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Abstract
The eukaryotic genome is organized in three dimensions within the nucleus. Transcriptionally active chromatin is spatially separated from silent heterochromatin, a large fraction of which is located at the nuclear periphery. However, the mechanisms by which chromatin is localized at the nuclear periphery remain poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that Proline Rich 14 (PRR14) protein organizes H3K9me3-modified heterochromatin at the nuclear lamina. We show that PRR14 dynamically associates with both the nuclear lamina and heterochromatin, and is able to reorganize heterochromatin in the nucleus of interphase cells independent of mitosis. We characterize two functional HP1-binding sites within PRR14 that contribute to its association with heterochromatin. We also demonstrate that PPR14 forms an anchoring surface for heterochromatin at the nuclear lamina where it interacts dynamically with HP1-associated chromatin. Our study proposes a model of dynamic heterochromatin organization at the nuclear lamina via the PRR14 tethering protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna A. Kiseleva
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yu-Chia Cheng
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Cheryl L. Smith
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Richard A. Katz
- Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andrey Poleshko
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA,CONTACT Andrey Poleshko Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, SCTR 09-188, 3400 Civic Center Blvd. Philadelphia, PA19104
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2
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Chen PD, Liao YY, Cheng YC, Wu HY, Wu YM, Huang MC. Decreased B4GALT1 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma cell invasiveness by regulating the laminin-integrin pathway. Oncogenesis 2023; 12:49. [PMID: 37907465 PMCID: PMC10618527 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-023-00494-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Beta1,4-galactosyltransferases (B4GALTs) play a crucial role in several diseases, including cancer. B4GALT1 is highly expressed in the liver, and patients with mutations in B4GALT1 exhibit hepatopathy. However, the role of B4GALT1 in liver cancer remains unclear. Here, we found that B4GALT1 was significantly downregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissue compared with the adjacent liver tissue, and low B4GALT1 expression was associated with vascular invasion and poor overall survival in patients with HCC. Additionally, silencing or loss of B4GALT1 enhanced HCC cell migration and invasion in vitro and promoted lung metastasis of HCC in NOD/SCID mice. Moreover, B4GALT1 knockdown or knockout increased cell adhesion to laminin, whereas B4GALT1 overexpression decreased the adhesion. Through a mass spectrometry-based approach and Griffonia simplicifolia lectin II (GSL-II) pull-down assays, we identified integrins α6 and β1 as the main protein substrates of B4GALT1 and their N-glycans were modified by B4GALT1. Further, the increased cell migration and invasion induced by B4GALT1 knockdown or knockout were significantly reversed using a blocking antibody against integrin α6 or integrin β1. These results suggest that B4GALT1 downregulation alters N-glycosylation and enhances the laminin-binding activity of integrin α6 and integrin β1 to promote invasiveness of HCC cells. Our findings provide novel insights into the role of B4GALT1 in HCC metastasis and highlight targeting the laminin-integrin axis as a potential therapeutic strategy for HCC with low B4GALT1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Da Chen
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Surgical Oncology, National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Yu Liao
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chia Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yi Wu
- Instrumentation center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Ming Wu
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Department of Surgical Oncology, National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Min-Chuan Huang
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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3
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Chin KC, Cheng YC, Sun JT, Ou CY, Hu CH, Tsai MC, Ma MHM, Chiang WC, Chen AY. Machine Learning-Based Text Analysis to Predict Severely Injured Patients in Emergency Medical Dispatch: Model Development and Validation. J Med Internet Res 2022; 24:e30210. [PMID: 35687393 PMCID: PMC9233260 DOI: 10.2196/30210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Early recognition of severely injured patients in prehospital settings is of paramount importance for timely treatment and transportation of patients to further treatment facilities. The dispatching accuracy has seldom been addressed in previous studies. Objective In this study, we aimed to build a machine learning–based model through text mining of emergency calls for the automated identification of severely injured patients after a road accident. Methods Audio recordings of road accidents in Taipei City, Taiwan, in 2018 were obtained and randomly sampled. Data on call transfers or non-Mandarin speeches were excluded. To predict cases of severe trauma identified on-site by emergency medical technicians, all included cases were evaluated by both humans (6 dispatchers) and a machine learning model, that is, a prehospital-activated major trauma (PAMT) model. The PAMT model was developed using term frequency–inverse document frequency, rule-based classification, and a Bernoulli naïve Bayes classifier. Repeated random subsampling cross-validation was applied to evaluate the robustness of the model. The prediction performance of dispatchers and the PAMT model, in severe cases, was compared. Performance was indicated by sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy. Results Although the mean sensitivity and negative predictive value obtained by the PAMT model were higher than those of dispatchers, they obtained higher mean specificity, positive predictive value, and accuracy. The mean accuracy of the PAMT model, from certainty level 0 (lowest certainty) to level 6 (highest certainty), was higher except for levels 5 and 6. The overall performances of the dispatchers and the PAMT model were similar; however, the PAMT model had higher accuracy in cases where the dispatchers were less certain of their judgments. Conclusions A machine learning–based model, called the PAMT model, was developed to predict severe road accident trauma. The results of our study suggest that the accuracy of the PAMT model is not superior to that of the participating dispatchers; however, it may assist dispatchers when they lack confidence while making a judgment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Chen Chin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chia Cheng
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Tang Sun
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yen Ou
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hua Hu
- Emergency Medical Service Division, Taipei City Fire Department, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chi Tsai
- Emergency Medical Service Division, Taipei City Fire Department, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Matthew Huei-Ming Ma
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Yun-Lin Branch, Yunlin County, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chu Chiang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Yun-Lin Branch, Yunlin County, Taiwan
| | - Albert Y Chen
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
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Lin PY, Chen CM, Lee JA, Cheng YC. Fabrication of biodegradable films using <sc>l</sc>-lactate as a chiral material to produce circularly polarized light. AIMSBOA 2022. [DOI: 10.3934/bioeng.2022024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
<abstract>
<p>Optical activity and its relation to molecular chirality are significant in the measurement of optical rotation or circular dichroism characteristics to determine the absolute configuration of a chiral molecule. A quarter-wave plate, which is usually made from quartz, can convert linearly polarized light into circularly polarized light. In this study, we suggest using <sc>l</sc>-lactic acid (<sc>l</sc>-LA), a chiral material, and a water-based transparent glue to produce biodegradable films. Adjusting the number of thin layers, which are deposited from the mixture of <sc>l</sc>-LA and polyvinyl alcohol, leads to different phase differences, forming <sc>l</sc>-LA films. A modified microscope system was used to observe the appearance of the <sc>l</sc>-LA wave plates. Six layers and 0.8% <sc>l</sc>-LA solution were the optimal conditions to fabricate an <sc>l</sc>-LA film. The circular polarization experiment showed that the changes in maximum and minimum light intensity were within 2% compared to the average light intensity at a specific angle of the <sc>l</sc>-LA film. The performance of the <sc>l</sc>-LA film was consistent with that of a commercial quarter-wave plate. In conclusion, circularly polarized light was successfully produced using the <sc>l</sc>-LA film. The biodegradable <sc>l</sc>-LA film has widespread application in the field of biomedicine. Featured Application: <sc>l</sc>-Lactic acid film uses biodegradable and biocompatible materials. It can produce circularly polarized light and is beneficial for application in biomedicine.</p>
</abstract>
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Yeh Lin
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ming Chen
- Department of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Ai Lee
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chia Cheng
- Department of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
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Cheng YC, Chan PT, Lee TT. Exploring the Effectiveness of the Introduction of Automated Physiological Monitoring Devices. Stud Health Technol Inform 2021; 284:534-536. [PMID: 34920588 DOI: 10.3233/shti210790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Y C Cheng
- En-Chu-Kong Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - P T Chan
- En-Chu-Kong Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - T T Lee
- National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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6
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Goddard GR, Lim IIP, Cheng YC, Velazco CS, Jenkins T, Rosen NG, Kotagal M, Garrison AP, Falcone R, Rymeski B, Frischer JS. A child presents with perianal symptoms - how often is this Crohn's disease? J Pediatr Surg 2021; 56:1618-1622. [PMID: 33280851 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2020.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cumulative incidence and predictors of future diagnosis of Crohn's disease (CD) following presentation with perianal symptoms, such as anorectal abscess, fistula or fissure, is unknown. METHODS A 5-year retrospective review of children presenting with perianal symptoms without prior CD diagnosis was performed. Institutional cumulative incidence of CD was calculated to determine the risk of CD presenting with perianal symptoms. RESULTS 1140 children presented for evaluation of an anorectal abscess (n = 232), fistula (n = 49), or fissure (n = 859). Thirty-five were later diagnosed with CD, resulting in an incidence of 3%. Prognostic indicators of future CD diagnosis included increased age per every additional year (RR 1.19, 95% CI: 1.14-1.25, p < 0.001), male sex (RR 2.12, 95% CI 1.07-4.22, p = 0.024), or perianal fistula (RR 4.67, 95% CI 2.26-9.67, p = 0.022). Among those diagnosed with CD, 57% experienced and had a documented history of a CD-associated symptom prior to perianal symptom onset. Absence of symptoms resulted in delayed diagnosis (43 vs 3 days, p < 0.02). CONCLUSION Of children presenting with a perianal symptom, three percent will eventually be diagnosed with CD. At highest risk (35%) were males aged 10 years or older with a perianal fistula; which should prompt expeditious workup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian R Goddard
- Colorectal Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States
| | - Irene Isabel P Lim
- Colorectal Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States.
