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Muto J, Fukuda S, Shirakata Y, Tsuda T, Tan E, Dai X, Shiraishi K, Mori H, Murakami M, Higashiyama S, Sayama K. 796 Effect of novel disaccharide for construction of living skin equivalents. J Invest Dermatol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.03.811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Tohyama M, Shirakata Y, Hanakawa Y, Dai X, Shiraishi K, Murakami M, Miyawaki S, Mori H, Utsunomiya R, Masuda K, Hashimoto K, Sayama K. Bcl-3 induced by IL-22 via STAT3 activation acts as a potentiator of psoriasis-related gene expression in epidermal keratinocytes. Eur J Immunol 2018; 48:168-179. [PMID: 28901004 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201747017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
IL-22 induces STAT3 phosphorylation and mediates psoriasis-related gene expression. However, the signaling mechanism leading from pSTAT3 to the expression of these genes remains unclear. We focused on Bcl-3, which is induced by STAT3 activation and mediates gene expression. In cultured human epidermal keratinocytes, IL-22 increased Bcl-3, which was translocated to the nucleus with p50 via STAT3 activation. The increases in CXCL8, S100As and human β-defensin 2 mRNA expression caused by IL-22 were abolished by siRNA against Bcl-3. Although CCL20 expression was also augmented by IL-22, the knockdown of Bcl-3 increased its level. Moreover, the combination of IL-22 and IL-17A enhanced Bcl-3 production, IL-22-induced gene expression, and the expression of other psoriasis-related genes, including those encoding IL-17C, IL-19, and IL-36γ. The expression of these genes (except for CCL20) was also suppressed by the knockdown of Bcl-3. Bcl-3 overexpression induced CXCL8 and HBD2 expression but not S100As expression. We also compared Bcl-3 expression between psoriatic skin lesions and normal skin. Immunostaining revealed strong signals for Bcl-3 and p50 in the nucleus of epidermal keratinocytes from psoriatic skin. The IL-22-STAT3-Bcl-3 pathway may be important in the pathogenesis of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikiko Tohyama
- Department of Dermatology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Yuji Shirakata
- Department of Dermatology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Yasushi Hanakawa
- Department of Dermatology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Xiuju Dai
- Department of Dermatology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Ken Shiraishi
- Department of Dermatology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Masamoto Murakami
- Department of Dermatology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Saori Miyawaki
- Department of Dermatology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Hideki Mori
- Department of Dermatology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Ryo Utsunomiya
- Department of Dermatology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Kana Masuda
- Department of Dermatology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Koji Hashimoto
- Department of Dermatology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Koji Sayama
- Department of Dermatology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
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Nishida-Fukuda H, Araki R, Shudou M, Okazaki H, Tomono Y, Nakayama H, Fukuda S, Sakaue T, Shirakata Y, Sayama K, Hashimoto K, Detmar M, Higashiyama S, Hirakawa S. Ectodomain Shedding of Lymphatic Vessel Endothelial Hyaluronan Receptor 1 (LYVE-1) Is Induced by Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A (VEGF-A). J Biol Chem 2016; 291:10490-500. [PMID: 26966180 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.683201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor 1 (LYVE-1), a type I transmembrane glycoprotein, is known as one of the most specific lymphatic vessel markers in the skin. In this study, we found that the ectodomain of LYVE-1 undergoes proteolytic cleavage, and this process produces soluble LYVE-1. We further identified the cleavage site for ectodomain shedding and generated an uncleavable mutant of LYVE-1. In lymphatic endothelial cells, ectodomain shedding of LYVE-1 was induced by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A, an important factor for angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis under pathological conditions. VEGF-A-induced LYVE-1 ectodomain shedding was mediated via the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM) 17. Wild-type LYVE-1, but not uncleavable LYVE-1, promoted migration of lymphatic endothelial cells in response to VEGF-A. Immunostaining analyses in human psoriasis skin lesions and VEGF-A transgenic mouse skin suggested that the ectodomain shedding of LYVE-1 occurred in lymphatic vessels undergoing chronic inflammation. These results indicate that the ectodomain shedding of LYVE-1 might be involved in promoting pathological lymphangiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Masachika Shudou
- Bioscience, Advanced Research Support Center (ADRES), Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon 791-0295, Japan
| | | | - Yasuko Tomono
- Division of Molecular and Cell Biology, Shigei Medical Research Institute, Okayama 701-0202, Japan
| | - Hironao Nakayama
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, and Strategic Young Researcher Overseas Visiting Program for Accelerating Brain Circulation, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), 5-3-1 Kojimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan, Division of Cell Growth and Tumor Regulation, Proteo-Science Center (PROS), Ehime University, Toon 791-0295, Japan
| | - Shinji Fukuda
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, and Division of Cell Growth and Tumor Regulation, Proteo-Science Center (PROS), Ehime University, Toon 791-0295, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Sakaue
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, and Division of Cell Growth and Tumor Regulation, Proteo-Science Center (PROS), Ehime University, Toon 791-0295, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Michael Detmar
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich CH-8093, Switzerland, and
| | - Shigeki Higashiyama
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, and Strategic Young Researcher Overseas Visiting Program for Accelerating Brain Circulation, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), 5-3-1 Kojimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan, Division of Cell Growth and Tumor Regulation, Proteo-Science Center (PROS), Ehime University, Toon 791-0295, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hirakawa
- From the Departments of Dermatology, Strategic Young Researcher Overseas Visiting Program for Accelerating Brain Circulation, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), 5-3-1 Kojimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan, Department of Dermatology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
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Shirakata Y, Sculean A, Shinohara Y, Sena K, Takeuchi N, Bosshardt DD, Noguchi K. Healing of localized gingival recessions treated with a coronally advanced flap alone or combined with an enamel matrix derivative and a porcine acellular dermal matrix: a preclinical study. Clin Oral Investig 2015; 20:1791-800. [PMID: 26612398 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-015-1680-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a porcine acellular dermal matrix (PADM) with or without an enamel matrix derivative (EMD) on gingival recession defects treated with a coronally advanced flap (CAF) in dogs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Miller class II gingival recession defects (5 mm wide and 7 mm deep) were surgically created on the labial side of bilateral maxillary canines in 12 dogs. After 8 weeks of plaque accumulation, the 24 chronic defects were randomly assigned to one of the following 4 treatments: CAF, CAF with PADM (CAF/PADM), CAF with EMD (CAF/EMD), and CAF with EMD and PADM (CAF/EMD/PADM). The animals were sacrificed 10 weeks after surgery for histologic evaluation. RESULTS In all groups, root coverage was obtained to a varying degree. PADM was well incorporated in gingival connective tissue in the CAF/PADM and in the CAF/EMD/PADM groups. The height of newly formed bone was significantly greater in the CAF/EMD/PADM group than in the CAF and CAF/PADM groups. New cementum with periodontal ligament-like tissue was predominantly found in the CAF/EMD and CAF/EMD/PADM groups. The CAF/EMD/PADM group showed the greatest amount of new cementum among the groups examined, although the difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION Within the limitations of the present study, it can be concluded that CAF/EMD/PADM treatment may promote periodontal regeneration in gingival recession defects. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The present results suggest that the combination of EMD and PADM in conjunction with CAF may represent a promising approach for treating single Miller class II gingival recessions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Shirakata
- Department of Periodontology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan.
