional Laboratory, Atlanta Center for Nutrient Analysis, 60 Eighth St NE, Atlanta, GA 30309
| | - John G Phillips
- USDA, ARS, Eastern Regional Research Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Ln, Wyndmoor, PA 19038-8551
| | - Sara M Williams
- Office of the Texas State Chemist, PO Box 3160, College Station, TX 77841-3160
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LaCroix DE, Wolf WR. Determination of total fat in milk- and soy-based infant formula powder by supercritical fluid extraction. J AOAC Int 2003; 86:86-95. [PMID: 12607745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Commercially available simple benchtop systems using CO2 supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) eliminate expensive organic solvent disposal problems and offer potential to meet a demand for rapid, accurate high-volume gravimetric determinations of total fat content of infant formula powders. A Data Quality Objectives (DQOs) approach was used to evaluate the performance characteristics of instrumental SFE extraction for determination of total gravimetric fat in infant formula. The established DQOs included the following: ACCURACY: Correct values were obtained for a suitable reference material, SRM 1846 Infant Formula [National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD]. RUGGEDNESS: Variables were defined as (1) extraction time (35 min optimum); (2) ratio of sample size to diatomaceous earth support material (1 g sample/2 g support); (3) ratio of distilled water to alcohol (50% isopropanol optimum for both milk- and soy-based infant formula samples); (4) extraction flow rate was 3-3.5 mL/min optimum. PRECISION: Relative standard deviations of multiple determinations fell within the Horwitz limits of acceptability of < or = 2.8% at the level of analyte determined (0.34-2.5% obtained). SCOPE OF APPLICABILITY: Includes milk- and soy-based infant formula powders. Research data were obtained by use of a commercially available fat analyzer. Samples of the SRM, 2 commercial milk-based and 3 commercial soy-based infant formula products were distributed to 2 additional collaborating laboratories. Very good agreement was obtained among the submitting and collaborating laboratories for these samples. The use of clearly defined DQOs to establish method performance characteristics, along with the commercially available reference material, provided the mechanism for verification and validation of analytical methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis E LaCroix
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food Composition Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, 10300 Baltimore Blvd, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA.
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Wolf WR, Zainal H. Methylseleno-amino acid content of food materials by stable isotope dilution mass spectrometry. Food Nutr Bull 2002; 23:120-3. [PMID: 12362778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
Selenium, an important dietary nutrient, is found in many foods. Selenium occurs in various chemical forms including in amino acids with methylselenium functional groups, such as selenomethionine (Semet) and Se-(methyl)selenocystine (Metsecys). We developed a procedure for determining methylselenium in foods such as wheat, a significant dietary source of selenium in the United States. This method is based upon the reaction of cyanogen bromide (CNBr) to cleave the CH3Se-functional group of Semet and Metsecys to form the volatile compound, CH3SeCN. Addition of stable isotope (74Se) enriched selenomethionine to an analytical sample allows direct determination of naturally occurring protein bound Semet by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), without a protein digestion step, using highly precise stable isotope dilution techniques. We found that a wheat gluten reference material (NIST RM 1818) contains 64% methylselenium of its assigned value of 2.58 micrograms Setotal/g. and that commercial selenium yeast tablets contained 73% of total selenium as methylselenium [147 +/- 10 micrograms Semetse/g (n = 9)]. These two materials would be good candidates for further study and characterization as reference materials for determining this important food component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne R Wolf
- Food Composition Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Md., USA
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Wolf WR, Sievers RE, Brown GH. Vapor pressure measurements and gas chromatographic studies of the solution thermodynamics of metal .beta.-diketonates. Inorg Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ic50115a003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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LaCroix DE, Wolf WR, Chase GW. Determination of niacin in infant formula by solid-phase extraction/liquid chromatography: peer-verified method performance-interlaboratory validation. J AOAC Int 2002; 85:654-64. [PMID: 12083258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports the results of the interlaboratory peer validation study of AOAC Peer-Verified Method (PVM) 1:2,000 for the determination of niacin in infant formula by solid-phase extraction/liquid chromatography. We have used a Data Quality Objectives (DQO) approach to address not only method variability and robustness but also accuracy of data through the use of an appropriate reference material in conjunction with the interlaboratory validation study. Our DQO included