| | - Yu-Chia Cheng
- Colorectal Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States
| | - Cristine S Velazco
- Colorectal Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States
| | - Todd Jenkins
- Colorectal Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States
| | - Nelson G Rosen
- Colorectal Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States
| | - Meera Kotagal
- Colorectal Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States
| | - Aaron P Garrison
- Colorectal Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States
| | - Richard Falcone
- Colorectal Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States
| | - Beth Rymeski
- Colorectal Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States
| | - Jason S Frischer
- Colorectal Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States
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7
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Bloomer S, Cheng YC, Yakout HM, Kim SW. 367 Combinational use of sodium butyrate and phytogenics on intestinal health of nursery pigs. J Anim Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/skz258.270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The effects of encapsulated sodium butyrate (SB), phytogenics (PH), or a combination were studied on intestinal health of nursery pigs. Phytogenics were blends of dry herbs and essential oil components. Forty-eight weaned pigs (21-d-old; 6.9 ± 0.6 kg BW) were individually housed, blocked by initial BW and sex, allotted to 4 dietary treatments (n = 12) in a RCBD, and fed for 33-d (P1: 0–7; P2: 7–19; and P3: 19–33). Treatments were arranged by 2 factors: SB (P1: 0.2% and P2: 0.1%) and PH (P3: 0.033%). Diets were formulated to meet or exceed NRC (2012) nutrient requirements and pigs were fed ad libitum. For each phase, ADG, ADFI, and G:F were measured. Fecal scores were assessed during d 3–19 and d 26–33. Blood samples were drawn in P2 and P3 to measure tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), IL-6, and immunoglobulin G (IgG). Four pigs at P2 and 8 pigs in P3 from each treatment were euthanized to collect jejunal tissue, jejunal mucosa, and ileal digesta to measure gut histology, TNF-α, IL-6, myeloperoxidase (MPO), malondialdehyde (MDA), and protein carbonyl. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED of SAS. Fixed effects were treatments and random effects were blocks. In P2 and P1-2, SB decreased (P < 0.05) ADFI whereas no effect on ADG and G:F. In P2, SB tended to decrease (P = 0.063) villus height to crypt depth ratio (VH:CD) whereas increased (P < 0.05) enterocyte proliferation in P3. In P3 and overall, PH increased (P < 0.05) G:F. No changes were found in TNF-α, IL-6, MPO, MDA, IgG, and protein carbonyl. Conclusively, SB and a combinational use of SB and PH showed minimal effects on growth performance and gut health when added to the diets of nursery pigs. However, PH supplementation increased feed efficiency of nursery pigs during 19–33 d post-weaning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - S W Kim
- North Carolina State University
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Jang K, Cheng YC, Kim SW. 126 Evaluation of true ileal amino acid digestibility of fermented soybean meal fed to nursery pigs. J Anim Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/skz258.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Fermented soybean meal (FSBM) has smaller peptides and reduced anti-nutritional factors compared with those in conventional SBM. Apparent and true ileal digestibilities (AID and TID) of AA in FSBM were measured using both a direct method and a substitution method. Forty eight (24 barrows and 24 gilts) pigs at 7 kg BW were allotted to 4 dietary treatments (n = 12) based on a randomized complete block design with sex and initial body weight as blocks. Treatments includes NFD (semi-purified N free diet to measure endogenous AA loss), NFSB (NFD with 20% FSBM; Genebiotech Co., Ltd. and Nutraferma, Inc), CBD (corn basal diet), and CBSB (CBD at 80% and FSBM at 20%). NFD and NFSB were used to directly measure AID and TID AA of FSBM, whereas NFD, CBD, and CBSB were used to indirectly calculate AID and TID AA of FSBM using a substitution method. Experimental diets included TiO2 (0.4%). Pigs were fed experimental diets for 10 days. Feed allowance was based on 0.09 x BW0.75 kg per day. All pigs were euthanized at the end of the experiments to collect ileal digesta. Diets and ileal digesta were used to quantify TiO2 and AA. Data were analyzed using Mixed Procedure of SAS 9.4. Dietary treatment was the main effect and blocks were random effects. Endogenous AA loss was 2.48 g. When measured by a direct method, AID and TID of Lys, Met, Thr, and Trp were 72.1 and 89.8%, 74.9 and 92.1%, 61.0 and 88.5%, and 72.2 and 92.2%, respectively. When measured by a substitution method, AID and TID of Lys, Met, Thr, and Trp were 64.7 and 84.4%, 60.5 and 77.9%, 36.2 and 57.0%, and 58.2 and 81.0%, respectively. Overall, a direct method showed higher AID and TID AA in FSBM than those measured by a substitution method.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - S W Kim
- North Carolina State University
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9
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Fernandes-Cunha GM, Na KS, Putra I, Lee HJ, Hull S, Cheng YC, Blanco IJ, Eslani M, Djalilian AR, Myung D. Corneal Wound Healing Effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Secretome Delivered Within a Viscoelastic Gel Carrier. Stem Cells Transl Med 2019; 8:478-489. [PMID: 30644653 PMCID: PMC6477005 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.18-0178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe corneal injuries often result in permanent vision loss and remain a clinical challenge. Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their secreted factors (secretome) have been studied for their antiscarring, anti-inflammatory, and antiangiogeneic properties. We aimed to deliver lyophilized MSC secretome (MSC-S) within a viscoelastic gel composed of hyaluronic acid (HA) and chondroitin sulfate (CS) as a way to enhance corneal re-epithelialization and reduce complications after mechanical and chemical injuries of the cornea. We hypothesized that delivering MSC-S within HA/CS would have improved wound healing effects compared the with either MSC-S or HA/CS alone. The results showed that a once-daily application of MSC-S in HA/CS enhances epithelial cell proliferation and wound healing after injury to the cornea. It also reduced scar formation, neovascularization, and hemorrhage after alkaline corneal burns. We found that combining MSC-S and HA/CS increased the expression of CD44 receptors colocalized with HA, suggesting that the observed therapeutic effects between the MSC-S and HA/CS are in part mediated by CD44 receptor upregulation and activation by HA. The results from this study demonstrate a reproducible and efficient approach for delivering the MSC-S to the ocular surface for treatment of severe corneal injuries. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2019;8:478-489.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kyung-Sun Na
- Department of Ophthalmology, Byers Eye Institute at Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ilham Putra
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Hyun Jong Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Byers Eye Institute at Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Sarah Hull
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Yu-Chia Cheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Byers Eye Institute at Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Ignacio Jesus Blanco
- Department of Ophthalmology, Byers Eye Institute at Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Medi Eslani
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ali R Djalilian
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - David Myung
- Department of Ophthalmology, Byers Eye Institute at Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA.,VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
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Cheng YC, Walsh K, Williams L, Wallace WA, Harrison DJ, Oniscu A. ALK immunohistochemistry is highly sensitive and specific for the detection of ALK translocated lung adenocarcinomas: lessons from an audit of lung cancer molecular testing. J R Coll Physicians Edinb 2018; 48:20-24. [DOI: 10.4997/jrcpe.2018.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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11
