1
|
LeMaster C, Schwendinger-Schreck C, Ge B, Cheung W, Johnston JJ, Pastinen T, Smail C. Mapping structural variants to rare disease genes using long-read whole genome sequencing and trait-relevant polygenic scores. medRxiv 2024:2024.03.15.24304216. [PMID: 38562793 PMCID: PMC10984062 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.15.24304216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed the pervasive landscape of rare structural variants (rSVs) present in human genomes. rSVs can have extreme effects on the expression of proximal genes and, in a rare disease context, have been implicated in patient cases where no diagnostic single nucleotide variant (SNV) was found. Approaches for integrating rSVs to date have focused on targeted approaches in known Mendelian rare disease genes. This approach is intractable for rare diseases with many causal loci or patients with complex, multi-phenotype syndromes. We hypothesized that integrating trait-relevant polygenic scores (PGS) would provide a substantial reduction in the number of candidate disease genes in which to assess rSV effects. We further implemented a method for ranking PGS genes to define a set of core/key genes where a rSV has the potential to exert relatively larger effects on disease risk. Among a subset of patients enrolled in the Genomic Answers for Kids (GA4K) rare disease program (N=497), we used PacBio HiFi long-read whole genome sequencing (lrWGS) to identify rSVs intersecting genes in trait-relevant PGSs. Illustrating our approach in Autism (N=54 cases), we identified 1,827 deletions, 158 duplications, 619 insertions, and 14 inversions overlapping putative core/key PGS genes. Additionally, by integrating genomic constraint annotations from gnomAD, we observed that rare duplications overlapping putative core/key PGS genes were frequently in higher constraint regions compared to controls (P = 2×10-04). This difference was not observed in the lowest-ranked gene set (P = 0.18). Overall, our study provides a framework for the annotation of long-read rSVs from lrWGS data and prioritization of disease-linked genomic regions for downstream functional validation of rSV impacts. To enable reuse by other researchers, we have made SV allele frequencies and gene associations freely available.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C LeMaster
- Genomic Medicine Center, Children's Mercy Research Institute and Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - C Schwendinger-Schreck
- Genomic Medicine Center, Children's Mercy Research Institute and Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - B Ge
- McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - W Cheung
- Genomic Medicine Center, Children's Mercy Research Institute and Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - J J Johnston
- Genomic Medicine Center, Children's Mercy Research Institute and Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - T Pastinen
- Genomic Medicine Center, Children's Mercy Research Institute and Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - C Smail
- Genomic Medicine Center, Children's Mercy Research Institute and Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Matteson NL, Hassler GW, Kurzban E, Schwab MA, Perkins SA, Gangavarapu K, Levy JI, Parker E, Pride D, Hakim A, De Hoff P, Cheung W, Castro-Martinez A, Rivera A, Veder A, Rivera A, Wauer C, Holmes J, Wilson J, Ngo SN, Plascencia A, Lawrence ES, Smoot EW, Eisner ER, Tsai R, Chacón M, Baer NA, Seaver P, Salido RA, Aigner S, Ngo TT, Barber T, Ostrander T, Fielding-Miller R, Simmons EH, Zazueta OE, Serafin-Higuera I, Sanchez-Alavez M, Moreno-Camacho JL, García-Gil A, Murphy Schafer AR, McDonald E, Corrigan J, Malone JD, Stous S, Shah S, Moshiri N, Weiss A, Anderson C, Aceves CM, Spencer EG, Hufbauer EC, Lee JJ, King AJ, Ramesh KS, Nguyen KN, Saucedo K, Robles-Sikisaka R, Fisch KM, Gonias SL, Birmingham A, McDonald D, Karthikeyan S, Martin NK, Schooley RT, Negrete AJ, Reyna HJ, Chavez JR, Garcia ML, Cornejo-Bravo JM, Becker D, Isaksson M, Washington NL, Lee W, Garfein RS, Luna-Ruiz Esparza MA, Alcántar-Fernández J, Henson B, Jepsen K, Olivares-Flores B, Barrera-Badillo G, Lopez-Martínez I, Ramírez-González JE, Flores-León R, Kingsmore SF, Sanders A, Pradenas A, White B, Matthews G, Hale M, McLawhon RW, Reed SL, Winbush T, McHardy IH, Fielding RA, Nicholson L, Quigley MM, Harding A, Mendoza A, Bakhtar O, Browne SH, Olivas Flores J, Rincon Rodríguez DG, Gonzalez Ibarra M, Robles Ibarra LC, Arellano Vera BJ, Gonzalez Garcia J, Harvey-Vera A, Knight R, Laurent LC, Yeo GW, Wertheim JO, Ji X, Worobey M, Suchard MA, Andersen KG, Campos-Romero A, Wohl S, Zeller M. Genomic surveillance reveals dynamic shifts in the connectivity of COVID-19 epidemics. Cell 2023; 186:5690-5704.e20. [PMID: 38101407 PMCID: PMC10795731 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
The maturation of genomic surveillance in the past decade has enabled tracking of the emergence and spread of epidemics at an unprecedented level. During the COVID-19 pandemic, for example, genomic data revealed that local epidemics varied considerably in the frequency of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) lineage importation and persistence, likely due to a combination of COVID-19 restrictions and changing connectivity. Here, we show that local COVID-19 epidemics are driven by regional transmission, including across international boundaries, but can become increasingly connected to distant locations following the relaxation of public health interventions. By integrating genomic, mobility, and epidemiological data, we find abundant transmission occurring between both adjacent and distant locations, supported by dynamic mobility patterns. We find that changing connectivity significantly influences local COVID-19 incidence. Our findings demonstrate a complex meaning of "local" when investigating connected epidemics and emphasize the importance of collaborative interventions for pandemic prevention and mitigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabriel W Hassler
- Department of Computational Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ezra Kurzban
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Madison A Schwab
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sarah A Perkins
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Karthik Gangavarapu
- Department of Biomathematics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Joshua I Levy
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Edyth Parker
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - David Pride
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Abbas Hakim
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; COVID-19 Detection, Investigation, Surveillance, Clinical, and Outbreak Response, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA, USA
| | - Peter De Hoff
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; COVID-19 Detection, Investigation, Surveillance, Clinical, and Outbreak Response, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA, USA
| | - Willi Cheung
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; COVID-19 Detection, Investigation, Surveillance, Clinical, and Outbreak Response, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA, USA
| | - Anelizze Castro-Martinez
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Sanford Consortium of Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Andrea Rivera
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Anthony Veder
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ariana Rivera
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Cassandra Wauer
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jacqueline Holmes
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jedediah Wilson
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Shayla N Ngo
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ashley Plascencia
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Elijah S Lawrence
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth W Smoot
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Emily R Eisner
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Rebecca Tsai
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Marisol Chacón
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nathan A Baer
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Phoebe Seaver
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Rodolfo A Salido
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Stefan Aigner
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Toan T Ngo
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tom Barber
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tyler Ostrander
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Rebecca Fielding-Miller
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Division of Infectious Disease and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Oscar E Zazueta
- Department of Epidemiology, Secretaria de Salud de Baja California, Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico
| | | | - Manuel Sanchez-Alavez
- Centro de Diagnostico COVID-19 UABC, Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico; Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Abraham García-Gil
- Clinical Laboratory Department, Salud Digna, A.C, Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico
| | | | - Eric McDonald
- County of San Diego Health and Human Services Agency, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jeremy Corrigan
- County of San Diego Health and Human Services Agency, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - John D Malone
- County of San Diego Health and Human Services Agency, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Sarah Stous
- County of San Diego Health and Human Services Agency, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Seema Shah
- County of San Diego Health and Human Services Agency, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Niema Moshiri
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alana Weiss
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Catelyn Anderson
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Christine M Aceves
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Emily G Spencer
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Emory C Hufbauer
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Justin J Lee
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alison J King
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Karthik S Ramesh
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kelly N Nguyen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kieran Saucedo
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Kathleen M Fisch
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Steven L Gonias
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Amanda Birmingham
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Daniel McDonald
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Smruthi Karthikeyan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Natasha K Martin
- Division of Infectious Disease and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Robert T Schooley
- Division of Infectious Disease and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Agustin J Negrete
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Universidad Autonoma de Baja California Valle de Las Palmas, Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Horacio J Reyna
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Universidad Autonoma de Baja California Valle de Las Palmas, Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Jose R Chavez
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Universidad Autonoma de Baja California Valle de Las Palmas, Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Maria L Garcia
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Universidad Autonoma de Baja California Valle de Las Palmas, Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Jose M Cornejo-Bravo
- Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas e Ingenieria, Universidad Autonoma de Baja California, Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | - Richard S Garfein
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Benjamin Henson
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kristen Jepsen
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Beatriz Olivares-Flores
- Instituto de Diagnóstico y Referencia Epidemiológicos (InDRE), Ciudad de México, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Gisela Barrera-Badillo
- Instituto de Diagnóstico y Referencia Epidemiológicos (InDRE), Ciudad de México, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Irma Lopez-Martínez
- Instituto de Diagnóstico y Referencia Epidemiológicos (InDRE), Ciudad de México, CDMX, Mexico
| | - José E Ramírez-González
- Instituto de Diagnóstico y Referencia Epidemiológicos (InDRE), Ciudad de México, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Rita Flores-León
- Instituto de Diagnóstico y Referencia Epidemiológicos (InDRE), Ciudad de México, CDMX, Mexico
| | | | - Alison Sanders
- Return to Learn, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Allorah Pradenas
- Return to Learn, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin White
- Return to Learn, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Gary Matthews
- Return to Learn, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Matt Hale
- Return to Learn, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ronald W McLawhon
- Return to Learn, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sharon L Reed
- Return to Learn, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Terri Winbush
- Return to Learn, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sara H Browne
- Division of Infectious Disease and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Specialist in Global Health, Encinitas, CA, USA
| | - Jocelyn Olivas Flores
- Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas e Ingenieria, Universidad Autonoma de Baja California, Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico; University of HealthMx, Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Diana G Rincon Rodríguez
- University of HealthMx, Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Xochicalco, Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Martin Gonzalez Ibarra
- University of HealthMx, Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Xochicalco, Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Luis C Robles Ibarra
- University of HealthMx, Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico; Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Betsy J Arellano Vera
- University of HealthMx, Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico; Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Jonathan Gonzalez Garcia
- University of HealthMx, Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico; SIMNSA, Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico
| | | | - Rob Knight
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Louise C Laurent
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Sanford Consortium of Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Gene W Yeo
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Sanford Consortium of Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Joel O Wertheim
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Xiang Ji
- Department of Mathematics, School of Science and Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Michael Worobey
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Marc A Suchard
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kristian G Andersen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Abraham Campos-Romero
- Innovation and Research Department, Salud Digna, A.C, Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Shirlee Wohl
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mark Zeller
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xu Y, Chow R, Chandereng T, Murdy K, Sinha R, Lee-Ying R, Abedin T, Cheung W, Nguyen T, Pham T, Lee S. Definitive Chemoradiotherapy vs. Trimodal Therapy for Locally Advanced Esophageal or Junctional Adenocarcinoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.07.1049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
4
|
Gibson A, Dean M, Elegbede A, Pabani A, Bebb G, Cheung W. EP05.02-001 Early Treatment Failure Of Consolidation Durvalumab for Unresectable Stage III NSCLC: A Real-World Canadian Cohort. J Thorac Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2022.07.483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
5
|
Litt I, Gibson A, Dean M, Elegbede A, Bebb G, Cheung W, Pabani A. EP08.02-071 Brain Metastases in EGFR-mutant NSCLC: Outcome of Osimertinib +/- Radiation Therapy in a Real-World Canadian Cohort. J Thorac Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2022.07.753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
|
6
|
Ford-Sahibzada C, Dean M, Peters C, Brenner D, Gibson A, D'Silva A, Elegbede A, Tudor R, Bebb G, Cheung W. EP04.02-001 Sex as a Potential Independent Prognostic Factor in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Survival. J Thorac Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2022.07.441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
7
|
Cantú VJ, Belda-Ferre P, Salido RA, Tsai R, Austin B, Jordan W, Asudani M, Walster A, Magallanes CG, Valentine H, Manjoonian A, Wijaya C, Omaleki V, Sanders K, Aigner S, Baer NA, Betty M, Castro-Martínez A, Cheung W, Crescini ES, De Hoff P, Eisner E, Hakim A, Kapadia B, Lastrella AL, Lawrence ES, Ngo TT, Ostrander T, Sathe S, Seaver P, Smoot EW, Carlin AF, Yeo GW, Laurent LC, Manlutac AL, Fielding-Miller R, Knight R. Implementation of Practical Surface SARS-CoV-2 Surveillance in School Settings. mSystems 2022; 7:e0010322. [PMID: 35703437 PMCID: PMC9426517 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00103-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Surface sampling for SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection has shown considerable promise to detect exposure of built environments to infected individuals shedding virus who would not otherwise be detected. Here, we compare two popular sampling media (VTM and SDS) and two popular workflows (Thermo and PerkinElmer) for implementation of a surface sampling program suitable for environmental monitoring in public schools. We find that the SDS/Thermo pipeline shows superior sensitivity and specificity, but that the VTM/PerkinElmer pipeline is still sufficient to support surface surveillance in any indoor setting with stable cohorts of occupants (e.g., schools, prisons, group homes, etc.) and may be used to leverage existing investments in infrastructure. IMPORTANCE The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has claimed the lives of over 5 million people worldwide. Due to high density occupancy of indoor spaces for prolonged periods of time, schools are often of concern for transmission, leading to widespread school closings to combat pandemic spread when cases rise. Since pediatric clinical testing is expensive and difficult from a consent perspective, we have deployed surface sampling in SASEA (Safer at School Early Alert), which allows for detection of SARS-CoV-2 from surfaces within a classroom. In this previous work, we developed a high-throughput method which requires robotic automation and specific reagents that are often not available for public health laboratories such as the San Diego County Public Health Laboratory (SDPHL). Therefore, we benchmarked our method (Thermo pipeline) against SDPHL's (PerkinElmer) more widely used method for the detection and prediction of SARS-CoV-2 exposure. While our method shows superior sensitivity (false-negative rate of 9% versus 27% for SDPHL), the SDPHL pipeline is sufficient to support surface surveillance in indoor settings. These findings are important since they show that existing investments in infrastructure can be leveraged to slow the spread of SARS-CoV-2 not in just the classroom but also in prisons, nursing homes, and other high-risk, indoor settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victor J. Cantú
