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Zhang LW, Zhang SC, Lin XQ, Luo MQ, Lin KY, Guo YS. [The application prospect of win ratio in cardiovascular research]. Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi 2022; 50:619-624. [PMID: 35705475 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112148-20210823-00753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L W Zhang
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - S C Zhang
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - X Q Lin
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - M Q Luo
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - K Y Lin
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Y S Guo
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China
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Fang X, Zhong WL, Yu L, Yang Z, Lin XQ, Chen TH. [Blood pressure control and influencing factors in hypertension patients with metabolic syndrome]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2020; 41:1514-1517. [PMID: 33076609 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20190926-00704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the blood pressure control and its influencing factors in hypertension patients with MS. Methods: Between January 2017 and December 2018, more than 78 000 residents aged 35-75 years selected through convenient sampling were invited to participant in China Patient-Centered Evaluative Assessment of Cardiac Event Million Persons Project in Fujian province, physical and laboratory tests were conducted for them, and their basic information were recorded. A total of 5 281 hypertension patients with MS were included in the study. Results: The treatment rate of hypertension patients with MS was 55.5%, and the control rate was 7.2%. The control rate was higher in patients who were older, women, had advanced education level, had history or family history of cardiovascular disease. The results of multivariate analysis indicated that living area (urban or rural), cardiovascular history, diabetes, urine protein, BMI had impacts on both treatment and control of hypertension. Family history of cardiovascular disease, age, self-management of hypertension, dyslipidemia, waist circumference and drinking had impacts on the treatments, and gender had effects on the control. Conclusions: The treatment rate of hypertension patients with MS was unsatisfactory and the control rate was low. Intervention should be strengthened in rural area, males and young age groups, and activity of self-management group of hypertension should be conducted regularly.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Fang
- Department of Chronic and Non-communicable Disease Prevention and Control, Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - W L Zhong
- Department of Chronic and Non-communicable Disease Prevention and Control, Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - L Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Z Yang
- Department of Chronic and Non-communicable Disease Prevention and Control, Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - X Q Lin
- Department of Chronic and Non-communicable Disease Prevention and Control, Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - T H Chen
- Department of Chronic and Non-communicable Disease Prevention and Control, Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou 350001, China
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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of interleukin(IL)-22 on the Janus kinase/ signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (JAK/STAT3) signaling pathway and sepsis-induced liver injury in rats. A total of 48 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham-operated group (n=12), model group (n=12), low-dose group (n=12) and high-dose group (n=12). Next, rat models of sepsis-induced liver injury were established through cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). At 12 h after surgery, blood was collected by heart puncture to detect liver function of the rats. It was found that the activity of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartame aminotransferase (AST) and the content of total bilirubin were reduced in low-dose group and high-dose group. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining results revealed that after treatment with IL-22, the liver injury was relieved compared with model group. Moreover, the results of TUNEL staining assay revealed that the apoptosis level of liver cells declined after treatment with IL-22. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) results demonstrated that the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α were reduced, while the level of IL-10 was increased after treatment with IL-22. Moreover, it was discovered that the SOD content was overtly elevated in low-dose and high-dose groups compared with that in the model group. Finally, using Western blotting, it was confirmed that in comparison with the model group, the levels of Bcl-2/Bax and JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway-related proteins were markedly raised, while the level of Caspase-3 was decreased in the low-dose and high-dose groups. In conclusion, IL-22 can improve liver function, reduce the apoptosis level of liver cells, the expression of apoptosis-related proteins and the release of inflammatory factors, and alleviate liver injury by activating the JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- E H Liu
- Intensive Care Unit, Foresea Life Insurance Guangzhou General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Z N Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Foresea Life Insurance Guangzhou General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - C X Xiao
- Intensive Care Unit, Foresea Life Insurance Guangzhou General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - X Liu
- Intensive Care Unit, Foresea Life Insurance Guangzhou General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - X Q Lin
- Intensive Care Unit, Foresea Life Insurance Guangzhou General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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Wang F, Xie XH, Lin XQ, Qin YY, Xie ZH, Zhang JX, Ouyang M, Zhou CZ. [Exploration of the treatment model for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer complicated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease based on real-world data]. Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi 2020; 43:450-454. [PMID: 32450634 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20200304-00241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To explore whether combining treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with anti-tumor therapy is better than that of tumor treatment alone in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with COPD in the real world. Methods: The clinical data of 101 patients with advanced NSCLC complicated with COPD from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2017, in the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University were analyzed retrospectively, including 99 males and two females, aged from 52 to 84 years[average (67±8) years]. Among the patients, 90 (89.1%) were smokers, with an average pack-year smoking index of (47±4) . The patients were divided into observation and control groups, depending on whether they received standardized anti-COPD supportive treatment. In the observation group, there were 36 patients, including 35 males and one female, aged from 54 to 84 years[ average (67±8) years], with an average pack-year of smoking (47±4). There were 65 patients in the control group, including 64 males and one female, aged from 52 to 83 years [average (67±8) years], with an average pack-year of smoking 47±4. There was no significant difference in the baseline data between the two groups. The primary outcome measures included the Objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), disease-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) of the two groups. An unpaired t-test was used to compare continuous variables between the observation and control groups. The Pearson chi-square test was used to compare categorical variables between the two groups. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were used to evaluate the median PFS and median OS of patients, and the log-rank test was used to assess differences between groups. Result: The ORR of the observation group and the control group was 22.6% (7 cases) and 22.2% (11 cases), respectively, with no significant difference (χ(2)=0.01, P=0.971). The DCR between the observation group and the control group was 58.1% (19 cases) and 57.8% (27 cases), with no significant difference (χ(2)=0.02, P=0.889). Median PFS in the observation group was 6.0 months, which was better than the 3.5 months in the control group (χ(2)=3.947, P<0.05). The median OS of the observation group was 18.0 months, which was better than the 15.0 months of the control group (χ(2)=4.083, P<0.05). Conclusions: Compared with the treatment of tumors alone, combination of anti-tumor therapy with anti-COPD therapy showed longer PFS and OS in patients with advanced NSCLC complicated with COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120,China