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Cheng YC, Pan YP, Zhang Y, Pan YT, Ding CY, Cao Y, Zhuo L, Fang RF, Gao AY, Guo J, Li AJ, Fu Q, Ma J, Zhan SY. [Investigation of the cognition and behavior on drug safety in Beijing middle school students]. Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2017; 49:1038-1043. [PMID: 29263478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To understand the cognition and behavior of drug safety in Beijing middle school students and provide advice for relevant education. METHODS A cross-sectional survey using paper questionnaires was carried out on the student body of nine Beijing middle schools. Multi-stage proportionate stratified cluster sampling was adopted to enroll participants. In addition to demographic questions, the questionnaire included 17 questions assessing the cognition and behavior of safe drug use, prioritizing questions that aligned with the health education guideline for primary and secondary school students from Chinese Ministry of Education. Descriptive statistical methods were applied using the SAS 9.2 software. RESULTS Of the 4 220 students investigated, 2 097(49.7%) were males and 2 123(50.3%) were females. The average age was (14.3±1.7) years. 2 030(48.1%) students were from downtown areas, 1 511(35.8%) were from urban-rural linking areas and 679(16.1%) were from rural areas. Half (51.5%) of the respondents were junior high school students, and the others were from senior high schools (34.2%) and vocational high schools (14.3%). Most of the students (89.6%) lived off campus. The awareness rate of drug safety knowledge was 74.4%, the median score of drug safety behavior was 4 points (full score was 5 points) and there was a statistically positive correlation between the two (Spearman's correlation coefficient was 0.156, P<0.001). Both the awareness rates and the drug safety behavior scores were statistically different among the students in different regions, different school types and different residence types (P<0.001). Multiple factors analysis demonstrated the correlation between the cognition degrees of both drug safety knowledge, behavior and the above factors. Of all the students, 80.4% agreed that any drug could have adverse drug reactions; 40.5% were aware that antibiotics couldn't kill viruses; as many as 49.6% mistook aspirin as antibiotic; 97.4% would read drug instructions before taking them; Only 42.4% put expired drugs into special recycling bins; 49.8% would deviate from the suggested dosage and frequency of their medication when they were sick with common diseases. CONCLUSION Overall, the cognition of drug safety in Beijing middle school students is good, but problems still exist in medication adherence, the management of expired drugs and the antibiotics cognition, which need to be fixed through specific, pointed way of education. And more efforts should be made to improve the cognition in rural regions, vocational high schools and on campus students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y C Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics,Peking University School of Public Health,Beijing 100191,China
| | - Y P Pan
- Primary and Secondary School Health Care Center of Dongcheng District, Beijing 100007, China
| | - Y Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics,Peking University School of Public Health,Beijing 100191,China
| | - Y T Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics,Peking University School of Public Health,Beijing 100191,China
| | - C Y Ding
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics,Peking University School of Public Health,Beijing 100191,China
| | - Y Cao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics,Peking University School of Public Health,Beijing 100191,China
| | - L Zhuo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics,Peking University School of Public Health,Beijing 100191,China
| | - R F Fang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics,Peking University School of Public Health,Beijing 100191,China
| | - A Y Gao
- Primary and Secondary School Health Care Center of Dongcheng District, Beijing 100007, China
| | - J Guo
- Primary and Secondary School Health Care Center of Huairou District, Beijing 101400, China
| | - A J Li
- Sports Hygiene Center of Fengtai District, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Q Fu
- Sports Hygiene Center of Fengtai District, Beijing 100070, China
| | - J Ma
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health of Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - S Y Zhan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics,Peking University School of Public Health,Beijing 100191,China
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12
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Cheng YC, Smith E, Yen T. Abstract P5-16-09: Overall survival of patients with non-metastatic triple negative breast cancer who received neoadjuvant vs adjuvant chemotherapy: Cohort analysis of National cancer data base (NCDB) 2010 - 2011. Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs16-p5-16-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: One of the benefits of neoadjuvant approach to the treatment of breast cancer is early microscopic disease control, which should translate to improved survival. However, clinical trials have not yet shown a survival benefit for neoadjuvant approach in even high risk patients, such as triple negative cases. Few studies have been performed outside of clinical trials.
Purpose: The objective of our study was to compare the overall survival of Stage I-III triple negative breast cancer patients who received neoadjuvant vs adjuvant chemotherapy within the NCDB, a prospectively collected, large, nationwide, hospital-based cancer outcomes database which contains information for more than 1,500 Commission on Cancer-accredited cancer programs in the U.S.
Patient and Method: We identified a cohort of women, aged > 18 year-old at diagnosis, with clinical stage I-III triple negative breast cancer diagnosed in 2010-2011, who received either neoadjuvant chemotherapy only or adjuvant chemotherapy only. Patients with incomplete or missing vital status, receptors status and treatment information were excluded. Demographic (age at diagnosis, race, ethnicity, comorbidities, insurance, median income, urbanicity), tumor (clinical stage, histology, grade) and treatment (breast surgery, surgical margin, radiation) factors were examined. Stabilized inverse proportion weights were developed and assigned to balance the neoadjuvant and adjuvant groups on all demographic, tumor and treatment covariates. Unadjusted and adjusted overall survival was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using the log-rank test.
Results: Among the 15,483 women with triple negative breast cancer, 4,335 (28%) received neoadjuvant chemotherapy and 11,148 (72%) received adjuvant chemotherapy. Most of the demographic, tumor and treatment factors were similarly distributed among neoadjuvant and adjuvant groups except age at diagnosis and clinical stage. Compared to patients received adjuvant chemotherapy, patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy were more likely to be younger (45% vs. 31% < 50 year-old, p<0.0001) and have a higher clinical stage (35% vs. 6% stage III, p<0.0001). The unadjusted 4-year overall survival of patients received neoadjuvant vs adjuvant approach was 75.8% (95% CI 74.4%-77.4%) and 87.5% (95% CI 87.1%-87.9%), respectively. After adjusting for demographic, tumor and treatment factors, the 4-year overall survival of patients received neoadjuvant vs adjuvant approach was 81.9% (95% CI 79.5%-84.3%) and 85.3% (95% CI 85.2%-85.4%), respectively.
Conclusion: In this NCDB study, the overall survival of triple negative breast cancer patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy was inferior to those received adjuvant chemotherapy, even after adjusting for demographic, tumor and treatment factors. However, information regarding the chemotherapy regimen used and whether a full course of chemotherapy was delivered (2 factors that affect disease response and outcome) was not available. Patient and tumor factors at the time of disease presentation that are important in determining which triple negative patients will benefit from neoadjuvant approach remain to be defined.
Citation Format: Cheng YC, Smith E, Yen T. Overall survival of patients with non-metastatic triple negative breast cancer who received neoadjuvant vs adjuvant chemotherapy: Cohort analysis of National cancer data base (NCDB) 2010 - 2011 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2016 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2016 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-16-09.
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Affiliation(s)
- YC Cheng
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - E Smith
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - T Yen
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
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13
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Xu LL, Zhang LD, Liang YJ, Tang W, Huang XQ, Pei YX, Cheng YC, Huang HM, Zhang C. [Clinical observation on human alpha glucosidase in treatment of five patients with glycogen storage disease Ⅱ]. Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi 2016; 54:829-833. [PMID: 27806790 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0578-1310.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the effect of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) on glycogen storage disease typeⅡ(GSDⅡ). Method: The clinical data of three juvenile onset and two infant onset GSDⅡpatients were collected from First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University in October 2015 to July 2016.Patient 1 was female, the age of onset was 15 months. Patient 2 was male, the age of onset was 20 months. Patient 3 was female, the sister of patient 2, the age of onset was 47 months. Patient 4 was male, the age of onset was 5 months. Patient 5 was male, the age of onset was 1 month.The age at the start of ERT of the 5 patients was 32, 31, 56, 34, and 3 months respectively and the duration of ERT was 19, 9, 4, 5, 5 doses respectively.ERT was administered at 20 mg/kg every 2 weeks.Dexamethasone was regularly given before each infusion. Result: ERT was well tolerated, only one time, Patient 1 developed tachycardia and hypertension without using dexamethasone.Patient 2 underwent successfully ventilator weaning.Patient 1 underwent a tracheotomy, also needed mechanical ventilation treatment.Patient 4 noninvasive ventilation was tried. Conclusion: Recombinant human alpha-glucosidase treatment was effective and well tolerated in patients with GSDⅡ.