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Pedro Belda-Ferre
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Rodolfo A. Salido
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Rebecca Tsai
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Brett Austin
- San Diego County Public Health Lab, San Diego, California, USA
| | - William Jordan
- San Diego County Public Health Lab, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Menka Asudani
- San Diego County Public Health Lab, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Amanda Walster
- San Diego County Public Health Lab, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Celestine G. Magallanes
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Sanford Consortium of Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Holly Valentine
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Sanford Consortium of Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Araz Manjoonian
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Carrissa Wijaya
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Vinton Omaleki
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Karenina Sanders
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Stefan Aigner
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Sanford Consortium of Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Nathan A. Baer
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Maryann Betty
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Anelizze Castro-Martínez
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Willi Cheung
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Sanford Consortium of Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Evelyn S. Crescini
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Peter De Hoff
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Sanford Consortium of Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Emily Eisner
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Abbas Hakim
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Bhavika Kapadia
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Alma L. Lastrella
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Elijah S. Lawrence
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Toan T. Ngo
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Tyler Ostrander
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Shashank Sathe
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Sanford Consortium of Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Phoebe Seaver
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Elizabeth W. Smoot
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Aaron F. Carlin
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Gene W. Yeo
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Sanford Consortium of Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Louise C. Laurent
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Sanford Consortium of Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | | | - Rebecca Fielding-Miller
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Rob Knight
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Cantú VJ, Sanders K, Belda-Ferre P, Salido RA, Tsai R, Austin B, Jordan W, Asudani M, Walster A, Magallanes CG, Valentine H, Manjoonian A, Wijaya C, Omaleki V, Aigner S, Baer NA, Betty M, Castro-Martínez A, Cheung W, De Hoff P, Eisner E, Hakim A, Lastrella AL, Lawrence ES, Ngo TT, Ostrander T, Plascencia A, Sathe S, Smoot EW, Carlin AF, Yeo GW, Laurent LC, Manlutac AL, Fielding-Miller R, Knight R. Sentinel Cards Provide Practical SARS-CoV-2 Monitoring in School Settings. mSystems 2022; 7:e0010922. [PMID: 35703436 PMCID: PMC9426498 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00109-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A promising approach to help students safely return to in person learning is through the application of sentinel cards for accurate high resolution environmental monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 traces indoors. Because SARS-CoV-2 RNA can persist for up to a week on several indoor surface materials, there is a need for increased temporal resolution to determine whether consecutive surface positives arise from new infection events or continue to report past events. Cleaning sentinel cards after sampling would provide the needed resolution but might interfere with assay performance. We tested the effect of three cleaning solutions (BZK wipes, Wet Wipes, RNase Away) at three different viral loads: "high" (4 × 104 GE/mL), "medium" (1 × 104 GE/mL), and "low" (2.5 × 103 GE/mL). RNase Away, chosen as a positive control, was the most effective cleaning solution on all three viral loads. Wet Wipes were found to be more effective than BZK wipes in the medium viral load condition. The low viral load condition was easily reset with all three cleaning solutions. These findings will enable temporal SARS-CoV-2 monitoring in indoor environments where transmission risk of the virus is high and the need to avoid individual-level sampling for privacy or compliance reasons exists. IMPORTANCE Because SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, persists on surfaces, testing swabs taken from surfaces is useful as a monitoring tool. This approach is especially valuable in school settings, where there are cost and privacy concerns that are eliminated by taking a single sample from a classroom. However, the virus persists for days to weeks on surface samples, so it is impossible to tell whether positive detection events on consecutive days are a persistent signal or new infectious cases and therefore whether the positive individuals have been successfully removed from the classroom. We compare several methods for cleaning "sentinel cards" to show that this approach can be used to identify new SARS-CoV-2 signals day to day. The results are important for determining how to monitor classrooms and other indoor environments for SARS-CoV-2 virus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victor J. Cantú
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Karenina Sanders
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Pedro Belda-Ferre
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Rodolfo A. Salido
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Rebecca Tsai
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Brett Austin
- San Diego County Public Health Lab, San Diego, California, USA
| | - William Jordan
- San Diego County Public Health Lab, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Menka Asudani
- San Diego County Public Health Lab, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Amanda Walster
- San Diego County Public Health Lab, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Celestine G. Magallanes
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Sanford Consortium of Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Holly Valentine
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Sanford Consortium of Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Araz Manjoonian
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Carrissa Wijaya
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Vinton Omaleki
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Stefan Aigner
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Sanford Consortium of Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Nathan A. Baer
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Maryann Betty
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Anelizze Castro-Martínez
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Willi Cheung
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Sanford Consortium of Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Peter De Hoff
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Sanford Consortium of Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Emily Eisner
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Abbas Hakim
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Alma L. Lastrella
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Elijah S. Lawrence
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Toan T. Ngo
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Tyler Ostrander
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Ashley Plascencia
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Shashank Sathe
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Sanford Consortium of Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Elizabeth W. Smoot
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Aaron F. Carlin
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Gene W. Yeo
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Sanford Consortium of Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Louise C. Laurent
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Sanford Consortium of Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | | | - Rebecca Fielding-Miller
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Rob Knight
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Karthikeyan S, Levy JI, De Hoff P, Humphrey G, Birmingham A, Jepsen K, Farmer S, Tubb HM, Valles T, Tribelhorn CE, Tsai R, Aigner S, Sathe S, Moshiri N, Henson B, Mark AM, Hakim A, Baer NA, Barber T, Belda-Ferre P, Chacón M, Cheung W, Cresini ES, Eisner ER, Lastrella AL, Lawrence ES, Marotz CA, Ngo TT, Ostrander T, Plascencia A, Salido RA, Seaver P, Smoot EW, McDonald D, Neuhard RM, Scioscia AL, Satterlund AM, Simmons EH, Abelman DB, Brenner D, Bruner JC, Buckley A, Ellison M, Gattas J, Gonias SL, Hale M, Hawkins F, Ikeda L, Jhaveri H, Johnson T, Kellen V, Kremer B, Matthews G, McLawhon RW, Ouillet P, Park D, Pradenas A, Reed S, Riggs L, Sanders A, Sollenberger B, Song A, White B, Winbush T, Aceves CM, Anderson C, Gangavarapu K, Hufbauer E, Kurzban E, Lee J, Matteson NL, Parker E, Perkins SA, Ramesh KS, Robles-Sikisaka R, Schwab MA, Spencer E, Wohl S, Nicholson L, Mchardy IH, Dimmock DP, Hobbs CA, Bakhtar O, Harding A, Mendoza A, Bolze A, Becker D, Cirulli ET, Isaksson M, Schiabor Barrett KM, Washington NL, Malone JD, Schafer AM, Gurfield N, Stous S, Fielding-Miller R, Garfein RS, Gaines T, Anderson C, Martin NK, Schooley R, Austin B, MacCannell DR, Kingsmore SF, Lee W, Shah S, McDonald E, Yu AT, Zeller M, Fisch KM, Longhurst C, Maysent P, Pride D, Khosla PK, Laurent LC, Yeo GW, Andersen KG, Knight R. Wastewater sequencing reveals early cryptic SARS-CoV-2 variant transmission. Nature 2022; 609:101-108. [PMID: 35798029 PMCID: PMC9433318 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05049-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
As SARS-CoV-2 continues to spread and evolve, detecting emerging variants early is critical for public health interventions. Inferring lineage prevalence by clinical testing is infeasible at scale, especially in areas with limited resources, participation, or testing and/or sequencing capacity, which can also introduce biases1–3. SARS-CoV-2 RNA concentration in wastewater successfully tracks regional infection dynamics and provides less biased abundance estimates than clinical testing4,5. Tracking virus genomic sequences in wastewater would improve community prevalence estimates and detect emerging variants. However, two factors limit wastewater-based genomic surveillance: low-quality sequence data and inability to estimate relative lineage abundance in mixed samples. Here we resolve these critical issues to perform a high-resolution, 295-day wastewater and clinical sequencing effort, in the controlled environment of a large university campus and the broader context of the surrounding county. We developed and deployed improved virus concentration protocols and deconvolution software that fully resolve multiple virus strains from wastewater. We detected emerging variants of concern up to 14 days earlier in wastewater samples, and identified multiple instances of virus spread not captured by clinical genomic surveillance. Our study provides a scalable solution for wastewater genomic surveillance that allows early detection of SARS-CoV-2 variants and identification of cryptic transmission. Emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern were detected early and multiple cases of virus spread not captured by clinical genomic surveillance were identified using high-resolution wastewater and clinical sequencing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Smruthi Karthikeyan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Joshua I Levy
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Peter De Hoff
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,COVID-19 Detection, Investigation, Surveillance, Clinical, and Outbreak Response, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA, USA
| | - Greg Humphrey
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Amanda Birmingham
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kristen Jepsen
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sawyer Farmer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Helena M Tubb
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tommy Valles
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Rebecca Tsai
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Stefan Aigner
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Shashank Sathe
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Niema Moshiri
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin Henson
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Adam M Mark
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Abbas Hakim
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,COVID-19 Detection, Investigation, Surveillance, Clinical, and Outbreak Response, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA, USA
| | - Nathan A Baer
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tom Barber
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Pedro Belda-Ferre
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Marisol Chacón
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Willi Cheung
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,COVID-19 Detection, Investigation, Surveillance, Clinical, and Outbreak Response, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA, USA
| | - Evelyn S Cresini
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Emily R Eisner
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alma L Lastrella
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Elijah S Lawrence
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Clarisse A Marotz
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Toan T Ngo
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tyler Ostrander
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ashley Plascencia
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Rodolfo A Salido
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Phoebe Seaver
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth W Smoot
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Daniel McDonald
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Robert M Neuhard
- Operational Strategic Initiatives, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Return to Learn, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Angela L Scioscia
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Student Health and Well-Being, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Dismas B Abelman
- Return to Learn, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - David Brenner
- Return to Learn, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Judith C Bruner
- Return to Learn, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Anne Buckley
- Return to Learn, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michael Ellison
- Return to Learn, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey Gattas
- Return to Learn, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Steven L Gonias
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Matt Hale
- Return to Learn, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Faith Hawkins
- Return to Learn, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Lydia Ikeda
- Return to Learn, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Hemlata Jhaveri
- Return to Learn, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ted Johnson
- Return to Learn, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Vince Kellen
- Return to Learn, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Brendan Kremer
- Return to Learn, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Gary Matthews
- Return to Learn, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ronald W McLawhon
- Return to Learn, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Pierre Ouillet
- Return to Learn, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Park
- Return to Learn, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Allorah Pradenas
- Return to Learn, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sharon Reed
- Return to Learn, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Lindsay Riggs
- Return to Learn, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alison Sanders
- Return to Learn, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Angela Song
- Operational Strategic Initiatives, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Return to Learn, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin White
- Return to Learn, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Terri Winbush
- Return to Learn, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Christine M Aceves
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Catelyn Anderson
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Karthik Gangavarapu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Emory Hufbauer
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ezra Kurzban
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Justin Lee
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nathaniel L Matteson
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Edyth Parker
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sarah A Perkins
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Karthik S Ramesh
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Refugio Robles-Sikisaka
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Madison A Schwab
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Emily Spencer
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Shirlee Wohl
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | | | - David P Dimmock
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - John D Malone
- County of San Diego Health and Human Services Agency, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Nikos Gurfield