| | - X H Xie
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120,China
| | - X Q Lin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120,China
| | - Y Y Qin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120,China
| | - Z H Xie
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120,China
| | - J X Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120,China
| | - M Ouyang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120,China
| | - C Z Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120,China
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Wen QH, Zhang Z, Cai WK, Lin XQ, He GH. The Associations Between CYP2D6*10 C188T Polymorphism and Pharmacokinetics and Clinical Outcomes of Tramadol: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Pain Medicine 2020; 21:3679-3690. [PMID: 32488232 DOI: 10.1093/pm/pnaa140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
AbstractBackgroundTramadol is one of the most extensively used centrally acting synthetic opioid analgesics. Recently, a number of studies have explored the associations of the CYP2D6*10 C188T polymorphism with pharmacokinetic and clinical outcomes of tramadol. However, the results of these previous reports remain controversial. Therefore, a meta-analysis was needed to reach a consensus.MethodsPubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library were searched to identify eligible studies that explored the influence of the CYP2D6*10 C188T polymorphism on clinical outcomes of tramadol through April 2019. Articles meeting the inclusion criteria were comprehensively reviewed by two independent evaluators. A meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.3.ResultsA total of nine studies involving 809 related subjects were included in this meta-analysis. Significant associations were found between CYP2D6*10 C188T mutation and longer serum tramadol half-lives, larger AUC0-∞, and the slower clearance rate of tramadol. In addition, we also found that CYP2D6*10 C188T had effects on the pharmacokinetic parameters of the metabolite of tramadol, O-desmethyltramadol, by sensitive analysis. Furthermore, CYP2D6*10 C188T polymorphism was associated with higher visual analog scale score, loading dose, and total consumption of tramadol. There was no significant association between CYP2D6*10 C188T polymorphism and postoperative nausea and vomiting.ConclusionsCYP2D6*10 C188T polymorphism had a significant influence on tramadol pharmacokinetics and analgesic effect, but there was insufficient evidence to demonstrate that this polymorphism was associated with incidence of nausea and vomiting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Hua Wen
- Department of Pharmacy, The 920th Hospital of PLA Joint Service Security Forces, Kunming, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Wanzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Medical Engineering Section, The 306th Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Ke Cai
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, The 920th Hospital of PLA Joint Service Security Forces, Kunming, China
| | - Xiao-Qian Lin
- Department of Phase I Clinical Trial, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Gong-Hao He
- Department of Pharmacy, The 920th Hospital of PLA Joint Service Security Forces, Kunming, China
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Chen WL, Ling YS, Lee DJH, Lin XQ, Chen ZY, Liao HT. Targeted profiling of chlorinated transformation products and the parent micropollutants in the aquatic environment: A comparison between two coastal cities. Chemosphere 2020; 242:125268. [PMID: 31896175 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated chlorinated transformation products (TPs) and their parent micropollutants, aromatic pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in the urban water bodies of two metropolitan cities. Nine PPCPs and 16 TPs were quantitatively or semi-quantitatively determined using isotope dilution techniques and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. TPs and most PPCPs were effectively removed by conventional wastewater treatments in a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). Chlorinated parabens and all PPCPs (at concentrations below 1000 ng/L) were present in the waters receiving treated wastewater. By contrast, the waters receiving untreated wastewater contained higher levels of PPCPs (up to 9400 ng/L) and more species of chlorinated TPs including chlorinated parabens, triclosan, diclofenac, and bisphenol A. The very different chemical profiles between the water bodies of the two cities of similar geographical and climatic properties may be attributed to their respective uses of chemicals and policies of wastewater management. No apparent increase in the number of species or abundances of TPs was observed in either the chlorinated wastewater or the seawater rich in halogens. This is the first study to elucidate and compare the profiles of multiple TPs and their parent PPCPs in the water bodies of coastal cities from tropical islands. Our findings suggest that chlorinated derivatives of bisphenol A, diclofenac, triclosan, and parabens in the surface water originate from sources other than wastewater disinfection or marine chlorination. Although further studies are needed to identify the origins, conventional wastewater treatments may protect natural water bodies against contamination by those chlorinated substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ling Chen
- Institute of Food Safety and Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taiwan.
| | - Yee Soon Ling
- Water Research Unit, Faculty of Science and Nature Resources, University Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia
| | | | - Xiao-Qian Lin
- Institute of Food Safety and Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taiwan; Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tunghai University, Taiwan
| | - Ze-Ying Chen
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taiwan
| | - Ho-Tang Liao
- Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taiwan
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Fu SC, Wang P, Qi MX, Peng JP, Lin XQ, Zhang CY, Zhao GX, He GH. The associations of TNF-α gene polymorphisms with bone mineral density and risk of osteoporosis: A meta-analysis. Int J Rheum Dis 2019; 22:1619-1629. [PMID: 31273943 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.13647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fracture is a common consequence of osteoporosis and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Recently, increasing evidence has suggested that polymorphisms in tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) gene were associated with osteoporosis risk and bone mineral density (BMD), but results remain conflicting. We herein performed a meta-analysis based on evidence currently available from the literature to make a more precise estimation of these relationships. METHODS The PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure) and Wan Fang databases were searched for eligible studies. Articles meeting the inclusion criteria were comprehensively reviewed and all available data were accumulated. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) or mean differences (MDs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were applied to assess the strength of the relationships. RESULTS A total of 15 studies involving 5273 subjects were included in our meta-analysis. The GG genotype of TNF-α G308A was associated with an increased risk of osteoporosis under a mutant model (GG vs GA+AA: OR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.51-0.77, P < 0.0001, I2 = 31%). Additionally, we also observed a significant association between G308A polymorphism and BMD of lumbar spine (AA vs GG: P = 0.01, I2 = 53%). However, TNF-α T1031C, C857T and C863A polymorphisms had no obvious impacts on osteoporosis risk. CONCLUSIONS The present meta-analysis demonstrated that TNF-α G308A polymorphism may act as a potential candidate biomarker for screening, diagnosis, and treatment of osteoporosis, which will help improve individualized therapy of osteoporosis patients in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suo-Chao Fu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Guangzhou General Hospital of PLA, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The 920th Hospital of PLA Joint Service Security Forces, Kunming, China.,Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Ming-Xing Qi
- Department of Pharmacy, Baoshan People's Hospital, Baoshan, China
| | - Jing-Ping Peng
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, The 920th Hospital of PLA Joint Service Security Forces, Kunming, China
