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Jang OJ, Chung YI, Lee JW, Kim HC, Seo JS. Emotional Distress of the COVID-19 Cluster Infection on Health Care Workers Working at a National Hospital in Korea. J Korean Med Sci 2021; 36:e324. [PMID: 34873887 PMCID: PMC8648606 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2021.36.e324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Frontline healthcare workers responding to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) inevitably face tremendous psychological burden. Thus, the present study aimed to identify the psychological impact and the factors contributing to the likely increase in emotional distress of healthcare workers. METHODS The participants include a total of 99 healthcare workers at Bugok National Hospital. Psychometric scales were used to assess emotional distress (12-item General Health Questionnaire; GHQ-12), depression symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-9; PHQ-9), and post-traumatic stress disorder-related symptoms (Impact of Events Scale-Revised; IES-R). A supplementary questionnaire was administered to investigate the experience of healthcare workers exposed to COVID-19-infected patients. Based on the results of GHQ-12 survey, participants were categorized into two groups: distress and non-distress. All the assessed scores were compared between the two groups. A logistic regression model was constructed to identify factors associated with emotional distress. RESULTS Emotional distress was reported by 45.3% (n = 45) of all participants. The emotionally distressed group was more likely to be female, manage close contacts, have higher scores on PHQ-9 and IES-R, feel increased professional risk, and report that proper infection control training was not provided. Female gender, managing close contacts, higher scores on PHQ-9, and a feeling that proper infection control training was not provided were associated with emotional distress in logistic regression. CONCLUSION Frontline healthcare workers face tremendous psychological burden during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, appropriate psychological interventions should be provided to the HCWs engaged in the management of COVID-19-infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Og-Jin Jang
- Department of Psychiatry, Bugok National Hospital, Changnyeong, Korea
| | - Young-In Chung
- Department of Psychiatry, Bugok National Hospital, Changnyeong, Korea
| | - Jae-Woon Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Bugok National Hospital, Changnyeong, Korea
| | - Ho-Chan Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Jeong Seok Seo
- Department of Psychiatry, Chung-Ang University Hospital, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea.
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Suh H, Lee YM, Park JM, Lee BD, Moon E, Jeong H, Kim SY, Lee KY, Kim HJ, Pak K, Choi KU, Mun CW, Chung YI. Smaller hippocampal volume in APOE ε4 carriers independent of amyloid-β (Aβ) burden. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2021; 317:111381. [PMID: 34508954 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2021.111381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of the APOE ε4 genotype with hippocampal volume, independent of Aβ burden. METHOD This cross-sectional study included 71 participants with mild cognitive impairment or mild AD. All participants were divided into carriers or non-carriers of the ε4 allele. The main outcome was hippocampal volume measured using structural magnetic resonance imaging; 18F-florbetaben positron emission tomography was additionally performed to investigate the association of APOE ε4 genotype with hippocampal volumes, independently of Aβ burden. Analysis of covariance was conducted to compare the differences in hippocampal volumes between carriers and non-carriers of the ε4 allele after controlling for global Aβ burden or local hippocampal Aβ burden. RESULTS The APOE ε4 genotype was associated with a smaller right and total hippocampal volume (right: 3160.16 ± 365.71 vs. 3365.24 ± 434.88, p < 0.05; total: 6257.48 ± 790.60 vs. 6599.52 ± 840.58, p < 0.05), independent of Aβ burden. CONCLUSION Our findings on the association of APOEε4 genotype with hippocampal volume independent of Aβ burden suggest that the APOEε4 genotype may contribute to hippocampal neurodegeneration through an Aβ-independent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwagyu Suh
- Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea; Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Min Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea; Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea.