- County of San Diego Health and Human Services Agency, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Sarah Stous
- County of San Diego Health and Human Services Agency, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Rebecca Fielding-Miller
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Division of Infectious Disease and Global Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Richard S Garfein
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tommi Gaines
- Division of Infectious Disease and Global Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Cheryl Anderson
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Natasha K Martin
- Division of Infectious Disease and Global Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Robert Schooley
- Division of Infectious Disease and Global Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Duncan R MacCannell
- Office of Advanced Molecular Detection, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | - Seema Shah
- County of San Diego Health and Human Services Agency, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Eric McDonald
- County of San Diego Health and Human Services Agency, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Alexander T Yu
- COVID-19 Detection, Investigation, Surveillance, Clinical, and Outbreak Response, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA, USA
| | - Mark Zeller
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kathleen M Fisch
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Christopher Longhurst
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Patty Maysent
- Office of the UC San Diego Health CEO, University of California, San Diego, USA
| | - David Pride
- Departments of Pathology and Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Pradeep K Khosla
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Louise C Laurent
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Sanford Consortium of Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Gene W Yeo
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Sanford Consortium of Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kristian G Andersen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Rob Knight
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. .,Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. .,Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Cantú VJ, Salido RA, Huang S, Rahman G, Tsai R, Valentine H, Magallanes CG, Aigner S, Baer NA, Barber T, Belda-Ferre P, Betty M, Bryant M, Casas Maya M, Castro-Martínez A, Chacón M, Cheung W, Crescini ES, De Hoff P, Eisner E, Farmer S, Hakim A, Kohn L, Lastrella AL, Lawrence ES, Morgan SC, Ngo TT, Nouri A, Plascencia A, Ruiz CA, Sathe S, Seaver P, Shwartz T, Smoot EW, Ostrander RT, Valles T, Yeo GW, Laurent LC, Fielding-Miller R, Knight R. SARS-CoV-2 Distribution in Residential Housing Suggests Contact Deposition and Correlates with Rothia sp. mSystems 2022; 7:e0141121. [PMID: 35575492 PMCID: PMC9239251 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.01411-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Monitoring severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on surfaces is emerging as an important tool for identifying past exposure to individuals shedding viral RNA. Our past work demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) signals from surfaces can identify when infected individuals have touched surfaces and when they have been present in hospital rooms or schools. However, the sensitivity and specificity of surface sampling as a method for detecting the presence of a SARS-CoV-2 positive individual, as well as guidance about where to sample, has not been established. To address these questions and to test whether our past observations linking SARS-CoV-2 abundance to Rothia sp. in hospitals also hold in a residential setting, we performed a detailed spatial sampling of three isolation housing units, assessing each sample for SARS-CoV-2 abundance by RT-qPCR, linking the results to 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequences (to assess the bacterial community at each location), and to the Cq value of the contemporaneous clinical test. Our results showed that the highest SARS-CoV-2 load in this setting is on touched surfaces, such as light switches and faucets, but a detectable signal was present in many untouched surfaces (e.g., floors) that may be more relevant in settings, such as schools where mask-wearing is enforced. As in past studies, the bacterial community predicts which samples are positive for SARS-CoV-2, with Rothia sp. showing a positive association. IMPORTANCE Surface sampling for detecting SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is increasingly being used to locate infected individuals. We tested which indoor surfaces had high versus low viral loads by collecting 381 samples from three residential units where infected individuals resided, and interpreted the results in terms of whether SARS-CoV-2 was likely transmitted directly (e.g., touching a light switch) or indirectly (e.g., by droplets or aerosols settling). We found the highest loads where the subject touched the surface directly, although enough virus was detected on indirectly contacted surfaces to make such locations useful for sampling (e.g., in schools, where students did not touch the light switches and also wore masks such that they had no opportunity to touch their face and then the object). We also documented links between the bacteria present in a sample and the SARS-CoV-2 virus, consistent with earlier studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victor J Cantú
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diegogrid.266100.3, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Rodolfo A Salido
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diegogrid.266100.3, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Shi Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Gibraan Rahman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Rebecca Tsai
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Holly Valentine
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Celestine G Magallanes
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Stefan Aigner
- Sanford Consortium of Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nathan A Baer
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tom Barber
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Pedro Belda-Ferre
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Maryann Betty
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - MacKenzie Bryant
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Martín Casas Maya
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Anelizze Castro-Martínez
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Marisol Chacón
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Willi Cheung
- Sanford Consortium of Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Evelyn S Crescini
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Peter De Hoff
- Sanford Consortium of Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Emily Eisner
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sawyer Farmer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Abbas Hakim
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Laura Kohn
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health, University of California San Diegogrid.266100.3, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alma L Lastrella
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Elijah S Lawrence
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sydney C Morgan
- Sanford Consortium of Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Toan T Ngo
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alhakam Nouri
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ashley Plascencia
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Christopher A Ruiz
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Shashank Sathe
- Sanford Consortium of Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Phoebe Seaver
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tara Shwartz
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth W Smoot
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - R Tyler Ostrander
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Thomas Valles
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Gene W Yeo
- Sanford Consortium of Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Louise C Laurent
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Rebecca Fielding-Miller
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health, University of California San Diegogrid.266100.3, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Rob Knight
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diegogrid.266100.3, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Cheung W, Samimi S, Kassam S, Colwell B, Meyer P, Knight G, Ma K, Eberg M, Mancini J, Alemayehu M, Martinez D, Packalen M, Wani R, Ngan E, Du Y, Inam N. P-28 Real-world observational study of MVASI in metastatic colorectal cancer patients in Canada: Baseline patient characteristics. Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.04.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
|
12
|
Karthikeyan S, Levy JI, De Hoff P, Humphrey G, Birmingham A, Jepsen K, Farmer S, Tubb HM, Valles T, Tribelhorn CE, Tsai R, Aigner S, Sathe S, Moshiri N, Henson B, Mark AM, Hakim A, Baer NA, Barber T, Belda-Ferre P, Chacón M, Cheung W, Cresini ES, Eisner ER, Lastrella AL, Lawrence ES, Marotz CA, Ngo TT, Ostrander T, Plascencia A, Salido RA, Seaver P, Smoot EW, McDonald D, Neuhard RM, Scioscia AL, Satterlund AM, Simmons EH, Abelman DB, Brenner D, Bruner JC, Buckley A, Ellison M, Gattas J, Gonias SL, Hale M, Hawkins F, Ikeda L, Jhaveri H, Johnson T, Kellen V, Kremer B, Matthews G, McLawhon RW, Ouillet P, Park D, Pradenas A, Reed S, Riggs L, Sanders A, Sollenberger B, Song A, White B, Winbush T, Aceves CM, Anderson C, Gangavarapu K, Hufbauer E, Kurzban E, Lee J, Matteson NL, Parker E, Perkins SA, Ramesh KS, Robles-Sikisaka R, Schwab MA, Spencer E, Wohl S, Nicholson L, Mchardy IH, Dimmock DP, Hobbs CA, Bakhtar O, Harding A, Mendoza A, Bolze A, Becker D, Cirulli ET, Isaksson M, Barrett KMS, Washington NL, Malone JD, Schafer AM, Gurfield N, Stous S, Fielding-Miller R, Garfein RS, Gaines T, Anderson C, Martin NK, Schooley R, Austin B, MacCannell DR, Kingsmore SF, Lee W, Shah S, McDonald E, Yu AT, Zeller M, Fisch KM, Longhurst C, Maysent P, Pride D, Khosla PK, Laurent LC, Yeo GW, Andersen KG, Knight R. Wastewater sequencing uncovers early, cryptic SARS-CoV-2 variant transmission. medRxiv 2022:2021.12.21.21268143. [PMID: 35411350 PMCID: PMC8996633 DOI: 10.1101/2021.12.21.21268143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
As SARS-CoV-2 continues to spread and evolve, detecting emerging variants early is critical for public health interventions. Inferring lineage prevalence by clinical testing is infeasible at scale, especially in areas with limited resources, participation, or testing/sequencing capacity, which can also introduce biases. SARS-CoV-2 RNA concentration in wastewater successfully tracks regional infection dynamics and provides less biased abundance estimates than clinical testing. Tracking virus genomic sequences in wastewater would improve community prevalence estimates and detect emerging variants. However, two factors limit wastewater-based genomic surveillance: low-quality sequence data and inability to estimate relative lineage abundance in mixed samples. Here, we resolve these critical issues to perform a high-resolution, 295-day wastewater and clinical sequencing effort, in the controlled environment of a large university campus and the broader context of the surrounding county. We develop and deploy improved virus concentration protocols and deconvolution software that fully resolve multiple virus strains from wastewater. We detect emerging variants of concern up to 14 days earlier in wastewater samples, and identify multiple instances of virus spread not captured by clinical genomic surveillance. Our study provides a scalable solution for wastewater genomic surveillance that allows early detection of SARS-CoV-2 variants and identification of cryptic transmission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Smruthi Karthikeyan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Joshua I Levy
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Peter De Hoff
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- COVID-19 Detection, Investigation, Surveillance, Clinical, and Outbreak Response, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA, USA
| | - Greg Humphrey
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Amanda Birmingham
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kristen Jepsen
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sawyer Farmer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Helena M. Tubb
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tommy Valles
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Rebecca Tsai
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Stefan Aigner
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Shashank Sathe
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Niema Moshiri
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin Henson
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Adam M. Mark
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Abbas Hakim
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- COVID-19 Detection, Investigation, Surveillance, Clinical, and Outbreak Response, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA, USA
| | - Nathan A Baer
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tom Barber
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Pedro Belda-Ferre
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Marisol Chacón
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Willi Cheung
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- COVID-19 Detection, Investigation, Surveillance, Clinical, and Outbreak Response, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA, USA
| | - Evelyn S Cresini
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Emily R Eisner
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alma L Lastrella
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Elijah S Lawrence
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Clarisse A Marotz
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Toan T Ngo
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tyler Ostrander
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ashley Plascencia
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Rodolfo A Salido
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Phoebe Seaver
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth W Smoot
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Daniel McDonald
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Robert M Neuhard
- Operational Strategic Initiatives, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Return to Learn, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Angela L Scioscia
- Student Health and Well-Being, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Dismas B. Abelman
- Return to Learn, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - David Brenner
- Return to Learn, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Judith C. Bruner
- Return to Learn, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Anne Buckley
- Return to Learn, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michael Ellison
- Return to Learn, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey Gattas
- Return to Learn, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Steven L. Gonias
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Matt Hale
- Return to Learn, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Faith Hawkins
- Return to Learn, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Lydia Ikeda
- Return to Learn, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Hemlata Jhaveri
- Return to Learn, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ted Johnson
- Return to Learn, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Vince Kellen
- Return to Learn, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Brendan Kremer
- Return to Learn, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Gary Matthews
- Return to Learn, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Pierre Ouillet
- Return to Learn, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Park
- Return to Learn, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Allorah Pradenas
- Return to Learn, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sharon Reed
- Return to Learn, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Lindsay Riggs
- Return to Learn, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alison Sanders
- Return to Learn, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Angela Song
- Operational Strategic Initiatives, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Return to Learn, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin White
- Return to Learn, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Terri Winbush
- Return to Learn, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Christine M Aceves
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Catelyn Anderson
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Karthik Gangavarapu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Emory Hufbauer
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ezra Kurzban
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Justin Lee
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nathaniel L Matteson
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Edyth Parker
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sarah A Perkins
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Karthik S Ramesh
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Refugio Robles-Sikisaka
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Madison A Schwab
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Emily Spencer
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Shirlee Wohl
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Laura Nicholson
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ian H Mchardy
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - David P Dimmock
- Rady Children’s Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - John D Malone
- County of San Diego Health and Human Services Agency, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Nikos Gurfield
- County of San Diego Health and Human Services Agency, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Sarah Stous
- County of San Diego Health and Human Services Agency, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Rebecca Fielding-Miller
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Division of Infectious Disease and Global Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Richard S. Garfein
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tommi Gaines
- Division of Infectious Disease and Global Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Cheryl Anderson
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Natasha K. Martin
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Robert Schooley