| | - A Sculean
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Y Shinohara
- Department of Periodontology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - K Sena
- Department of Periodontology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - N Takeuchi
- Department of Periodontology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - D D Bosshardt
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Oral Surgery and Stomatology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - K Noguchi
- Department of Periodontology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
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Namba C, Tohyama M, Hanakawa Y, Murakami M, Shirakata Y, Matsumoto T, Suemori K, Ishii N, Hashimoto T, Sayama K. Paraneoplastic pemphigus associated with fatal bronchiolitis obliterans and intractable mucosal erosions: Treatment with cyclosporin in addition to steroid, rituximab and intravenous immunoglobulin. J Dermatol 2015; 43:419-22. [DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.13160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chika Namba
- Department of Dermatology; Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine; Ehime Japan
| | - Mikiko Tohyama
- Department of Dermatology; Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine; Ehime Japan
| | - Yasushi Hanakawa
- Department of Dermatology; Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine; Ehime Japan
| | - Masamoto Murakami
- Department of Dermatology; Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine; Ehime Japan
| | - Yuji Shirakata
- Department of Dermatology; Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine; Ehime Japan
| | - Takuya Matsumoto
- Department of Bioregulatory Medicine; Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine; Ehime Japan
| | - Koichiro Suemori
- Department of Bioregulatory Medicine; Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine; Ehime Japan
| | - Norito Ishii
- Department of Dermatology; Kurume University School of Medicine; Kurume University Institute of Cutaneous Cell Biology; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Takashi Hashimoto
- Department of Dermatology; Kurume University School of Medicine; Kurume University Institute of Cutaneous Cell Biology; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Koji Sayama
- Department of Dermatology; Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine; Ehime Japan
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Sotozono C, Ueta M, Nakatani E, Kitami A, Watanabe H, Sueki H, Iijima M, Aihara M, Ikezawa Z, Aihara Y, Kano Y, Shiohara T, Tohyama M, Shirakata Y, Kaneda H, Fukushima M, Kinoshita S, Hashimoto K. Predictive Factors Associated With Acute Ocular Involvement in Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis. Am J Ophthalmol 2015; 160:228-237.e2. [PMID: 25979679 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To suggest an objective score for grading the acute ocular severity of Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), and to determine predictive factors for severe acute ocular involvement such as ocular surface epithelial defect and/or pseudomembrane formation. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. METHODS The medical records of SJS (n = 87) and TEN (n = 48) patients between 2005 and 2007 were reviewed. An acute ocular severity score was determined on a scale from 0 to 3 (none, mild, severe, and very severe) according to the existence of hyperemia, corneal or conjunctival epithelial defect, and pseudomembrane formation. The associations between the severe acute ocular involvement and factors such as patient age, exposed drugs, systemic severity, and the prevalence of ocular sequelae were examined. RESULTS The number of cases with score grade 0, 1, 2, and 3 was 19 (21.8%), 31 (35.6%), 22 (25.3%), and 15 (17.2%) in 87 SJS cases and 12 (25.0%), 11 (22.9%), 17 (35.4%), and 8 (16.7%) in 48 TEN cases. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that patient age (odds ratio [OR], 0.98; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.96-0.99; P = .007) and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs NSAIDs or cold remedies (OR, 2.58; 95% CI, 1.26-5.29; P = .010) were predictive factors for severe acute ocular involvement. The prevalence of visual disturbance and eye dryness increased according to the increase of acute ocular severity (P = .001 and P = .007 in SJS; P = .007 and P = .014 in TEN, respectively). CONCLUSIONS At the onset of SJS/TEN, strict attention should be paid to ocular involvement in young patients and in patients exposed to NSAIDs or cold remedies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chie Sotozono
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Mayumi Ueta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Eiji Nakatani
- Translational Research Informatics Center, Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation, Kobe, Japan
| | - Amane Kitami
- Department of Dermatology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideaki Watanabe
- Department of Dermatology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirohiko Sueki
- Department of Dermatology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masafumi Iijima
- Department of Dermatology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michiko Aihara
- Department of Dermatology, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Zenro Ikezawa
- Department of Dermatology, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yukoh Aihara
- Department of Pediatrics, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoko Kano
- Department of Dermatology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Shiohara
- Department of Dermatology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mikiko Tohyama
- Department of Dermatology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Yuji Shirakata
- Department of Dermatology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Hideaki Kaneda
- Translational Research Informatics Center, Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation, Kobe, Japan
| | - Masanori Fukushima
- Translational Research Informatics Center, Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shigeru Kinoshita
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koji Hashimoto
- Department of Dermatology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsuyama, Japan
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Namba C, Murakami M, Hanakawa Y, Tohyama M, Shirakata Y, Tauchi H, Sayama K. Infantile generalized pustular psoriasis: successful disease control with intermittent etretinate. J Dermatol 2015; 41:403-6. [PMID: 24801915 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.12481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Infantile generalized pustular psoriasis is a rare form of psoriasis and the best treatment is controversial. We experienced a 2-year-old female with erythema on her neck and axilla starting at 3 months of age. She presented with recurrent annular and geographic scaly erythema with a few pustules on the neck, precordium and axilla, but no fever. The histopathology revealed subcorneal neutrophilic infiltration and microabscesses without Kogoj's spongiform pustules. The initial diagnosis was subcorneal pustular dermatosis. However, she developed widespread geographic erythema and numerous pustules over her entire body with a fever when she got a cold. A second skin biopsy revealed monolocular pustules and Kogoj's spongiform pustules in the subcorneal layer. Etretinate was administrated after a diagnosis of pustular psoriasis was made and her condition improved gradually. The choice of treatment depends on patient age, general condition and the disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chika Namba
- Department of Dermatology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
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Kobayashi T, Shiraishi A, Hara Y, Kadota Y, Yang L, Inoue T, Shirakata Y, Ohashi Y. Stromal-epithelial interaction study: The effect of corneal epithelial cells on growth factor expression in stromal cells using organotypic culture model. Exp Eye Res 2015; 135:109-17. [PMID: 25682729 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2015.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between stromal and epithelial cells play important roles in the development, homeostasis, and pathological conditions of the cornea. Soluble cytokines are critical factors in stromal-epithelial interactions, and growth factors secreted from corneal stromal cells contribute to the regulation of proliferation and differentiation of corneal epithelial cells (CECs). However, the manner in which the expression of growth factors is regulated in stromal cells has not been completely determined. To study stromal-epithelial cell interactions, we used an organotypic culture model. Human or rabbit CECs (HCECs or RCECs) were cultured on amniotic membranes placed on human corneal fibroblasts (HCFs) embedded in a collagen gel. The properties of the organotypic culture were examined by hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunofluorescence. In the organotypic culture, HCECs or RCECs were stratified into two-three layers after five days and five-seven layers after nine days. However, stratification was not observed when the HCECs were seeded on a collagen gel without fibroblasts. K3/K12 were expressed on day 9. The HCF-embedded collagen gels were collected on days 3, 5, or 9 after seeding the RCECs, and mRNA expression of growth factors FGF7, HGF, NGF, EGF, TGF-α, SCF, TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3 were quantified by real-time PCR. mRNA expression of the growth factors in HCFs cultured with RCECs were compared with those cultured without RCECs, as well as in monolayer cultures. mRNA expression of TGF-α was markedly increased in HCFs cultured with RCECs. However, mRNA expression of the TGF-β family was suppressed in HCFs cultured with RCECs. Principal component analysis revealed that mRNA expression of the growth factors in HCFs were generally similar when they were cultured with RCECs. In organotypic cultures, the morphological changes in the CECs and the expression patterns of the growth factors in the stromal cells clearly demonstrated stromal-epithelial cell interactions, and the results suggest that stromal cells and epithelial cells may act in concert in the cornea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Kobayashi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Regenerative Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan; Department of Stem Cell Biology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Atsushi Shiraishi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan; Department of Stem Cell Biology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan.