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Affiliation(s)
- L L Xu
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
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14
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Ma ED, Leung CH, Chiu P, Cheng YC. Structure-based discovery and development of natural products as Type II JAK2 inhibitors for the treatment of hepatitis C. Hong Kong Med J 2016; 22:32-36. [PMID: 27390008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- E Dl Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong
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15
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Bluher A, Devan WJ, Holliday EG, Nalls M, Parolo S, Bione S, Giese AK, Boncoraglio GB, Maguire JM, Müller-Nurasyid M, Gieger C, Meschia JF, Rosand J, Rolfs A, Kittner SJ, Mitchell BD, O'Connell JR, Cheng YC. Heritability of young- and old-onset ischaemic stroke. Eur J Neurol 2015; 22:1488-91. [PMID: 26333310 DOI: 10.1111/ene.12827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Although the genetic contribution to stroke risk is well known, it remains unclear if young-onset stroke has a stronger genetic contribution than old-onset stroke. This study aims to compare the heritability of ischaemic stroke risk between young and old, using common genetic variants from whole-genome array data in population-based samples. METHODS This analysis included 4050 ischaemic stroke cases and 5765 controls from six study populations of European ancestry; 47% of cases were young-onset stroke (age < 55 years). To quantify the heritability for stroke risk in these unrelated individuals, the pairwise genetic relatedness was estimated between individuals based on their whole-genome array data using a mixed linear model. Heritability was estimated separately for young-onset stroke and old-onset stroke (age ≥ 55 years). RESULTS Heritabilities for young-onset stroke and old-onset stroke were estimated at 42% (±8%, P < 0.001) and 34% (±10%, P < 0.001), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that the genetic contribution to the risk of stroke may be higher in young-onset ischaemic stroke, although the difference was not statistically significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bluher
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - W J Devan
- Stroke Service, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - E G Holliday
- Public Health Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - M Nalls
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute of Aging, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - S Parolo
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council, Pavia, Italy
| | - S Bione
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council, Pavia, Italy
| | - A K Giese
- Albrecht-Kossel-Institute for Neuroregeneration, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - G B Boncoraglio
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - J M Maguire
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - M Müller-Nurasyid
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Department of Medicine I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - C Gieger
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - J F Meschia
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - J Rosand
- Stroke Service, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A Rolfs
- Albrecht-Kossel-Institute for Neuroregeneration, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - S J Kittner
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Neurology, Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - B D Mitchell
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Geriatric Research and Education Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - J R O'Connell
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Y C Cheng
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Research and Development Program, Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Cheng YC, Zeng H, Trull J, Cojocaru C, Malinauskas M, Jukna T, Wiersma DS, Staliunas K. Beam focalization in reflection from flat dielectric subwavelength gratings. Opt Lett 2014; 39:6086-6089. [PMID: 25361162 DOI: 10.1364/ol.39.006086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally demonstrate the recently predicted effect of near-field focusing for light beams from flat dielectric subwavelength gratings (SWGs). This SWGs were designed for visible light 532 nm and fabricated by direct laser writing in a negative photoresist, with the refractive index n=1.5 and the period d=314 nm. The laterally invariant gratings can focus light beams without any optical axis to achieve the transversal invariance. We show that focal distances can be obtained up to 13 μm at normal reflection for TE polarization.
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17
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Zhu ZY, Cheng YC, Schwingenschlögl U. The origin of the pseudogap in α-Ga. J Phys Condens Matter 2011; 23:475502. [PMID: 22075974 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/23/47/475502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Density functional theory, the free-electron empty lattice approximation and the nearly free-electron approximation are employed to investigate the electronic properties of partially covalent α-Ga. Whereas free-electron-like properties are revealed over a large energy range, a deep pseudogap at the Fermi level is characteristic of α-Ga. We explain the origin of the pseudogap in terms of a delicate interplay between the electronic states and the specific Brillouin zone geometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Y Zhu
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, KAUST, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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18
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Huang CC, Chang SJ, Kuo CH, Ko CH, Wann CH, Cheng YC, Lin WJ. GaN epitaxial layers prepared on nano-patterned Si(001) substrate. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2011; 11:1248-1251. [PMID: 21456167 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2011.3075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We report the growth of GaN epitaxial layer on Si(001) substrate with nano-patterns prepared by dry etching facility used in integrated circuit (IC) industry. It was found that the GaN epitaxial layer prepared on nano-patterned Si(001) substrate exhibits both cubic and hexagonal phases. It was also found that threading dislocation observed from GaN prepared on nano-patterned Si(001) substrate was significantly smaller than that prepared on conventional unpatterned Si(111) substrate. Furthermore, it was found that we can reduce the tensile stress in GaN epitaxial layer by about 78% using the nano-patterned Si(001) substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Huang
- Institute of Microelectronics and Department of Electrical Engineering, Center for Micro/Nano Science and Technology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
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Cheng YC, Valero V, Davis ML, Green MC, Gonzalez-Angulo AM, Theriault RL, Murray JL, Hortobagyi GN, Ueno NT. Addition of GM-CSF to trastuzumab stabilises disease in trastuzumab-resistant HER2+ metastatic breast cancer patients. Br J Cancer 2010; 103:1331-4. [PMID: 20877352 PMCID: PMC2990606 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6605918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: One of the proposed mechanisms of trastuzumab-induced regression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive (HER2+) tumours includes facilitation of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) mediates ADCC. We presented our pilot study of adding GM-CSF to trastuzumab in patients with trastuzumab-resistant HER2+ metastatic breast cancer. Methods: Patients with HER2+ metastatic breast cancer that progressed after trastuzumab +/− chemotherapy were continued on trastuzumab 2 mg kg–1 intravenous weekly and GM-CSF 250 μg m–2 subcutaneous daily. Patients were assessed for response every 8 weeks. Treatment was continued until disease progression or intolerable toxicity. Results: Seventeen patients were evaluable (median age 48 years, range 27–75 years). The median number of metastatic sites was 2 (range 1–3); the most common site was the liver (n=10). The median number of prior regimens for metastatic disease was 2 (range 1–5). No objective disease response was observed, but five patients (29%) had stable disease for a median duration of 15.8 (range 10–53.9) weeks. The most common adverse event was rash at the injection site. No grade 4 or irreversible adverse event was seen. Conclusion: The addition of GM-CSF to trastuzumab alone had a modest clinical benefit and acceptable safety profile in heavily pretreated patients with trastuzumab-resistant HER2+ metastatic breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y C Cheng
- Division of Neoplastic Diseases and Related Disorders, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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20
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Hsiao CH, Chang SJ, Wang SB, Chang SP, Cheng YC, Li TC, Lin WJ, Huang BR. Quaternary ZnCdSeTe nanowires. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2010; 10:798-802. [PMID: 20352720 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2010.1813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We report the growth of needle-like high density quaternary ZnCdSeTe nanowires on oxidized Si(100) substrate using vapor-liquid-solid mechanism by molecular beam epitaxy with an Au-based nanocatalyst. It was found that average length and average diameter of the nanowires were 1.3 microm and 91 nm, respectively. It was also found that the as-grown ZnCdSeTe nanowires exhibit mixture of cubic zinc-blende and hexagonal wurtzite structures. Energy depersive results indicate that composition ratio of our nanowire should be Zn0.87Cd0.13Se0.98Te0.02, which agrees excellently with the designated composition ratio of Zn0.87Cd0.13Se0.98Te0.02.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Hsiao