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Duncan R. MacCannell
- Office of Advanced Molecular Detection, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | - Seema Shah
- County of San Diego Health and Human Services Agency, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Eric McDonald
- County of San Diego Health and Human Services Agency, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Alexander T. Yu
- COVID-19 Detection, Investigation, Surveillance, Clinical, and Outbreak Response, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA, USA
| | - Mark Zeller
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kathleen M Fisch
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Christopher Longhurst
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Patty Maysent
- Office of the UC San Diego Health CEO, University of California, San Diego
| | - David Pride
- Departments of Pathology and Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Pradeep K. Khosla
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Louise C. Laurent
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Sanford Consortium of Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Gene W Yeo
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Sanford Consortium of Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Kristian G Andersen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Rob Knight
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Karthikeyan S, Levy JI, De Hoff P, Humphrey G, Birmingham A, Jepsen K, Farmer S, Tubb HM, Valles T, Tribelhorn CE, Tsai R, Aigner S, Sathe S, Moshiri N, Henson B, Mark AM, Hakim A, Baer NA, Barber T, Belda-Ferre P, Chacón M, Cheung W, Cresini ES, Eisner ER, Lastrella AL, Lawrence ES, Marotz CA, Ngo TT, Ostrander T, Plascencia A, Salido RA, Seaver P, Smoot EW, McDonald D, Neuhard RM, Scioscia AL, Satterlund AM, Simmons EH, Abelman DB, Brenner D, Bruner JC, Buckley A, Ellison M, Gattas J, Gonias SL, Hale M, Hawkins F, Ikeda L, Jhaveri H, Johnson T, Kellen V, Kremer B, Matthews G, McLawhon RW, Ouillet P, Park D, Pradenas A, Reed S, Riggs L, Sanders A, Sollenberger B, Song A, White B, Winbush T, Aceves CM, Anderson C, Gangavarapu K, Hufbauer E, Kurzban E, Lee J, Matteson NL, Parker E, Perkins SA, Ramesh KS, Robles-Sikisaka R, Schwab MA, Spencer E, Wohl S, Nicholson L, Mchardy IH, Dimmock DP, Hobbs CA, Bakhtar O, Harding A, Mendoza A, Bolze A, Becker D, Cirulli ET, Isaksson M, Barrett KMS, Washington NL, Malone JD, Schafer AM, Gurfield N, Stous S, Fielding-Miller R, Garfein RS, Gaines T, Anderson C, Martin NK, Schooley R, Austin B, MacCannell DR, Kingsmore SF, Lee W, Shah S, McDonald E, Yu AT, Zeller M, Fisch KM, Longhurst C, Maysent P, Pride D, Khosla PK, Laurent LC, Yeo GW, Andersen KG, Knight R. Wastewater sequencing uncovers early, cryptic SARS-CoV-2 variant transmission. medRxiv 2022. [PMID: 35411350 DOI: 10.1101/2022.01.27.22269965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
As SARS-CoV-2 continues to spread and evolve, detecting emerging variants early is critical for public health interventions. Inferring lineage prevalence by clinical testing is infeasible at scale, especially in areas with limited resources, participation, or testing/sequencing capacity, which can also introduce biases. SARS-CoV-2 RNA concentration in wastewater successfully tracks regional infection dynamics and provides less biased abundance estimates than clinical testing. Tracking virus genomic sequences in wastewater would improve community prevalence estimates and detect emerging variants. However, two factors limit wastewater-based genomic surveillance: low-quality sequence data and inability to estimate relative lineage abundance in mixed samples. Here, we resolve these critical issues to perform a high-resolution, 295-day wastewater and clinical sequencing effort, in the controlled environment of a large university campus and the broader context of the surrounding county. We develop and deploy improved virus concentration protocols and deconvolution software that fully resolve multiple virus strains from wastewater. We detect emerging variants of concern up to 14 days earlier in wastewater samples, and identify multiple instances of virus spread not captured by clinical genomic surveillance. Our study provides a scalable solution for wastewater genomic surveillance that allows early detection of SARS-CoV-2 variants and identification of cryptic transmission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Smruthi Karthikeyan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Joshua I Levy
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Peter De Hoff
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- COVID-19 Detection, Investigation, Surveillance, Clinical, and Outbreak Response, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA, USA
| | - Greg Humphrey
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Amanda Birmingham
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kristen Jepsen
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sawyer Farmer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Helena M Tubb
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tommy Valles
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Rebecca Tsai
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Stefan Aigner
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Shashank Sathe
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Niema Moshiri
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin Henson
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Adam M Mark
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Abbas Hakim
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- COVID-19 Detection, Investigation, Surveillance, Clinical, and Outbreak Response, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA, USA
| | - Nathan A Baer
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tom Barber
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Pedro Belda-Ferre
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Marisol Chacón
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Willi Cheung
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- COVID-19 Detection, Investigation, Surveillance, Clinical, and Outbreak Response, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA, USA
| | - Evelyn S Cresini
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Emily R Eisner
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alma L Lastrella
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Elijah S Lawrence
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Clarisse A Marotz
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Toan T Ngo
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tyler Ostrander
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ashley Plascencia
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Rodolfo A Salido
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Phoebe Seaver
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth W Smoot
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Daniel McDonald
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Robert M Neuhard
- Operational Strategic Initiatives, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Return to Learn, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Angela L Scioscia
- Student Health and Well-Being, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Dismas B Abelman
- Return to Learn, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - David Brenner
- Return to Learn, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Judith C Bruner
- Return to Learn, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Anne Buckley
- Return to Learn, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michael Ellison
- Return to Learn, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey Gattas
- Return to Learn, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Steven L Gonias
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Matt Hale
- Return to Learn, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Faith Hawkins
- Return to Learn, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Lydia Ikeda
- Return to Learn, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Hemlata Jhaveri
- Return to Learn, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ted Johnson
- Return to Learn, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Vince Kellen
- Return to Learn, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Brendan Kremer
- Return to Learn, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Gary Matthews
- Return to Learn, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ronald W McLawhon
- Return to Learn, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Pierre Ouillet
- Return to Learn, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Park
- Return to Learn, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Allorah Pradenas
- Return to Learn, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sharon Reed
- Return to Learn, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Lindsay Riggs
- Return to Learn, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alison Sanders
- Return to Learn, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Angela Song
- Operational Strategic Initiatives, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Return to Learn, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin White
- Return to Learn, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Terri Winbush
- Return to Learn, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Christine M Aceves
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Catelyn Anderson
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Karthik Gangavarapu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Emory Hufbauer
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ezra Kurzban
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Justin Lee
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nathaniel L Matteson
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Edyth Parker
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sarah A Perkins
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Karthik S Ramesh
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Refugio Robles-Sikisaka
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Madison A Schwab
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Emily Spencer
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Shirlee Wohl
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Laura Nicholson
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ian H Mchardy
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - David P Dimmock
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - John D Malone
- County of San Diego Health and Human Services Agency, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Nikos Gurfield
- County of San Diego Health and Human Services Agency, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Sarah Stous
- County of San Diego Health and Human Services Agency, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Rebecca Fielding-Miller
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Division of Infectious Disease and Global Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Richard S Garfein
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tommi Gaines
- Division of Infectious Disease and Global Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Cheryl Anderson
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Natasha K Martin
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Robert Schooley
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Duncan R MacCannell
- Office of Advanced Molecular Detection, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | - Seema Shah
- County of San Diego Health and Human Services Agency, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Eric McDonald
- County of San Diego Health and Human Services Agency, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Alexander T Yu
- COVID-19 Detection, Investigation, Surveillance, Clinical, and Outbreak Response, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA, USA
| | - Mark Zeller
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kathleen M Fisch
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Christopher Longhurst
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Patty Maysent
- Office of the UC San Diego Health CEO, University of California, San Diego
| | - David Pride
- Departments of Pathology and Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Pradeep K Khosla
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Louise C Laurent
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Sanford Consortium of Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Gene W Yeo
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Sanford Consortium of Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Kristian G Andersen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Rob Knight
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Cantú VJ, Salido RA, Huang S, Rahman G, Tsai R, Valentine H, Magallanes CG, Aigner S, Baer NA, Barber T, Belda-Ferre P, Betty M, Bryant M, Maya MC, Castro-Martínez A, Chacón M, Cheung W, Crescini ES, De Hoff P, Eisner E, Farmer S, Hakim A, Kohn L, Lastrella AL, Lawrence ES, Morgan SC, Ngo TT, Nouri A, Ostrander RT, Plascencia A, Ruiz CA, Sathe S, Seaver P, Shwartz T, Smoot EW, Valles T, Yeo GW, Laurent LC, Fielding-Miller R, Knight R. SARS-CoV-2 Distribution in Residential Housing Suggests Contact Deposition and Correlates with Rothia sp. medRxiv 2021. [PMID: 34909793 DOI: 10.1101/2021.03.16.21253743v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Monitoring severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on surfaces is emerging as an important tool for identifying past exposure to individuals shedding viral RNA. Our past work has demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) signals from surfaces can identify when infected individuals have touched surfaces such as Halloween candy, and when they have been present in hospital rooms or schools. However, the sensitivity and specificity of surface sampling as a method for detecting the presence of a SARS-CoV-2 positive individual, as well as guidance about where to sample, has not been established. To address these questions, and to test whether our past observations linking SARS-CoV-2 abundance to Rothia spp. in hospitals also hold in a residential setting, we performed detailed spatial sampling of three isolation housing units, assessing each sample for SARS-CoV-2 abundance by RT-qPCR, linking the results to 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequences to assess the bacterial community at each location and to the Cq value of the contemporaneous clinical test. Our results show that the highest SARS-CoV-2 load in this setting is on touched surfaces such as light switches and faucets, but detectable signal is present in many non-touched surfaces that may be more relevant in settings such as schools where mask wearing is enforced. As in past studies, the bacterial community predicts which samples are positive for SARS-CoV-2, with Rothia sp. showing a positive association. IMPORTANCE Surface sampling for detecting SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is increasingly being used to locate infected individuals. We tested which indoor surfaces had high versus low viral loads by collecting 381 samples from three residential units where infected individuals resided, and interpreted the results in terms of whether SARS-CoV-2 was likely transmitted directly (e.g. touching a light switch) or indirectly (e.g. by droplets or aerosols settling). We found highest loads where the subject touched the surface directly, although enough virus was detected on indirectly contacted surfaces to make such locations useful for sampling (e.g. in schools, where students do not touch the light switches and also wear masks so they have no opportunity to touch their face and then the object). We also documented links between the bacteria present in a sample and the SARS-CoV-2 virus, consistent with earlier studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victor J Cantú
- These authors contributed equally.,Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Rodolfo A Salido
- These authors contributed equally.,Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Shi Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Gibraan Rahman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA.,Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Rebecca Tsai
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Holly Valentine
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, USA.,Sanford Consortium of Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Celestine G Magallanes
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, USA.,Sanford Consortium of Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Stefan Aigner
- Sanford Consortium of Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA.,Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA.,Dept of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Nathan A Baer
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Tom Barber
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Pedro Belda-Ferre
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Maryann Betty
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA.,Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA.,Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA
| | - MacKenzie Bryant
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Martin Casas Maya
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Anelizze Castro-Martínez
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Marisol Chacón
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Willi Cheung
- Sanford Consortium of Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA.,Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA.,San Diego State University, San Diego, CA
| | - Evelyn S Crescini
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Peter De Hoff
- Sanford Consortium of Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA.,Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, USA
| | - Emily Eisner
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Sawyer Farmer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Abbas Hakim
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Laura Kohn
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health, University of California, San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Alma L Lastrella
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Elijah S Lawrence
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Sydney C Morgan
- Sanford Consortium of Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Toan T Ngo
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Alhakam Nouri
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - R Tyler Ostrander
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Ashley Plascencia
- Sanford Consortium of Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA.,Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA.,Dept of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Christopher A Ruiz
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Shashank Sathe