the following: (1) statistical agreement of analytical results and quantitative recovery between 2 collaborating laboratories; (2) the repeatability relative standard deviation (RSDr) values and the HORRAT (Horwitz ratio) obtained (1.07), which satisfied the criteria of the Horwitz "limits of acceptability" at the analyte level present; (3) validation of lack of interference; and (4) accuracy agreement within assigned values for a certified reference material. National Institute of Standards and Technology Standard Reference Material (NIST SRM) 1846 Infant Formula, with a certified value of 63.3 +/- 7.6 microg/g for niacin content, was used as a test material for collaborative study and accuracy assessment. Niacin values obtained by the originating laboratory were 59.7 +/- 4.0 microg/g (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.4 microg/g with a relative standard deviation [RSD] of 6.7%) and by the peer laboratory were 56.6 +/- 6.6 microg/g (95% CI = 4.1 microg/g, with an RSD of 11.7%). Statistical evaluation using the means equivalence test showed that nicotinic acid values obtained by the peer laboratory were equivalent to those values obtained by the originating laboratory. Linear calibration curves and quantitative recovery were obtained. Integration of the PVM process with a readily available certified reference material gives the user confidence in the accuracy of the data generated by the method through traceability to the reference material used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis E LaCroix
- US Department of Agriculture, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Food Composition Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA
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Abstract
Proper implementation and use of validated analytical methodology with use of appropriate reference materials (RM) is a preferred means of helping to ensure equivalent analytical method performance in diverse laboratories. Choice of an appropriate RM that not only matches the analyte and matrix of the required determination, but also has been demonstrated to be within the applicability of a specific analytical method, are key factors. In response to numerous requests since its founding in 1993, the Technical Division on Reference Materials (TDRM), AOAC International is implementing a program for recognizing the matching of specific reference materials to specific AOAC methods of analysis. This recognition is accomplished by means of a thorough peer-reviewed selection system, under the auspices of the AOAC official methods board and the executive committee of the TDRM. Potential RM/method matching (RM/MM) proposals will be submitted to an RM/MM committee. After technical review of the suitability of the proposed RM by the RM/MM committee, acceptable matches are recommended for review by the current AOAC process responsible for review and recognition of new methods and modifications to existing AOAC methods of analysis. Several trial matches have been used to develop and test this system. The end product of this effort will ultimately be made available as either a stand-alone document, a section of the AOAC Official Methods of Analysis, or a site within the AOAC web site listing recognized matches.
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Affiliation(s)
- W R Wolf
- US Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, USA.
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Abstract
Selenium has been identified as an antioxidant of importance in the diet. Accurate determination of its chemical forms depends on the availability of suitable reference materials (RMs). Two candidate reference materials for determination of selenomethionine (Semet) in food-related materials, a standard wheat gluten sample (NIST RM 8418 Wheat Gluten) and a commercial selenium enriched yeast, have been examined by use of a gas chromatography-isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS) procedure, after treatment of the matrix with 0.1 mol L(-1) hydrochloric acid containing stannous chloride, addition of CNBr, and extraction with chloroform. This procedure results in cleavage of the CH3Se group to form volatile CH3SeCN. Addition of isotopically enriched 74Semet to an analytical sample enables estimation of the naturally occurring protein-bound 80Semet by IDMS without a protein-digestion process. We found that the Wheat Gluten RM contains a significant amount of Semet as a portion of its assigned value of 2.58 microg Se(total g(-1). Commercial selenium yeast tablets are labeled as containing an elevated level of "organic selenium", usually as Semet. The sample we investigated contained 210 microg Se(total) g(-1) sample as determined separately by IDMS, measuring elemental selenium after digestion. 73% of this total (153 +/- 21 microg Se(semet) g(-1); n = 23) was present as Semet. Thus, these two materials contain significant amounts of their total selenium content as Semet and would be good candidates for further study and characterization as reference materials for determining this important food component. The CNBr reaction used will also enable the determination of Se-(methyl)selenocysteine, the biological role of which is of recent interest. In addition to matrix RMs for Semet, it is important to have standard materials of the pure substance. We have examined a sample of a candidate standard material of selenomethionine being prepared by the USP. It was confirmed that this material is pure selenomethionine.