- Institute of Microelectronics and Department of Electrical Engineering, Advanced Optoelectronic Technology Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
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21
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Cheng YC, Bianco CL, Sandler SI, Lenhoff AM. Salting-Out of Lysozyme and Ovalbumin from Mixtures: Predicting Precipitation Performance from Protein−Protein Interactions. Ind Eng Chem Res 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ie071462p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chia Cheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716
| | - Carolina L. Bianco
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716
| | - Stanley I. Sandler
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716
| | - Abraham M. Lenhoff
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716
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Tessier PM, Jinkoji J, Cheng YC, Prentice JL, Lenhoff AM. Self-Interaction Nanoparticle Spectroscopy: A Nanoparticle-Based Protein Interaction Assay. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:3106-12. [DOI: 10.1021/ja077624q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter M. Tessier
- Center for Molecular and Engineering Thermodynamics, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716
| | - Jun Jinkoji
- Center for Molecular and Engineering Thermodynamics, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716
| | - Yu-Chia Cheng
- Center for Molecular and Engineering Thermodynamics, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716
| | - Jessica L. Prentice
- Center for Molecular and Engineering Thermodynamics, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716
| | - Abraham M. Lenhoff
- Center for Molecular and Engineering Thermodynamics, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716
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Ueno NT, Rizzo JD, Demirer T, Cheng YC, Hegenbart U, Zhang MJ, Bregni M, Carella A, Blaise D, Bashey A, Bitran JD, Bolwell BJ, Elfenbein GJ, Fields KK, Freytes CO, Gale RP, Lazarus HM, Champlin RE, Stiff PJ, Niederwieser D. Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation for metastatic breast cancer. Bone Marrow Transplant 2007; 41:537-45. [PMID: 18084340 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1705940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
We reviewed 66 women with poor-risk metastatic breast cancer from 15 centers to describe the efficacy of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Median follow-up for survivors was 40 months (range, 3-64). A total of 39 patients (59%) received myeloablative and 27 (41%) reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) regimens. More patients in the RIC group had poor pretransplant performance status (63 vs 26%, P=0.002). RIC group developed less chronic GVHD (8 vs 36% at 1 year, P=0.003). Treatment-related mortality rates were lower with RIC (7 vs 29% at 100 days, P=0.03). A total of 9 of 33 patients (27%) who underwent immune manipulation for persistent or progressive disease had disease control, suggesting a graft-vs-tumor (GVT) effect. Progression-free survival (PFS) at 1 year was 23% with myeloablative conditioning and 8% with RIC (P=0.09). Women who developed acute GVHD after an RIC regimen had lower risks of relapse or progression than those who did not (relative risk, 3.05: P=0.03), consistent with a GVT effect, but this did not affect PFS. These findings support the need for preclinical and clinical studies that facilitate targeted adoptive immunotherapy for breast cancer to explore the benefit of a GVT effect in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- N T Ueno
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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24
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Wong TC, Wu WC, Cheng HS, Cheng YC, Yam SK. Spontaneous fractures in nursing home residents. Hong Kong Med J 2007; 13:427-429. [PMID: 18057429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate spontaneous long bone fractures occurring in nursing home residents and to identify what factors put them at risk for fractures. DESIGN Retrospective study. SETTING Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of a pubic hospital in Hong Kong. PATIENTS A total of 30 nursing home residents who developed spontaneous long bone fractures between 1994 and 2005 were reviewed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Demographic data, mechanism of injury, pattern of fractures, associated risk factors, complications, outcomes, and post-treatment status. RESULTS The mean age of patients was 84 years. Co-morbidities were as follows: 22 patients were bedridden, 21 required long-term feeding by Ryle's tube, 19 had a history of cerebrovascular accident and 18 of whom had a long bone fracture on the side of the hemiplegia, 15 had dementia, and 25 had lower limb contractures. Closed supracondylar fractures of the femur occurred in 23 patients, 17 of whom presented with limb deformity. In 21 patients, fractures were treated successfully with hinged braces. In one patient, the fracture changed from closed to open. In five patients, the fractures were complicated by sacrum or heel sores, and in one by infected nonunion. In 28 patients, the fractures eventually healed without further complications. Three formerly bedridden patients were able to sit after their fractures had been treated. CONCLUSIONS Female nursing home residents who require long-term Ryle's tube feeding, have dementia, hemiplegia, lower limb contractures, osteoporosis, or are bedridden, are at high risk for spontaneous fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- T C Wong
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Chai Wan, Hong Kong.
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Huang GS, Wu XL, Cheng YC, Li XF, Luo SH, Feng T, Chu PK. Fabrication and field emission property of a Si nanotip array. Nanotechnology 2006; 17:5573-5576. [PMID: 21727326 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/17/22/008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Using a Si-based porous anodic alumina membrane as a mask, we demonstrate a way to pattern Si surface. After removing the SiO(2) nanoislands formed during anodization of the Al/Si interface, we obtain a Si nanotip array on the surface of a Si wafer. This array shows an excellent field emission property with a low turn-on field of 8.5 V µm(-1). The Fowler-Nordheim plot obtained is linearly dependent, indicating that the emission current arises from the quantum tunnelling effect. The Si nanotip array can be expected to have important applications in nanoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Huang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China. Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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Ueno NT, Cheng YC. The future of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for metastatic renal cell carcinoma in the era of target-specific therapy. Bone Marrow Transplant 2006; 38:711-4. [PMID: 17106451 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1705523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Cheng YC, Lobo RF, Sandler SI, Lenhoff AM. Kinetics and equilibria of lysozyme precipitation and crystallization in concentrated ammonium sulfate solutions. Biotechnol Bioeng 2006; 94:177-88. [PMID: 16570321 DOI: 10.1002/bit.20839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The kinetics and thermodynamics of lysozyme precipitation in ammonium sulfate solutions at pH 4 and 8 and room temperature were studied. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) was used to characterize the structure of lysozyme precipitates. It was found that, if sufficient time was allowed, microcrystals developed following an induction period after initial lysozyme precipitation, even up to ionic strengths of 8 m and at acidic pH, where lysozyme is refractory to crystallization in ammonium sulfate. The full set of precipitation and crystallization data allowed construction of a phase diagram of lysozyme, showing the ammonium sulfate dependence. It suggests that precipitation may reflect a frustrated metastable liquid-liquid phase separation, which would allow this process to be understood within the framework of the generic phase diagram for proteins. The results also demonstrate that XRD, more frequently used for characterizing inorganic and organic polycrystalline materials, is useful both in characterizing the presence of crystals in the dense phase and in verifying the crystal form of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chia Cheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, 19716, USA
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28
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Ke WC, Fu CP, Huang CC, Ku CS, Lee L, Chen CY, Tsai WC, Chen WK, Lee MC, Chou WC, Lin WJ, Cheng YC. Optical properties and carrier dynamics of self-assembled GaN/Al(0.11)Ga(0.89)N quantum dots. Nanotechnology 2006; 17:2609-2613. [PMID: 21727512 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/17/10/027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
GaN quantum dots were grown on an Al(0.11)Ga(0.89)N buffer layer by using flow rate modulation epitaxy. The Stranski-Krastanov growth mode was identified by an atomic force microscopy study. The thickness of the wetting layer is about 7.2 monolayers. The temperature dependent photoluminescence studies showed that at low temperature the localization energy, which accounts for de-trapping of excitons, decreases with the reducing dot size. The decrease in emission efficiency at high temperature is attributed to the activation of carriers from the GaN dot to the nitrogen vacancy (V(N)) state of the Al(0.11)Ga(0.89)N barrier layer. The activation energy decreases with reducing dot size.