- Sanford Consortium of Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA.,Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA.,Dept of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Phoebe Seaver
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Tara Shwartz
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Elizabeth W Smoot
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Thomas Valles
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Gene W Yeo
- Sanford Consortium of Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA.,Dept of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Louise C Laurent
- Sanford Consortium of Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, USA
| | - Rebecca Fielding-Miller
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health, University of California, San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Rob Knight
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.,Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Center for Microbiome Innovation, Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Cantú VJ, Salido RA, Huang S, Rahman G, Tsai R, Valentine H, Magallanes CG, Aigner S, Baer NA, Barber T, Belda-Ferre P, Betty M, Bryant M, Maya MC, Castro-Martínez A, Chacón M, Cheung W, Crescini ES, De Hoff P, Eisner E, Farmer S, Hakim A, Kohn L, Lastrella AL, Lawrence ES, Morgan SC, Ngo TT, Nouri A, Ostrander RT, Plascencia A, Ruiz CA, Sathe S, Seaver P, Shwartz T, Smoot EW, Valles T, Yeo GW, Laurent LC, Fielding-Miller R, Knight R. SARS-CoV-2 Distribution in Residential Housing Suggests Contact Deposition and Correlates with Rothia sp. medRxiv 2021:2021.12.06.21267101. [PMID: 34909793 PMCID: PMC8669860 DOI: 10.1101/2021.12.06.21267101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Monitoring severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on surfaces is emerging as an important tool for identifying past exposure to individuals shedding viral RNA. Our past work has demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) signals from surfaces can identify when infected individuals have touched surfaces such as Halloween candy, and when they have been present in hospital rooms or schools. However, the sensitivity and specificity of surface sampling as a method for detecting the presence of a SARS-CoV-2 positive individual, as well as guidance about where to sample, has not been established. To address these questions, and to test whether our past observations linking SARS-CoV-2 abundance to Rothia spp. in hospitals also hold in a residential setting, we performed detailed spatial sampling of three isolation housing units, assessing each sample for SARS-CoV-2 abundance by RT-qPCR, linking the results to 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequences to assess the bacterial community at each location and to the Cq value of the contemporaneous clinical test. Our results show that the highest SARS-CoV-2 load in this setting is on touched surfaces such as light switches and faucets, but detectable signal is present in many non-touched surfaces that may be more relevant in settings such as schools where mask wearing is enforced. As in past studies, the bacterial community predicts which samples are positive for SARS-CoV-2, with Rothia sp. showing a positive association. IMPORTANCE Surface sampling for detecting SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is increasingly being used to locate infected individuals. We tested which indoor surfaces had high versus low viral loads by collecting 381 samples from three residential units where infected individuals resided, and interpreted the results in terms of whether SARS-CoV-2 was likely transmitted directly (e.g. touching a light switch) or indirectly (e.g. by droplets or aerosols settling). We found highest loads where the subject touched the surface directly, although enough virus was detected on indirectly contacted surfaces to make such locations useful for sampling (e.g. in schools, where students do not touch the light switches and also wear masks so they have no opportunity to touch their face and then the object). We also documented links between the bacteria present in a sample and the SARS-CoV-2 virus, consistent with earlier studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victor J Cantú
- These authors contributed equally
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Rodolfo A Salido
- These authors contributed equally
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Shi Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Gibraan Rahman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Rebecca Tsai
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Holly Valentine
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, USA
- Sanford Consortium of Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Celestine G Magallanes
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, USA
- Sanford Consortium of Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Stefan Aigner
- Sanford Consortium of Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Dept of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Nathan A Baer
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Tom Barber
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Pedro Belda-Ferre
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Maryann Betty
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA
| | - MacKenzie Bryant
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Martin Casas Maya
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Anelizze Castro-Martínez
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Marisol Chacón
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Willi Cheung
- Sanford Consortium of Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- San Diego State University, San Diego, CA
| | - Evelyn S Crescini
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Peter De Hoff
- Sanford Consortium of Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, USA
| | - Emily Eisner
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Sawyer Farmer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Abbas Hakim
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Laura Kohn
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health, University of California, San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Alma L Lastrella
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Elijah S Lawrence
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Sydney C Morgan
- Sanford Consortium of Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Toan T Ngo
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Alhakam Nouri
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - R Tyler Ostrander
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Ashley Plascencia
- Sanford Consortium of Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Dept of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Christopher A Ruiz
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Shashank Sathe
- Sanford Consortium of Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Dept of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Phoebe Seaver
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Tara Shwartz
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Elizabeth W Smoot
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Thomas Valles
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Gene W Yeo
- Sanford Consortium of Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Dept of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Louise C Laurent
- Sanford Consortium of Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, USA
| | - Rebecca Fielding-Miller
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health, University of California, San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Rob Knight
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Salido RA, Cantú VJ, Clark AE, Leibel SL, Foroughishafiei A, Saha A, Hakim A, Nouri A, Lastrella AL, Castro-Martínez A, Plascencia A, Kapadia B, Xia B, Ruiz C, Marotz CA, Maunder D, Lawrence ES, Smoot EW, Eisner E, Crescini ES, Kohn L, Vargas LF, Chacón M, Betty M, Machnicki M, Wu MY, Baer NA, Belda-Ferre P, Hoff PD, Seaver P, Ostrander RT, Tsai R, Sathe S, Aigner S, Morgan SC, Ngo TT, Barber T, Cheung W, Carlin AF, Yeo GW, Laurent LC, Fielding-Miller R, Knight R. Comparison of heat-inactivated and infectious SARS-CoV-2 across indoor surface materials shows comparable RT-qPCR viral signal intensity and persistence. bioRxiv 2021:2021.07.16.452756. [PMID: 34312621 PMCID: PMC8312891 DOI: 10.1101/2021.07.16.452756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Environmental monitoring in public spaces can be used to identify surfaces contaminated by persons with COVID-19 and inform appropriate infection mitigation responses. Research groups have reported detection of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on surfaces days or weeks after the virus has been deposited, making it difficult to estimate when an infected individual may have shed virus onto a SARS-CoV-2 positive surface, which in turn complicates the process of establishing effective quarantine measures. In this study, we determined that reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) detection of viral RNA from heat-inactivated particles experiences minimal decay over seven days of monitoring on eight out of nine surfaces tested. The properties of the studied surfaces result in RT-qPCR signatures that can be segregated into two material categories, rough and smooth, where smooth surfaces have a lower limit of detection. RT-qPCR signal intensity (average quantification cycle (Cq)) can be correlated to surface viral load using only one linear regression model per material category. The same experiment was performed with infectious viral particles on one surface from each category, with essentially identical results. The stability of RT-qPCR viral signal demonstrates the need to clean monitored surfaces after sampling to establish temporal resolution. Additionally, these findings can be used to minimize the number of materials and time points tested and allow for the use of heat-inactivated viral particles when optimizing environmental monitoring methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo A Salido
- These authors contributed equally
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Victor J Cantú
- These authors contributed equally
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Alex E Clark
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine; University of California San Diego School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Sandra L Leibel
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Sanford Consortium of Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Anahid Foroughishafiei
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Anushka Saha
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Abbas Hakim
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Alhakam Nouri
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Alma L Lastrella
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Anelizze Castro-Martínez
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Ashley Plascencia
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Bhavika Kapadia
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Bing Xia
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Christopher Ruiz
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Clarisse A Marotz
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Daniel Maunder
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Elijah S Lawrence
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Elizabeth W Smoot
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Emily Eisner
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Evelyn S Crescini
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Laura Kohn
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health, University of California, San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Lizbeth Franco Vargas
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Marisol Chacón
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Maryann Betty
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA
| | - Michal Machnicki
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Min Yi Wu
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Nathan A Baer
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Pedro Belda-Ferre
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Peter De Hoff
- Sanford Consortium of Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, USA
| | - Phoebe Seaver
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - R Tyler Ostrander
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Rebecca Tsai
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Shashank Sathe
- Sanford Consortium of Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Dept of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Stefan Aigner
- Sanford Consortium of Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Dept of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Sydney C Morgan
- Sanford Consortium of Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, USA
| | - Toan T Ngo
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Tom Barber
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Willi Cheung
- Sanford Consortium of Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- San Diego State University, San Diego, CA
| | - Aaron F Carlin
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine; University of California San Diego School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Gene W Yeo
- Sanford Consortium of Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Dept of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Louise C Laurent
- Sanford Consortium of Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, USA
| | - Rebecca Fielding-Miller
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health, University of California, San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093
- Co-corresponding authors
| | - Rob Knight
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Co-corresponding authors
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abraham A, Joseph K, Thai J, Ghosh S, Cheung W, Xu Y, Severin D, Tankel K, Nijjar T, Usmani N. Lack Of Benefit Of Increasing Radiation Dose Beyond Conventional Doses In Patients Receiving Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation For Rectal Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.07.1849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
18
|
Abraham A, Usmani N, Warkentin B, Thai J, Yun J, Ghosh S, Cheung W, Xu Y, Nijjar T, Severin D, Tankel K, Joseph K. Dosimetric Parameters Predicting Late Small Bowel Toxicity In Rectal Cancer Patients Receiving Neo-Adjuvant Chemo-Radiation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.07.1868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
19
|
Freeman E, Cheung W, Kavnoudias H, Majeed A, Kemp W, Roberts SK. Irreversible Electroporation For Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Longer-Term Outcomes At A Single Centre. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2020; 44:247-253. [PMID: 33051707 DOI: 10.1007/s00270-020-02666-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a non-thermal ablation technique for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) not amenable to standard thermal ablation. The aim of this study was to report our longer-term outcomes using this treatment modality. METHOD We identified all patients at our institution who underwent IRE for HCC between December 2008 and October 2019 as recommended after multi-disciplinary team review. Demographic, clinical, tumour response and survival data up until 1 March, 2020 were analysed. The primary outcome was local recurrence-free survival (LRFS) in patients who had a complete response (CR). Secondary outcomes included CR rates, procedure-related complications and the incidence of death or liver transplantation. RESULTS A total of 23 patients (78% males, median age 65.2 years) received IRE therapy to 33 HCC lesions during the study period with the median tumour size being 2.0 cm (range 1.0-5.0 cm). Twenty-nine (87.9%) lesions were successfully ablated after one (n = 26) or two (n = 3) procedures. The median follow-up time for these lesions was 20.4 months. The median overall LRFS was 34.5 (95% CI 24.8 -) months with a 6- and 12-month LRFS of 87.9% (95% CI 75.8-100) and 83.6% (95% CI 70.2-99.7), respectively. Tumours < 2 cm had a 12-month LRFS of 100% (95% CI 100-100). CONCLUSION IRE appears to be an efficacious local ablative method for early stage HCC not amenable to standard ablative techniques, with very good CR rates and longer-term LRFS, particularly for smaller lesions. Further studies comparing this technique to more widely accepted ablative methods such as radiofrequency and microwave ablation are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Freeman
- Department of Gastroenterology, Alfred Hospital, The Alfred55 Commercial Rd, Melbourne, 3004, Australia
| | - W Cheung
- Department of Radiology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - H Kavnoudias
- Department of Radiology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - A Majeed
- Department of Gastroenterology, Alfred Hospital, The Alfred55 Commercial Rd, Melbourne, 3004, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - W Kemp
- Department of Gastroenterology, Alfred Hospital, The Alfred55 Commercial Rd, Melbourne, 3004, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - S K Roberts
- Department of Gastroenterology, Alfred Hospital, The Alfred55 Commercial Rd, Melbourne, 3004, Australia. .,Department of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Batra A, Cuthbert C, Harper A, Boyne D, Yang L, Cheung W. P-239 Patient-reported outcomes in patients with metastatic gastric and esophageal cancers near end-of-life. Ann Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.04.321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
|
21
|
Batra A, Cuthbert C, Yang L, Harper A, Boyne D, Cheung W. PD-11 Impact of baseline symptom burden as assessed by patient-reported outcomes on overall survival of patients with metastatic gastrointestinal cancer. Ann Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.04.467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
|
22
|