| | - Yuko Hara
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Yuko Kadota
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Lujun Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Inoue
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Yuji Shirakata
- Department of Dermatology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Yuichi Ohashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan; Department of Infectious Diseases, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
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Ono Y, Torii K, Fritsche E, Shintani Y, Nishida E, Nakamura M, Shirakata Y, Haarmann-Stemmann T, Abel J, Krutmann J, Morita A. Role of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor in tobacco smoke extract-induced matrix metalloproteinase-1 expression. Exp Dermatol 2013; 22:349-53. [PMID: 23614742 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Findings from large epidemiologic studies indicate that there is a link between smoking and extrinsic skin ageing. We previously reported that matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) mediate connective tissue damage in skin exposed to tobacco smoke extracts. Tobacco smoke contains more than 3800 constituents, including numerous water-insoluble polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) that trigger aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) signalling pathways. To analyse the molecular mechanisms involved in tobacco smoke-induced skin ageing, we exposed primary human fibroblasts and keratinocytes to tobacco smoke extracts. Hexane- and water-soluble tobacco smoke extracts significantly induced MMP-1 mRNA in both human cultured fibroblasts and keratinocytes in a dose-dependent manner. To clarify the involvement of the AhR pathway, we used a stable AhR-knockdown HaCaT cell line. AhR knockdown abolished the increased transcription of the AhR-dependent genes CYP1A1/CYP1B1 and MMP-1 induced by either of the tobacco smoke extracts. Furthermore, the tobacco smoke extracts induced 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activity, which was almost completely abolished by AhR knockdown. Likewise, treating fibroblasts with AhR pathway inhibitors, that is, the flavonoids 3-methoxy-4-nitroflavone and α-naphthoflavone, blocked the expression of CYP1B1 and MMP-1. These findings suggest that the tobacco smoke extracts induce MMP-1 expression in human fibroblasts and keratinocytes via activation of the AhR pathway. Thus, the AhR pathway may be pathogenetically involved in extrinsic skin ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Ono
- Department of Geriatric and Environmental Dermatology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Japan
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Toki F, Honkura N, Shirakata Y, Imamura T, Higashiyama S, Nanba D. Second harmonic generation reveals collagen fibril remodeling in fibroblast-populated collagen gels. Cell Struct Funct 2013; 38:227-36. [PMID: 24141236 DOI: 10.1247/csf.13017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Remodeling of collagen fibrils is involved in a variety of physiological and pathological processes including development, tissue repair, and metastasis. Fibroblast-populated collagen gel contraction has been employed as a model system to investigate the collagen fibril remodeling within three-dimensional collagen matrices. Research on collagen gel contraction is also important for understanding the mechanism underlying connective tissue repair, and for design considerations for engineered tissues in regenerative medicine. Second harmonic generation (SHG) is a non-linier optical effect by which well-ordered protein assemblies, including collagen fibrils, can be visualized without any labeling, and used for a noninvasive imaging of collagen fibrils in the skin. Here we demonstrate that the remodeling of collagen fibrils in the fibroblast-populated collagen gel can be analyzed by SHG imaging with a multiphoton microscope. Two models of collagen gel contraction (freely versus restrained contraction) were prepared, and orientation of fibroblasts, density, diameter, and distribution of collagen fibrils were examined by multiphoton fluorescent and SHG microscopy. Three-dimensional construction images revealed vertical and horizontal orientation of fibroblasts in freely and restrained gel contraction, respectively. Quantitative analysis indicated that collagen fibrils were accumulated within the gel and assembled into the thicker bundles in freely but not restrained collagen gel contraction. We also found that actomyosin contractility was involved in collagen fibril remodeling. This study elucidates how collagen fibrils are remodeled by fibroblasts in collagen gel contraction, and also proves that SHG microscopy can be used for the investigation of the fibroblast-populated collagen gel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fujio Toki
- Senior Research Fellow Center, Ehime University
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11
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Dai X, Okazaki H, Hanakawa Y, Murakami M, Tohyama M, Shirakata Y, Sayama K. Eccrine sweat contains IL-1α, IL-1β and IL-31 and activates epidermal keratinocytes as a danger signal. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67666. [PMID: 23874436 PMCID: PMC3708933 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Eccrine sweat is secreted onto the skin's surface and is not harmful to normal skin, but can exacerbate eczematous lesions in atopic dermatitis. Although eccrine sweat contains a number of minerals, proteins, and proteolytic enzymes, how it causes skin inflammation is not clear. We hypothesized that it stimulates keratinocytes directly, as a danger signal. Eccrine sweat was collected from the arms of healthy volunteers after exercise, and levels of proinflammatory cytokines in the sweat were quantified by ELISA. We detected the presence of IL-1α, IL-1β, and high levels of IL-31 in sweat samples. To investigate whether sweat activates keratinocytes, normal human keratinocytes were stimulated with concentrated sweat. Western blot analysis demonstrated the activation of NF-κB, ERK, and JNK signaling in sweat-stimulated keratinocytes. Real-time PCR using total RNA and ELISA analysis of supernatants showed the upregulation of IL-8 and IL-1β by sweat. Furthermore, pretreatment with IL-1R antagonist blocked sweat-stimulated cytokine production and signal activation, indicating that bioactive IL-1 is a major factor in the activation of keratinocytes by sweat. Moreover, IL-31 seems to be another sweat stimulator that activates keratinocytes to produce inflammatory cytokine, CCL2. Sweat is secreted onto the skin's surface and does not come into contact with keratinocytes in normal skin. However, in skin with a defective cutaneous barrier, such as atopic dermatitis-affected skin, sweat cytokines can directly act on epidermal keratinocytes, resulting in their activation. In conclusion, eccrine sweat contains proinflammatory cytokines, IL-1 and IL-31, and activates epidermal keratinocytes as a danger signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuju Dai
- Department of Dermatology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan.
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Shirakata Y, Eliezer M, Nemcovsky CE, Weinreb M, Dard M, Sculean A, Bosshardt DD, Moses O. Periodontal healing after application of enamel matrix derivative in surgical supra/infrabony periodontal defects in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. J Periodontal Res 2013; 49:93-101. [DOI: 10.1111/jre.12084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Shirakata
- Department of Periodontology; School of Dental Medicine; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland
- Department of Periodontology; Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Kagoshima Japan
| | - M. Eliezer
- Department of Periodontology; The Maurice and Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine; Tel Aviv Israel
| | - C. E. Nemcovsky
- Department of Periodontology; The Maurice and Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine; Tel Aviv Israel
| | - M. Weinreb
- Department of Oral Biology; The Maurice and Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine; Tel Aviv Israel
| | - M. Dard
- Straumann AG; Basel Switzerland
- Department of Periodontology and Implant Dentistry; New York University; Basel Switzerland
| | - A. Sculean
- Department of Periodontology; School of Dental Medicine; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland
| | - D. D. Bosshardt
- Department of Periodontology; School of Dental Medicine; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland
- Department of Oral Surgery and Stomatology; School of Dental Medicine; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland
| | - O. Moses
- Department of Periodontology; The Maurice and Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine; Tel Aviv Israel
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Nakayama H, Fukuda S, Matsushita N, Nishida-Fukuda H, Inoue H, Shirakata Y, Hashimoto K, Higashiyama S. Human antigen R-mediated mRNA stabilization is required for ultraviolet B-induced autoinduction of amphiregulin in keratinocytes. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:10338-48. [PMID: 23430747 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.417527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
All members of the EGF family are produced as transmembrane precursors that are proteolytically processed into soluble forms by disintegrin and metalloproteinases (ADAMs) for autocrine/paracrine pathways. In turn, the ligand-activated EGF receptor (EGFR) induces the expression of EGF family members, so-called "autoinduction." However, it is not well understood how this autoinduction occurs. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanism of the autoinduction of amphiregulin (AREG), a member of the EGF family. We found that ultraviolet B (UVB) exposure increased the AREG mRNA level by stabilization of its mRNA in a human immortalized keratinocyte cell line, HaCaT. The 3' UTR of AREG mRNA was responsible for binding to an mRNA-binding protein, human antigen R (HuR), and the interaction between AREG mRNA and HuR was enhanced by UVB. Inducible knockdown of HuR expression significantly decreased AREG mRNA stability. Interestingly, treatment of HaCaT cells with an EGFR inhibitor, an EGFR neutralizing antibody, or an ADAM inhibitor destabilized AREG mRNA. In the case of ADAM inhibition, administration of soluble AREG restored the mRNA level, indicating that the stabilization occurs in a shedding-dependent manner of EGFR ligands. The HuR dependence of AREG mRNA and protein expression was also confirmed in human primary keratinocytes. Taken together, we propose a novel mechanism by which HuR regulates the stability of AREG mRNA in keratinocytes after UVB exposure and suggest that targeting of HuR functions might be crucial for understanding skin cancers caused by aberrant EGF family member-EGFR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironao Nakayama
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Ehime University, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
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Murakami M, Okazaki H, Hanakawa Y, Tohyama M, Shirakata Y, Sayama K. The cathelicidin (hCAP-18/LL-37) expression in the granules of leukocytes in the pustules and perhipheral blood with palmoplantar pustulosis. J Dermatol Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2012.11.396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Tohyama M, Shirakata Y, Hanakawa Y, Dai X, Okazaki H, Murakami M, Hashimoto K, Sayama K. CISH suppresses CCL20 production from epidermal keratinocytes in Th2 dominant environment. J Dermatol Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2012.11.307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Soma T, Fujiwara S, Shirakata Y, Hashimoto K, Kishimoto J. Hair-inducing ability of human dermal papilla cells cultured under Wnt/β-catenin signalling activation. Exp Dermatol 2012; 21:307-9. [PMID: 22417309 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2012.01458.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that dermal papilla cells (DPCs) play crucial roles in hair follicle induction. In this study, we examined whether Wnt/β-catenin activation results in maintenance of the hair-inducing ability of human DPCs. Expression of DPC marker genes was maintained under Wnt/β-catenin signalling stimulation by GSK-3β inhibition. Furthermore, human DPCs showed constant hair induction when transplanted with murine epidermal cell fraction. Alu-positive human DPCs were essentially detected adjacent to the reconstructing epidermal structure positive for P-cadherin immunoreactivity. The transplanted human DPCs were abundant in the surrounding dermal sheath portion of the fully regenerated hair follicles. These results support the importance of Wnt/β-catenin signalling in hair follicle induction. This study may provide valuable information to establish a culture method of human DPCs for cell-based therapy.
