Residential mobility in France and in Paris since 1945: the history of a cohort

Using data from two retrospective surveys carried out in France in 1981 and 1986, the authors "reconstitute the residential history of a cohort and...measure the differences [in migration histories] between Paris and the whole of France.... We shall attempt to reconstruct the residential histories of these individuals, by analysing firstly the stage when they left their parents to set up their first independent home, and secondly mobility throughout their life course, paying particular attention to the extension of home ownership in this cohort."

The future of international migration within Asia

"Data on flows from Asia to the Middle East and developing countries as well as on flows within Asia are presented, followed by a discussion of the growing importance of intraregional labor migration. Demographic pressures and widely varying economic growth rates will stimulate this movement and bring greater private and government agency participation. Female and family migration and settlement will be encouraged by geographic and cultural proximity. As intraregional labor migration becomes more institutionalized, governments face major policy challenges for planning, regulating and monitoring overseas employment; for the protection of migrant workers; and for stronger regional cooperation." Projections are made to the year 2025.

The dynamics of neighborhood age composition

"In this paper we investigate the changing demography of [U.S.] neighborhoods. We focus upon the dynamics of the age structure of neighborhoods, paying particular attention to the roles of (a) the magnitude of mobility and (b) the age composition of in-migrants and out-migrants. A model for studying the changing age composition of neighborhoods is developed, and alternative scenarios characterized by the nature of in-movement and out-movement are examined to make statements about the age of householders in neighborhoods. We find that high rates of mobility may serve to bring about a relatively youthful equilibrium age structure quite rapidly, whereas low rates lead to a higher mean age and to damped harmonic fluctuations both in the mean age of householders and in the magnitude of the age heterogeneity of the neighborhood. In addition, we compare the evolutions of age structure in neighborhoods with age patterns of in-movement and out-movement that could typify areas of renters and areas of homeowners."

Analyzing migration decisionmaking: relationships between residential satisfaction, mobility intentions, and moving behavior

"The author examines the role of residential satisfaction and mobility intentions vis-a-vis structural variables in migration decisionmaking with the aid of data drawn from the 1985-1989 waves of the American Housing Survey. A conceptual model is derived which is based on behavioral theories developed in social psychology, namely the theories of reasoned action and planned behavior. Several previously ignored links among structural variables, mobility predispositions and moving behavior are incorporated. Empirical analyses show that, although satisfaction and intentions are important predictors of mobility, most of the structural variables that are commonly known to be related to migration also have direct effects on subsequent moving behavior, independent of satisfaction and intentions."

Migration and housing tenure in South East England

"A substantial literature has developed regarding the relationship between migration and housing tenure in Britain.... It is important to control for individual characteristics before the independent effect of tenure on mobility can be determined. This paper is a report of an investigation of this relationship in the South East of England, in which the Sample of Anonymised Records, a unique individual-level British data source for this type of study, were used. The study continues with a consideration of the influence of housing on migration into the South East from the North of Britain for those in manual and nonmanual occupations."

Modelling inter-ward migration in Hereford and Worcester: the importance of housing growth and tenure

"In this paper, we use the 1991 Special Migration Statistics to analyse inter-ward flows in the British county of Hereford and Worcester. New modelling techniques...based on the Poisson distribution are used in this research which partially overcome the under-dispersion problem resulting from modelling zero and very small flows.... Analysis at this scale provides the potential for more detailed generalization about migration processes such as suburbanization, counterurbanization, intra-urban mobility, rural depopulation and the relationship between housing and demographic change at the local level. Unlike migration flows over long distances, which are often employment related, these flows are primarily motivated by residential requirements and housing type and growth are identified as key variables in the interpretation of these migration patterns."

Migration and race in the southern United States

"Using data from the 1985-1990 [U.S.] County-to-County Migration Flow Files..., which facilitate a disaggregated analysis of the effects of migration patterns on the extent of black concentration in the South, this paper analyzes and assesses how migration to and from the South has affected the distribution of blacks and whites in both metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas."

Community mobility and public school enrollments

"This paper has two related purposes. The first is to present an argument for the systematic use of public school enrollments data to study family mobility at the community level. The second is to demonstrate the utility of these data for mobility research. This is accomplished with case studies, chosen for distinctive patterns of movement which have produced observed changes in enrollments data, and which correspond to migration patterns of interest to research. The case studies are illustrative of the potential for the use of these data to illuminate patterns of movement that might otherwise go largely undetected."

Renewed population growth in rural America

This chapter documents the fact that "nonmetropolitan America has experienced widespread population gain and net in-migration since 1990. This contrasts with the trend evident through most of this century.... However, this deconcentration has been selective and tempered by economic period effects. Future nonmetropolitan demographic change is likely to be even more dependent on migration because recent rural fertility patterns, together with age structure shifts, have diminished the contribution natural increase can make to rural growth. This increasing dependence on migration, coupled with the greater integration of nonmetropolitan areas into the national and international system, makes rural America increasingly sensitive to national and global economic, political, and social forces."