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Affiliation(s)
- W C Ke
- Department of Electrophysics, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Abstract
We study the quantum coherence in the B800 ring and how it affects the dynamics of excitation energy transfer (EET) in photo-synthetic light-harvesting systems. From an analysis of the spectrum, we determine the disorder parameters for the B800 ring and show that the relatively weak electronic coupling between B800 pigments subtly changes the dynamics of EET and improves the uniformity and robustness of B800 --> B850 EET at room temperature, an example of how a multichromophoric assembly can exploit coherence to optimize the efficiency of photosynthesis. A molecular-level description for the dynamics of EET in the light-harvesting system may prove useful for understanding other nanoscale molecular assemblies and designing efficient nanoscale optical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y C Cheng
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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30
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Abstract
In this paper, we examine the validity of the Markovian approximation and the slippage scheme used to incorporate short time transient memory effects in the Markovian master equations (Redfield equations). We argue that for a bath described by a spectral function, J(omega), that is dense and smoothly spread out over the range omega(d), a time scale of tau(b) approximately 1/omega(d) exists; for times of t > tau(b), the Markovian approximation is applicable. In addition, if J(omega) decays to zero reasonably fast in both the omega --> 0 and omega --> infinity limits, then the bath relaxation time, tau(b), is determined by the width of the spectral function and is weakly dependent on the temperature of the bath. On the basis of this criterion of tau(b), a scheme to incorporate transient memory effects in the Markovian master equation is suggested. Instead of using slipped initial conditions, we propose a concatenation scheme that uses the second-order perturbation theory for short time dynamics and the Markovian master equation at long times. Application of this concatenation scheme to the spin-boson model shows that it reproduces the reduced dynamics obtained from the non-Markovian master equation for all parameters studied, while the simple slippage scheme breaks down at high temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y C Cheng
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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Cheng YC, Lirng JF, Chang FC, Guo WY, Teng MMH, Chang CY, Wong TT, Ho DMT. Neuroradiological findings in atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor of the central nervous system. Acta Radiol 2005; 46:89-96. [PMID: 15841745 DOI: 10.1080/02841850510020987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of atypical teratoid tumor/rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT) of the central nervous system (CNS). MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty cases of CNS AT/RT have been found over the past 23 years in our hospital; these involving 11 boys and 9 girls whose mean age at diagnosis was 5.5 years. Their clinical data, the CT, and MRI findings were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS AT/RT was located in the cerebellum in 15 cases. Four cases arose from the supratentorial region, while only one occurred primarily in the lumbar spinal cord. Almost all cases revealed heterogeneous intensity and heterogeneous enhancement. Peripheral cystic components were common. Survival time ranged from 2 months to 3 years, with a mean survival of 11.6 months. CONCLUSION Most cases of AT/RT are located in the cerebellum. The radiologic manifestations are non-specific. The diagnosis mainly depends on the pathologic findings. However, AT/RT should still remain in the differential diagnosis of brain tumors in young children, especially those located in the cerebellar hemisphere and with eccentric cysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y C Cheng
- Department of Radiology, I-Lan Hospital, Department of Health, The Executive Yuan, I-Lan, Taiwan, ROC
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Wang LW, Cheng YC, Tsai SW. Process modeling of the lipase-catalyzed dynamic kinetic resolution of (R, S)-suprofen 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl thioester in a hollow-fiber membrane. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2004; 27:39-49. [PMID: 15645310 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-004-0379-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2002] [Accepted: 07/13/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A Candida rugosa lipase immobilized on polypropylene powder was employed as the biocatalyst for the enantioselective hydrolysis of (R, S)-suprofen 2,2,2-trifluorothioester in cyclohexane, in which trioctylamine was added as the catalyst to perform in situ racemization of the remaining (R)-thioester. A hollow-fiber membrane was also integrated with the dynamic kinetic resolution process in order to continuously extract the desired (S)-suprofen into an aqueous solution containing NaOH. A kinetic model for the whole process (operating in batch and feed-batch modes) was developed, in which enzymatic hydrolysis and deactivation, lipase activation, racemization and non-enantioselective hydrolysis of the substrate by trioctylamine, and reactive extraction of (R)- and (S)-suprofen into the aqueous phase in the membrane were considered. Theoretical predictions from the model for the time-course variations of substrate and product concentrations in each phase were compared with experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- L W Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
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Zoulim F, Berthillon P, Guerhier FLE, Seigneres B, Germon S, Pichoud C, Cheng YC, Trepo C. Animal models for the study of HBV infection and the evaluation of new anti-HBV strategies. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2002; 17 Suppl:S460-3. [PMID: 12534778 DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-1746.17.s4.10.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our aim was to evaluate the anti-HBV activity of a novel L-nucleoside analog, 2',3'-dideoxy-2',3'-didehydro-beta-L-5-fluorocytidine (beta-L-Fd4C), in study models of HBV infection. METHOD Its mechanism of action was evaluated on the in vitro expressed duck HBV (DHBV) reverse transcriptase and in primary hepatocyte cultures of duck and human origin. The capacity of antiviral therapy to clear viral infection was analyzed in vivo in the duck and woodchuck models. RESULTS beta-L-Fd4C-TP exhibited a more potent inhibitory effect on the RT activity of the DHBV polymerase than other cytidine analogs (lamivudine-TP, ddC-TP, beta-L-FddC-TP). In primary duck hepatocyte cultures, beta-L-Fd4C exhibited a long-lasting inhibitory effect on viral DNA synthesis but could not clear viral cccDNA. In vivo treatment with beta-L-Fd4C in infected ducklings and woodchucks, induced a greater suppression of viremia and intrahepatic viral DNA synthesis than with lamivudine. However, covalently closed circular DNA persistence explained the relapse of viral replication after treatment withdrawal. Viral spread was strongly reduced in the case of early therapeutical intervention, but the number of infected cells did not decline when therapy was started during chronic infection. Liver histology analysis showed a decrease in the inflammatory activity of chronic hepatitis while no ultrastructural modification of liver cells was observed in electron microscopy studies. Furthermore, in human primary hepatocyte cultures, beta-L-Fd4C induced a significant inhibition of HBV DNA synthesis. CONCLUSION beta-L-Fd4C is a potent inhibitor of hepadnavirus RT and inhibits viral DNA synthesis in hepatocytes both in vitro and in vivo. These experimental studies allowed as to show that beta-L-Fd4C is a promising anti-HBV agent. Combination therapy should be evaluated to eradicate viral infection.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Disease Models, Animal
- Ducks
- Hepadnaviridae Infections/drug therapy
- Hepadnaviridae Infections/physiopathology
- Hepatitis/drug therapy
- Hepatitis/physiopathology
- Hepatitis B Virus, Duck/drug effects
- Hepatitis B Virus, Duck/physiology
- Hepatitis B Virus, Woodchuck/drug effects
- Hepatitis B Virus, Woodchuck/physiology
- Hepatitis, Viral, Animal/drug therapy
- Hepatitis, Viral, Animal/physiopathology
- Humans
- In Vitro Techniques
- Marmota
- RNA, Viral/drug effects
- RNA, Viral/physiology
- Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Virus Replication/drug effects
- Virus Replication/physiology
- Zalcitabine/analogs & derivatives
- Zalcitabine/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
- F Zoulim
- INSERM U271 and Liver Department, Lyon, France.
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Cheng YC. L-Nucleoside analogues against cancer-causing viruses have potential in the prevention, delayed onset and treatment of viral associated cancers. Antivir Chem Chemother 2002; 12 Suppl 1:5-11. [PMID: 11594688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been established that several types of cancers have a strong association with viruses. Thus, a potent antiviral compound without toxicity upon long-term usage will be useful not only for the treatment of viral diseases but also for the prevention or the delayed onset of those cancers that have a strong association with viruses. These compounds, depending upon their mechanism of action, could also potentially be useful for the treatment of those viral-associated cancers. L(-)Deoxynucleoside analogues were discovered in my laboratory and by others as an important class of antiviral and anti-cancer chemical entities. L(-)SddC (3TC, lamivudine), L(-)FTC, L(-)Fd4C, and L(-)FMAU are compounds with potent activity against hepatitis B virus (HBV), but with different biological and pharmacological profiles. These compounds may be useful in the prevention or delayed onset of hepatocellular carcinoma associated with HBV. L(-)I-OddU is a potent anti-Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) compound without cytotoxicity and animal toxicity upon long-term dosing, which allows drug concentration in plasma that are much higher than those that are antivirally active. This compound may have the potential to prevent B-cell lymphoma associated with patients undergoing organ transplants in addition to its potential use for the treatment of EBV infection. Furthermore, it may also be useful for the treatment of EBV-associated cancers. In this manuscript, the metabolism, mechanism of action and the resistance, as well as the potential use of this class of compounds targetted against HBV, will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y C Cheng
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn, USA.
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35
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Chen JT, Chang MH, Chung LL, Cheng YC. Comment on "Eigenmode analysis of arbitrarily shaped two-dimensional cavities by the method of point matching". J Acoust Soc Am 2002; 111:33-36. [PMID: 11831805 DOI: 10.1121/1.1410966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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36
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Liu MC, Luo MZ, Mozdziesz DE, Lin TS, Dutschman GE, Gullen EA, Cheng YC, Sartorelli AC. Synthesis of halogen-substituted 3-deazaadenosine and 3-deazaguanosine analogues as potential antitumor/antiviral agents. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2001; 20:1975-2000. [PMID: 11794802 DOI: 10.1081/ncn-100108327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Various 2-halogen-substituted analogues (38, 39, 43 and 44), 3-halogen-substituted analogues (51 and 52), and 2',3'-dihalogen-substituted analogues (57-60) of 3-deazaadenosine and 3-halogen-substituted analogues (61 and 62) of 3-deazaguanosine have been synthesized as potential anticancer and/or antiviral agents. Among these compounds, 3-deaza-3-bromoguanosine (62) showed significant cytotoxicity against L1210, P388, CCRF-CEM and B16F10 cell lines in vitro, producing IC50 values of 3, 7, 9 and 7 microM, respectively. Several 3-deazaadenosine analogues (38, 51, 57 and 59) showed moderate to weak activity against hepatitis B virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Developmental Therapeutics Progam, Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8066, USA
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Abstract
The appropriate choice of resolution in fMRI remains an open question. To address this issue, we simulate the signal change between activated and resting states as a function of blood volume fraction (lambda). From these results, the relative contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) from the resting to the activated state can be calculated as a function of resolution. We consider different vessel orientations and note that, in most cases, the most efficient scanning procedure is for low resolution imaging. To overcome this limitation, a T(1) enhancing contrast agent is proposed to increase the signal from the blood and, hence, the intravascular contribution to the BOLD effect. We show that this effect dramatically increases both the signal changes and the efficiency of high-resolution imaging and should lead to much better visualization and localization of parenchymal changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y C Cheng
- Department of Physics, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106-7079, USA.