| | - Xiao-Qian Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, The 920th Hospital of PLA Joint Service Security Forces, Kunming, China
| | - Cai-Yun Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The 920th Hospital of PLA Joint Service Security Forces, Kunming, China.,Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Gui-Xin Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, The 920th Hospital of PLA Joint Service Security Forces, Kunming, China.,Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Gong-Hao He
- Department of Pharmacy, The 920th Hospital of PLA Joint Service Security Forces, Kunming, China
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Shen ML, Xiao A, Yin SJ, Wang P, Lin XQ, Yu CB, He GH. Associations between UGT2B7 polymorphisms and cancer susceptibility: A meta-analysis. Gene 2019; 706:115-123. [PMID: 31082503 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND UGT2B7 was recently acknowledged as a new critical enzyme involved in biotransformation of a variety of carcinogens, whose function was reported to be significantly associated with its encoding gene (UGT2B7) polymorphisms. However, results regarding the associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of UGT2B7 and cancer risk still remained controversial. Therefore, a meta-analysis was conducted to further elucidate the role of UGT2B7 SNPs on cancer susceptibilities. METHODS PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane library, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Technology of Chongqing (VIP) and Wan Fang Database were searched for eligible studies until March 2019. All analysis was carried out using the Review Manager 5.3 software. Subgroup analyses were performed by cancer types, ethnicity or source of controls. RESULTS 13 studies with a total of 7688 cancer cases and 11,281 controls were included in this meta-analysis. The results showed that UGT2B7 rs7439366 increased the colorectal cancer risk in dominant model (OR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.61-0.95, P = 0.02). However, as for the rs7435335 and rs12233719, we did not find their associations with cancer risk in all genetic models. In addition, the rs7441774 was found to be associated with breast cancer risk and significantly reduced papillary thyroid cancer risk in rs3924194 was also observed. Nevertheless, these findings remained to be further proven in future studies since these 2 SNPs were only respectively involved in 1 study. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis confirmed the association of UGT2B7 rs7439366 with colorectal cancer risk, which may be a potential promising biomarker for prediction of colorectal cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Li Shen
- Institute of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Dali University, Dali 671000, China; Department of Pharmacy, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Kunming 650032, China
| | - An Xiao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650000, China
| | - Sun-Jun Yin
- Department of Pharmacy, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Xiao-Qian Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Chen-Bin Yu
- Emergency Department, Taikang Xianlin Drum Tower Hospital affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210046, China.
| | - Gong-Hao He
- Department of Pharmacy, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Kunming 650032, China.
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Lin XQ, Wang P, Cai WK, Xu GL, Yang M, Zhou MD, Sun M, He F, He GH. The Associations Between CYP2D6 Metabolizer Status and Pharmacokinetics and Clinical Outcomes of Venlafaxine: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Pharmacopsychiatry 2018; 52:222-231. [PMID: 30485867 DOI: 10.1055/a-0792-1340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background The association between CYP2D6 metabolizer status and clinical outcomes of venlafaxine was extensively investigated previously, but no widely accepted conclusion has been reached so far. To obtain a more precise estimation of the association, a systematic review by meta-analysis was conducted in the present study.
Methods The PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Technology of Chongqing, and Wan Fang Database were searched for eligible studies up to August 2018.
Results Fourteen related studies involving 1035 patients were finally included. Significant associations were found among 3 CYP2D6 phenotypes (NM, IM, and PM) and most pharmacokinetic parameters of venlafaxine. However, CYP2D6 phenotypes were not associated with Hamilton Depression Rating Scale response of venlafaxine. In addition, we also found no significant association between CYP2D6 phenotype and overall rate of adverse events.
Conclusions CYP2D6 metabolizer status had significant influence on venlafaxine pharmacokinetics, but insufficient evidence demonstrated that CYP2D6 metabolizer status was associated with its therapeutic effects and overall rate of adverse events, which provided further evidence regarding the relationship between CYP2D6 metabolizer status and venlafaxine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qian Lin
- Research Center of Clinical Pharmacology, Yunnan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Kunming General Hospital of PLA, Kunming, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Kunming General Hospital of PLA, Kunming, China
- Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Wen-Ke Cai
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Kunming General Hospital of PLA, Kunming, China
| | - Gui-Li Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Kunming General Hospital of PLA, Kunming, China
| | - Mei Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Kunming General Hospital of PLA, Kunming, China
| | - Meng-Di Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Kunming General Hospital of PLA, Kunming, China
- Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Mei Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Kunming General Hospital of PLA, Kunming, China
- Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Fang He
- The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province (KunHua Hospital Affiliated to Kunming University of Science and Technology), Kunming, China
| | - Gong-Hao He
- Department of Pharmacy, Kunming General Hospital of PLA, Kunming, China
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Chen WL, Cheng JY, Lin XQ. Systematic screening and identification of the chlorinated transformation products of aromatic pharmaceuticals and personal care products using high-resolution mass spectrometry. Sci Total Environ 2018; 637-638:253-263. [PMID: 29751307 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) are an emerging concern because of the large amount of PPCPs that is discharged and its potential ecological effects on the aquatic environment. Chlorination has proven efficient for removing some aromatic PPCPs from wastewater, but the formation of by-products has not been thoroughly investigated partly because of analytical difficulties. This study developed a method for systematically screening and identifying the transformation products (TPs) of multiple aromatic PPCPs through high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). We spiked an environmentally relevant concentration (5000 ng/L) of three anti-inflammatory drugs, four parabens, bisphenol A, oxybenzone, and triclosan in the Milli-Q water and water containing natural organic matter (NOM). Low-dose chlorination (0.2-0.7 mg/L) was performed. We compared the chemical profiles of the chlorinated and untreated water and selected the ions to be identified based on the results of t-test and the ratio of signal intensities. Compound matching and isotopic pattern comparison were applied to characterising the molecular formulae of TPs. The fragmentation of the PPCPs and TPs was used in elucidating the structures of the TPs. The confirmation of TPs was achieved by comparing the retention time and fragment patterns of TPs with the isomer standards. In the chlorinated water, the aromatic PPCPs were substantially removed, except for the anti-inflammatory drugs (removal rates -5.2%-26%). Even with moderate chlorine dosages, all of the aromatic PPCPs, except for acetylsalicylic acid, were transformed into chlorinated derivatives in the Milli-Q water, and so were some PPCPs in the NOM-added water. The results of structure elucidation and compound confirmation as well as the increases in log Kow suggested that chlorination could transform aromatic PPCPs into more persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic TPs. The presence of these TPs in the effluents where the PPCPs are removed through chlorination may pose increased risks to aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ling Chen
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Tunghai University, No. 1727, Sec. 4, Taiwan Boulevard, Xitun District, Taichung 40704, Taiwan.