The economic and demographic restructuring of nonmetropolitan counties in the Mountain West

"The purpose of this paper is to examine the fluctuating economic and demographic landscapes within nonmetro Mountain West counties [of the United States], describe relationships between the economic restructuring and shifting demographic patterns, and to discuss the potential significance of these transformations for the Mountain West nonmetro region. We begin by articulating a conceptual framework linking economic restructuring (development) and population change due to migration. The remainder of the paper empirically examines these linkages. A concluding section summarizes our findings and provides suggestions for future research."

Recent population trends in nonmetropolitan cities and villages: from the turnaround, through reversal, to the rebound

"The purpose of this study is to track and contrast the patterns of local concentration and deconcentration in nonmetropolitan America between 1950 and 1996. We consider the growth of places by initial size as well as the growth of population living in the countryside or in unincorporated hamlets.... To determine how widespread and consistent the trends are, we compare patterns of growth by nearness to metropolitan areas, and by region of the country. We also examine differences among a subset of nonmetropolitan places distinguished by the primary socioeconomic character of their county. Using a detailed data file from the 1990 census, we are able to give some consideration to commuting."

Population change in the Great Plains since 1950 and the consequences of selective migration

This "study was initiated to explore the causes and consequences of persistent population loss in the Great Plains region [of the United States]. After classifying all counties by their growth patterns over the past five decades, we developed a typology that categorized counties based on the direction and magnitude of their population change.... We use this typology to explore the correlates of residential population change, and to examine the explanatory power of the variables found to be statistically significant."

Accounting for two population turnarounds in nonmetropolitan America

"The turnaround [in U.S. rural-to-urban migration] of the 1970s, the metropolitan resurgence of the 1980s, and the rural rebound of the 1990s [have been] described as three unanticipated changes in migration.... [This chapter] compares the magnitude of the three changes in net migration and contrasts the two nonmetropolitan turnarounds.... The results support a view of the 1970s turnaround as the outcome of long-term deconcentrating trends that were interrupted from the late 1970s to the late 1980s by circumstances that favored metropolitan areas. The return of nonmetropolitan territory to net in-migration in the 1990s appears to be due in part to favorable economic conditions that allow more people to act on preferences for smaller places."

Family interaction and migration decision making

Using data from the Residential Preference and Migration Survey, a panel study of Pennsylvania households on migration intention and behavior, the authors examine some aspects of the decision to migrate. "We first examine the impact of the presence or absence of household interaction on the desire to move, migration expectations, and actual migration behavior. We hypothesize that the presence of household interaction is associated with migration behavior, while the absence of household interaction on migration-related issues is a predictor of staying in the present residence. Second, we test an expanded residential satisfaction migration decision model.... The expanded model permits us to test the thesis that household interaction frequency and consensus/conflict are moderating factors in explaining and predicting the outcome of migration decision making."

Decline of tuberculosis mortality in an urban Mexican-origin population, 1935-1984

Through a series of life table analyses, this paper describes the natural history of tuberculosis mortality in a Mexican-origin community over five decades (1935-84) during which the disease underwent a transition from a major underlying cause of death to a disease conditioned mentioned more often on death certificates as contributing to death than causing death. The decline in death rates from 1940 to 1950 was especially remarkable. Successive birth cohorts of Mexican Americans, separated by as little as five years of age, experienced distinctly lower risk of death from tuberculosis as they entered young adulthood. There was a rapid convergence in age-specific patterns of tuberculosis death rates in Mexican Americans toward those of non-Hispanic whites, so that by 1960 tuberculosis was primarily a cause of death in old age rather than young adulthood. The impact of changing environment, both through improvements of conditions within neighborhoods and through residential mobility, on birth cohorts at risk of tuberculosis needs to be examined in further research.

Elderly migration: household versus individual approaches

"This paper employs a household approach to elderly migration analyses and compares it with the traditional individual approach. The first part of the paper develops some concepts about household mobility and relates them to individual mobility. It then compares the two mobility measurements in a case study using the Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS) from the 1990 [U.S.] Census. The results show that the mean household size for the elderly moving together tends to be smaller than that for elderly stayers. It also demonstrates the utility of the household approach on profiling elderly movers' living arrangement choices. The second part of the paper calibrates a set of discrete choice models based on the household and individual approaches."