McLean KA, Ahmed WUR, Akhbari M, Claireaux HA, English C, Frost J, Henshall DE, Khan M, Kwek I, Nicola M, Rehman S, Varghese S, Drake TM, Bell S, Nepogodiev D, McLean KA, Drake TM, Glasbey JC, Borakati A, Drake TM, Kamarajah S, McLean KA, Bath MF, Claireaux HA, Gundogan B, Mohan M, Deekonda P, Kong C, Joyce H, Mcnamee L, Woin E, Burke J, Khatri C, Fitzgerald JE, Harrison EM, Bhangu A, Nepogodiev D, Arulkumaran N, Bell S, Duthie F, Hughes J, Pinkney TD, Prowle J, Richards T, Thomas M, Dynes K, Patel M, Patel P, Wigley C, Suresh R, Shaw A, Klimach S, Jull P, Evans D, Preece R, Ibrahim I, Manikavasagar V, Smith R, Brown FS, Deekonda P, Teo R, Sim DPY, Borakati A, Logan AE, Barai I, Amin H, Suresh S, Sethi R, Bolton W, Corbridge O, Horne L, Attalla M, Morley R, Robinson C, Hoskins T, McAllister R, Lee S, Dennis Y, Nixon G, Heywood E, Wilson H, Ng L, Samaraweera S, Mills A, Doherty C, Woin E, Belchos J, Phan V, Chouari T, Gardner T, Goergen N, Hayes JDB, MacLeod CS, McCormack R, McKinley A, McKinstry S, Milligan W, Ooi L, Rafiq NM, Sammut T, Sinclair E, Smith M, Baker C, Boulton APR, Collins J, Copley HC, Fearnhead N, Fox H, Mah T, McKenna J, Naruka V, Nigam N, Nourallah B, Perera S, Qureshi A, Saggar S, Sun L, Wang X, Yang DD, Caroll P, Doyle C, Elangovan S, Falamarzi A, Perai KG, Greenan E, Jain D, Lang-Orsini M, Lim S, O'Byrne L, Ridgway P, Van der Laan S, Wong J, Arthur J, Barclay J, Bradley P, Edwin C, Finch E, Hayashi E, Hopkins M, Kelly D, Kelly M, McCartan N, Ormrod A, Pakenham A, Hayward J, Hitchen C, Kishore A, Martins T, Philomen J, Rao R, Rickards C, Burns N, Copeland M, Durand C, Dyal A, Ghaffar A, Gidwani A, Grant M, Gribbon C, Gruhn A, Leer M, Ahmad K, Beattie G, Beatty M, Campbell G, Donaldson G, Graham S, Holmes D, Kanabar S, Liu H, McCann C, Stewart R, Vara S, Ajibola-Taylor O, Andah EJE, Ani C, Cabdi NMO, Ito G, Jones M, Komoriyama A, Patel P, Titu L, Basra M, Gallogly P, Harinath G, Leong SH, Pradhan A, Siddiqui I, Zaat S, Ali A, Galea M, Looi WL, Ng JCK, Atkin G, Azizi A, Cargill Z, China Z, Elliot J, Jebakumar R, Lam J, Mudalige G, Onyerindu C, Renju M, Babu VS, Hussain M, Joji N, Lovett B, Mownah H, Ali B, Cresswell B, Dhillon AK, Dupaguntla YS, Hungwe C, Lowe-Zinola JD, Tsang JCH, Bevan K, Cardus C, Duggal A, Hossain S, McHugh M, Scott M, Chan F, Evans R, Gurung E, Haughey B, Jacob-Ramsdale B, Kerr M, Lee J, McCann E, O'Boyle K, Reid N, Hayat F, Hodgson S, Johnston R, Jones W, Khan M, Linn T, Long S, Seetharam P, Shaman S, Smart B, Anilkumar A, Davies J, Griffith J, Hughes B, Islam Y, Kidanu D, Mushaini N, Qamar I, Robinson H, Schramm M, Tan CY, Apperley H, Billyard C, Blazeby JM, Cannon SP, Carse S, Göpfert A, Loizidou A, Parkin J, Sanders E, Sharma S, Slade G, Telfer R, Huppatz IW, Worley E, Chandramoorthy L, Friend C, Harris L, Jain P, Karim MJ, Killington K, McGillicuddy J, Rafferty C, Rahunathan N, Rayne T, Varathan Y, Verma N, Zanichelli D, Arneill M, Brown F, Campbell B, Crozier L, Henry J, McCusker C, Prabakaran P, Wilson R, Asif U, Connor M, Dindyal S, Math N, Pagarkar A, Saleem H, Seth I, Sharma S, Standfield N, Swartbol T, Adamson R, Choi JE, El Tokhy O, Ho W, Javaid NR, Kelly M, Mehdi AS, Menon D, Plumptre I, Sturrock S, Turner J, Warren O, Crane E, Ferris B, Gadsby C, Smallwood J, Vipond M, Wilson V, Amarnath T, Doshi A, Gregory C, Kandiah K, Powell B, Spoor H, Toh C, Vizor R, Common M, Dunleavy K, Harris S, Luo C, Mesbah Z, Kumar AP, Redmond A, Skulsky S, Walsh T, Daly D, Deery L, Epanomeritakis E, Harty M, Kane D, Khan K, Mackey R, McConville J, McGinnity K, Nixon G, Ang A, Kee JY, Leung E, Norman S, Palaniappan SV, Sarathy PP, Yeoh T, Frost J, Hazeldine P, Jones L, Karbowiak M, Macdonald C, Mutarambirwa A, Omotade A, Runkel M, Ryan G, Sawers N, Searle C, Suresh S, Vig S, Ahmad A, McGartland R, Sim R, Song A, Wayman J, Brown R, Chang LH, Concannon K, Crilly C, Arnold TJ, Burgin A, Cadden F, Choy CH, Coleman M, Lim D, Luk J, Mahankali-Rao P, Prudence-Taylor AJ, Ramakrishnan D, Russell J, Fawole A, Gohil J, Green B, Hussain A, McMenamin L, McMenamin L, Tang M, Azmi F, Benchetrit S, Cope T, Haque A, Harlinska A, Holdsworth R, Ivo T, Martin J, Nisar T, Patel A, Sasapu K, Trevett J, Vernet G, Aamir A, Bird C, Durham-Hall A, Gibson W, Hartley J, May N, Maynard V, Johnson S, Wood CM, O'Brien M, Orbell J, Stringfellow TD, Tenters F, Tresidder S, Cheung W, Grant A, Tod N, Bews-Hair M, Lim ZH, Lim SW, Vella-Baldacchino M, Auckburally S, Chopada A, Easdon S, Goodson R, McCurdie F, Narouz M, Radford A, Rea E, Taylor O, Yu T, Alfa-Wali M, Amani L, Auluck I, Bruce P, Emberton J, Kumar R, Lagzouli N, Mehta A, Murtaza A, Raja M, Dennahy IS, Frew K, Given A, He YY, Karim MA, MacDonald E, McDonald E, McVinnie D, Ng SK, Pettit A, Sim DPY, Berthaume-Hawkins SD, Charnley R, Fenton K, Jones D, Murphy C, Ng JQ, Reehal R, Robinson H, Seraj SS, Shang E, Tonks A, White P, Yeo A, Chong P, Gabriel R, Patel N, Richardson E, Symons L, Aubrey-Jones D, Dawood S, Dobrzynska M, Faulkner S, Griffiths H, Mahmood F, Patel P, Perry M, Power A, Simpson R, Ali A, Brobbey P, Burrows A, Elder P, Ganyani R, Horseman C, Hurst P, Mann H, Marimuthu K, McBride S, Pilsworth E, Powers N, Stanier P, Innes R, Kersey T, Kopczynska M, Langasco N, Patel N, Rajagopal R, Atkins B, Beasley W, Lim ZC, Gill A, Ang HL, Williams H, Yogeswara T, Carter R, Fam M, Fong J, Latter J, Long M, Mackinnon S, McKenzie C, Osmanska J, Raghuvir V, Shafi A, Tsang K, Walker L, Bountra K, Coldicutt O, Fletcher D, Hudson S, Iqbal S, Bernal TL, Martin JWB, Moss-Lawton F, Smallwood J, Vipond M, Cardwell A, Edgerton K, Laws J, Rai A, Robinson K, Waite K, Ward J, Youssef H, Knight C, Koo PY, Lazarou A, Stanger S, Thorn C, Triniman MC, Botha A, Boyles L, Cumming S, Deepak S, Ezzat A, Fowler AJ, Gwozdz AM, Hussain SF, Khan S, Li H, Morrell BL, Neville J, Nitiahpapand R, Pickering O, Sagoo H, Sharma E, Welsh K, Denley S, Khan S, Agarwal M, Al-Saadi N, Bhambra R, Gupta A, Jawad ZAR, Jiao LR, Khan K, Mahir G, Singagireson S, Thoms BL, Tseu B, Wei R, Yang N, Britton N, Leinhardt D, Mahfooz M, Palkhi A, Price M, Sheikh S, Barker M, Bowley D, Cant M, Datta U, Farooqi M, Lee A, Morley G, Amin MN, Parry A, Patel S, Strang S, Yoganayagam N, Adlan A, Chandramoorthy S, Choudhary Y, Das K, Feldman M, France B, Grace R, Puddy H, Soor P, Ali M, Dhillon P, Faraj A, Gerard L, Glover M, Imran H, Kim S, Patrick Y, Peto J, Prabhudesai A, Smith R, Tang A, Vadgama N, Dhaliwal R, Ecclestone T, Harris A, Ong D, Patel D, Philp C, Stewart E, Wang L, Wong E, Xu Y, Ashaye T, Fozard T, Galloway F, Kaptanis S, Mistry P, Nguyen T, Olagbaiye F, Osman M, Philip Z, Rembacken R, Tayeh S, Theodoropoulou K, Herman A, Lau J, Saha A, Trotter M, Adeleye O, Cave D, Gunwa T, Magalhães J, Makwana S, Mason R, Parish M, Regan H, Renwick P, Roberts G, Salekin D, Sivakumar C, Tariq A, Liew I, McDade A, Stewart D, Hague M, Hudson-Peacock N, Jackson CES, James F, Pitt J, Walker EY, Aftab R, Ang JJ, Anwar S, Battle J, Budd E, Chui J, Crook H, Davies P, Easby S, Hackney E, Ho B, Imam SZ, Rammell J, Andrews H, Perry C, Schinle P, Ahmed P, Aquilina T, Balai E, Church M, Cumber E, Curtis A, Davies G, Dennis Y, Dumann E, Greenhalgh S, Kim P, King S, Metcalfe KHM, Passby L, Redgrave N, Soonawalla Z, Waters S, Zornoza A, Gulzar I, Hole J, Hull K, Ishaq H, Karaj J, Kelkar A, Love E, Patel S, Thakrar D, Vine M, Waterman A, Dib NP, Francis N, Hanson M, Ingleton R, Sadanand KS, Sukirthan N, Arnell S, Ball M, Bassam N, Beghal G, Chang A, Dawe V, George A, Huq T, Hussain A, Ikram B, Kanapeckaite L, Khan M, Ramjas D, Rushd A, Sait S, Serry M, Yardimci E, Capella S, Chenciner L, Episkopos C, Karam E, McCarthy C, Moore-Kelly W, Watson N, Ahluwalia V, Barnfield J, Ben-Gal O, Bloom I, Gharatya A, Khodatars K, Merchant N, Moonan A, Moore M, Patel K, Spiers H, Sundaram K, Turner J, Bath MF, Black J, Chadwick H, Huisman L, Ingram H, Khan S, Martin L, Metcalfe M, Sangal P, Seehra J, Thatcher A, Venturini S, Whitcroft I, Afzal Z, Brown S, Gani A, Gomaa A, Hussein N, Oh SY, Pazhaniappan N, Sharkey E, Sivagnanasithiyar T, Williams C, Yeung J, Cruddas L, Gurjar S, Pau A, Prakash R, Randhawa R, Chen L, Eiben I, Naylor M, Osei-Bordom D, Trenear R, Bannard-Smith J, Griffiths N, Patel BY, Saeed F, Abdikadir H, Bennett M, Church R, Clements SE, Court J, Delvi A, Hubert J, Macdonald B, Mansour F, Patel RR, Perris R, Small S, Betts A, Brown N, Chong A, Croitoru C, Grey A, Hickland P, Ho C, Hollington D, McKie L, Nelson AR, Stewart H, Eiben P, Nedham M, Ali I, Brown T, Cumming S, Hunt C, Joyner C, McAlinden C, Roberts J, Rogers D, Thachettu A, Tyson N, Vaughan R, Verma N, Yasin T, Andrew K, Bhamra N, Leong S, Mistry R, Noble H, Rashed F, Walker NR, Watson L, Worsfold M, Yarham E, Abdikadir H, Arshad A, Barmayehvar B, Cato L, Chan-lam N, Do V, Leong A, Sheikh Z, Zheleniakova T, Coppel J, Hussain ST, Mahmood R, Nourzaie R, Prowle J, Sheik-Ali S, Thomas A, Alagappan A, Ashour R, Bains H, Diamond J, Gordon J, Ibrahim B, Khalil M, Mittapalli D, Neo YN, Patil P, Peck FS, Reza N, Swan I, Whyte M, Chaudhry S, Hernon J, Khawar H, O'Brien J, Pullinger M, Rothnie K, Ujjal S, Bhatte S, Curtis J, Green S, Mayer A, Watkinson G, Chapple K, Hawthorne T, Khaliq M, Majkowski L, Malik TAM, Mclauchlan K, En BNW, Parton S, Robinson SD, Saat MI, Shurovi BN, Varatharasasingam K, Ward AE, Behranwala K, Bertelli M, Cohen J, Duff F, Fafemi O, Gupta R, Manimaran M, Mayhew J, Peprah D, Wong MHY, Farmer N, Houghton C, Kandhari N, Khan K, Ladha D, Mayes J, McLennan F, Panahi P, Seehra H, Agrawal R, Ahmed I, Ali S, Birkinshaw F, Choudhry M, Gokani S, Harrogate S, Jamal S, Nawrozzadeh F, Swaray A, Szczap A, Warusavitarne J, Abdalla M, Asemota N, Cullum R, Hartley M, Maxwell-Armstrong C, Mulvenna C, Phillips J, Yule A, Ahmed L, Clement KD, Craig N, Elseedawy E, Gorman D, Kane L, Livie J, Livie V, Moss E, Naasan A, Ravi F, Shields P, Zhu Y, Archer M, Cobley H, Dennis R, Downes C, Guevel B, Lamptey E, Murray H, Radhakrishnan A, Saravanabavan S, Sardar M, Shaw C, Tilliridou V, Wright R, Ye W, Alturki N, Helliwell R, Jones E, Kelly D, Lambotharan S, Scott K, Sivakumar R, Victor L, Boraluwe-Rallage H, Froggatt P, Haynes S, Hung YMA, Keyte A, Matthews L, Evans E, Haray P, John I, Mathivanan A, Morgan L, Oji O, Okorocha C, Rutherford A, Spiers H, Stageman N, Tsui A, Whitham R, Amoah-Arko A, Cecil E, Dietrich A, Fitzpatrick H, Guy C, Hair J, Hilton J, Jawad L, McAleer E, Taylor Z, Yap J, Akhbari M, Debnath D, Dhir T, Elbuzidi M, Elsaddig M, Glace S, Khawaja H, Koshy R, Lal K, Lobo L, McDermott A, Meredith J, Qamar MA, Vaidya A, Acquaah F, Barfi L, Carter N, Gnanappiragasam D, Ji C, Kaminski F, Lawday S, Mackay K, Sulaiman SK, Webb R, Ananthavarathan P, Dalal F, Farrar E, Hashemi R, Hossain M, Jiang J, Kiandee M, Lex J, Mason L, Matthews JH, McGeorge E, Modhwadia S, Pinkney T, Radotra A, Rickard L, Rodman L, Sales A, Tan KL, Bachi A, Bajwa DS, Battle J, Brown LR, Butler A, Calciu A, Davies E, Gardner I, Girdlestone T, Ikogho O, Keelan G, O'Loughlin P, Tam J, Elias J, Ngaage M, Thompson J, Bristow S, Brock E, Davis H, Pantelidou M, Sathiyakeerthy A, Singh K, Chaudhry A, Dickson G, Glen P, Gregoriou K, Hamid H, Mclean A, Mehtaji P, Neophytou G, Potts S, Belgaid DR, Burke J, Durno J, Ghailan N, Hanson M, Henshaw V, Nazir UR, Omar I, Riley BJ, Roberts J, Smart G, Van Winsen K, Bhatti A, Chan M, D'Auria M, Green S, Keshvala C, Li H, Maxwell-Armstrong C, Michaelidou M, Simmonds L, Smith C, Wimalathasan A, Abbas J, Cairns C, Chin YR, Connelly A, Moug S, Nair A, Svolkinas D, Coe P, Subar D, Wang H, Zaver V, Brayley J, Cookson P, Cunningham L, Gaukroger A, Ho M, Hough A, King J, O'Hagan D, Widdison A, Brown R, Brown B, Chavan A, Francis S, Hare L, Lund J, Malone N, Mavi B, McIlwaine A, Rangarajan S, Abuhussein N, Campbell HS, Daniels J, Fitzgerald I, Mansfield S, Pendrill A, Robertson D, Smart YW, Teng T, Yates J, Belgaumkar A, Katira A, Kossoff J, Kukran S, Laing C, Mathew B, Mohamed T, Myers S, Novell R, Phillips BL, Thomas M, Turlejski T, Turner S, Varcada M, Warren L, Wynell-Mayow W, Church R, Linley-Adams L, Osborn G, Saunders M, Spencer R, Srikanthan M, Tailor S, Tullett A, Ali M, Al-Masri S, Carr G, Ebhogiaye O, Heng S, Manivannan S, Manley J, McMillan LE, Peat C, Phillips B, Thomas S, Whewell H, Williams G, Bienias A, Cope EA, Courquin GR, Day L, Garner C, Gimson A, Harris C, Markham K, Moore T, Nadin T, Phillips C, Subratty SM, Brown K, Dada J, Durbacz M, Filipescu T, Harrison E, Kennedy ED, Khoo E, Kremel D, Lyell I, Pronin S, Tummon R, Ventre C, Walls L, Wootton E, Akhtar A, Davies E, El-Sawy D, Farooq M, Gaddah M, Griffiths H, Katsaiti I, Khadem N, Leong K, Williams I, Chean CS, Chudek D, Desai H, Ellerby N, Hammad A, Malla S, Murphy B, Oshin O, Popova P, Rana S, Ward T, Abbott TEF, Akpenyi O, Edozie F, El Matary R, English W, Jeyabaladevan S, Morgan C, Naidu V, Nicholls K, Peroos S, Prowle J, Sansome S, Torrance HD, Townsend D, Brecher J, Fung H, Kazmi Z, Outlaw P, Pursnani K, Ramanujam N, Razaq A, Sattar M, Sukumar S, Tan TSE, Chohan K, Dhuna S, Haq T, Kirby S, Lacy-Colson J, Logan P, Malik Q, McCann J, Mughal Z, Sadiq S, Sharif I, Shingles C, Simon A, Burnage S, Chan SSN, Craig ARJ, Duffield J, Dutta A, Eastwood M, Iqbal F, Mahmood F, Mahmood W, Patel C, Qadeer A, Robinson A, Rotundo A, Schade A, Slade RD, De Freitas M, Kinnersley H, McDowell E, Moens-Lecumberri S, Ramsden J, Rockall T, Wiffen L, Wright S, Bruce C, Francois V, Hamdan K, Limb C, Lunt AJ, Manley L, Marks M, Phillips CFE, Agnew CJF, Barr CJ, Benons N, Hart SJ, Kandage D, Krysztopik R, Mahalingam P, Mock J, Rajendran S, Stoddart MT, Clements B, Gillespie H, Lee S, McDougall R, Murray C, O'Loane R, Periketi S, Tan S, Amoah R, Bhudia R, Dudley B, Gilbert A, Griffiths B, Khan H, McKigney N, Roberts B, Samuel R, Seelarbokus A, Stubbing-Moore A, Thompson G, Williams P, Ahmed N, Akhtar R, Chandler E, Chappelow I, Gil H, Gower T, Kale A, Lingam G, Rutler L, Sellahewa C, Sheikh A, Stringer H, Taylor R, Aglan H, Ashraf MR, Choo S, Das E, Epstein J, Gentry R, Mills D, Poolovadoo Y, Ward N, Bull K, Cole A, Hack J, Khawari S, Lake C, Mandishona T, Perry R, Sleight S, Sultan S, Thornton T, Williams S, Arif T, Castle A, Chauhan P, Chesner R, Eilon T, Kamarajah S, Kambasha C, Lock L, Loka T, Mohammad F, Motahariasl S, Roper L, Sadhra SS, Sheikh A, Toma T, Wadood Q, Yip J, Ainger E, Busti S, Cunliffe L, Flamini T, Gaffing S, Moorcroft C, Peter M, Simpson L, Stokes E, Stott G, Wilson J, York J, Yousaf A, Borakati A, Brown M, Goaman A, Hodgson B, Ijeomah A, Iroegbu U, Kaur G, Lowe C, Mahmood S, Sattar Z, Sen P, Szuman A, Abbas N, Al-Ausi M, Anto N, Bhome R, Eccles L, Elliott J, Hughes EJ, Jones A, Karunatilleke AS, Knight JS, Manson CCF, Mekhail I, Michaels L, Noton TM, Okenyi E, Reeves T, Yasin IH, Banfield DA, Harris R, Lim D, Mason-Apps C, Roe T, Sandhu J, Shafiq N, Stickler E, Tam JP, Williams LM, Ainsworth P, Boualbanat Y, Doull C, Egan E, Evans L, Hassanin K, Ninkovic-Hall G, Odunlami W, Shergill M, Traish M, Cummings D, Kershaw S, Ong J, Reid F, Toellner H, Alwandi A, Amer M, George D, Haynes K, Hughes K, Peakall L, Premakumar Y, Punjabi N, Ramwell A, Sawkins H, Ashwood J, Baker A, Baron C, Bhide I, Blake E, De Cates C, Esmail R, Hosamuddin H, Kapp J, Nguru N, Raja M, Thomson F, Ahmed H, Aishwarya G, Al-Huneidi R, Ali S, Aziz R, Burke D, Clarke B, Kausar A, Maskill D, Mecia L, Myers L, Smith ACD, Walker G, Wroe N, Donohoe C, Gibbons D, Jordan P, Keogh C, Kiely A, Lalor P, McCrohan M, Powell C, Foley MP, Reynolds J, Silke E, Thorpe O, Kong JTH, White C, Ali Q, Dalrymple J, Ge Y, Khan H, Luo RS, Paine H, Paraskeva B, Parker L, Pillai K, Salciccioli J, Selvadurai S, Sonagara V, Springford LR, Tan L, Appleton S, Leadholm N, Zhang Y, Ahern D, Cotter M, Cremen S, Durrigan T, Flack V, Hrvacic N, Jones H, Jong B, Keane K, O'Connell PR, O'sullivan J, Pek G, Shirazi S, Barker C, Brown A, Carr W, Chen Y, Guillotte C, Harte J, Kokayi A, Lau K, McFarlane S, Morrison S, Broad J, Kenefick N, Makanji D, Printz V, Saito R, Thomas O, Breen H, Kirk S, Kong CH, O'Kane A, Eddama M, Engledow A, Freeman SK, Frost A, Goh C, Lee G, Poonawala R, Suri A, Taribagil P, Brown H, Christie S, Dean S, Gravell R, Haywood E, Holt F, Pilsworth E, Rabiu R, Roscoe HW, Shergill S, Sriram A, Sureshkumar A, Tan LC, Tanna A, Vakharia A, Bhullar S, Brannick S, Dunne E, Frere M, Kerin M, Kumar KM, Pratumsuwan T, Quek R, Salman M, Van Den Berg N, Wong C, Ahluwalia J, Bagga R, Borg CM, Calabria C, Draper A, Farwana M, Joyce H, Khan A, Mazza M, Pankin G, Sait MS, Sandhu N, Virani N, Wong J, Woodhams K, Croghan N, Ghag S, Hogg G, Ismail O, John N, Nadeem K, Naqi M, Noe SM, Sharma A, Tan S, Begum F, Best R, Collishaw A, Glasbey J, Golding D, Gwilym B, Harrison P, Jackman T, Lewis N, Luk YL, Porter T, Potluri S, Stechman M, Tate S, Thomas D, Walford B, Auld F, Bleakley A, Johnston S, Jones C, Khaw J, Milne S, O'Neill S, Singh KKR, Smith R, Swan A, Thorley N, Yalamarthi S, Yin ZD, Ali A, Balian V, Bana R, Clark K, Livesey C, McLachlan G, Mohammad M, Pranesh N, Richards C, Ross F, Sajid M, Brooke M, Francombe J, Gresly J, Hutchinson S, Kerrigan K, Matthews E, Nur S, Parsons L, Sandhu A, Vyas M, White F, Zulkifli A, Zuzarte L, Al-Mousawi A, Arya J, Azam S, Yahaya AA, Gill K, Hallan R, Hathaway C, Leptidis I, McDonagh L, Mitrasinovic S, Mushtaq N, Pang N, Peiris GB, Rinkoff S, Chan L, Christopher E, Farhan-Alanie MMH, Gonzalez-Ciscar A, Graham CJ, Lim H, McLean KA, Paterson HM, Rogers A, Roy C, Rutherford D, Smith F, Zubikarai G, Al-Khudairi R, Bamford M, Chang M, Cheng J, Hedley C, Joseph R, Mitchell B, Perera S, Rothwell L, Siddiqui A, Smith J, Taylor K, Wright OW, Baryan HK, Boyd G, Conchie H, Cox L, Davies J, Gardner S, Hill N, Krishna K, Lakin F, Scotcher S, Alberts J, Asad M, Barraclough J, Campbell A, Marshall D, Wakeford W, Cronbach P, D'Souza F, Gammeri E, Houlton J, Hall M, Kethees A, Patel R, Perera M, Prowle J, Shaid M, Webb E, Beattie S, Chadwick M, El-Taji O, Haddad S, Mann M, Patel M, Popat K, Rimmer L, Riyat H, Smith H, Anandarajah C, Cipparrone M, Desai K, Gao C, Goh ET, Howlader M, Jeffreys N, Karmarkar A, Mathew G, Mukhtar H, Ozcan E, Renukanthan A, Sarens N, Sinha C, Woolley A, Bogle R, Komolafe O, Loo F, Waugh D, Zeng R, Crewe A, Mathias J, Mills A, Owen A, Prior A, Saunders I, Baker A, Crilly L, McKeon J, Ubhi HK, Adeogun A, Carr R, Davison C, Devalia S, Hayat A, Karsan RB, Osborne C, Scott K, Weegenaar C, Wijeyaratne M, Babatunde F, Barnor-Ahiaku E, Beattie G, Chitsabesan P, Dixon O, Hall N, Ilenkovan N, Mackrell T, Nithianandasivam N, Orr J, Palazzo F, Saad M, Sandland-Taylor L, Sherlock J, Ashdown T, Chandler S, Garsaa T, Lloyd J, Loh SY, Ng S, Perkins C, Powell-Chandler A, Smith F, Underhill R. Perioperative intravenous contrast administration and the incidence of acute kidney injury after major gastrointestinal surgery: prospective, multicentre cohort study. Br J Surg 2020; 107:1023-1032. [PMID: 32026470 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.11453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to determine the impact of preoperative exposure to intravenous contrast for CT and the risk of developing postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients undergoing major gastrointestinal surgery. METHODS This prospective, multicentre cohort study included adults undergoing gastrointestinal resection, stoma reversal or liver resection. Both elective and emergency procedures were included. Preoperative exposure to intravenous contrast was defined as exposure to contrast administered for the purposes of CT up to 7 days before surgery. The primary endpoint was the rate of AKI within 7 days. Propensity score-matched models were adjusted for patient, disease and operative variables. In a sensitivity analysis, a propensity score-matched model explored the association between preoperative exposure to contrast and AKI in the first 48 h after surgery. RESULTS A total of 5378 patients were included across 173 centres. Overall, 1249 patients (23·2 per cent) received intravenous contrast. The overall rate of AKI within 7 days of surgery was 13·4 per cent (718 of 5378). In the propensity score-matched model, preoperative exposure to contrast was not associated with AKI within 7 days (odds ratio (OR) 0·95, 95 per cent c.i. 0·73 to 1·21; P = 0·669). The sensitivity analysis showed no association between preoperative contrast administration and AKI within 48 h after operation (OR 1·09, 0·84 to 1·41; P = 0·498). CONCLUSION There was no association between preoperative intravenous contrast administered for CT up to 7 days before surgery and postoperative AKI. Risk of contrast-induced nephropathy should not be used as a reason to avoid contrast-enhanced CT.