| | - Je-Min Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea; Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Dae Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea; Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsoo Moon
- Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea; Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jeong
- Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea; Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Yeon Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea; Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Yoon Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea; Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak-Jin Kim
- Department of Radiology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungjune Pak
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Un Choi
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea; Department of Pathology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi-Woong Mun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and FIRST, Inje University, Gimhae, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-In Chung
- Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
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Jeong HJ, Lee YM, Park JM, Lee BD, Moon E, Suh H, Kim HJ, Pak K, Choi KU, Chung YI. Reduced Thickness of the Anterior Cingulate Cortex as a Predictor of Amnestic-Mild Cognitive Impairment Conversion to Alzheimer's Disease with Psychosis. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 84:1709-1717. [PMID: 34719496 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A long-term follow-up study in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) is needed to elucidate the association between regional brain volume and psychopathological mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease with psychosis (AD + P). OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the thickness of the angular cingulate cortex (ACC) on the risk of AD + P conversion in patients with aMCI. METHODS This was a hospital-based prospective longitudinal study including 174 patients with aMCI. The main outcome measure was time-to-progression from aMCI to AD + P. Subregions of the ACC (rostral ACC, rACC; caudal ACC, cACC) and hippocampus (HC) were measured as regions of interest with magnetic resonance imaging and the Freesurfer analysis at baseline. Survival analysis with time to incident AD + P as an event variable was calculated with Cox proportional hazards models using the subregions of the ACC and HC as a continuous variable. RESULTS Cox proportional hazard analyses showed that the risk of AD + P was associated with sub-regional ACC thickness but not HC volume: reduced cortical thickness of the left cACC (HR [95%CI], 0.224 [0.087-0.575], p = 0.002), right cACC (HR [95%CI], 0.318 [0.132-0.768], p = 0.011). This association of the cACC with the risk of AD also remained significant when adjusted for HC volume. CONCLUSION We found that reduced cortical thickness of the cACC is a predictor of aMCI conversion to AD + P, independent of HC, suggesting that the ACC plays a vital role in the underlying pathogenesis of AD + P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Jeong Jeong
- Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Min Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Min Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Dae Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsoo Moon
- Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwagyu Suh
- Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak-Jin Kim
- Department of Radiology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungjune Pak
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Un Choi
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pathology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-In Chung
- Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
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Jeong HJ, Suh H, Lee YM, Kyung Park H, Kim HJ, Pak K, Choi KU, Chung YI. Association of Temporolimbic Volumes with Treatment Response to Antipsychotic Medication for Delusion in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease. Alpha Psychiatry 2021; 22:244-249. [PMID: 36447443 PMCID: PMC9685667 DOI: 10.1530/alphapsychiatry.2021.21157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the association between gray matter volume and the treatment response to antipsychotic medication in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS We included 26 AD patients with delusions from the Memory Impairment Center of the Pusan National University Hospital in South Korea. All participants underwent baseline brain magnetic resonance imaging and took risperidone as an antipsychotic medication for 6 weeks. Gray matter volumes were measured using voxel-based morphometry at baseline. Treatment response with respect to delusional symptoms was defined as the change in delusion item scores in the Korean version of the Neuropsychiatry Inventory (K-NPI), from baseline to 6 weeks later. A voxel-based multiple linear regression model integrated with statistical parametric mapping was used to investigate the association between gray matter volume and treatment response after controlling for covariates. RESULTS The treatment response was significantly positively correlated with gray matter volume in the temporal lobe (both the fusiform gyri and the left superior and inferior temporal gyri) and the limbic system (the left parahippocampal gyrus and left amygdala) after controlling for age, sex, education level, total intracranial volume, risperidone dosage, baseline Korean version of the Mini-Mental Status Examination scores, and baseline K-NPI scores for the delusion and non-delusion domains (P < .001, uncorrected, KE > 100 voxels). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that specific gray matter volumes, including those of the temporal region and the limbic system, may affect treatment response to antipsychotic medication in terms of delusional symptoms in patients with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Jeong Jeong
- Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwagyu Suh
- Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Min Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Kyung Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak-Jin Kim
- Department of Radiology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyongjune Pak
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Un Choi
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pathology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-In Chung
- Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
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Jeong Jeong HJ, Suh H, Lee YM, Park HK, Kim HJ, Pak K, Choi KU, Chung YI. Association of Temporolimbic Volumes with Treatment Response to Antipsychotic Medication for Delusion in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease. ALPHA PSYCHIATRY 2021. [DOI: 10.5152/alphapsychiatry.2021.21157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Lee K, Lee YM, Park JM, Lee BD, Moon E, Jeong HJ, Kim SY, Chung YI, Kim JH. Right hippocampus atrophy is independently associated with Alzheimer's disease with psychosis. Psychogeriatrics 2019; 19:105-110. [PMID: 30430708 DOI: 10.1111/psyg.12369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM The purpose of this study was to determine whether regionally distributed medial temporal cortex thickness (or hippocampal volume) and frontal lobe volume are independently associated with the onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD) with psychosis. METHODS We identified 26 AD patients with psychosis (AD+P) and 48 AD patients without psychosis (AD-P) from the Memory Impairment Clinic at Pusan National University Hospital in South Korea. They were matched for age, gender, duration of AD, and Clinical Dementia Rating sum of box score. All participants met the National Institute of Neurological and Communication Disorders and Stroke and the Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association criteria for probable AD. Psychosis was diagnosed according to Jeste and Finkel's proposed diagnostic criteria for psychosis of AD. All participants underwent 3-T magnetic resonance imaging, and 3-D magnetization-prepared rapid gradient echo sequence was acquired for each. The FreeSurfer version 5.1 software package was used to analyze cortical thickness and volume on 3-D T1 -weighted images. anova was used to investigate the differences in cortical thickness and the volume of the total frontal cortex, total temporal cortex, and subregions of the medial temporal cortex between groups after age, gender, years of education, Clinical Dementia Rating sum of box score, duration of AD, and total intracranial volume were controlled for. Furthermore, we added the total frontal volume as an additional variable to investigate whether the association between the medial temporal cortex and AD+P is independent of the frontal cortex. RESULTS We found that both left and right hippocampal volume were smaller in AD+P than in AD-P. In particular, there was a significant difference in right hippocampal volume between the AD+P and AD-P groups after total frontal volume was added as an additional variable. CONCLUSION We found that more severe hippocampal atrophy is associated with AD+P than with AD-P. In addition, atrophy of the right hippocampus remained significant among AD+P after adjustment for frontal volume. These findings suggest that right hippocampal atrophy is independently associated with AD+P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangyoon Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, South Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea
| | - Young Min Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, South Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea
| | - Je-Min Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, South Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea
| | - Byung-Dae Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, South Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea
| | - Eunsoo Moon
- Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, South Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea
| | - Hee-Jeong Jeong
- Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, South Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea
| | - Soo Yeon Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, South Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea
| | - Young-In Chung
- Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Ji-Hoon Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, South Korea
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Lee YM, Chung YI, Park JM, Lee BD, Moon E, Jeong HJ, Kim JH, Kim HJ, Mun CW, Kim TH, Kim YH, Kim EJ. Decreased gray matter volume is associated with the subtypes of psychotic symptoms in patients with antipsychotic-naïve mild or moderate Alzheimer's disease: A voxel-based morphometry study. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2016; 249:45-51. [PMID: 27000306 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between brain regional gray matter volume and two subtypes of psychotic symptoms, namely paranoid and misidentification subtypes, in antipsychotic-naïve mild or moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. Forty AD patients with psychotic symptoms and 25 AD patients without psychotic symptoms were assessed for cognitive and functional impairment. Presence and subtype of psychotic symptoms were assessed by using the delusion and hallucination subscale of the Korean Neuropsychiatric Inventory (K-NPI). Structural MRI images were acquired on a 3 T scanner, and were analyzed using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) for automated analysis. The misidentification subtype is associated with more severe gray matter atrophy, and paranoid subtype is associated with less severe gray matter atrophy compared to non-psychosis group. These results suggest that the misidentification, the paranoid subtype and the non-psychosis group have a distinct neural correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Min Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea; Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Young-In Chung
- Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea.