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Shirakata Y, Yoshimoto T, Takeuchi N, Taniyama K, Noguchi K. Effects of EMD in combination with bone swaging and calcium phosphate bone cement on periodontal regeneration in one-wall intrabony defects in dogs. J Periodontal Res 2012; 48:37-43. [PMID: 22775137 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2012.01499.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Although the application of EMD is a widely accepted periodontal-regenerative therapy, its effects on noncontained intrabony defects are unpredictable because of the lack of a space-making property. The combined use of EMD and autogenous bone grafts reportedly stimulates significant periodontal regeneration in intrabony defects. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of EMD in combination with bone swaging (BS) and injectable calcium phosphate bone cement (CPC), which was placed into the spaces between the grafted swaged bone and the proximal host bone, on periodontal healing in one-wall intrabony defects in dogs. MATERIAL AND METHODS One-wall intrabony defects (3 mm wide and 5 mm deep) were surgically created on the mesial and distal sides of the bilateral mandibular premolars in four dogs. The 16 defects were assigned to one of the following treatments: EMD only, BS only, EMD with BS (EMD + BS), or EMD with BS and CPC (EMD + BS + CPC). The animals were killed 8 wk after surgery for histologic evaluation. RESULTS The height of newly formed bone was significantly greater in the EMD + BS + CPC group (3.73 ± 0.30 mm) than in the BS-only (2.74 ± 0.33 mm; p < 0.05) and EMD + BS (2.88 ± 0.98 mm; p < 0.05) groups. The area of newly formed bone was significantly larger in the EMD + BS + CPC group (5.68 ± 1.66 mm(2)) than in the EMD-only (3.68 ± 0.33 mm(2); p < 0.05), BS-only (3.48 ± 1.26 mm(2); p < 0.05) and EMD + BS (3.38 ± 1.37 mm(2); p < 0.05) groups. The EMD-only (4.63 ± 0.42 mm), EMD + BS (4.67 ± 0.30 mm) and EMD + BS + CPC (4.78 ± 0.54 mm) groups showed significantly greater cementum formation than did the BS-only group (3.93 ± 0.56 mm; p < 0.05). CONCLUSION These results indicate that treatment with EMD + BS + CPC promotes favorable periodontal healing in one-wall intrabony defects in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Shirakata
- Department of Periodontology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
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Tohyama M, Yang L, Hanakawa Y, Dai X, Shirakata Y, Sayama K. IFN-α enhances IL-22 receptor expression in keratinocytes: a possible role in the development of psoriasis. J Invest Dermatol 2012; 132:1933-5. [PMID: 22297633 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2011.468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Saleh MA, Ishii K, Yamagami J, Shirakata Y, Hashimoto K, Amagai M. Pathogenic Anti-Desmoglein 3 mAbs Cloned from a Paraneoplastic Pemphigus Patient by Phage Display. J Invest Dermatol 2012; 132:1141-8. [DOI: 10.1038/jid.2011.449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Nakayama H, Fukuda S, Inoue H, Nishida-Fukuda H, Shirakata Y, Hashimoto K, Higashiyama S. Cell surface annexins regulate ADAM-mediated ectodomain shedding of proamphiregulin. Mol Biol Cell 2012; 23:1964-75. [PMID: 22438584 PMCID: PMC3350559 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e11-08-0683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ectodomain shedding of EGFR ligands by ADAM17 is a key step of transactivation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and the downstream signaling network. In this study, we identified cell surface annexins as regulators of ectodomain shedding of amphiregulin precursor. We propose that cell surface annexins act as a shedding platform to determine the substrate selectivity of ADAM17. A disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM) is a family of enzymes involved in ectodomain shedding of various membrane proteins. However, the molecular mechanism underlying substrate recognition by ADAMs remains unknown. In this study, we successfully captured and analyzed cell surface transient assemblies between the transmembrane amphiregulin precursor (proAREG) and ADAM17 during an early shedding phase, which enabled the identification of cell surface annexins as components of their shedding complex. Annexin family members annexin A2 (ANXA2), A8, and A9 interacted with proAREG and ADAM17 on the cell surface. Shedding of proAREG was increased when ANXA2 was knocked down but decreased with ANXA8 and A9 knockdown, because of enhanced and impaired association with ADAM17, respectively. Knockdown of ANXA2 and A8 in primary keratinocytes altered wound-induced cell migration and ultraviolet B–induced phosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), suggesting that annexins play an essential role in the ADAM-mediated ectodomain shedding of EGFR ligands. On the basis of these data, we propose that annexins on the cell surface function as “shedding platform” proteins to determine the substrate selectivity of ADAM17, with possible therapeutic potential in ADAM-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironao Nakayama
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan
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Yang L, Hashimoto K, Shirakata Y. Epidermogenesis in a skin wound deep through the basement membrane contributes to scar formation. J Dermatol Sci 2012; 65:224-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2011.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2011] [Revised: 09/27/2011] [Accepted: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Yang L, Hashimoto K, Tohyama M, Okazaki H, Dai X, Hanakawa Y, Sayama K, Shirakata Y. Interactions between myofibroblast differentiation and epidermogenesis in constructing human living skin equivalents. J Dermatol Sci 2012; 65:50-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2011.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2011] [Revised: 10/26/2011] [Accepted: 10/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Tohyama M, Watanabe H, Murakami S, Shirakata Y, Sayama K, Iijima M, Hashimoto K. Possible involvement of CD14+ CD16+ monocyte lineage cells in the epidermal damage of Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis. Br J Dermatol 2011; 166:322-30. [PMID: 21936856 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2011.10649.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are characterized by keratinocyte apoptosis and necrosis, resulting in epidermal detachment. Although monocytes abundantly infiltrate the epidermis in SJS/TEN skin lesions, the properties and functions of these cells have not been fully examined. OBJECTIVES To determine the properties of monocytes infiltrating into the epidermis in SJS/TEN. METHODS Immunostaining of skin sections was performed to examine the membrane markers of monocytes infiltrating into skin lesions. RESULTS Immunostaining of cryosections from 11 SJS/TEN skin lesions revealed numerous CD14+ monocytes located along the dermoepidermal junction and throughout the epidermis. The cells coexpressed CD16, CD11c and HLA-DR. CD14+ CD16+ cells were identified in very early lesions without epidermal damage, suggesting that their infiltration is a cause, rather than a result, of epidermal damage. Moreover, these cells expressed CD80, CD86 and CD137 ligand, indicative of their ability to facilitate the proliferation and cytotoxicity of CD8+ T cells. CD16+ cells infiltrating the epidermis and detected at the dermoepidermal junction were immunostained and counted in paraffin-embedded skin sections obtained from 47 patients with drug rash manifested as TEN, SJS, maculopapular-type rash or erythema multiform-type rash. The number of CD16+ monocytes infiltrating the epidermis increased significantly, depending on the grade of epidermal damage. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the appearance of CD14+ CD16+ cells of monocyte lineage plays an important role in the epidermal damage associated with SJS/TEN, most probably by enhancing the cytotoxicity of CD8+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tohyama
- Department of Dermatology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon-city, Ehime 791-0295, Japan.