| | - Jiun-Yi Cheng
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Tunghai University, No. 1727, Sec. 4, Taiwan Boulevard, Xitun District, Taichung 40704, Taiwan
| | - Xiao-Qian Lin
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Tunghai University, No. 1727, Sec. 4, Taiwan Boulevard, Xitun District, Taichung 40704, Taiwan
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Lin QB, Dong J, Ke KY, Lin XQ, Kong JF, Xiong KG, Chen LF. [Validation of the diagnostic value of GALAD model in hepatocellular carcinoma patients]. Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi 2018; 26:621-623. [PMID: 30317796 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1007-3418.2018.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Q B Lin
- Department of Hepatology, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University(Infectious Disease Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University), Fuzhou 350025, China
| | - J Dong
- Liver Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China
| | - K Y Ke
- Department of Hepatology, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University(Infectious Disease Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University), Fuzhou 350025, China
| | - X Q Lin
- Department of Hepatology, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University(Infectious Disease Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University), Fuzhou 350025, China
| | - J F Kong
- Department of Hepatology, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University(Infectious Disease Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University), Fuzhou 350025, China
| | - K G Xiong
- Department of Hepatology, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University(Infectious Disease Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University), Fuzhou 350025, China
| | - L F Chen
- Department of Hepatology, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University(Infectious Disease Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University), Fuzhou 350025, China
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He GH, Ding JQ, Zhang X, Xu WM, Lin XQ, Huang MJ, Feng J, Wang P, Cai WK. Activation of histamine H 4 receptor suppresses the proliferation and invasion of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma via both metabolism and non-metabolism signaling pathways. J Mol Med (Berl) 2018; 96:951-964. [PMID: 30058054 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-018-1676-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Although dysregulation of histamine H4 receptor (H4R) has widely and frequently been documented in digestive carcinomas and correlates with the malignancy and proliferation of these tumors, the existence of H4R and its pathophysiological function in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains unknown. In our present study, we explored the expression and function of H4R in human ESCC samples and cell lines. H4R was overexpressed in poorly differentiated ESCC samples and cell lines and correlated with the median survival of ESCC patients. H4R activation not only significantly blocked cell proliferation, cell cycle, and invasion but also inhibited the growth of TE-2 xenografts and increased the survival of xenograft-bearing mice. According to the mechanistic experiments, both metabolism (acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase 2 (ACSS2))- and non-metabolism (mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK))-related pathways were involved in the effect of H4R activation on suppressing tumor proliferation and invasion. Based on these findings, H4R was overexpressed in esophageal cancer and exerted antitumor effects on ESCC proliferation and invasion, suggesting that H4R may be a novel potential target of therapies for ESCC. KEY MESSAGES The function of H4R in ESCC and the underlying mechanisms were investigated. H4R expression was correlated with ESCC cell differentiation and patients' survival. Both metabolism (ACSS2) and non-metabolism (MAPK)-related pathways were involved. This study provided new insight into the relationship between H4R and ESCC. H4R may be a novel potential therapeutic target for ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gong-Hao He
- Department of Pharmacy, Kunming General Hospital of PLA, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Jia-Qi Ding
- Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kunming General Hospital of PLA, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Wen-Mang Xu
- Department of Pathology, Kunming General Hospital of PLA, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Xiao-Qian Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, Kunming General Hospital of PLA, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Mei-Jin Huang
- Department of Oncology, Kunming General Hospital of PLA, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Ju Feng
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Kunming General Hospital of PLA, 212 Daguan Rd, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Kunming General Hospital of PLA, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Wen-Ke Cai
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Kunming General Hospital of PLA, 212 Daguan Rd, Kunming, 650032, China.
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Zhang J, Cai WK, Zhang Z, Wang P, Lin XQ, Feng J, Fu SC, He GH. Cardioprotective effect of histamine H2 antagonists in congestive heart failure: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e0409. [PMID: 29642208 PMCID: PMC5908598 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000010409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Histamine H2 antagonists (H2RAs) have long been suggested to have beneficial effects on congestive heart failure (CHF). However, full agreement about the cardioprotective effects of H2RAs is still not reached yet. Therefore, this study aims to clarify the effects of H2RAs on myocardial function in CHF patients by meta-analysis. METHODS Electronic databases including PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library were retrieved. Randomized controlled trials comparing the cardiac effects of H2RAs and placebo or other medicines were collected. Pooled mean differences (MDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated and meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software. RESULTS A total of 10 studies (472 participants) were included in this meta-analysis. H2RAs exhibited significant negative inotropic and chronotropic effects to reduce heart rate (MD: -3.90; 95%CI: -7.07 to -0.73, P = .02). Furthermore, although H2RAs did not affect the blood pressure in health volunteers, they significantly decreased the blood pressure of CHF patients. Additionally, H2RAs were also associated with significant increase in pre-ejection period and the ratio of pre-ejection period to left ventricular ejection time. CONCLUSION In summary, these findings showed that H2RAs exerted negative inotropic and chronotropic effects to reduce heart rate and blood pressure, which, similar to beta-adrenergic receptor blockers, might decrease myocardial oxygen demand and eventually result in improvement of CHF symptoms. These data provided further evidence for the effect of H2RAs on cardiac function and novel potential strategy for treatment of CHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhang
- Research Center of Clinical Pharmacology, Yunnan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Department of Pharmacy
| | - Wen-Ke Cai
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Kunming General Hospital of PLA, Kunming
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Medical Engineering Section, the 306th Hospital of PLA, Beijing
| | | | | | - Ju Feng
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Kunming General Hospital of PLA, Kunming
| | - Suo-Chao Fu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Guangzhou General Hospital of PLA, Guangzhou, China
