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Han HJ, Woo J, Wi WY, Cho KD, Koo M, Hong SJ, Jung YM, Kim HY, Ahn KH, Hong SC, Kim HJ, Oh MJ, Cho GJ. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on infant obesity: A nationwide retrospective cohort study. J Infect Public Health 2024; 17:795-799. [PMID: 38520760 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2024.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lifestyle changes, such as those related to the COVID-19 pandemic, including alterations in physical activity and dietary habits, are known to affect pregnancy outcomes. In particular, suboptimal intrauterine conditions during pregnancy are known to influence not only fetal growth but also growth during infancy. However, research on the impact of the environmental changes caused by the COVID-19 pandemic on the growth of infants and children during their early years is lacking. To address this issue, this study evaluated the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on obesity in infants. METHODS This retrospective cohort study used the data collected from the Korea National Health Insurance (KNHI) claims database. The data of 1985,678 women who delivered infants between 2015 and 2021 were collected. Women who delivered during the pandemic and those who delivered during the pre-pandemic period were matched in a 1:1 frequency-matched pair procedure for factors such as age, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus, mode of delivery, gestational age at delivery, offspring sex, and birth weight. Finally, 197,580 women were enrolled. The weight and head circumference of infants (4-6 months of age) of the COVID-19 pandemic group were compared with those of the pre-pandemic group. RESULTS The COVID-19 pandemic group infants exhibited significantly higher weight and prevalence of obesity at 4-6 months of age compared to infants in the pre-pandemic group. After adjustment for covariates, pandemic group infants had a higher risk of obesity (odds ratio: 1.54, 95% confidence interval: 1.51-1.57) compared to the pre-pandemic group infants. CONCLUSION The COVID-19 pandemic has had a notable impact on the weight of infants aged 4-6 months. This suggests that pandemic conditions may influence the growth of newborns, underscoring the importance of monitoring and assessing trends in the growth of infants born during such crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jin Han
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joohyun Woo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Young Wi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Dong Cho
- Big Data Department, National Health Insurance Service, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Minji Koo
- Big Data Department, National Health Insurance Service, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Jung Hong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Mi Jung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Yeon Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hoon Ahn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Cheol Hong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hai-Joong Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Jeong Oh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Geum Joon Cho
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Choi YJ, Wi WY, Cho GJ, Na JO. Association between cardiac arrhythmia before pregnancy and gestational diabetes: a nationwide population-based study in Korea. Epidemiol Health 2023; 45:e2023103. [PMID: 38062711 PMCID: PMC10876443 DOI: 10.4178/epih.e2023103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Given the higher prevalence of cardiac arrhythmias in individuals with diabetes, we investigated the relationship between cardiac arrhythmias and the incidence of gestational diabetes (GDM). This retrospective cohort study utilized data from the Korean Health Insurance Service database, encompassing 1,113,729 women who gave birth between January 2007 and December 2015. After excluding those who did not undergo National Health Screening tests within 1 year prior to pregnancy, those with multifetal pregnancies, and those diagnosed with diabetes, we analyzed 365,880 singleton pregnancies without a history of diabetes. Of these, 3,253 (0.9%) had cardiac arrhythmias, including premature extra beats, supraventricular tachyarrhythmias, and/or atrial flutter/fibrillation. GDM occurred in 31,938 (8.7%) subjects during pregnancy, and was more prevalent in women with cardiac arrhythmia than in those without (14.9% vs. 8.7%, p<0.001). In the multivariate analysis, the association between cardiac arrhythmia and GDM remained statistically significant (adjusted odds ratio, 1.78; 95% CI, 1.615-1.970; p<0.001). Subgroup analysis revealed that the risk of GDM was consistently statistically significant in subjects with cardiac arrhythmia, regardless of age, body mass index, and the presence or absence of chronic hypertension. Therefore, cardiac arrhythmias before and during pregnancy appear to be associated with an increased risk of developing GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Jung Choi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Young Wi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Geum Joon Cho
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Oh Na
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Ryu KJ, Wi WY, Nam S, Jeong HG, Cho GJ, Park H, Kim T. Maternal Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and the Risk of Early Childhood Obesity in Female Offspring: A Nationwide Population-Based Study. J Korean Med Sci 2023; 38:e111. [PMID: 37038646 PMCID: PMC10086379 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2023.38.e111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the relationship between polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in Korean women and childhood growth and obesity of their offspring. METHODS This longitudinal case-control study using the Korean National Health Insurance claims database and the National Health Screening Program for Infants and Children database included women who delivered singletons between January 2007 and December 2008. Offspring's body mass index (BMI) measurements taken between 42 and 80 months of age were compared according to a maternal history of PCOS. RESULTS Among a total of 131,805 participants, 1,213 women had a history of PCOS and 130,592 women did not. Female offspring aged 66-80 months born to women with PCOS had significantly higher BMI than those born to women without PCOS; there was no significant difference in that of male offspring regardless of maternal PCOS. In the generalized estimating equation and multivariable logistic regression analyses, the female offspring born to women with PCOS had a significantly higher risk of obesity during the age of 42-54 and 66-80 months (odds ratio [OR], 1.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.09-2.21 and OR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.05-2.15, respectively), than those born to women without PCOS, after adjusting for several confounding factors. CONCLUSION Maternal PCOS is independently associated with an increased incidence of childhood obesity in female offspring among Korean women. Women with PCOS should consider the risk of early childhood obesity in their daughters, even if they maintain a healthy weight themselves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Jin Ryu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Young Wi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seunghyun Nam
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Gyeong Jeong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Geum Joon Cho
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Hyuntae Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Tak Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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