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Okazaki H, Hirakawa S, Shudou M, Nakaoka Y, Shirakata Y, Miyata K, Oike Y, Hashimoto K, Sayama K. Targeted overexpression of Angptl6/angiopoietin-related growth factor in the skin promotes angiogenesis and lymphatic vessel enlargement in response to ultraviolet B. J Dermatol 2011; 39:366-74. [PMID: 22132739 DOI: 10.1111/j.1346-8138.2011.01396.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is required for physiological tissue repair processes, such as cutaneous wound healing. However, recent studies indicate that endogenous angiogenic factors may enhance photo-induced skin alterations in response to experimental ultraviolet (UV)-B exposure. Angiopoietin-related growth factor (AGF), also known as angiopoietin-like protein 6 (Angptl6), is known to promote new blood vessel formation and vascular hyperpermeability. Importantly, epidermal overexpression of Angptl6/AGF in mice promotes wound healing in the skin. However, it remains unclear whether overexpression of Angptl6/AGF facilitates tissue repair processes in response to UV-B irradiation. To test this hypothesis, we subjected Angptl6/AGF transgenic mice to acute or chronic UV-B exposure. Surprisingly, transgenic mice showed enhanced photosensitivity to subthreshold doses of UV-B that did not induce skin alterations in wild-type littermates. Marked enlargement of blood vessels was observed after a single exposure to UV-B in Angptl6/AGF transgenic mice, although no epidermal changes were observed. Chronic UV-B exposure over 14 weeks promoted cutaneous skin damage in Angptl6/AGF transgenic mice, whereas wild-type mice showed little or no macroscopic skin alteration. In addition to pronounced angiogenesis and epidermal hyperplasia, marked enlargement of dermal lymphatic vessels was observed in UV-B-exposed Angptl6/AGF transgenic mice. Electron microscopy analysis further revealed that the number and size of collagen bundles in the dermis was markedly reduced after chronic UV-B exposure in Angptl6/AGF transgenic mice. Taken together, these results indicate that ectopic expression of Angptl6/AGF in mice likely promotes UV-B-induced skin alterations, and that angiogenesis could be a therapeutic target in prevention of skin photo-aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidenori Okazaki
- Department of Dermatology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
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Okazaki H, Tokumaru S, Hanakawa Y, Shiraishi K, Shirakata Y, Dai X, Yang L, Tohyama M, Hashimoto K, Sayama K. Nuclear translocation of phosphorylated STAT3 regulates VEGF-A-induced lymphatic endothelial cell migration and tube formation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 412:441-5. [PMID: 21835168 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.07.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2011] [Accepted: 07/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an endothelial cell-specific growth factor that regulates endothelial functions, and signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs) are known to be important during VEGF receptor signaling. The aim of this study was to determine whether STAT3 regulates VEGF-induced lymphatic endothelial cell (LEC) migration and tube formation. VEGF-A (33 ng/ml) enhanced LEC migration by 2-fold and increased tube length by 25% compared with the control, as analyzed using a Boyden chamber and Matrigel assay, respectively. Western blot analysis and immunostaining revealed that VEGF-A induced the nuclear translocation of phosphorylated STAT3 in LECs, and this translocation was blocked by the transfection of LECs with an adenovirus vector expressing a dominant-negative mutant of STAT3 (Ax-STAT3F). Transfection with Ax-STAT3F also almost completely inhibited VEGF-A-induced LEC migration and tube formation. These results indicate that STAT3 is essential for VEGF-A-induced LEC migration and tube formation and that STAT3 regulates LEC functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Okazaki
- Department of Dermatology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
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Dai X, Sayama K, Tohyama M, Shirakata Y, Hanakawa Y, Tokumaru S, Yang L, Hirakawa S, Hashimoto K. Mite allergen is a danger signal for the skin via activation of inflammasome in keratinocytes. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011; 127:806-14.e1-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2010.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2010] [Revised: 11/22/2010] [Accepted: 12/02/2010] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Ozeki T, Mushiroda T, Yowang A, Takahashi A, Kubo M, Shirakata Y, Ikezawa Z, Iijima M, Shiohara T, Hashimoto K, Kamatani N, Nakamura Y. Genome-wide association study identifies HLA-A*3101 allele as a genetic risk factor for carbamazepine-induced cutaneous adverse drug reactions in Japanese population. Hum Mol Genet 2010; 20:1034-41. [PMID: 21149285 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddq537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 398] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An anticonvulsant, carbamazepine (CBZ), is known to show incidences of cutaneous adverse drug reactions (cADRs) including Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) and drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DIHS). To identify a gene(s) susceptible to CBZ-induced cADRs, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in 53 subjects with the CBZ-induced cADRs, including SJS, TEN and DIHS, and 882 subjects of a general population in Japan. Among the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) analyzed in the GWAS, 12 SNPs showed significant association with CBZ-induced cADRs, and rs1633021 showed the smallest P-value for association with CBZ-induced cADRs (P = 1.18 × 10⁻¹³). These SNPs were located within a 430 kb linkage disequilibrium block on chromosome 6p21.33, including the HLA-A locus. Thus, we genotyped the individual HLA-A alleles in 61 cases and 376 patients who showed no cADRs by administration of CBZ (CBZ-tolerant controls) and found that HLA-A*3101 was present in 60.7% (37/61) of the patients with CBZ-induced cADRs, but in only 12.5% (47/376) of the CBZ-tolerant controls (odds ratio = 10.8, 95% confidence interval 5.9-19.6, P = 3.64 × 10⁻¹⁵), implying that this allele has the 60.7% sensitivity and 87.5% specificity when we apply HLA-A*3101 as a risk predictor for CBZ-induced cADRs. Although DIHS is clinically distinguished from SJS and TEN, our data presented here have indicated that they share a common genetic factor as well as a common pathophysiological mechanism. Our findings should provide useful information for making a decision of individualized medication of anticonvulsants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Ozeki
- Research Group for Pharmacogenomics, RIKEN Center for Genomic Medicine, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
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Sayama K, Yamamoto M, Shirakata Y, Hanakawa Y, Hirakawa S, Dai X, Tohyama M, Tokumaru S, Shin MS, Sakurai H, Akira S, Hashimoto K. E2 Polyubiquitin-conjugating enzyme Ubc13 in keratinocytes is essential for epidermal integrity. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:30042-9. [PMID: 20663875 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.106484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The E2 polyubiquitin-conjugating enzyme Ubc13 is a mediator of innate immune reactions. Ubc13 mediates the conjugation of keratin (K)63-linked polyubiquitin chains onto TNF receptor-associated factor 6 and IKKγ during NF-κB activation. In contrast to K48-linked polyubiquitin chains, K63-linked polyubiquitin chains function in nonproteasomal biological processes. Although Ubc13 has been shown to be critical for Toll-like receptor (TLR) and IL-1 receptor signaling, the function of Ubc13 in the epidermis has not been studied. We generated keratinocyte-specific Ubc13-deficient mice (Ubc13(flox/flox)K5-Cre). At birth, the skin of the Ubc13(flox/flox)K5-Cre mice was abnormally shiny and smooth; in addition, the mice did not grow and died by postnatal day 2. Histological analysis showed atrophy of the epidermis with keratinocyte apoptosis. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed reduced proliferation, abnormal differentiation, and apoptosis of keratinocytes in the Ubc13(flox/flox)K5-Cre mouse epidermis. In culture, Ubc13(flox/flox)K5-Cre keratinocyte growth was impaired, and spontaneous cell death occurred. Moreover, the deletion of Ubc13 from cultured Ubc13(flox/flox) keratinocytes by means of an adenoviral vector carrying Cre recombinase also resulted in spontaneous cell death. Therefore, Ubc13 is essential for keratinocyte growth, differentiation, and survival. Analyses of intracellular signaling revealed that the IL-1 and TNF-induced activation of JNK, p38, and NF-κB pathways was impaired in Ubc13(flox/flox)K5-Cre keratinocytes. In conclusion, Ubc13 appears to be essential for epidermal integrity in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Sayama
- Department of Dermatology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime 791-0295, Japan.