| | - Je-Min Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea; Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Byung-Dae Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea; Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Eunsoo Moon
- Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea; Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Hee-Jeong Jeong
- Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea; Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Ji-Hoon Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Hak-Jin Kim
- Department of Radiology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Chi-Woong Mun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and FIRST, Inje University, Gimhae, Korea
| | - Tae-Hyung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and FIRST, Inje University, Gimhae, Korea
| | - Young-Hoon Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, Inje University, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Eun-Joo Kim
- Department of Neurology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
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Lee YM, Ha JK, Park JM, Lee BD, Moon E, Chung YI, Kim JH, Kim HJ, Mun CW, Kim TH, Kim YH. Apolipoprotein E genotype modulates effects of vitamin B12 and homocysteine on grey matter volume in Alzheimer's disease. Psychogeriatrics 2016; 16:3-11. [PMID: 25919635 DOI: 10.1111/psyg.12109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2013] [Revised: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the effects of vitamin B12 and homocysteine on brain volume are influenced by apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype. We examined the effects in each subgroup (APOE ε4 carriers and non-carriers) of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and healthy normal controls. METHODS Forty participants with AD and 20 healthy normal controls were recruited from memory impairment clinics at Pusan National University Hospital in Korea. All participants were APOE genotyped and underwent magnetic resonance imaging, including 3-D volumetric images for grey matter (GM) volume. A multiple regression model integrated into statistical parametric mapping was used to see if there was any correlation between vitamin B12 or homocysteine and GM volume in each subgroup (APOE ε4 carriers and non-carriers) of AD patients and healthy normal controls. RESULTS There was a significant positive correlation between serum concentrations of vitamin B12 and regional GM volume in APOE ε4 carriers with AD but not in non-carriers. We also found that there was a significant negative correlation between serum concentrations of homocysteine and regional GM volume in APOE ε4 non-carriers with AD but not in carriers (P < 0.001, uncorrected for multiple comparisons; extent threshold = 100 voxel). CONCLUSION The present findings suggest that the effects of vitamin B12 and homocysteine on GM volume might be influenced by APOE genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Min Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Ji-Kyung Ha
- Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Je-Min Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Byung-Dae Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - EunSoo Moon
- Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Young-In Chung
- Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Ji-Hoon Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Hak-Jin Kim
- Department of Radiology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Chi-Woong Mun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and FIRST, Inje University, Gimhae, Korea
| | - Tae-Hyung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and FIRST, Inje University, Gimhae, Korea
| | - Young-Hoon Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University, Busan, Korea
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Lee YM, Park JM, Lee BD, Moon E, Jeong HJ, Chung YI, Kim JH, Kim HJ, Mun CW, Kim TH, Kim YH. Gray matter volumes and treatment response of psychotic symptoms to risperidone in antipsychotic-naïve Alzheimer's disease patients. J Clin Psychiatry 2016; 77:e8-13. [PMID: 26845282 DOI: 10.4088/jcp.14m09740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine whether gray matter volumes are associated with treatment response of psychotic symptoms in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. METHOD Risperidone, which is commonly used as an atypical antipsychotic drug, was administered in a clinical setting for 6 weeks from April 2012 to February 2013 to 25 antipsychotic-naïve AD patients with psychosis, diagnosed according to Jeste and Finkel's proposed diagnostic criteria for psychosis of Alzheimer's disease. Psychotic symptoms were rated with the Korean version of the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (K-NPI) at baseline and at 6 weeks, and treatment response was defined as the change in K-NPI score from baseline to 6 weeks. Gray matter volumes were measured with magnetic resonance imaging and voxel-based morphometry at baseline. Age, gender, years of education, total intracranial volume, apolipoprotein E genotype, dosage of risperidone, the baseline scores on the Korean version of the Mini-Mental State Examination, and the baseline psychotic and nonpsychotic symptoms scores on the K-NPI were measured as covariates of no interest. RESULTS We found that treatment response of psychotic symptoms to risperidone in antipsychotic-naïve AD patients was positively associated with both left and right putamina, left parahippocampal gyrus, and left amygdala volume after controlling covariates of no interest (uncorrected P < .001, KE > 100 voxels). CONCLUSIONS Therefore, we conclude that gray matter volumes of putamina, left parahippocampal gyrus, and left amygdala are associated with treatment response of psychotic symptoms after 6 weeks of treatment with risperidone in antipsychotic-naïve AD patients with psychosis. These results suggest that the volumes of specific gray matter regions probably contribute to treatment response of psychotic symptoms in AD patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01198093.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Min Lee