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Wu CQ, Cao SG, Xia XP, Xu CL, Xia SL, Lin XQ, Jin J, Ding R, Jiang Y. [Association of Crohn's disease with aryl hydrocarbon receptor gene polymorphisms and haplotypes]. Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi 2018; 57:37-43. [PMID: 29325309 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0578-1426.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the relationship of Crohn's disease (CD) susceptibility to aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) polymorphisms and haplotypes in Han population in Wenzhou city, China. Methods: A total of 310 CD patients and 573 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were enrolled in our study. Three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of AhR(rs10249788,rs2158041,rs2066853) were determined by the improved multiple ligase detection reaction technique. Unconditional logistic regression analyses was applied to analyze the allelic and genotypic differences of each SNP between CD patients and controls, as well as their influence on the clinicopathologic characteristics in CD patients. Analyses of linkage disequilibrium and haplotype were performed by Haploview 4.2 software in all study subjects. Results: Compared with the controls, the variant allele (T) and genotype (CT+TT) of (rs2158041) were evidently decreased among CD patients (19.52% vs. 25.04%, P=0.009; 34.19% vs. 44.68%, P=0.003). According to "the Montreal Classification Standards" , CD patients were divided into different subgroups. The variant allele (T) and genotype (CT+TT) of (rs2158041) were significantly lower in patients with terminal ileum CD than in controls (16.79% vs. 25.04%, P=0.005; 28.24% vs. 44.68%, P=0.001). Similar conclusions were also drawn in patients with constricting disease when compared with the controls (15.20% vs. 25.04%, P=0.003; 28.43% vs. 44.68%, P=0.003). The three SNPs above were shown to be in a linkage disequilibrium. Compared with the controls respectively, the frequency of haplotype (CCG) was increased in CD patients (44.73% vs. 39.60%, P=0.039), whereas that of haplotype (CTG) was decreased (18.02% vs. 22.78%, P=0.047). Conclusions: AhR (rs2158041) variation might influence the risk as well as the location and behavior of CD. The haplotype (CCG) possibly increase the risk of CD development, whereas haplotype (CTG) might decrease it.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Y Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
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Qin YY, Zhang DH, Lin XQ, Ouyang M, Zhang JX, Xie ZH, Liu YQ, Li SY, Zhou CZ. [Clinical analysis of 36 cases of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with performance status (PS) scores between 2 and 4]. Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi 2017; 39:855-861. [PMID: 29151293 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-3766.2017.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To analyze the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with performance status (PS) scores between 2 and 4, in order to improve the diagnosis and treatment of these patients. Methods: A total of 36 patients with advanced NSCLC with hypoxemia were reviewed. The clinical data of disease characteristics, etiology, complications, manifestation, therapy, progression, and secondary biopsy were collected. The clinical efficacy was graded according to the Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors (RECIST): complete response (CR), partial response (PR), stable disease (SD) and disease progression (PD). Results: All patients had hypoxemia, of whom 86.1% (31 patients) had complications and 55.6% (20 patients) had noninvasive ventilator for respiratory support. 77.8% (28 cases) received broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment, and 78.6% of them got lung osmotic relief after the anti-infection treatment. 15 cases received bedside fiberoptic bronchoscopy suction, of whom two cases were treated with airway stent deposition due to airway obstruction, four cases with thoracic drainage, four cases with anticoagulation, and one with thrombolytic therapy. After these supportive treatment, the PS score of these patients decreased from 3.4±0.5 to 2.5±0.7, while SPO(2) improved from (89.0±5.2)% to (95.0±3.5)%. As first-ling anti-cancer treatment, nine patients were administrated with targeted medicine orally, 13 patients with a combined chemotherapy of pemetrexed plus bevacizumab or carboplatin, eight patients with paclitaxel plus carboplatin, four patients with gemcitabine plus carboplatin, and two patients with docetaxel plus gemcitabine. In the first response evaluation, there were one case of CR, 23 cases of PR, four cases of SD, and eight cases of PD, with a clinical benefit rate of 66.7% and a disease control rate of 77.8%. A total of 22 patients experienced disease progression, of whom eight cases had a secondary biopsy and six cases had gene sequencing. Of these 36 patients, 10 (27.8%) patients survived at the last follow-up, with a progression-free survival of (10.0±6.5) months. Conclusion: Besides prompt anti-cancer treatment and best supportive treatment should be incorporated to improve PS and improve outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Y Qin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory, Guangzhou respiratory health research institute, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - D H Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory, Guangzhou respiratory health research institute, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - X Q Lin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory, Guangzhou respiratory health research institute, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - M Ouyang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory, Guangzhou respiratory health research institute, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - J X Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory, Guangzhou respiratory health research institute, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Z H Xie
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory, Guangzhou respiratory health research institute, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Y Q Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory, Guangzhou respiratory health research institute, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - S Y Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory, Guangzhou respiratory health research institute, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - C Z Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory, Guangzhou respiratory health research institute, Guangzhou 510120, China
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Wang P, Lin XQ, Cai WK, Xu GL, Zhou MD, Yang M, He GH. Effect of UGT2B7 genotypes on plasma concentration of valproic acid: a meta-analysis. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2017; 74:433-442. [DOI: 10.1007/s00228-017-2395-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Zhang DG, Xia XP, Wu H, Lin XQ, Jiang LJ, Ding R, Jiang Y. [Association of ulcerative colitis with fork head/winged helix transcription factor-3 gene polymorphisms in Chinese patients]. Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi 2017; 56:188-193. [PMID: 28253599 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0578-1426.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the association of ulcerative colitis (UC) with fork head/winged helix transcription factor-3 (Foxp3) polymorphisms in Han population in Zhejiang province, China. Methods: A total of 381 UC patients and 490 healthy controls were enrolled in this study.The four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of Foxp3 (rs3761547, rs2232365, rs2294021, rs3761548) were examined by SNaPshot.The analyses of linkage disequilibrium (LD) and haplotype were also performed in all study subjects. Results: When male and female UC patients were compared with their corresponding controls respectively, the alleles and genotypes of the four SNPs were not statistically different (all P>0.05). According to severity and location of the disease, the UC patients were divided into different subgroups. The alleles (C, G, A) of (rs2232365, rs2294021, rs3761548) were more frequent in male patients with severe UC than in the male controls (69.6% vs 34.3%, P=0.001; 69.6% vs 34.3%, P=0.001; 39.1% vs 14.4%, P=0.002, respectively). As compared with the female controls, the alleles (C, G, A) and genotypes (TC+ CC, AG+ GG, CA+ AA) of (rs2232365, rs2294021, rs3761548) were significantly increased in the female patients with severe UC (51.9% vs 38.0%, 63.5% vs 39.2%, 53.8% vs 21.4%, 80.8% vs 57.7%, 84.6% vs 58.4%, 76.9% vs 34.7%, all P<0.05). The four SNPs above were shown to be in a strong LD both in male and in female subjects.When male and female UC patients were compared with their corresponding controls respectively, nevertheless, each haplotype frequency was not statistically different (all P>0.05). Conclusions:Foxp3 (rs2232365, rs2294021, rs3761548) variations might engender the increased risk of severe UC in Chinese Han patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Y Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