Collapse
|
23
|
Batra A, Kong S, Rigo R, Cheung W. 150P Eligibility of real-world patients with metastatic breast cancer in clinical trials. Ann Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.03.250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
|
24
|
Batra A, Cuthbert C, Rigo R, Harper A, Boyne D, Yang L, Cheung W. 187P Patient-reported outcomes near end-of-life in patients with breast cancer. Ann Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.03.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
|
25
|
LeVasseur N, Veitch Z, Diocee RM, Gondara L, Cheung W, Khan O, Cossetti R, Gelmon KA, King K, Lupichuk S, Chia SK, Tang P, Simmons C. Abstract P1-13-02: Real world outcomes of adjuvant FECD, ddACT and ACT for the treatment of early stage breast cancer - A multicenter retrospective analysis. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs18-p1-13-02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Adjuvant chemotherapy combining anthracyclines and taxanes for early stage breast cancer (ESBC) have demonstrated disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) benefits. Among the 3rd generation regimens, 2 options have been favoured: FEC-Docetaxel (FECD) and AC-Paclitaxel (ACT). ACT may be delivered with dose-dense (ddACT) or weekly taxane scheduling (ddACWT), compared to traditional every 3-weekly (q3ACT) scheduling. Despite literature supporting both FECD and (dd)ACT regimens in the management of ESBC, no direct prospective trial has evaluated their comparative effectiveness.
Methods: A retrospective review of the BC Cancer Breast Cancer Outcomes Unit (BCOU) and the Alberta Health Services (AHS) databases was performed to identify patients with HER2 negative, stage 1-3 ESBC, who received adjuvant chemotherapy between 2007-2014. The primary endpoint was OS and the secondary endpoint was RFS, defined as freedom from local (invasive), regional or distant recurrence or breast cancer death. Outcome comparisons were made between FECD, ddACT/ddACWT and q3ACT using the Kaplan Meier method. Treatment arms were compared using a log-rank test for univariate analysis. A multivariate analysis was also conducted for OS comprising age, stage, grade, receptor status and type of chemotherapy received (FECD vs combined ACT group).
Results: A total of 4047 patients met inclusion criteria, including 2685 FECD, 1259 ddACT and 103 ACT. Median age was 53 (24-77) in the FECD group vs 52 (26-68) in the ddACT/ddACWT group and 58 (43-78) in the q3ACT group. The majority had stage 2 disease, 51.3%, 53.5% and 50.5% in the FECD, ddACT/ddACWT and q3ACT groups, respectively. Most were HR+, 84.5% in the FECD group vs 66.9% in both the ddACT/ddACWT and q3ACT groups. In the FECD group, 42.8% had a grade 2 tumour and 48.2% a grade 3 tumour vs 35.4% and 56.4% in the ddACT/ddACWT group and 35.0% and 58.3% in the q3ACT group. Lymphovascular invasion (LVI) was present in 40.7% of patients who received FECD vs 39.7% for ddACT/ddACWT and 26.2% for ACT. 5-year OS, for the FECD group was 90.3% (95%CI 89.1,91.4) vs 87.0% (95%CI 84.3,89.2) for the ddACT/ddACWT and 84.9% (95%CI 75.5,90.8) for the q3ACT groups, p=0.0907. 5-year RFS was 85.5% (95%CI 84.0-86.8) with FECD vs 84.4% (95% 81.9,86.6) for ddACT/ddACWT and 87.7% (95%CI 79.2,92.8) with q3ACT,p=0.4200. In multivariate analysis: age, stage and grade were significantly associated with OS whereas type of chemotherapy received (FECD vs ACT) was not (p=0.165). Finally, OS rates were compared across provinces and no significant differences were identified, 87.0% vs 88.0% (p=0.6294). Subgroup analyses by receptor type, comparing HR+ and TNBC are ongoing.
Conclusions: The use of FECD as compared to ACT based chemotherapy did not reveal significant differences in OS or RFS in this population-based study. Further, chemotherapy regimen was not associated with differences in overall survival, as compared to other well recognized prognostic factors. While the results were obtained from a retrospective analysis, conclusive prospective data is lacking. These results may therefore reassure physicians and patients alike on a comparable efficacy of these regimens in a real-life setting.
Citation Format: LeVasseur N, Veitch Z, Diocee RM, Gondara L, Cheung W, Khan O, Cossetti R, Gelmon KA, King K, Lupichuk S, Chia SK, Tang P, Simmons C. Real world outcomes of adjuvant FECD, ddACT and ACT for the treatment of early stage breast cancer - A multicenter retrospective analysis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-13-02.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N LeVasseur
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, AB, Canada; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada; Breast Cancer Outcomes Unit, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Z Veitch
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, AB, Canada; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada; Breast Cancer Outcomes Unit, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - RM Diocee
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, AB, Canada; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada; Breast Cancer Outcomes Unit, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - L Gondara
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, AB, Canada; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada; Breast Cancer Outcomes Unit, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - W Cheung
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, AB, Canada; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada; Breast Cancer Outcomes Unit, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - O Khan
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, AB, Canada; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada; Breast Cancer Outcomes Unit, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - R Cossetti
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, AB, Canada; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada; Breast Cancer Outcomes Unit, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - KA Gelmon
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, AB, Canada; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada; Breast Cancer Outcomes Unit, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - K King
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, AB, Canada; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada; Breast Cancer Outcomes Unit, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - S Lupichuk
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, AB, Canada; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada; Breast Cancer Outcomes Unit, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - SK Chia
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, AB, Canada; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada; Breast Cancer Outcomes Unit, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - P Tang
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, AB, Canada; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada; Breast Cancer Outcomes Unit, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - C Simmons
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, AB, Canada; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada; Breast Cancer Outcomes Unit, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Gibson A, Li H, D'Silva A, Tudor R, Elegbede A, Otsuka S, Bebb G, Cheung W. P2.01-13 Number, Rather Than Location of Metastases, Dictates Outcome in Stage IV, M1b, Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. J Thorac Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2018.08.1067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
27
|
Yusuf D, Hurry M, Walton R, Cheung W. P3.15-30 Treatment Patterns and Survival of Patients with Stage IV Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) in the Era of Novel Therapies. J Thorac Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2018.08.1906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
28
|
Li H, Cheung W, Myers P, McKevitt E, Willemsma K, Deruchie Tan A, Chia S, Simmons C. Abstract P4-11-01: Effects of high anxiety scores on surgical and overall treatment plan in breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant therapy. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs17-p4-11-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction:
Anxiety is a common symptom in patients with newly diagnosed cancer. Patients with high levels of anxiety have been shown to choose more invasive surgeries in various cancer settings. Rates of contralateral prophylactic mastectomy in the adjuvant setting remain high, despite offering no survival advantage. In the neoadjuvant setting, patients have more time for decisions regarding final surgery. If anxiety is playing a role in their decisions, this could be addressed while on neoadjuvant therapy (NAT). However, the impact of anxiety at initial diagnosis on surgical decision making in this setting has not yet been studied.
Methods:
Data collected from a prospective institutional database of breast cancer patients treated with NAT at the British Columbia Cancer Agency (BCCA) were utilized to identify all patients. Information was extracted from this database with regards to patient and tumour characteristics, initial surgical plan, and final surgery performed. This was cross referenced with patient self-reported anxiety, which was extracted from the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (ESAS) and the Psychosocial Screen for Cancer (PSSCAN) forms administered at initial consultation. Patients were assigned a score of 0 to 3 based on their answers to the ESAS anxiety scale and the PSSCAN anxiety questions, and whether or not they had any concerns related to their care. Patients were excluded if they had bilateral breast cancer, BRCA mutation or referral to the Hereditary Cancer Program, did not receive NAT or undergo breast surgery, or did not complete the forms. Fisher's exact tests were applied for statistical analysis.
Results:
From 2012-2016, 361 potential patients were identified for this study. A total of 203 patients met eligibility criteria. 93 patients (46%) had low anxiety (score 0 or 1) and 110 patients (54%) had high anxiety (score 2 or 3). Patients with high self-reported anxiety at initial consultation were significantly more likely to undergo bilateral mastectomy for unilateral disease and mastectomy for breast conserving surgery (BCS) eligible disease than those with low self-reported anxiety at initial consultation (37.3% VS 18.3%; p=0.003). No significant differences in treatment times (time interval between biopsy to chemotherapy, chemotherapy to surgery, and surgery to radiation) or investigations were identified when comparing high and low anxiety patients.
Anxiety level and type of surgery performedType of SurgeryAnxiety Level Low (n=93)High (n=110) Bilateral Mastectomy and Mastectomy for BCS eligible disease17 (18.3%)41 (37.3%) BCS and Mastectomy for non-BCS eligible disease76 (81.7%)69 (62.7%) p = 0.0031
Conclusion:
High anxiety scores lead to a 19% increase in bilateral mastectomies in patients without bilateral disease and mastectomies in patients eligible for BCS compared to patients with low anxiety (p = 0.003). These findings suggest that self-reported anxiety levels can inform and assist physicians to identify patients who are more likely to undergo aggressive surgery and may need further counselling and support services. Future work should examine the effects of counselling intervention in patients with high anxiety on surgical decisions.
Citation Format: Li H, Cheung W, Myers P, McKevitt E, Willemsma K, Deruchie Tan A, Chia S, Simmons C. Effects of high anxiety scores on surgical and overall treatment plan in breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant therapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2017 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2017 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-11-01.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Li
- University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada; BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Patient and Family Counseling, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada; University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - W Cheung
- University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada; BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Patient and Family Counseling, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada; University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - P Myers
- University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada; BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Patient and Family Counseling, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada; University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - E McKevitt
- University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada; BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Patient and Family Counseling, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada; University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - K Willemsma
- University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada; BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Patient and Family Counseling, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada; University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - A Deruchie Tan
- University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada; BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Patient and Family Counseling, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada; University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - S Chia
- University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada; BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Patient and Family Counseling, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada; University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - C Simmons
- University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada; BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Patient and Family Counseling, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada; University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Britto K, Cheung W, Cameron R, Roberts SK, Kemp W. Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic: Rare vascular tumor following treatment for hepatitis C with direct-acting antivirals. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 32:1912. [PMID: 28771829 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.13916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K Britto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - W Cheung
- Department of Radiology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - R Cameron
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - S K Roberts
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - W Kemp
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Naganathan V, Cheung W, Myburgh J. SURVEY OF AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND PUBLIC ON CRITERIA TO TRIAGE PATIENTS IN AN INFLUENZA PANDEMIC. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.1108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- V. Naganathan
- Centre for Education and Research in Ageing, University of Sydney, Concord, New South Wales, Australia,
- Ageing and Alzheimers Institute, Concord Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia,
| | - W. Cheung
- Intensive Care Unit, Concord Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia,
| | - J. Myburgh
- Critical Care and Trauma Division, The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Yusuf D, Ho M, Cleary S, Mazurek M, Ghosh S, Cheung W. Comparison of expectations between medical oncologists (MO) and hepatobiliary surgeons (HS) regarding the indications for liver metastatectomy. Eur J Cancer 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(17)30246-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
32
|
Yusuf D, Ho M, Cheung W. ONCOPRE: a new chemotherapy benefit prediction algorithm to assist with treatment decision making. Eur J Cancer 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(17)30300-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
33
|
Pavel ME, Becerra C, Grosch K, Cheung W, Hasskarl J, Yao JC. Effect of everolimus on the pharmacokinetics of octreotide long-acting repeatable in patients with advanced neuroendocrine tumors: An analysis of the randomized phase III RADIANT-2 trial. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2016; 101:462-468. [DOI: 10.1002/cpt.559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- ME Pavel
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology; Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum; Berlin Germany
| | - C Becerra
- Texas Oncology Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center at Baylor; Dallas Texas USA
| | - K Grosch
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation; Basel Switzerland
| | - W Cheung
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation; Florham Park New Jersey USA
| | - J Hasskarl
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation; Basel Switzerland
| | - JC Yao
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston Texas USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Wang Y, Camateros P, Cheung W. Impact of age, bilirubin, and disease burden in unresectable pancreatic cancer patients receiving first-line chemotherapy: A population-based analysis. Ann Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw371.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
35
|
