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Oricchio E, Papapetrou EP, Lafaille F, Ganat YM, Kriks S, Ortega-Molina A, Mark WH, Teruya-Feldstein J, Huse JT, Reuter V, Sadelain M, Studer L, Wendel HG. A cell engineering strategy to enhance the safety of stem cell therapies. Cell Rep 2014; 8:1677-1685. [PMID: 25242333 PMCID: PMC4177332 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Revised: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The long-term risk of malignancy associated with stem cell therapies is a significant concern in the clinical application of this exciting technology. We report a cancer-selective strategy to enhance the safety of stem cell therapies. Briefly, using a cell engineering approach, we show that aggressive cancers derived from human or murine induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are strikingly sensitive to temporary MYC blockade. On the other hand, differentiated tissues derived from human or mouse iPSCs can readily tolerate temporary MYC inactivation. In cancer cells, endogenous MYC is required to maintain the metabolic and epigenetic functions of the embryonic and cancer-specific pyruvate kinase M2 isoform (PKM2). In summary, our results implicate PKM2 in cancer's increased MYC dependence and indicate dominant MYC inhibition as a cancer-selective fail-safe for stem cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Oricchio
- Cancer Biology & Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Eirini P Papapetrou
- Center for Cell Engineering, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Fabien Lafaille
- Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yosif M Ganat
- Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sonja Kriks
- Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ana Ortega-Molina
- Cancer Biology & Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Willie H Mark
- Mouse Genetics Core, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Julie Teruya-Feldstein
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jason T Huse
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Victor Reuter
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Michel Sadelain
- Center for Cell Engineering, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Lorenz Studer
- Center for Cell Engineering, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Hans-Guido Wendel
- Cancer Biology & Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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Miller JD, Ganat YM, Kishinevsky S, Bowman RL, Liu B, Tu EY, Mandal P, Vera E, Shim JW, Kriks S, Taldone T, Fusaki N, Tomishima MJ, Krainc D, Milner TA, Rossi DJ, Studer L. Human iPSC-based modeling of late-onset disease via progerin-induced aging. Cell Stem Cell 2013; 13:691-705. [PMID: 24315443 PMCID: PMC4153390 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2013.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 517] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Revised: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Reprogramming somatic cells to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) resets their identity back to an embryonic age and, thus, presents a significant hurdle for modeling late-onset disorders. In this study, we describe a strategy for inducing aging-related features in human iPSC-derived lineages and apply it to the modeling of Parkinson's disease (PD). Our approach involves expression of progerin, a truncated form of lamin A associated with premature aging. We found that expression of progerin in iPSC-derived fibroblasts and neurons induces multiple aging-related markers and characteristics, including dopamine-specific phenotypes such as neuromelanin accumulation. Induced aging in PD iPSC-derived dopamine neurons revealed disease phenotypes that require both aging and genetic susceptibility, such as pronounced dendrite degeneration, progressive loss of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression, and enlarged mitochondria or Lewy-body-precursor inclusions. Thus, our study suggests that progerin-induced aging can be used to reveal late-onset age-related disease features in hiPSC-based disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine D. Miller
- The Center for Stem Cell Biology, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Ave, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Ave, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Gerstner Sloan-Kettering Graduate School, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Ave, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yosif M. Ganat
- The Center for Stem Cell Biology, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Ave, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Ave, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sarah Kishinevsky
- The Center for Stem Cell Biology, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Ave, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Ave, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Robert L. Bowman
- Gerstner Sloan-Kettering Graduate School, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Ave, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Ave, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Becky Liu
- The Center for Stem Cell Biology, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Ave, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Ave, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Edmund Y. Tu
- The Center for Stem Cell Biology, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Ave, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Ave, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Pankaj Mandal
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Elsa Vera
- The Center for Stem Cell Biology, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Ave, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Ave, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jae-won Shim
- The Center for Stem Cell Biology, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Ave, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Ave, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sonja Kriks
- The Center for Stem Cell Biology, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Ave, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Ave, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Tony Taldone
- Molecular Pharmacology & Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Ave, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Noemi Fusaki
- DNAVEC Corporation, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mark J. Tomishima