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Xiong KG, Ke KY, Chen LF, Wei DH, Lin XQ, Chen L. [Association between high expression of intrahepatic programmed death-1 and liver inflammation in patients with autoimmune hepatitis]. Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi 2017; 25:263-267. [PMID: 28494544 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1007-3418.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the expression of programmed death-1 (PD-1) in liver tissue and its association with liver pathology in patients with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). Methods: A total of 54 AIH patients (38 in the active stage and 16 in the remission stage) were enrolled, and 9 healthy volunteers were enrolled as control group. Immunohistochemistry combined with quantitative image analysis was used to measure the expression of PD-1 in liver tissue. The t-test, rank sum test, one-way analysis of variance, least significant difference t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Pearson relation analysis were used for statistical analysis of different types of data. Results: The AIH group had a significantly higher positive rate of PD-1 in liver tissue than the control group (13.57%±6.84% vs 2.22%±0.66%, P < 0.01), and the patients in the active stage of AIH had a significantly higher positive rate of PD-1 in liver tissue than those in the remission stage (16.53%±7.72% vs 6.56%±3.16%, P < 0.01). The positive rate of PD-1 in liver tissue was 6.56%±3.16% in G0 group, 14.33%±5.08% in G1-2 group, and 19.23%±5.41% in G3-4 group (P < 0.01), but there was no significant difference in the positive rate of PD-1 between S0, S1-2, and S3-4 groups (P > 0.05). In AIH patients, the positive rate of PD-1 in liver tissue was positively correlated with the levels of total bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and IgG (r = 0.665, 0.721, 0.711, and 0.813, all P < 0.01). Conclusion: AIH patients have regulated PD-1 expression in liver tissue, which is closely associated with liver inflammation and is not associated with fibrosis degree, suggesting that PD-1 is involved in the development and progression of inflammation in AIH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- K G Xiong
- Fuzhou Municipal Infectious Disease Hospital, Infectious Disease Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, China
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Zhang RC, Mu YF, Dong J, Lin XQ, Geng DQ. Complex effects of apoplexy secondary to pituitary adenoma. Rev Neurosci 2017; 28:59-64. [PMID: 27802176 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2016-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractPituitary adenoma apoplexy is a well-known clinical syndrome induced by insulin infusion, cardiac surgery, trauma, and hypothalamic releasing factors. Pituitary apoplexy can cause secondary cerebral infarct and internal carotid artery occlusion. With blockade of tumor perfusion, apoplexy triggers a sudden onset of headache, visual impairment, cranial nerve palsy, disturbances of consciousness, eyelid ptosis, and hemiparesis. However, pituitary adenoma cells with high metabolic demand cannot survive with deficient blood supply and glucose concentrations. Moreover, a number of case reports have shown that spontaneous remission of syndromes, such as acromegaly, may be caused by pituitary adenoma after apoplexy. Therefore, understanding mechanism that underlies the balance between pituitary adenoma apoplexy and subsequent spontaneous remission of syndromes may suggest new approaches for treatment of pituitary adenoma apoplexy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Cheng Zhang
- 1Center of Clinical Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying-Feng Mu
- 2Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Dong
- 1Center of Clinical Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao-Qian Lin
- 1Center of Clinical Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu, China
| | - De-Qin Geng
- 3Center of Clinical Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huai-hai Road, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu, China
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Huang SF, Zhu Y, Lin XQ, Chen TH, Ye Y, Zhong WL, Lin SG, Yin P. [Estimation of underreporting rate of death cases in disease surveillance system of Fujian province using propensity score weighting method, 2012-2014]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2016; 37:1476-1479. [PMID: 28057138 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0254-6450.2016.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To understand the underreporting of death cases and related factors in disease surveillance system of Fujian province. Methods: We carried out a field underreporting survey in 20 disease surveillance sites selected through stratified cluster random sampling during 2012-2014. The related factors of underreporting were analyzed by using logistic regression method. Propensity score weighting method was used to calculate the underreporting rate in different groups classified by year, urban/rural areas, gender, age and death cause variables. Results: The overall underreporting rate was 9.21%(95%CI: 9.06%-9.39%) after adjusting by propensity score weighting method. The underreporting rate was higher in rural area (11.55%, 95%CI: 11.30%-11.81%) than in urban area (6.64%, 95%CI: 6.50%-6.78%). The underreporting rate was highest in age group 0-14 years (36.29%, 95% CI: 34.23%-38.67%) and lowest in age group ≥65 years (7.91%, 95% CI: 7.78%-8.03%). The underreporting rate was higher in people died of perinatal disease, congenital anomalies and injury. Conclusion: The underreporting rates were different between different groups classified by urban/rural areas, age and death cause variables. Propensity score weighting method can be used to adjust underreporting rate of death cases in mortality surveillance in Fujian.
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Affiliation(s)
- S F Huang
- Department of Chronic and Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Y Zhu
- Department of Chronic and Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - X Q Lin
- Department of Chronic and Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - T H Chen
- Department of Chronic and Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Y Ye
- Department of Chronic and Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - W L Zhong
- Department of Chronic and Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - S G Lin
- Department of Chronic and Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - P Yin
- National Center for Chronic and Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