- Departments of Psychiatry and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
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Lee YM, Ha JK, Park JM, Lee BD, Moon E, Chung YI, Kim JH, Kim HJ, Mun CW, Kim TH, Kim YH. Impact of Apolipoprotein E4 Polymorphism on the Gray Matter Volume and the White Matter Integrity in Subjective Memory Impairment without White Matter Hyperintensities: Voxel-Based Morphometry and Tract-Based Spatial Statistics Study under 3-Tesla MRI. J Neuroimaging 2015; 26:144-9. [PMID: 25678236 DOI: 10.1111/jon.12207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to compare gray matter (GM) volume and white matter (WM) integrity in Apolipoprotein E4 (ApoE ε4) carriers with that of ApoE ε4 noncarriers using the voxel-based morphometry and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to investigate the effect of the ApoE ε4 on brain structures in subjective memory impairment (SMI) without white matter hyperintensities (WMH). METHODS Altogether, 26 participants with SMI without WMH were finally recruited from the Memory impairment clinics of Pusan National University Hospital in Korea. All participants were ApoE genotyped (ApoE ε4 carriers: n = 13, matched ApoE ε4 noncarriers: n = 13) and underwent 3-tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) including 3-dimensional volumetric images for GM volume and DTI for WM integrity. RESULTS ApoE ε4 carriers compared with noncarriers in SMI without WMH showed the atrophy of GM in inferior temporal gyrus, inferior parietal lobule, anterior cingulum, middle frontal gyrus, and precentral gyrus and significantly lower fractional anisotropy WM values in the splenium of corpus callosum and anterior corona radiate. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that the ApoE ε4 is associated with both atrophy of GM volume and disruption of WM integrity in SMI without WMH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Min Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Ji-Kyung Ha
- Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Je-Min Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Byung-Dae Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - EunSoo Moon
- Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Young-In Chung
- Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Ji-Hoon Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Hak-Jin Kim
- Department of Radiology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Chi-Woong Mun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and FIRST, Inje University, Gimhae, Korea
| | - Tae-Hyung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and FIRST, Inje University, Gimhae, Korea
| | - Young-Hoon Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, Inje University, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea
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11
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Jung DS, Baek SY, Park KH, Chung YI, Kim HJ, Kim CD, Cho MK, Han ME, Park KP, Kim BS, Kim JB, Oh SO. Effects of retinoic acid on ischemic brain injury-induced neurogenesis. Exp Mol Med 2007; 39:304-15. [PMID: 17603284 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2007.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurogenesis can be induced by pathological conditions such as cerebral ischemia. However the molecular mechanisms or modulating reagents of the reactive neurogenesis after the cerebral ischemia are poorly characterized. Retinoic acid (RA) has been shown to increase neurogenesis by enhancing the proliferation and neuronal differentiation of forebrain neuroblasts. Here, we examined whether RA can modulate the reactive neurogenesis after the cerebral ischemia. In contrast to our expectation, RA treatment decreased the reactive neurogenesis in subventricular zone (SVZ), subgranular zone (SGZ) and penumbral region. Furthermore, RA treatment also decreased the angiogenesis and gliosis in penumbral region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae-Soo Jung
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Busan 602-739, Korea
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13
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Abstract
Recombinant mouse tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) was expressed in Escherichia coli, using a bacterial expression vector and has been purified to homogeneity by sonication followed by Sepharose 4B column chromatography and native slab gel electrophoresis. This purified enzymatically active TPH protein was used for production of a specific antiserum. This antiserum identified the predicted TPH band (molecular weight, 54 kDa) on Western blot of crude extracts from the rat and mouse dorsal raphe, and the rat pineal gland. However, this antiserum recognized an additional protein band of lower molecular weight (48 kDa) in pineal extract. It is not clear whether the 48 kDa TPH band represents an isozyme or a protease cleavage product of TPH. Since the pineal gland contains higher TPH mRNA and lower TPH activity when it is compared with dorsal raphe nucleus enzyme, this lower molecular weight TPH may participate in the reduced TPH specific activity. In addition, there are no specific TPH inhibitors in the pineal gland and this lower molecular weight TPH is inactive or has a very low specific activity. This antiserum specifically immunostained serotonergic cell bodies in the dorsal raphe nuclei, some large caliber serotonergic processes in the dorsal raphe area as well as terminals in the olfactory bulb. It also immunolabeled the pineal gland and immunoprecipitated equally well TPH protein from the dorsal raphe nucleus and the pineal gland in a concentration-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y I Chung
- Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University Medical College, Seo-gu, Pusan, Korea.