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Sayama K, Kajiya K, Sugawara K, Sato S, Hirakawa S, Shirakata Y, Hanakawa Y, Dai X, Ishimatsu-Tsuji Y, Metzger D, Chambon P, Akira S, Paus R, Kishimoto J, Hashimoto K. Inflammatory mediator TAK1 regulates hair follicle morphogenesis and anagen induction shown by using keratinocyte-specific TAK1-deficient mice. PLoS One 2010; 5:e11275. [PMID: 20585657 PMCID: PMC2890581 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0011275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2010] [Accepted: 05/30/2010] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) is a member of the NF-κB pathway and regulates inflammatory responses. We previously showed that TAK1 also regulates keratinocyte growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. However, it is unknown whether TAK1 has any role in epithelial–mesenchymal interactions. To examine this possibility, we studied the role of TAK1 in mouse hair follicle development and cycling as an instructive model system. By comparing keratinocyte-specific TAK1-deficient mice (Map3k7fl/flK5-Cre) with control mice, we found that the number of hair germs (hair follicles precursors) in Map3k7fl/flK5-Cre mice was significantly reduced at E15.5, and that subsequent hair follicle morphogenesis was retarded. Next, we analyzed the role of TAK1 in the cyclic remodeling in follicles by analyzing hair cycle progression in mice with a tamoxifen-inducible keratinocyte-specific TAK1 deficiency (Map3k7fl/flK14-Cre-ERT2). After active hair growth (anagen) was induced by depilation, TAK1 was deleted by topical tamoxifen application. This resulted in significantly retarded anagen development in TAK1-deficient mice. Deletion of TAK1 in hair follicles that were already in anagen induced premature, apoptosis-driven hair follicle regression, along with hair follicle damage. These studies provide the first evidence that the inflammatory mediator TAK1 regulates hair follicle induction and morphogenesis, and is required for anagen induction and anagen maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Sayama
- Department of Dermatology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan.
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Abstract
Epidermal keratinocytes are the main component cells of the epidermis and their function is regulated by various kinds of growth factors, cytokines, and chemokines. Of these, members of the epidermal growth factor and fibroblast growth factor families, as wells as hepatocyte growth factor and insulin-like growth factor, play central roles in keratinocyte proliferation, while transforming growth factor-beta, vitamin D3, and interferon-gamma are important inhibitors of keratinocyte growth. Keratinocytes are known to produce many of the currently identified growth factors, cytokines and chemokines. Keratinocyte-derived growth factors and cytokines regulate immune and inflammatory responses, and play important roles in pathological skin conditions. This review focuses on the regulation of keratinocytes by growth factors, cytokines, and chemokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Shirakata
- Department of Dermatology, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa 454, Toon City, Ehime 791-0295, Japan.
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Shibata S, Tada Y, Kanda N, Nashiro K, Kamata M, Karakawa M, Miyagaki T, Kai H, Saeki H, Shirakata Y, Watanabe S, Tamaki K, Sato S. Possible Roles of IL-27 in the Pathogenesis of Psoriasis. J Invest Dermatol 2010; 130:1034-9. [DOI: 10.1038/jid.2009.349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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32
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Shirakata Y, Tokumaru S, Sayama K, Hashimoto K. Auto- and cross-induction by betacellulin in epidermal keratinocytes. J Dermatol Sci 2010; 58:162-4. [PMID: 20399616 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2010.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2010] [Revised: 03/19/2010] [Accepted: 03/19/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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33
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Torii K, Maeda A, Saito C, Furuhashi T, Shintani Y, Shirakata Y, Morita A. UVB wavelength dependency of antimicrobial peptide induction for innate immunity in normal human keratinocytes. J Dermatol Sci 2009; 56:217-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2009.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2009] [Revised: 07/19/2009] [Accepted: 07/23/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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34
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Yang L, Shirakata Y, Tokumaru S, Xiuju D, Tohyama M, Hanakawa Y, Hirakawa S, Sayama K, Hashimoto K. Living skin equivalents constructed using human amnions as a matrix. J Dermatol Sci 2009; 56:188-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2009.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2009] [Revised: 09/24/2009] [Accepted: 09/24/2009] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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35
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Hirakawa S, Detmar M, Kerjaschki D, Nagamatsu S, Matsuo K, Tanemura A, Kamata N, Higashikawa K, Okazaki H, Kameda K, Nishida-Fukuda H, Mori H, Hanakawa Y, Sayama K, Shirakata Y, Tohyama M, Tokumaru S, Katayama I, Hashimoto K. Nodal lymphangiogenesis and metastasis: Role of tumor-induced lymphatic vessel activation in extramammary Paget's disease. Am J Pathol 2009; 175:2235-48. [PMID: 19815713 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2009.090420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Nodal lymphangiogenesis promotes distant lymph node (LN) metastasis in experimental cancer models. However, the role of nodal lymphangiogenesis in distant metastasis and in the overall survival of cancer patients remains unknown. Therefore, we investigated mechanisms that might facilitate regional and distant LN metastasis in extramammary Paget's disease (EMPD). We retrospectively analyzed the impact of tumor-induced lymphatic vessel activation on the survival of 116 patients, the largest cohort with EMPD studied to date. Nodal lymphangiogenesis was significantly increased in metastatic, compared with tumor-free, LNs (P = 0.022). Increased lymphatic invasion within regional LNs was significantly associated with distant metastasis in LN (P = 0.047) and organs (P = 0.003). Thus, invasion within regional LNs is a powerful indicator of systemic tumor spread and reduced patient survival in EMPD (P = 0.0004). Lymphatic vessels associated with tumors expressed stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1), whereas CXCR4 was expressed on invasive Paget cells undergoing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-like process. A431 cells overexpressing Snail expressed increased levels of CXCR4 in the presence of transforming growth factor-beta1. Haptotactic migration assays confirmed that Snail-induced EMT-like process promotes tumor cell motility via the CXCR4-SDF-1 axis. Sinusoidal lymphatic endothelial cells and macrophages expressed SDF-1 in subcapsular sinuses of lymph nodes before Paget cell arrival. Our findings reveal that EMT-related features likely promote lymphatic metastasis of EMPD by activating the CXCR4-SDF-1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Hirakawa
- Department of Dermatology, Integrated Center for Sciences, Ehime University, Japan.
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36
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Tohyama M, Hanakawa Y, Shirakata Y, Dai X, Yang L, Hirakawa S, Tokumaru S, Okazaki H, Sayama K, Hashimoto K. IL-17 and IL-22 mediate IL-20 subfamily cytokine production in cultured keratinocytes via increased IL-22 receptor expression. Eur J Immunol 2009; 39:2779-88. [PMID: 19731362 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200939473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
IL-20 cytokine subfamily members, including IL-19, IL-20, and IL-24, are highly expressed in psoriatic skin lesions. Here, we demonstrate that psoriasis mediators IL-17 and IL-22 synergistically induce the production of IL-20 subfamily proteins in cultured human keratinocytes. Interestingly, expression of the IL-22 receptor (IL-22R) also increased in epidermal lesions versus normal skin. IL-22R over-expression using an adenoviral vector to mimic psoriatic conditions in cultured keratinocytes significantly enhanced IL-17- and IL-22-induced production of IL-20 subfamily cytokines. Furthermore, IL-17 and IL-22 coordinately enhanced MIP-3alpha, IL-8, and heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF) production, depending on the amount of IL-22R expression. Additionally, because IL-20 and IL-24 share the IL-22R with IL-22, the function of IL-20 and IL-24 was also increased. IL-20 and IL-24 have effects similar to that of IL-22; IL-24 showed more potent expression than IL-20. A combination of IL-24 and IL-17 increased the production of MIP-3alpha, IL-8, and HB-EGF, as did a combination of IL-22 and IL-17. These data indicate that increased IL-22R expression in epidermal keratinocytes contributes to the pathogenesis of psoriasis through enhancing the coordinated effects of IL-22 and IL-17, inducing the production of the IL-20 subfamily, chemokines, and growth factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikiko Tohyama
- Department of Dermatology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon-city, Ehime 791-0295, Japan.