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Affiliation(s)
- W R Wolf
- Food Composition Laboratory, BHNRC, ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
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LaCroix DE, Wolf WR, Porter E, Cantellops D, Chase GW, Woollard D. Determination of niacin in infant formula by solid-phase extraction and anion-exchange liquid chromatography. J AOAC Int 2001; 84:789-804. [PMID: 11417644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
A peer-verified, solid-phase extraction (SPE)/anion exchange liquid chromatographic method is presented for the determination of niacin in milk-based and soy-based infant formula. Analysis is in 3 steps: test sample digestion, extraction/cleanup, and liquid chromatography (LC). Digestion uses a standard AOAC digestion procedure that involves autoclaving at 121 degrees C for 45 min in (1 + 1) H2SO4 to free endogenous niacin from protein and to convert added niacinamide to niacin. The digest solution is adjusted to pH 6.5 with 7.5M NaOH. Acidification to pH <1.0 with (1 + 1) H2SO4 precipitates the protein. The clarified solution is then filtered, and the filtrate is brought to volume. SPE of niacin is accomplished by passing an aliquot of the digest solution through an aromatic sulfonic acid-SPE (ArSCX-SPE) column. After the column is washed with methanol and water to remove extraneous material, the niacin is eluted with 0.25M sodium acetate/acetic acid buffer at pH 5.6. An anion-exchange polystyrene-divinylbenzene column with 0.1 M sodium acetate/acetic acid buffer at pH 4.0 is used for LC. Niacin is determined by UV detection at 260 nm. A standard curve is prepared by passing known amounts of niacin through the ArSCX-SPE columns used for niacin extraction. The following values for x and relative standard deviation (RSD) were obtained for National Institute of Standards and Technology Standard Reference Material (NIST SRM) 1846 Infant Formula with a certified value for niacin of 63.3 +/- 7.6 microg/g: Submitting laboratory.-- x = 59.7 +/- 4.0 microg/g; RSD = >6.7%; confidence interval (CI) = +/- 1.4 microg/g; n = 27. Peer laboratory.--x = 56.6 +/- 6.6 microg/g; RSD = >11.7%; CI =+/- 4.1 microg/g; n = 8.
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Affiliation(s)
- D E LaCroix
- US Department of Agriculture, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Food Composition Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA.
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LaCroix DE, Wolf WR, Vanderslice JT. Determination of niacin in infant formula and wheat flour by anion-exchange liquid chromatography with solid-phase extraction cleanup. J AOAC Int 1999; 82:128-33. [PMID: 10028681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Niacin content must be included on food labels of infant formula products and bakery products containing enriched flour. Liquid chromatographic (LC) determination of niacin in complex food matrixes is complicated by the presence of endogenous compounds that absorb at the commonly used wave-length of 260 nm. Also, the presence of particulate matter in the standard sulfuric acid extraction procedure results in reduced life of LC columns and precolumns. A simple, rapid, solid-phase extraction (SPE) procedure for separation and cleanup of niacin from a complex food matrix digest has been developed. By using a vacuum manifold with the SPE column system, multiple samples can be processed quickly and efficiently for LC analysis, compared with gravimetric column cleanup. Sulfuric acid sample digest is passed over an aromatic sulfonic acid cation-exchange (ArSCX-SPE) or a sulfonated Florisil SPE column. Niacin is eluted with 0.25M sodium acetate-acetic acid, pH 5.6 buffer in vacuo. LC chromatograms of the resulting eluate are free of interference from other components absorbing at 260 nm at the retention time of niacin. Validation of the method was obtained from agreement of analytical results on available reference materials. For both SPE methods, values for niacin in SRM 1846 Infant Formula (milk-based powder) were within uncertainty ranges of the certified value. Use of several calibration procedures (the LC computer program, a peak area response graphic standard curve, or the method of standard additions) with both SPE procedures resulted in niacin values for 3 RM-Wheat Flours (not certified for niacin) in agreement (90-105%) with their respective values reported in the literature. Several commercial wheat flours showed a broad 260 nm interference, resulting in high niacin values. Niacin recoveries from spiked soy-based liquid infant formulas ranged from 95-107% with the ArSCX-SPE column. Calibration curves of niacin were linear up to 400 micrograms/mL, with a detection limit of 0.2 microgram/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- D E LaCroix
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Food Composition Laboratory, MD 20705-2350, USA
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