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14
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Son JH, Chung JH, Huh SO, Park DH, Peng C, Rosenblum MG, Chung YI, Joh TH. Immortalization of neuroendocrine pinealocytes from transgenic mice by targeted tumorigenesis using the tryptophan hydroxylase promoter. Brain Res Mol Brain Res 1996; 37:32-40. [PMID: 8738133 DOI: 10.1016/0169-328x(95)00271-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) is the first enzyme in both serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis in neuroendocrine cells of the pineal gland. The lack of immortalized neuroendocrine pineal cell lines has been a major obstacle to the study of the tissue-specific and circadian regulation of TPH gene expression in the pineal gland. Previously, we demonstrated that a 6.1 kb 5' upstream region of the mouse TPH gene directs the restricted expression of a lacZ reporter gene to the pineal gland and the raphe nuclei of transgenic mice. Therefore, to develop TPH-expressing pineal cell lines we first established transgenic mice carrying a construct consisting of 6.1 kb of 5' flanking region fused to the SV40 T-antigen. These animals developed highly invasive pineal tumors and died at 12-15 weeks of age. The pineal tumors obtained from the transgenic mice were utilized to establish the immortalized pinealocyte-derived cell lines. These cells express two marker enzymes, TPH and serotonin N-acetyltransferase (NAT). In pineal gland TPH and NAT expressions have been known to be regulated during circadian cycle. The two established cell lines therefore promise to be a valuable in vitro model system for the study of the rhythmic nature of the pineal function at molecular level in mammal.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Son
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Cornell University Medical College, W.M. Burke Medical Research Institute, White Plains, NY 10605, USA
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Chung YI, Kim YK. [Estimates of age distribution by single year for the entire population in the 1980 census and net migrants by province, intercensal period of 1975-1980]. Ingu Pogon Nonjip 1985; 5:150-77. [PMID: 12267353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
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Chung YI, Spelbring LM. An analysis of weekly instructional input hours and student work hours in occupational therapy fieldwork. Am J Occup Ther 1983; 37:681-7. [PMID: 6416074 DOI: 10.5014/ajot.37.10.681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
A detailed analysis was made of individual agency practices, and of average across agencies, in weekly instructional hours and student work hours attributed to the Level II fieldwork program during one 12-week assignment. The study is based upon data collected on daily log sheets from students and agency staff and related to their activities for instruction and agency work for that period. Questions addressed were related to whether services by affiliating students offset instructional efforts by staff, and whether assignment of experiences was primarily for student education or for agency expediency. It was found that agencies typically incurred large "losses" during the first 3 to 4 weeks of the assignment, while they gained a substantial sum of "benefits" for the remaining 8 to 9 weeks. Further, it was found that large agencies could absorb initial instructional efforts with minimal negative impact, but that smaller agencies often found it necessary to develop student schedules that met agency needs.
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Abstract
Practices by agencies in assigning Level II fieldwork experiences to occupational therapy students were examined. Time-specific logs were collected from students and from agency personnel during a 3-month period. The data generated were used to answer questions about how effectively student time was used in meeting the stated purposes of the assignment. The focus was on "average" student fieldwork activities. The study suggests that more careful and systematic development and design of Level II fieldwork programs are needed to meet the established educational goals and to maximize educational opportunities during the allotted time.
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