- The Center for Stem Cell Biology, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Ave, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Ave, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Dimitri Krainc
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Teresa A. Milner
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, 407 East 61st Street, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Harold and Margaret Milliken Hatch Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Ave, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Derrick J. Rossi
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Lorenz Studer
- The Center for Stem Cell Biology, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Ave, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Ave, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Ganat YM, Calder EL, Kriks S, Nelander J, Tu EY, Jia F, Battista D, Harrison N, Parmar M, Tomishima MJ, Rutishauser U, Studer L. Identification of embryonic stem cell-derived midbrain dopaminergic neurons for engraftment. J Clin Invest 2012; 122:2928-39. [PMID: 22751106 DOI: 10.1172/jci58767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2011] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) represent a promising source of midbrain dopaminergic (DA) neurons for applications in Parkinson disease. However, ESC-based transplantation paradigms carry a risk of introducing inappropriate or tumorigenic cells. Cell purification before transplantation may alleviate these concerns and enable identification of the specific DA neuron stage most suitable for cell therapy. Here, we used 3 transgenic mouse ESC reporter lines to mark DA neurons at 3 stages of differentiation (early, middle, and late) following induction of differentiation using Hes5::GFP, Nurr1::GFP, and Pitx3::YFP transgenes, respectively. Transplantation of FACS-purified cells from each line resulted in DA neuron engraftment, with the mid-stage and late-stage neuron grafts being composed almost exclusively of midbrain DA neurons. Mid-stage neuron cell grafts had the greatest amount of DA neuron survival and robustly induced recovery of motor deficits in hemiparkinsonian mice. Our data suggest that the Nurr1+ stage (middle stage) of neuronal differentiation is particularly suitable for grafting ESC-derived DA neurons. Moreover, global transcriptome analysis of progeny from each of the ESC reporter lines revealed expression of known midbrain DA neuron genes and also uncovered previously uncharacterized midbrain genes. These data demonstrate remarkable fate specificity of ESC-derived DA neurons and outline a sequential stage-specific ESC reporter line paradigm for in vivo gene discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosif M Ganat
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY, USA
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Silbereis J, Cheng E, Ganat YM, Ment LR, Vaccarino FM. Precursors with glial fibrillary acidic protein promoter activity transiently generate GABA interneurons in the postnatal cerebellum. Stem Cells 2009; 27:1152-63. [PMID: 19418461 DOI: 10.1002/stem.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neural stem or progenitor cells (NSC/NPCs) able to generate the different neuron and glial cell types of the cerebellum have been isolated in vitro, but their identity and location in the intact cerebellum are unclear. Here, we use inducible Cre recombination in GFAPCreER(T2) mice to irreversibly activate reporter gene expression at P2 (postnatal day 2), P5, and P12 in cells with GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein) promoter activity and analyze the fate of genetically tagged cells in vivo. We show that cells tagged at P2-P5 with beta-galactosidase or enhanced green fluorescent proteins reporter genes generate at least 30% of basket and stellate GABAergic interneurons in the molecular layer (ML) and that they lose their neurogenic potential by P12, after which they generate only glia. Tagged cells in the cerebellar white matter (WM) were initially GFAP/S100beta+ and expressed the NSC/NPCs proteins LeX, Musashi1, and Sox2 in vivo. One week after tagging, reporter+ cells in the WM upregulated the neuronal progenitor markers Mash1, Pax2, and Gad-67. These Pax2+ progenitors migrated throughout the cerebellar cortex, populating the ML and leaving the WM by P18. These data suggest that a pool of GFAP/S100beta+ glial cells located in the cerebellar WM generate a large fraction of cerebellar interneurons for the ML within the first postnatal 12 days of cerebellar development. This restricted critical period implies that powerful inhibitory factors may restrict their fate potential in vivo at later stages of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Silbereis
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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Ganat YM, Silbereis J, Cave C, Ngu H, Anderson GM, Ohkubo Y, Ment LR, Vaccarino FM. Early postnatal astroglial cells produce multilineage precursors and neural stem cells in vivo. J Neurosci 2006; 26:8609-21. [PMID: 16914687 PMCID: PMC6674357 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2532-06.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To identify the fates that astroglial cells can attain in the postnatal brain, we generated mice carrying an inducible Cre recombinase (Cre-ER(T2)) controlled by the human GFAP promoter (hGFAP). In mice carrying the GCE (hGFAP-Cre-ER(T2)) transgene, OHT (4-hydroxy-tamoxifen) injections induced Cre recombination in astroglial cells at postnatal day 5 and allowed us to permanently tag these cells with reporter genes. Three days after recombination, reporter-tagged cells were quiescent astroglial cells that expressed the stem cell marker LeX in the subventricular zone (SVZ) and dentate gyrus (DG). After 2-4 weeks, the tagged GFAP lineage included proliferating progenitors expressing the neuronal marker Dcx (Doublecortin) in the SVZ and the DG. After 4 weeks, the GFAP lineage generated mature neurons in the olfactory bulb (OB), DG, and, strikingly, also in the cerebral cortex. A major portion of all neurons in the DG and OB born at the end of the first postnatal week were generated from GFAP+ cells. In addition to neurons, mature oligodendrocytes and astrocytes populating the cerebral cortex and white matter were also the progeny of GFAP+ astroglial ancestors. Thus, genetic fate mapping of postnatal GFAP+ cells reveals that they seed the postnatal brain with neural progenitors/stem cells that in turn give rise to neural precursors and their mature neuronal and oligodendrocytic progeny in many CNS regions, including the cerebral cortex.
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