[Migration to and from sections of Rotterdam]

"The number of people that move to, from or within large cities is, in a relative sense, far greater than the corresponding figure for the other parts of the Netherlands. Big city mobility concerns mostly internal migration. The 1995 migration statistics on sections of Rotterdam show dissimilarities between the different sections of the city with respect to composition and intensity of population flows. This article focuses on the differences between two sections of Rotterdam." (SUMMARY IN ENG)

Deciding to move home: a preliminary analysis of household migration behaviour in Scotland

"This paper examines data from a mainland Scotland survey of household migration into owner-occupied properties identified from the Register of Sasines. Plotting of movements reveals migration patterns, but of arguably greater interest are the increasingly segmented and largely unexplored household decisions which drive migration. The purpose of the survey was to reveal something of these migration processes. Overview results presented here confirm that most moves are short distance, reasons for moving differ according to distance travelled, and although employment remains important for long-distance moves, its significance has declined in favour of quality of life considerations."

How often do Australians move? Alternative measures of population mobility

"Conventional census-based measures of population mobility are conceptually abstruse, ignore multiple moves and obscure the diversity of human migration experience. This paper explores three alternatives and outlines their strengths and limitations. Application of life table techniques to convert transition rates to migration expectancies generates measures that are more readily understood, automatically standardizes for age and enables the timing of mobility to be analysed methodically. Data on movement frequencies and residence duration provide new perspectives indicating substantial chronic mobility and significant differences between frequent movers and long term stayers. A number of simple summary statistics are proposed to supplement transition rates."

Movement patterns of persons with HIV receiving treatment in public clinics in the Southern Health Region, Puerto Rico

Health planners suspect there is a pattern of movement, dubbed the "air bridge," between Puerto Rico and the continental United States by persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) who are seeking health services. The authors tested this hypothesis in publicly supported HlVclinics in the Puerto Rican Southern Health Region (SHR). A survey was conducted of 187 patients who were at least 18 years of age, confirmed HIV positive, and not incarcerated. Only 7% of the respondents had been outside the SHR for 2 weeks or more in the past year. Intravenous drug users and men who have sex with men were 7 to 8 times more likely to have traveled than were heterosexual respondents. Fifty-seven percent of all movement was within Puerto Rico, and no one had traveled to the United States primarily to receive medical services. Thus the results of this study do not support the concept of an "air bridge. "

Interregional equilibrium with heterogeneous labor

"The impact of labor migration on interregional equilibrium is studied when workers are heterogeneous in productivity and regional mobility. The skilled respond to market disequilibrium by moving into the most attractive region. The unskilled are immobile in the short-run and move with the skilled in the long-run. Both regions have a neoclassical production function affected by an externality depending on the number of skilled. Workers move according to the utility differential when regional amenities vary with population or according to the wage differential. The equilibrium pattern depends on the unskilled's mobility and on migration incentives. Typically, regional imbalance characterizes the equilibrium which is often suboptimal."

Housing aspirations and migration in later life: developments during the 1980s

"This paper tests hypotheses concerning the differentiation of early and late old age in the United Kingdom with reference to housing preferences and requirements and their translation into migration. Evidence is drawn from the 1991...census and from a representative sample of elderly people in SE England. The sources demonstrate the continued elaboration of long-distance, metropolitan-decentralizing migrations around the age of retirement. Also shown are relatively high rates of residential mobility among people in their seventies and eighties. Most of their migrations are short distance, but nonetheless with a net redistributional effect that sustains urban decentralization at the oldest ages. There is no evidence of significant return migration to London at advanced ages. From the survey responses, distinctive housing dissatisfactions are identified in early and late retirement, but neither set exactly matches expressed motivations for moves."

[Changes in the volume of regional mobility]

"The study analyses changes in regional mobility in [Hungary over] approximately three decades. Different forms of population movement are taken not as separate phenomena but as [an indication] of their interrelations and correlations.... The study is supplemented with an accurate bibliography of literature on the topic." (SUMMARY IN ENG)

[Increase in the number of moves within the Netherlands continues in 1993]

"The number of persons moving home within the Netherlands increased from 1.570 million in 1992 to 1.629 million in 1993.... During 1993, 733 thousand persons changed address in family context, whereas 857 thousand persons moved individually.... For six provinces internal migration in 1993 resulted in net arrivals.... The other provinces showed net departures...." (SUMMARY IN ENG)

[Contemporary international migrations and migration policy]

With a focus on Poland, the author examines the following aspects and questions regarding international migration: "The intensification of spatial mobility in Poland as well as in other countries; the necessity for modernisation of migratory policy; socio-economic implications of out-migration and migratory policy; Poland--a country of transit, political asylum or immigration?; the phenomenon of transit migration in Poland; stability or flexibility of migratory policy? [and] migration as a focus of world population conferences." (SUMMARY IN ENG AND RUS)

Internal migration in a rapidly developing country: the case of Peninsular Malaysia

"This paper discusses the patterns and trends in internal territorial mobility in Peninsular Malaysia from 1957 [to] the 1980s, focussing specially on the period of the 1980s." Data are from Peninsular Malaysian Labour Force Migration Sample Surveys.