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Hara Y, Shiraishi A, Kobayashi T, Kadota Y, Shirakata Y, Hashimoto K, Ohashi Y. Alteration of TLR3 pathways by glucocorticoids may be responsible for immunosusceptibility of human corneal epithelial cells to viral infections. Mol Vis 2009; 15:937-48. [PMID: 19452017 PMCID: PMC2683030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2009] [Accepted: 04/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) recognizes viral double-stranded RNA and its synthetic analog polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid (poly(I:C)), and the activation of TLR3 is known to induce the production of type I interferon (IFN) and inflammatory cytokines/chemokines. The purpose of this study was to determine the role played by innate responses to a herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) infection of the corneal epithelial cells. In addition, we determined the effects of immunosuppressive drugs on the innate responses. METHODS Cultured human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs) were exposed to poly(I:C), and the expressions of the mRNAs of the cytokines/chemokines macrophage-inflammatory protein 1 alpha (MIP1-alpha), macrophage-inflammatory protein 1 beta (MIP1-beta), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), Interferon-beta (IFN-beta), and TLR3 were determined using real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The effects of dexamethasone (DEX, 10(-6) or 10(-5) M) and cyclosporine A (CsA, 10(-6) or 10(-5) M) on the expression of these cytokines and TLR3 were also determined using real-time RT-PCR. Levels of MIP1-alpha, MIP1-beta, IL-6, IL-8, RANTES, and IFN-beta were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NFkappaB) and interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) in HCECs was assessed by immunohistochemical staining. The effects of DEX and CsA on HCECs exposed to HSV-1 (McKrae strain) were also examined. RESULTS The expressions of MIP1-alpha, MIP1-beta, IL-6, IL-8, RANTES, IFN-beta, and TLR3 were up-regulated in HCECs exposed to poly(I:C). The poly(I:C)-induced expressions of IL-6 and IL-8 were down-regulated by both DEX and CsA, while the expressions of IFN-beta and TLR3 were suppressed by DEX alone. Similarly, the poly(I:C)-induced activation of NFkappaB was decreased by both DEX and CsA, and the activation of IRF3 was reduced by DEX alone. When HCECs were inoculated with HSV-1, DEX led to a decrease in the expression of IL6, IFN-beta, and TLR3, and an extension of plaque formation. CONCLUSION These results indicate that DEX may increase the susceptibility of HCECs to viral infections by altering the TLR3 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Hara
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ehime University School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Japan
| | - Atsushi Shiraishi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Regenerative Medicine, Ehime University School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kobayashi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Regenerative Medicine, Ehime University School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Japan
| | - Yuko Kadota
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ehime University School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Japan
| | - Yuji Shirakata
- Department of Dermatology, Ehime University School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Japan
| | - Koji Hashimoto
- Department of Dermatology, Ehime University School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Japan
| | - Yuichi Ohashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ehime University School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Japan
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38
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Sotozono C, Ueta M, Koizumi N, Inatomi T, Shirakata Y, Ikezawa Z, Hashimoto K, Kinoshita S. Diagnosis and Treatment of Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis with Ocular Complications. Ophthalmology 2009; 116:685-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2008.12.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2008] [Revised: 11/26/2008] [Accepted: 12/18/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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39
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Tohyama M, Shirakata Y, Sayama K, Hashimoto K. The influence of hepatic damage on serum soluble Fas ligand levels of patients with drug rashes. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2009; 123:971-2; author reply 972. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2009.01.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2008] [Accepted: 01/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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40
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Tohyama M, Shirakata Y, Sayama K, Hashimoto K. A marked increase in serum soluble Fas ligand in drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome. Br J Dermatol 2008; 159:981-4. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2008.08750.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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41
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Dai X, Sayama K, Tohyama M, Shirakata Y, Yang L, Hirakawa S, Tokumaru S, Hashimoto K. The NF- B, p38 MAPK and STAT1 pathways differentially regulate the dsRNA-mediated innate immune responses of epidermal keratinocytes. Int Immunol 2008; 20:901-9. [DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxn048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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42
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Nanba D, Inoue H, Shigemi Y, Shirakata Y, Hashimoto K, Higashiyama S. An intermediary role of proHB-EGF shedding in growth factor-induced c-Myc gene expression. J Cell Physiol 2007; 214:465-73. [PMID: 17674363 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.21233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Activation of growth factor receptors by ligand binding leads to an increased expression of c-Myc, a transcriptional regulator for cell proliferation. The activation of transcriptional factors via the activated receptors is thought to be the main role of c-Myc gene expression. We demonstrate here that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)- and fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR)-mediated c-Myc induction and cell cycle progression in primary cultured mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) are abrogated by knockout of the heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (Hb-egf) gene, or by a metalloproteinase inhibitor, although molecules downstream of the receptors are activated. Induction of c-Myc expression by EGF or basic FGF is recovered in Hb-egf-depleted MEFs by overexpression of wild-type proHB-EGF, but no recovery was observed with an uncleavable mutant of proHB-EGF. The uncleavable mutant also inhibited EGF-induced acetylation of histone H3 at the mouse c-Myc first intron region, which could negatively affect transcriptional activation. We conclude that signal transduction initiated by generation of the carboxyl-terminal fragment of proHB-EGF (HB-EGF-CTF) in the shedding event plays an important intermediary role between growth factor receptor activation and c-Myc gene induction.
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MESH Headings
- Adenoviridae/genetics
- Alkaline Phosphatase/metabolism
- Animals
- Cell Culture Techniques
- Cell Cycle
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cells, Cultured
- Chromatin Immunoprecipitation
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Embryo, Mammalian/cytology
- Embryo, Mammalian/metabolism
- Epidermal Growth Factor/genetics
- Epidermal Growth Factor/pharmacology
- Epigenesis, Genetic
- ErbB Receptors/physiology
- Fibroblast Growth Factor 2/genetics
- Fibroblast Growth Factor 2/pharmacology
- Fibroblasts
- Fibrosarcoma/pathology
- Gene Expression
- Genes, myc
- Heparin/deficiency
- Heparin/genetics
- Heparin/physiology
- Humans
- Keratinocytes/cytology
- Keratinocytes/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Microscopy, Fluorescence
- Mutation
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor/physiology
- Recombinant Proteins/pharmacology
- Transfection
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Nanba
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan
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Tohyama M, Sayama K, Komatsuzawa H, Hanakawa Y, Shirakata Y, Dai X, Yang L, Tokumaru S, Nagai H, Hirakawa S, Sugai M, Hashimoto K. CXCL16 is a novel mediator of the innate immunity of epidermal keratinocytes. Int Immunol 2007; 19:1095-102. [PMID: 17855433 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxm083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidermis is constantly exposed to a variety of microbial pathogens and plays a vital role in resisting them. Soluble CXC chemokine ligand (CXCL) 16, which is one of the ELR- CXC chemokines, acts as a mediator of innate immunity by attracting CXC chemokine receptor (CXCR) 6-expressing cells, such as activated T cells and NKT cells. However, the production of CXCL16 by non-immune cells remains unclear. We found that cultured keratinocytes produced a significant amount of CXCL16 (2-3 ng per 10(6) cells per 24 h). Stimulation with tumor necrosis factor alpha, IL-1alpha, IFN-gamma, peptidoglycan and polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)] enhanced CXCL16 production. The forms of CXCL16 in the culture supernatants had molecular weights of 14, 28 and 50 kDa. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the normal human epidermis expressed CXCL16. As several chemokines have anti-microbial activities, we studied the anti-microbial activity of CXCL16. The chemokine domain of CXCL16 at concentrations >5 microg ml(-1) had significant anti-microbial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Killing activity was retained at the physiological salt concentration in the presence of carbonate. In conclusion, CXCL16 is a novel mediator of the innate immune reactivities of epidermal keratinocytes.