Jamal NM, Krzyzanski W, Cheung W, Lau CY, Messner HA. Evaluation of Epoetin Alpha (rHuEPO) and Darbepoetin Alpha (DARB) on Human Burst-colony Formation (BFU-E) in Culture. J Int Med Res 2016; 34:42-51. [PMID: 16604822 DOI: 10.1177/147323000603400105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The erythropoietic effect of recombinant human erythropoietin, epoetin alpha (rHuEPO), in promoting the growth of erythroid burst-forming units (BFU-E) was compared with darbepoetin alpha (DARB), a rHuEPO analogue obtained by site-directed mutagenesis. Human bone marrow cells derived from healthy donors were cultured with different concentrations of rHuEPO or DARB for 12-21 days and BFU-E were counted using an inverted microscope. The EC50 of rHuEPO was about 10-fold lower than DARB and the size of the colonies was significantly larger in rHuEPO-containing cultures using comparable concentrations. The maximum number of colonies obtained in some rHuEPO-containing cultures was also higher than for DARB. The number of colonies in DARB-containing cultures was increased, in part, by the addition of low concentrations of rHuEPO, but not by DARB, even at high concentrations. We conclude that DARB is not as effective as rHuEPO in supporting the in vitro growth of human BFU-E.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N M Jamal
- University of Toronto, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Chung J, Lim H, Buczkowski A, Chung S, Ho S, Scudamore C, Cheung W, Davies J, Klass D, Berkowitz J, Punzalan M, Liu D. 11 year longitudinal analysis of survival trends of solitary unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2015.12.441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
|
37
|
Dinan M, Li Y, Reed S, Cheung W. Nationwide Utilization of Cardiac Imaging in Patients Undergoing External Beam Radiation Therapy With and Without Cardiotoxic Chemotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2015.07.1487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
38
|
Loree J, Kennecke H, Renouf D, Lim H, Vickers M, Speers C, Cheung W. 2002 Impact of adjuvant chemotherapy following pre-operative short course radiotherapy in stage II rectal cancer. Eur J Cancer 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(16)30928-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
39
|
Lim H, Kim H, Kollmannsberger C, Schellenberg D, Cheung W. 2224 Comparison of adjuvant chemoradiation to peri-operative chemotherapy for the treatment of resected gastric and gastroesophageal junction adenocarincoma. Eur J Cancer 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(16)31140-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
40
|
Major D, Armstrong D, Bryant H, Cheung W, Decker K, Doyle G, Mai V, McLachlin CM, Niu J, Payne J, Shukla N. Recent trends in breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer screening test utilization in Canada, using self-reported data from 2008 and 2012. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 22:297-302. [PMID: 26300668 DOI: 10.3747/co.22.2690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In Canada, self-reported data from the Canadian Community Health Survey 2008 and 2012 provide an opportunity to examine overall utilization of breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer screening tests for both programmatic and opportunistic screening. Among women 50-74 years of age, utilization of screening mammography was stable (62.0% in 2008 and 63.0% in 2012). Pap test utilization for women 25-69 years of age remained high and stable across Canada in 2008 and 2012 (78.9% in 2012). The percentage of individuals 50-74 years of age who reporting having at least 1 fecal test within the preceding 2 years increased in 2012 (to 23.0% from 16.9% in 2008), but remains low. Stable rates of screening mammography utilization (about 30%) were reported in 2008 and 2012 among women 40-49 years of age, a group for which population-based screening is not recommended. Although declining over time, cervical cancer screening rates were high for women less than 25 years of age (for whom screening is not recommended). Interestingly, an increased percentage of women 70-74 years of age reported having a Pap test. In 2012, a smaller percentage of women 50-69 years of age reported having no screening test (5.9% vs. 8.5% in 2008), and more women reported having the three types of cancer screening tests (19.0% vs. 13.2%). Efforts to encourage use of screening within the recommended average-risk age groups are needed, and education for stakeholders about the possible harms of screening outside those age groups has to continue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Major
- Canadian Partnership Against Cancer, Toronto, ON; ; Département médecine sociale et préventive, Université Laval, Quebec, QC
| | - D Armstrong
- Division of Gastroenterology, McMaster University Medical Centre, Hamilton, ON
| | - H Bryant
- Canadian Partnership Against Cancer, Toronto, ON; ; Departments of Community Health Sciences and Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB
| | - W Cheung
- Division of Medical Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, and Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - K Decker
- CancerCare Manitoba and University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB
| | - G Doyle
- Breast Screening Program for Newfoundland and Labrador, St. John's, NL
| | - V Mai
- Canadian Partnership Against Cancer, Toronto, ON
| | - C M McLachlin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, ON
| | - J Niu
- Canadian Partnership Against Cancer, Toronto, ON
| | - J Payne
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Dalhousie University, and Nova Scotia Breast Screening Program, Halifax, NS
| | - N Shukla
- Canadian Partnership Against Cancer, Toronto, ON
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Kurup R, Hu H, Kurup R, Thiagalingam A, Jin-Gun C, Lee V, Cheung W, Roberts M, Wheatley J, Chow C. Utility and use of technology to access health information among patients with chronic diseases. Heart Lung Circ 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2015.06.805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
42
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current radiography techniques have limitations in detecting subtle odontogenic anomalies or defects that can lead to dentoalveolar and facial infections. This report examines the application of micro-CT imaging on two extracted teeth to enable detailed visualization of subtle odontogenic defects that had given rise to facial swelling. METHODS Two extracted non-carious mandibular left primary canine teeth (73) associated with odontogenic infections were selected from two patients, and an intact contralateral tooth (83) from one of the patients was used as a control. All three teeth were subjected to three-dimensional micro-CT imaging at a resolution of 20 μm. RESULTS Tooth 73 from the first case displayed dentine pores (channels) that established communication between the pulp chamber and the exposed dentine surface. In comparison, tooth 73 from the second case had a major vertical crack extending from the external enamel surface into the pulp chamber. The control tooth did not display any anomalies or major cracks. CONCLUSIONS The scope of micro-CT imaging can be extended from current in vitro applications to establish post-extraction diagnosis of subtle odontogenic defects, in a manner similar to deriving histopathological diagnoses in extracted teeth. Ongoing technological advancements hold the promise for more widespread translatory applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Ranjitkar
- School of Dentistry, The University of Adelaide, South Australia
| | - W Cheung
- School of Dentistry, The University of Adelaide, South Australia
| | - R Yong
- School of Dentistry, The University of Adelaide, South Australia
| | - J Deverell
- Mawson Institute, The University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia
| | - M Packianathan
- School of Dentistry, The University of Adelaide, South Australia
| | - C Hall
- Mawson Institute, The University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Lefresne S, Cheung W, Hay J, Brown C, Speers C, Olson R. Management of Stage II and III Rectal Cancer: Is There a Rural-Urban Difference? Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2014.05.1232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
44
|
Tiwana MS, Wu J, Hay J, Wong F, Cheung W, Olson RA. 25 year survival outcomes for squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck: population-based outcomes from a Canadian province. Oral Oncol 2014; 50:651-6. [PMID: 24731736 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2014.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Long term outcomes of patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) are rarely reported, but of potential benefit to clinicians and researchers. Squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) of the head and neck represent a heterogeneous group of cancers. The purpose of this population based study is to describe primary site specific, long term outcomes of HNC. METHODS All patients from a Canadian province diagnosed between 1986 and 1990 with SCC of the oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx were identified. Chart review and patient data were abstracted through the provincial cancer registry database. Survival analysis was performed with Kaplan Meier methods, while differences in survival between groups were assessed with log-rank tests. Multivariable analysis was performed using Cox-regression. RESULTS 1657 patients were analyzed during the study period. Almost half (50.9%) of the cases were advanced stage (stage III IV) at presentation. Two, 5, 15 & 25year overall survival (OS) and HNC specific survival for all the patients were 64%, 46%, 21%, 11% and 74%, 63%, 53% & 49%, respectively. OS and HNC-specific mortality were statistically inferior among men, older age at diagnosis, advanced stages of disease, and was primary cancer site specific, with worse survival in oropharyngeal & hypopharyngeal sites, p<0.001. CONCLUSIONS Survival rates vary by primary HNC site, and the overall survival & HNC specific survival differ over this long follow up assessment. Head and neck cancer specific death is most common in the first five years, and is subsequently dominated by competing causes of mortality. These results are useful as a reference tool for clinicians, researchers, and trainees.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M S Tiwana
- Radiation Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Centre for the North, Prince George, British Columbia, Canada
| | - J Wu
- Radiation Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - J Hay
- Radiation Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - F Wong
- Radiation Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Surrey, British Columbia, Canada
| | - W Cheung
- Medical Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - R A Olson
- Radiation Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Centre for the North, Prince George, British Columbia, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Tiwana M, Wu J, Hay J, Wong F, Cheung W, Olson R. Head-and-Neck Cancers as Second Primary Following an Index Head-and-Neck Cancer: Population-Based Outcomes Over a 25-Year Period. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2013.06.1273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
46
|
Cheung W, Mann-Farrar J, Gullick J, Vogelzang B, Thanakrishnan G, Veitch E, Tighe C, Spiker C, Anandacoomarasamy C, Fugaccia E. Future trials to investigate a ward physician leadership model for the Medical Emergency Team are not logistically feasible. Anaesth Intensive Care 2013; 41:679-680. [PMID: 23977922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
|
47
|
Legendre C, Cohen D, Delmas Y, Feldkamp T, Fouque D, Furman R, Gaber O, Greenbaum L, Goodship T, Haller H, Herthelius M, Hourmant M, Licht C, Moulin B, Sheerin N, Trivelli A, Bedrosian CL, Loirat C, Legendre C, Babu S, Cohen D, Delmas Y, Furman R, Gaber O, Greenbaum L, Hourmant M, Jungraithmayr T, Lebranchu Y, Riedl M, Sheerin N, Bedrosian CL, Loirat C, Sheerin N, Legendre C, Greenbaum L, Furman R, Cohen D, Gaber AO, Bedrosian C, Loirat C, Haller H, Licht C, Muus P, Legendre C, Douglas K, Hourmant M, Herthelius M, Trivelli A, Goodship T, Remuzzi G, Bedrosian C, Loirat C, Kourouklaris A, Ioannou K, Athanasiou I, Demetriou K, Panagidou A, Zavros M, Rodriguez C NY, Blasco M, Arcal C, Quintana LF, Rodriguez de Cordoba S, Campistol JM, Bachmann N, Eisenberger T, Decker C, Bolz HJ, Bergmann C, Pesce F, Cox SN, Serino G, De Palma G, Sallustio FP, Schena F, Falchi M, Pieri M, Stefanou C, Zaravinos A, Erguler K, Lapathitis G, Dweep H, Sticht C, Anastasiadou N, Zouvani I, Voskarides K, Gretz N, Deltas CC, Ruiz A, Bonny O, Sallustio F, Serino G, Curci C, Cox S, De Palma G, Schena F, Kemter E, Sklenak S, Aigner B, Wanke R, Kitzler TM, Moskowitz JL, Piret SE, Lhotta K, Tashman A, Velez E, Thakker RV, Kotanko P, Leierer J, Rudnicki M, Perco P, Koppelstaetter C, Mayer G, Sa MJN, Alves S, Storey H, Flinter F, Willems PJ, Carvalho F, Oliveira J, Arsali M, Papazachariou L, Demosthenous P, Lazarou A, Hadjigavriel M, Stavrou C, Yioukkas L, Voskarides K, Deltas C, Zavros M, Pierides A, Arsali M, Demosthenous P, Papazachariou L, Voskarides K, Kkolou M, Hadjigavriel M, Zavros M, Deltas C, Pierides A, Toka HR, Dibartolo S, Lanske B, Brown EM, Pollak MR, Familiari A, Zavan B, Sanna Cherchi S, Fabris A, Cristofaro R, Gambaro G, D'Angelo A, Anglani F, Toka H, Mount D, Pollak M, Curhan G, Sengoge G, Bajari T, Kupczok A, von Haeseler A, Schuster M, Pfaller W, Jennings P, Weltermann A, Blake S, Sunder-Plassmann G, Kerti A, Csohany R, Wagner L, Javorszky E, Maka E, Tulassay T, Tory K, Kingswood J, Nikolskaya N, Mbundi J, Kingswood J, Jozwiak S, Belousova E, Frost M, Kuperman R, Bebin M, Korf B, Flamini R, Kohrman M, Sparagana S, Wu J, Brechenmacher T, Stein K, Bissler J, Franz D, Kingswood J, Zonnenberg B, Frost M, Cheung W, Wang J, Brechenmacher T, Lam D, Bissler J, Budde K, Ivanitskiy L, Sowershaewa E, Krasnova T, Samokhodskaya L, Safarikova M, Jana R, Jitka S, Obeidova L, Kohoutova M, Tesar V, Evrengul H, Ertan P, Serdaroglu E, Yuksel S, Mir S, Yang n Ergon E, Berdeli A, Zawada A, Rogacev K, Rotter B, Winter P, Fliser D, Heine G, Bataille S, Moal V, Berland Y, Daniel L, Rosado C, Bueno E, Fraile P, Lucas C, Garcoa-Cosmes P, Tabernero JM, Gonzalez R, Rosado C, Bueno E, Fraile P, Lucas C, Garcia-Cosmes P, Tabernero JM, Gonzalez R, Silska-Dittmar M, Zaorska K, Malke A, Musielak A, Ostalska-Nowicka D, Zachwieja J, K d r V, Uz E, Yigit A, Altuntas A, Yigit B, Inal S, Uz E, Sezer M, Yilmaz R, Visciano B, Porto C, Acampora E, Russo R, Riccio E, Capuano I, Parenti G, Pisani A, Feriozzi S, Perrin A, West M, Nicholls K, Sunder-Plassmann G, Torras J, Cybulla M, Conti M, Angioi A, Floris M, Melis P, Asunis AM, Piras D, Pani A, Warnock D, Guasch A, Thomas C, Wanner C, Campbell R, Vujkovac B, Okur I, Biberoglu G, Ezgu F, Tumer L, Hasanoglu A, Bicik Z, Akin Y, Mumcuoglu M, Ecder T, Paliouras C, Mattas G, Papagiannis N, Ntetskas G, Lamprianou F, Karvouniaris N, Alivanis P. Genetic diseases and molecular genetics. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gft126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
|
48
|
Klein-Geltink J, Forte T, Rahal R, Darling G, Cheung W, Alvi R, Noonan G, Russell C, Vriends K, Niu J, Lockwood G, Bryant H. New chart review data validate administrative data-based indicator for guideline-recommended treatment of locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer and shed light on reasons for non-referral and non-treatment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 20:118-20. [PMID: 23559875 DOI: 10.3747/co.20.1351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The 2012 Cancer System Performance Report is the 4th annual report on the Canadian cancer control system produced by the System Performance initiative at the Canadian Partnership Against Cancer, in collaboration with its provincial and national partners. [...]
Collapse
|
49
|
Cheung W. SP-0104: Radiofrequency ablation for liver metastases. Radiother Oncol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(15)32410-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
50
|
Cheung W, Kavnoudias H, Roberts S, Szkandera B, Kemp W, Thomson KR. Irreversible electroporation for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: initial experience and review of safety and outcomes. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2013; 12:233-41. [PMID: 23369152 DOI: 10.7785/tcrt.2012.500317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aims of this study were to evaluate the safety, feasibility and tumour response of _irreversible electroporation, a non-thermal ablation technique, for the treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. The endpoints were safety and local treatment efficacy. Patients with unresectable tumours and tumours not amenable for radiofrequency _ablation because of their vicinity to organs vulnerable to thermal damage such as the bowel or because they were close to large blood vessels that would limit efficacy of ablation due to the heat sink effect were treated with irreversible electroporation using percutaneous _ultrasound and/or computed tomography guided electrode placement between November 2008 and _December 2009. Early, late, minor and major complications were recorded. Tumour response was determined on triphasic helical computed tomography follow-up at one month, then every three months post-procedure. Eleven patients received IRE therapy to 18 HCC lesions (Mean diameter 2.44 ± 0.99 cm; range 1.0-6.1 cm) with five patients having more than one treated HCC. Mean follow-up was 18 months (range 14-24 months). Six patients required repeat treatments for local residual or recurrent disease; two of these also had IRE for distant intrahepatic recurrence. No serious complications were observed despite seven lesions lying adjacent to important structures or organs. Four patients developed transient urinary retention and seven developed transient local post-procedure pain. After IRE therapy, 13 (72%) lesions were completely ablated with 93% success for lesions ≤ 3 cm (13/14). The local recurrence-free period was 18 ± 4 months and the distance recurrence free period was 14 ± 6 months. These preliminary results suggest that IRE is a safe and feasible technique for local ablation of HCC, particularly for lesions less than 3 cm. No major complications were encountered during this study even for tumours close to essential structures or organs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Cheung
- Department of Radiology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|