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38
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Chen WK, Cheng YC, Ng KC, Hung JJ, Chuang CM. Were there enough physicians in an emergency department in the affected area after a major earthquake? An analysis of the Taiwan Chi-Chi earthquake in 1999. Ann Emerg Med 2001; 38:556-61. [PMID: 11679868 DOI: 10.1067/mem.2001.119054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate physician manpower and mobilization in an urban emergency department receiving patients after a major earthquake. METHODS Patient charts were reviewed. The workload of physicians was assessed semiquantitatively before and after a major earthquake. The physicians' mobilization in the postearthquake emergency response was assessed by using a confidential questionnaire. RESULTS In the 3 days after the earthquake, 566 patients with earthquake-related illnesses or injuries were sent to the urban ED. Three hundred one (53.2%) patients arrived within the initial 10 hours. In the initial hours, there was no significant difference between the number of patients per physician per hour before and after the earthquake. Workloads of wound treatment and advanced life support procedures were significantly higher after the earthquake compared with before the earthquake, during the first to sixth hour and second to fifth hour, respectively. Sixty-five percent of the hospital's physicians did not assist in either the ED or in any other parts of the hospital in the initial 6 hours after the earthquake. CONCLUSION The number of physicians in the ED was insufficient in the initial hours after the earthquake because of the sudden influx of a large number of patients. Future disaster planning must address the issue of physicians' behavior with regard to their priorities immediately after a major earthquake and include greater provision for efficient mobilization of physicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- W K Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, China Medical College Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
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39
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Liu MC, Luo MZ, Mozdziesz DE, Lin TS, Dutschman GE, Gullen EA, Cheng YC, Sartorelli AC. Synthesis and biological evaluation of L- and D-configurations of 2',3'-dideoxy-4'-C-methyl-3'-oxacytidine analogues. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2001; 11:2301-4. [PMID: 11527719 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)00441-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Novel L- and D-configuration 2',3'-dideoxy-4'-C-methyl-3'-oxacytidine and their 5-fluoro analogues have been synthesized from 1-benzyloxy-2-propanone and L-ascorbic acid in eight steps and evaluated for biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Developmental Therapeutics Program, Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8066, USA
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Abstract
We present an analytical form for the density of states for a magnetic dipole in the center of a spherical voxel. This analytic form is then used to evaluate the signal decay as a function of echo time for different volume fractions and susceptibilities. The decay can be considered exponential only in a limited interval of time. Otherwise, it has a quadratic dependence on time for short echo times and an oscillatory decaying behavior for long echo times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y C Cheng
- The MRI Institute for Biomedical Research, 8706 Manchester Road, Suite 102, Brentwood, MO 63144, USA.
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41
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Cheng YC, Lee CJ, Badge RM, Orme AT, Scotting PJ. Sox8 gene expression identifies immature glial cells in developing cerebellum and cerebellar tumours. Brain Res Mol Brain Res 2001; 92:193-200. [PMID: 11483257 DOI: 10.1016/s0169-328x(01)00147-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Sox8 is a member of the E subgroup of Sox genes, the other members of which are Sox9 and Sox10, both of which are implicated in specific human disorders. Recently, Sox8 homologues have been cloned in chick, mouse and human and have been shown to be strongly expressed in the embryonic and adult brain. Nevertheless, the cell types that express Sox8 have not been determined. We show here that Sox8 is expressed in immature glia in the developing cerebellum. Sox8 is also expressed in scattered cells in the cerebellar tumour, medulloblastoma. This gene therefore provides an early glial marker that may provide more detailed insight into the cellular makeup and consequent behaviour of medulloblastomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y C Cheng
- Nottingham Children's Brain Tumour Research Centre, Institute of Genetics, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
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42
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Abstract
Prenatal diagnosis of cleft palate is very important to prenatal consultation and management after birth. To examine if three-dimensional (3-D) ultrasound (US) is an accurate diagnostic method for clinical use, we analyzed our experience in detecting cleft palate by 3-D US. From June 1996 to January 2000, 21 fetuses with facial clefts were scanned by 2-D US, as well as by 3-D US. The coronal and oblique planes were reconstructed by 3-D US to detect the cleft palate. In addition, level II US was performed to find any possibly associated anomalies. All the scans were recorded on optic disks for final analysis. In our study, the gestational age when prenatal diagnosis was made by US initially was between 20 and 34 weeks. The accuracy for prenatal diagnosis of cleft lip with or without cleft palate by 3-D US was 100%, which was superior to that by 2-D US (p < 0.05). In addition, we proposed a novel method to evaluate the cleft palate systemically by 3-D US. In conclusion, from our study, fetuses with cleft lip combined with or without cleft palate can be easily differentiated by 3-D US. The reconstruction of coronal and oblique planes by 3-D US is a powerful tool for detecting cleft palate.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Cheng Kung University Medical College and Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
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Kojda G, Cheng YC, Burchfield J, Harrison DG. Dysfunctional regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression in response to exercise in mice lacking one eNOS gene. Circulation 2001; 103:2839-44. [PMID: 11401942 DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.103.23.2839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous data suggest that 1 endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) gene is sufficient to allow normal expression and function of eNOS under basal conditions. We hypothesized that this might not hold true for conditions known to increase eNOS gene expression, such as exercise. METHODS AND RESULTS Male mice heterozygous for a disruption of the eNOS gene (eNOS(+/)(-)) and normal C56Bl/6J mice (eNOS(+/+)), 3 to 4 months of age, underwent exercise training for 3 weeks. Nontrained mice were exposed to the exercise environment (noise and vibration of the treadmill) without exercise for an identical period. In eNOS(+/+) mice (n=7), exercise increased aortic eNOS protein expression by 3.4+/-0.4-fold (P<0.002). This was associated with a greater vascular cGMP accumulation on stimulation with acetylcholine (P<0.05). Furthermore, exercise training increased eNOS mRNA (1.78+/-0.4-fold) and protein (1.76+/-0.17-fold) in left ventricular tissue, as determined by competitive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western analysis (P<0.05 for both). In striking contrast, exercise had no effect on aortic eNOS expression and cGMP accumulation in eNOS(+/)(-) mice (P>0.05). Thus, although eNOS expression appears to be normal in eNOS(+/)(-) mice under basal conditions, these mice are unable to increase eNOS expression during exercise. CONCLUSIONS These findings show that regulation of eNOS expression during exercise requires the presence of both alleles of the gene and may have implications for conditions in which polymorphisms of eNOS are present in only 1 allele in humans. These individuals may have a normal vascular reactivity under basal conditions but may be unable to adapt their vascular reactivity in response to exercise training.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Kojda
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Duesseldorf, Germany.
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44
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Le Guerhier F, Pichoud C, Jamard C, Guerret S, Chevallier M, Peyrol S, Hantz O, King I, Trépo C, Cheng YC, Zoulim F. Antiviral activity of beta-L-2',3'-dideoxy-2',3'-didehydro-5-fluorocytidine in woodchucks chronically infected with woodchuck hepatitis virus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2001; 45:1065-77. [PMID: 11257017 PMCID: PMC90426 DOI: 10.1128/aac.45.4.1065-1077.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The L-nucleoside analog beta-L-2',3'-dideoxy-2',3'-didehydro-5-fluorocytidine (beta-L-Fd4C) was first shown to exhibit potent activity against hepatitis B virus (HBV) in tissue culture and then to significantly inhibit viral spread during acute infection in the duck HBV model (F. Le Guerhier et al., Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 44:111-122, 2000). We have therefore examined its antiviral activity in a mammalian model of chronic HBV infection, the woodchuck chronically infected with woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV). Side-by-side comparison of beta-L-Fd4C and lamivudine administered intraperitoneally during short-term and long-term protocols demonstrated a more profound inhibition of viremia in beta-L-Fd4C-treated groups. Moreover, beta-L-Fd4C induced a marked inhibition of intrahepatic viral DNA synthesis compared with that induced by lamivudine. Nevertheless, covalently closed circular (CCC) DNA persistence explained the lack of clearance of infected hepatocytes expressing viral antigens and the relapse of WHV replication after drug withdrawal. Liver histology showed a decrease in the inflammatory activity of chronic hepatitis in woodchucks receiving beta-L-Fd4C. An electron microscopy study showed the absence of ultrastructural changes of hepatic mitochondria, biliary canaliculi, and bile ducts. However, a loss of weight was observed in all animals, whatever the treatment, as was a transient skin pigmentation in all woodchucks during beta-L-Fd4C treatment. There was no evidence that lamivudine or beta-L-Fd4C could prevent the development of hepatocellular carcinoma with the protocols used. These results indicate that beta-L-Fd4C exhibits a more potent antiviral effect than lamivudine in the WHV model but was not able to eradicate CCC DNA and infected cells from the liver at the dosage and with the protocol used.