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Zheng SZ, Xia XP, Wu H, Shao XX, Lin XQ, Wu XL, Jiang LJ, Ding R, Jiang Y. [Association of Crohn's disease with transcobalamin Ⅱ gene polymorphisms and serum homocysteine, folate and vitamin B12 levels in Chinese patients]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2016; 96:2390-2397. [PMID: 27545030 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0376-2491.2016.30.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of Crohn's disease (CD) with transcobalamin Ⅱ (TCN2) gene polymorphisms and serum homocysteine (Hcy), folate, and vitamin B12 levels in Chinese patients. METHODS In a total of 307 CD patients (CD group) and 574 healthy controls (control group) of Han ethnicity selected at 4 hospitals in Wenzhou between January 2007 and August 2015, TCN2 gene polymorphisms (rs1801198, C/G; rs9606756, A/G) in peripheral blood were determined using improved multiple ligase detection reaction (iMLDR). The Simplified Crohn's Disease Activity Index (CDAI) was applied to evaluate activity of CD. Eighty-eight CD patients and 138 age- and sex-matched controls were randomly selected from all the study subjects using computer-generated random numbers, in whom serum Hcy level was tested by enzymatic cycling assay, folate and vitamin B12 levels were examined by chemiluminescence immunoassay. RESULTS (1) The mutant allele (G) and genotype (CG+ GG) of rs1801198 were not significantly different between the CD group and the control group (both P>0.05), but more prevalent in patients with stricturing CD than in controls (65.75% vs 56.10%, 93.15% vs 82.40%, both P<0.05). The frequencies of mutant allele (G) and heterozygous genotype (AG) of rs9606756 were higher in CD patients than in controls (2.44% vs 1.05%, 4.89% vs 2.09%, both P<0.05), also higher in patients with stricturing CD or ileocolonic CD compared with controls (stricturing CD: 4.79% vs 1.05%, 9.59% vs 2.09%; ileocolonic CD: 3.18% vs 1.05%, 6.36% vs 2.09%; all P<0.05). The two polymorphic loci (rs1801198 and rs9606756) were shown to be in a weak linkage disequilibrium. The frequency of haplotype (GG) was higher in the CD patients than in the controls (2.23% vs 0.81%, P<0.05). (2) When compared with the controls, the serum Hcy level was higher in the CD patients (P=0.023), whereas the folate and vitamin B12 levels were decreased in the CD patients (both P<0.001). The prevalence of hyperhomocysteinemia (Hcy >15 μmol/L), folate deficiency (folate <4 μg/L) and vitamin B12 deficiency (<203 ng/L) were higher in the CD patients than in the controls (18.18% vs 4.35%, 27.27% vs 5.07%, 31.82% vs 5.07%, all P<0.01). Compared to the patients at remission stage (CDAI<5), the serum Hcy level was increased in those at active stage (CDAI≥5) (P=0.005), while the folate and vitamin B12 levels were decreased in the patients ate active stage (both P<0.05). (3) According to the results of multivariate linear regression analysis, average Hcy level in the CD patients was negatively associated with folate level (β=-0.494, P<0.001), while positively correlated with percentage of neutrophils (β=0.294, P=0.004). Unconditional Logistic regression showed that both folate deficiency and vitamin B12 deficiency were independent risk factors for CD (OR=5.415, OR=7.112, both P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS TCN2 rs1801198 mutation might be associated with increased risk of stricturing CD. TCN2 rs9606756 mutation might be a potential functional locus to affect CD susceptibility. Individuals carrying the haplotype (GG) formed by TCN2 (rs1801198 and rs9606756) seem to be at higher risk of developing CD. Hyperhomocysteinemia, folate deficiency, and vitamin B12 deficiency are prevalent in this cohort of CD patients of Han ethnicity from Zhejiang province. Both folate deficiency and vitamin B12 deficiency are independent risk factors for CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Z Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
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Feng XG, Xu XJ, Ye S, Lin YY, Chen P, Zhang XJ, Lin GY, Lin XQ. Recent Chlamydia pneumoniae infection is highly associated with active ankylosing spondylitis in a Chinese cohort. Scand J Rheumatol 2011; 40:289-91. [PMID: 21469941 DOI: 10.3109/03009742.2011.560891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to investigate the presence of anti-Chlamydia pneumoniae (Cp) antibodies in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) to determine whether there is an association with AS disease activity. METHODS Seventy-nine AS outpatients and 73 normal controls were enrolled in this case-control study. Serum anti-Cp immunoglobulins (CpIg) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), and Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) were also measured. Clinical and experimental data were collected, and the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) was determined. Patients with positive Cp IgM or Cp IgA were considered to have had a recent Cp infection. RESULTS Cp IgG was detected in the majority of AS patients and also controls (88.8% vs. 91.8%, respectively). The seroprevalence of Cp IgA and Cp IgM was significantly higher in AS patients than in the controls (51.9% vs. 31.5%, p = 0.010 for Cp IgA; 79.7% vs. 20.5%, p < 0.0001 for Cp IgM). Seropositivity of Cp IgM was associated with elevation of the disease activity index, including erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR; p = 0.021), C-reactive protein (CRP; p = 0.007) and the BASDAI (p = 0.009). Persistent positive Cp IgM was associated with active disease, while seroreversion of Cp IgM was associated with a reduction in these disease activity indices. There was no correlation between Cp IgM or Cp IgA and symptomatic upper respiratory infections or other clinical manifestations. CONCLUSIONS Recent Cp infections occur frequently in AS patients and Cp IgM antibody is correlated with active disease. These findings indicate that Cp infections may be a triggering factor for active AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- X G Feng
- Department of Rheumatology, Dongfang Hospital, Fuzhou, P R China.
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Chouljenko VN, Lin XQ, Storz J, Kousoulas KG, Gorbalenya AE. Comparison of genomic and predicted amino acid sequences of respiratory and enteric bovine coronaviruses isolated from the same animal with fatal shipping pneumonia. J Gen Virol 2001; 82:2927-2933. [PMID: 11714968 DOI: 10.1099/0022-1317-82-12-2927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The complete genome sequences are reported here of two field isolates of bovine coronavirus (BCoV), which were isolated from respiratory and intestinal samples of the same animal experiencing fatal pneumonia during a bovine shipping fever epizootic. Both genomes contained 31028 nucleotides and included 13 open reading frames (ORFs) flanked by 5'- and 3'-untranslated regions (UTRs). ORF1a and ORF1b encode replicative polyproteins pp1a and pp1ab, respectively, that contain all of the putative functional domains documented previously for the closest relative, mouse hepatitis virus. The genomes of the BCoV isolates differed in 107 positions, scattered throughout the genome except the 5'-UTR. Differences in 25 positions were non-synonymous and were located in all proteins except pp1b. Six replicase mutations were identified within or immediately downstream of the predicted largest pp1a-derived protein, p195/p210. Single amino acid changes within p195/p210 as well as within the S glycoprotein might contribute to the different phenotypes of the BCoV isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir N Chouljenko
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA1
| | - X Q Lin
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA1
| | - J Storz
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA1
| | - Konstantin G Kousoulas
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA1
| | - Alexander E Gorbalenya
- Advanced Biomedical Computing Center, Science Application International Corporation, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702-1201, USA2
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Yang L, He YZ, Gan WE, Lin XQ, Zhao YQ, Qu QS. Pre-concentration of non-uniform field electrophoresis for sample introduction of capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2001; 932:13-20. [PMID: 11695858 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)01233-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A new sample introduction method of capillary electrophoresis, in which field-amplified sample injection was combined with a pre-concentration of non-uniform field electrophoresis, is presented in this paper. With an additional pre-concentration voltage applied to sample solution, a non-uniform electric field was generated, with which analytical cations or anions were pre-concentrated around an electrode adjacent to the injection end of capillary. After the pre-concentration, analytical ions were injected into the capillary and stacked at the boundary between sample and buffer solution inside capillary by field-amplified injection technique. In contrast to the conventional field-amplified injection, larger concentration factor and higher analytical sensitivity were obtained with the improved pre-concentration method. Its concentration factor was about 10 approximately 15 fold as that of field-amplified sample injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, Hefei
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Li M, He YZ, Gan WE, Lin XQ, Yang L, Qu QS. [Study on sampling preconcentration method combining electrostacking with isotachophoresis in capillary electrophoresis]. Se Pu 2001; 19:176-8. [PMID: 12541669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A sampling preconcentration method combining electrostacking with isotachophoresis is presented in this paper. The optimum conditions for electrostacking and isotachophoresis were investigated. With the preconcentration conditions of 70 s electrostacking and 40 s isotachophoresis, two medicines, propranolol and metoprolol, with similar structures were separated by capillary zone electrophoresis. The working voltage for all the steps was 15 kV. Being adjusted to pH 4.0, 30 mmol/L NaAc-HAc, 30 mmol/L beta-alanine-HAc and 1.5 mmol/L NaAc-HAc were employed as the background, viz. leading, terminating and sample buffer solutions respectively. In comparing with the conventional electro-migration injection, the enhancement factors in peak height of the present method were about 250 and 160 for propranolol and metoprolol respectively. Total analysis time was similar to that of the conventional one.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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Lin XQ, Chouljenko VN, Kousoulas KG, Storz J. Temperature-sensitive acetylesterase activity of haemagglutinin-esterase specified by respiratory bovine coronaviruses. J Med Microbiol 2000; 49:1119-1127. [PMID: 11129725 DOI: 10.1099/0022-1317-49-12-1119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous respiratory bovine coronaviruses (RBCV) were isolated recently from nasal swab samples and lung tissues of feedlot cattle with acute respiratory tract disease. These newly emerging RBCV isolates exhibited distinct phenotypic features that differentiated them from enteropathogenic bovine coronaviruses (EBCV). The RBCV strains had a receptor-destroying enzyme function mediated by acetylesterase (AE) activity of the haemagglutinin-esterase (HE) glycoprotein. The HE genes of wild-type EBCV strain LY138 and RBCV strains OK-0514 (OK) and LSU-94LSS-051 (LSU) were cloned, sequenced and transiently expressed in COS-7 cells. The enzymic properties of HE proteins in COS-7 cellular extracts and in purified virus preparations were assayed at room temperature, 37 degrees C and 39 degrees C by two different assays. One assay used p-nitrophenyl acetate (PNPA) as substrate and detected serine-esterase activity; the second assay monitored AE function with bovine submaxillary mucin (BSM) as substrate. The PNPA tests confirmed that HE proteins of EBCV and RBCV were functionally expressed in transfected COS-7 cells. Time-dependent determination of the AE activity of purified RBCV OK and LSU particles showed lower AE activity at 39 degrees C than at 37 degrees C, whereas the purified EBCV LY particles retained full AE activity at both 37 degrees C and 39 degrees C. Transiently expressed RBCV HE exhibited a marked reduction of AE activity after 40 min of assay time at 37 degrees C. In contrast, the AE activity of the transiently expressed EBCV HE remained stable beyond 40 min. The deduced amino-acid sequences of the HE proteins specified by the RBCV strains OK and LSU contained specific amino-acid changes in comparison with the EBCV LY strain, which may be responsible for the observed enzymic differences. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that RBCV strains have evolved to selectivelyreplicate in respiratory tissues and that HE may play a role in this tissue tropism.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Q Lin
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - V N Chouljenko
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - K G Kousoulas
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - J Storz
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
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Abstract
A long-lasting bright chemiluminescence (CL) of luminol was generated at polycrystalline platinum electrodes with open circuit. The CL can last for several hours with the presence of O(2) in the solution when the electrode was preoxidized at potentials more positive than 1.10 V vs. SCE. The effects of the varieties of solution conditions and surface states of the electrode on the CL intensity and the interfacial potential of the electrode were investigated. It was proposed that PtO was generated at the pre-oxidized potentials and played a role of catalyst of luminol oxidation for generating the CL. The redox couple of PtO/Pt(active) at the electrode surface was maintained in the presence of O(2) and luminol, and generated the interfacial potential more positive than 140 mV. Mathematical treatment of the reaction mechanism was conducted, which led to an approximated expression of a steady CL intensity (I(CL)) as a function of the pre-polarization potential (E( h)) and time (tau( h)) of the electrode. An empirical equation, (I(CL))(4/3) = 3480(-1 + 0.82E( h) + 0.037 ln tau( h)), was estimated from the experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Q Lin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
Antibody responses against respiratory bovine coronavirus (RBCV) infections were monitored in cattle from the onset of a naturally occurring severe shipping fever (SF) epizootic to complete recovery of affected cattle or fatal outcomes. The infection with RBCV was detected in nasal secretions of 86 cattle, and 81 of them developed acute respiratory tract disease, including fatal pneumonia. Cattle nasally shedding RBCV at the beginning of the epizootic experienced characteristic primary immune responses with specific antibodies for hemagglutinin-esterase (HE) and spike (S) glycoproteins. Virus shedding in nasal secretions of the majority of the cattle ceased between days 7 and 14 with the appearance of HE- and S-specific antibodies. Nasal samples and lung tissues from 9 of the 10 fatal cases had high titers of RBCV, but these cattle had only IgM responses to RBCV infections. Cattle remaining negative in RBCV isolation tests entered this epizootic with antibodies against HE and S. Protection against respiratory tract disease was apparently associated with high level of opsonic and virus-neutralizing IgG2. The HE and S glycoproteins were recognized earliest by the bovine immune system while the N protein induced antibody responses during the later stage of initial infection and the early stage of reinfection. The membrane (M) glycoprotein was the least immunogenic of the major viral structural proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Q Lin
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge 70803, USA
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Wang TS, Lin XQ, Hao SQ, Wang HM, Meng FY, Zhao YH, Zhang LX. [Determination of the contents of mineral elements in the soil where the jinin big-wild ginseng grows]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 1989; 14:459-60, 509-10. [PMID: 2508666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The element contents in the soil where the Jilin Big-Wild Ginseng grows were determined with plasma emission spectrometry. 23 elements in the soil were found, of which 12 are macro and trace elements indispensable to Ginseng growth. This study provides a scientific basis for selecting suitable soil for planting wild ginseng, or for creating optimum soil conditions for the bumper harvest and high quality of Ginseng.
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Lin XQ, Kadish KM. Characteristics of a full edge current flow thin-layer electrochemical cell that uses both internal (real) and external (auxiliary) reference points. Anal Chem 1986; 58:1493-7. [PMID: 3728999 DOI: 10.1021/ac00298a049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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