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Voisine C, Cheng YC, Ohlson M, Schilke B, Hoff K, Beinert H, Marszalek J, Craig EA. Jac1, a mitochondrial J-type chaperone, is involved in the biogenesis of Fe/S clusters in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001; 98:1483-8. [PMID: 11171977 PMCID: PMC29283 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.98.4.1483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/28/2000] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A minor Hsp70 chaperone of the mitochondrial matrix of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Ssq1, is involved in the formation or repair of Fe/S clusters and/or mitochondrial iron metabolism. Here, we report evidence that Jac1, a J-type chaperone of the mitochondrial matrix, is the partner of Ssq1 in this process. Reduced activity of Jac1 results in a decrease in activity of Fe/S containing mitochondrial proteins and an accumulation of iron in mitochondria. Fe/S enzyme activities remain low in both jac1 and ssq1 mutant mitochondria even if normal mitochondrial iron levels are maintained. Therefore, the low activities observed are not solely due to oxidative damage caused by excess iron. Rather, these molecular chaperones likely play a direct role in the normal assembly process of Fe/S clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Voisine
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Lai TH, Wu MH, Hung KH, Cheng YC, Chang FM. Successful pregnancy by transmyometrial and transtubal embryo transfer after IVF in a patient with congenital cervical atresia who underwent uterovaginal canalization during Caesarean section: case report. Hum Reprod 2001; 16:268-71. [PMID: 11157818 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/16.2.268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful pregnancy in a patient with congenital cervical atresia is a great challenge for assisted reproductive techniques and reproductive medicine. We report a case of successful pregnancy by transmyometrial and transtubal embryo transfer simultaneously after in-vitro fertilization (IVF) in a 33 year-old patient with congenital cervical atresia diagnosed at the age of 18 years. The patient had experienced cyclic abdominal pain and amenorrhoea since she was 13 years old. She had had two unsuccessful attempts to create a new uterovaginal canal in another hospital. At the age of 32 years, she was referred to our unit and had a successful pregnancy after transmyometrial and transtubal embryo transfer. Caesarean section was performed at 36 weeks gestation due to progressive pre-eclampsia and gestational diabetes. A healthy male baby weighing 2812 g was safely delivered. Uterovaginal canalization with amniotic membrane for the covering of the neo-endocervical wall was performed during Caesarean section. Normal menstrual outflow and symptomatic relief have continued for 5 months after the operation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of successful pregnancy by transmyometrial and transtubal embryo transfer as well as uterovaginal canalization performed during Caesarean section in a patient with congenital cervical atresia.
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Affiliation(s)
- T H Lai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Cheng Kung University Medical College and Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
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Abstract
An approach to potential improvements in magnetic field shielding for a gradient coil system with cylindrical geometry is presented, utilizing "supershielding" conditions for the currents on both the primary and the secondary coils. It is demonstrated that the field can be strongly suppressed everywhere outside a cylindrical shield coil radius, even though the finite-length active shield only partially surrounds a primary coil. The supershielding method, which is aimed at controlling eddy currents, still has sufficient freedom to maintain the desired magnetic field behavior inside the imaging volume. The trade-off is an additional primary current oscillation and increased current peaks and field energy. This method has been applied to design short transverse and axial gradient coils, giving substantially improved shielding compared to an apodization method. Magn Reson Med 45:147-155, 2001.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Shvartsman
- Department of Physics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
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48
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Abstract
Several types of virus were found to have a strong association with different types of cancers. Thus, a selective antiviral compound without toxicity upon long-term usage will be useful not only for the treatment of viral diseases but also for the prevention or the delayed onset of those cancers, which have a strong association with viruses. L(-)Nucleoside analogs were discovered recently in my laboratory as an important class of antiviral and anticancer chemical entities. L(-)SddC (3TC, Lamivudine), FTC, Fd4C, and L(-)FMAU are potent anti-HBV compounds with different pharmacological profiles. These compounds may be useful in the prevention or delayed onset of hepatocellular carcinoma associated with HBV. L(-)I-OddU is the most potent anti-Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) compound without cytotoxicity and animal toxicity upon long-term dosing which gives the pharmacological levels of the drug in plasma. This compound may have the potential to prevent B-cell lymphoma associated with patients undergoing organ transplants in addition to its potential use for the treatment of EBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y C Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St., New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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Fu L, Cheng YC. Characterization of novel human hepatoma cell lines with stable hepatitis B virus secretion for evaluating new compounds against lamivudine- and penciclovir-resistant virus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2000; 44:3402-7. [PMID: 11083647 PMCID: PMC90212 DOI: 10.1128/aac.44.12.3402-3407.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
L-Nucleoside analogs are new therapeutic agents for treatment of chronic hepatitis B. However, their clinical application was limited by the emergence of viral resistance. It is important to develop a new system to evaluate drug cross-resistance and to test new agents that may overcome resistant virus. In this report, three cell lines HepG2-WT10, HepG2-SM1, and HepG2-DM2 are presented; these cell lines were established by transfection of HepG2 cells with unique fully functional 1.1x hepatitis B virus (HBV) genomes: wild-type HBV-adr and its L526M and L526MM550V variants, respectively. We have demonstrated that these genomes have different susceptibilities to lamivudine [L(-)SddC] and penciclovir (PCV). By examining HBV RNA transcription, antigen expression, progeny DNA replication, and viral susceptibilities to L(-)SddC, PCV, and other nucleoside analogs, it is concluded that the cell lines are able to stably produce L(-)SddC- and PCV-sensitive and -resistant HBV virions. In addition, the relative susceptibilities of the wild-type and mutant HBV produced from the stably transfected cell lines to several anti-HBV nucleoside analogs were also examined and found to be about the same as those found by using a transient infection system. PMEA [9-(2-phosphonylmethoxytehyl)-adenine] and QYL685 are able to suppress L(-)SddC- and PCV-resistant HBV. In conclusion, this cell culture system is a novel and useful tool for evaluating anti-HBV compounds and biologics.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Fu
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
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Kira T, Grill SP, Dutschman GE, Lin JS, Qu F, Choi Y, Chu CK, Cheng YC. Anti-Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) activity of beta-L-5-iododioxolane uracil is dependent on EBV thymidine kinase. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2000; 44:3278-84. [PMID: 11083627 PMCID: PMC90192 DOI: 10.1128/aac.44.12.3278-3284.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
beta-L-5-Iododioxolane uracil was shown to have potent anti-Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) activity (50% effective concentration = 0.03 microM) with low cytotoxicity (50% cytotoxic concentration = 1,000 microM). It exerts its antiviral activity by suppressing replicative EBV DNA and viral protein synthesis. This compound is phosphorylated in cells where the EBV is replicating but not in cells where the EBV is latent. EBV-specific thymidine kinase could phosphorylate beta-L-5-iododioxolane uracil to the monophosphate metabolite. The K(m) of beta-L-5-iododioxolane uracil with EBV thymidine kinase was estimated to be 5.5 microM, which is similar to that obtained with thymidine but about fivefold higher than that obtained with 2' fluoro-5-methyl-beta-L-arabinofuranosyl uracil, the first L-nucleoside analogue discovered to have anti-EBV activity. The relative V(max) is seven times higher than that of thymidine. The anti-EBV activity of beta-L-5-iododioxolane uracil and its intracellular phosphorylation could be inhibited by 5'-ethynylthymidine, a potent EBV thymidine kinase inhibitor. The present study suggests that beta-L-5-iododioxolane uracil exerts its action after phosphorylation; therefore, EBV thymidine kinase is critical for the antiviral action of this drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kira
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
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