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MESH Headings
- Antibodies/immunology
- Antigen-Antibody Complex
- Cells, Cultured
- Chemokine CXCL16
- Chemokines, CXC/biosynthesis
- Chemokines, CXC/genetics
- Chemokines, CXC/physiology
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Epidermal Cells
- Epidermis/immunology
- Humans
- Immunity, Innate/immunology
- Keratinocytes/cytology
- Keratinocytes/immunology
- Ligands
- Peptidoglycan/pharmacology
- Poly I-C/pharmacology
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/immunology
- Receptors, Scavenger/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Scavenger/genetics
- Receptors, Scavenger/physiology
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Structure-Activity Relationship
- Toll-Like Receptors/drug effects
- Toll-Like Receptors/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikiko Tohyama
- Department of Dermatology, Ehime University School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon-city, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
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Morita SI, Shirakata Y, Shiraishi A, Kadota Y, Hashimoto K, Higashiyama S, Ohashi Y. Human corneal epithelial cell proliferation by epiregulin and its cross-induction by other EGF family members. Mol Vis 2007; 13:2119-2128. [PMID: 18079685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2007] [Accepted: 11/12/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effects of epiregulin, a newly identified member of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family, on the proliferation of human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs). METHODS The proliferation of HCECs was determined by cell counting and BrdU incorporation assays at specific times after exposure to different concentrations of human recombinant epiregulin (0 to 20 ng/ml). Immunohistochemical staining was used to localize epiregulin in cadaveric corneas. RT-PCR and real-time PCR were used to determine the expression levels of epiregulin in cultured and cadaveric HCECs. To examine the interaction between epiregulin and epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFRs), the phosphorylation of ErbB1 and ERK1/ERK2 (ERK1/2) was estimated by western blot analysis in the presence or absence of AG1478, a specific inhibitor of EGFR kinase activity. To search for cross-induction of epiregulin by other EGF family members, the expressions of EGF, heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF), amphiregulin (AR), and transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) mRNA were determined by real-time PCR in the presence of 10 ng/ml of epiregulin. Conversely, the expression of epiregulin was also determined following the incubation of HCECs with 10 nM of either of EGF, HB-EGF, TGF-alpha, or AR. RESULTS The mRNA of epiregulin was expressed in cultured HCECs and HCECs obtained from cadaveric eyes. Epiregulin was strongly detected in the limbal epithelium and basal epithelium of the peripheral cornea, but it was weakly detected in the central corneal epithelium. HCECs proliferated in the presence of epiregulin in a dose-dependent manner as detected by an increase in cell numbers or in BrdU incorporation. When HCECs were incubated with exogenous epiregulin, the expression of the mRNA of epiregulin was upregulated as detected by real-time PCR, and the phosphorylation of ErbB1 and ERK1/2 was upregulated in a dose-dependent manner as shown by western blot analysis. These upregulations were inhibited by AG1478, a specific inhibitor of EGFR kinase activity. Epiregulin increased the expression of HB-EGF and AR, while TGF-alpha, HB-EGF, AR, and EGF increased the expression of epiregulin in HCECs. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that epiregulin played an autocrine role in the proliferation of HCECs presumably through cross-induction with other EGF family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-ichi Morita
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ehime University School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan.
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Nagai H, Tokumaru S, Sayama K, Shirakata Y, Hanakawa Y, Hirakawa S, Dai X, Tohyama M, Yang L, Hashimoto K. Suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 negative regulation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 in platelet-derived growth factor-induced fibroblast migration. J Dermatol 2007; 34:523-30. [PMID: 17683382 DOI: 10.1111/j.1346-8138.2007.00325.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is involved in wound healing, but PDGF-induced fibroblast migration and the intracellular signaling mechanisms of fibroblast migration are poorly understood. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is involved in migration and is negatively regulated by the suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3). We studied the PDGF induction of fibroblast migration in vitro and the involvement of STAT3 and SOCS3. We found that PDGF activated STAT3 and strongly induced fibroblast migration. Transfection with a dominant-negative mutant of STAT3 almost completely abolished PDGF-induced fibroblast migration and STAT3 phosphorylation. Next, we studied the mechanisms that regulate fibroblast migration. PDGF enhanced the expression of SOCS3 by 2.8-fold at 1 h. Transfection with SOCS3 almost completely abolished PDGF-induced STAT3 phosphorylation and reduced fibroblast migration to 47% of control, indicating that SOCS3 acts as a negative regulator of PDGF-induced fibroblast migration. In conclusion, PDGF induces fibroblast migration under the control of STAT3-SOCS3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Nagai
- Department of Dermatology, Ehime University School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan.
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46
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Dai X, Sayama K, Shirakata Y, Hanakawa Y, Yamasaki K, Tokumaru S, Yang L, Wang X, Hirakawa S, Tohyama M, Yamauchi T, Takashi K, Kagechika H, Hashimoto K. STAT5a/PPARγ Pathway Regulates Involucrin Expression in Keratinocyte Differentiation. J Invest Dermatol 2007; 127:1728-35. [PMID: 17330131 DOI: 10.1038/sj.jid.5700758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs) are critical to growth factor-mediated intracellular signal transduction. We observed the rapid expression and activation of STAT5a during keratinocyte differentiation induced by suspension culture. STAT5a expression preceded that of involucrin, an important molecule in the terminal differentiation of keratinocytes. To determine whether STAT5a regulated involucrin expression, we expressed a dominant-negative (dn) STAT5a that blocks the dimerization of STAT5 and inhibits its nuclear translocation. We found that dn-STAT5a inhibited involucrin expression in keratinocytes. Given that STAT5 regulates adipogenesis via activating the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma signal, we hypothesized that STAT5a regulated involucrin expression in the same manner. To test this hypothesis, we examined the expression and transactivation of PPARgamma in a suspension culture of keratinocytes. Suspension culture induced PPARgamma expression and triggered PPARgamma transactivation rapidly and dn-STAT5a downregulated this induction and suppressed PPARgamma transactivation. Furthermore, preincubation with the PPARgamma/retinoid X-receptor inhibitor HX-531 or the introduction of a dn-PPARgamma prevented the activation of involucrin promoter and inhibited its induction. This report provides early evidence of a major role for STAT5a in the differentiation of keratinocytes, where it contributes to involucrin expression by activating the PPARgamma signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuju Dai
- Department of Dermatology, Ehime University School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
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Ehama R, Ishimatsu-Tsuji Y, Iriyama S, Ideta R, Soma T, Yano K, Kawasaki C, Suzuki S, Shirakata Y, Hashimoto K, Kishimoto J. Hair follicle regeneration using grafted rodent and human cells. J Invest Dermatol 2007; 127:2106-15. [PMID: 17429436 DOI: 10.1038/sj.jid.5700823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hair follicle regeneration involves epithelial-mesenchymal interactions (EMIs) of follicular epithelial and dermal papilla (DP) cells. Co-grafting of those cellular components from mice allows complete hair reconstitution. However, regeneration of human hair in a similar manner has not been reported. Here, we investigated the possibility of cell-based hair generation from human cells. We found that DP-enriched cells (DPE) are more critical than epidermal cells in murine hair reconstitution on a cell number basis, and that murine DPE are also competent for hair regeneration with rat epidermal cells. Co-grafting of human keratinocytes derived from neonatal foreskins with murine DPE produced hair follicle-like structures consisting of multiple epidermal cell layers with a well-keratinized innermost region. Those structures expressed hair follicle-specific markers including hair keratin, and markers expressed during developmental stages. However, the lack of regular hair structures indicates abnormal folliculogenesis. Similar hair follicle-like structures were also generated with cultured human keratinocytes after the first passage, or with keratinocytes derived from adult foreskins, demonstrating that epidermal cells even at a mature stage can differentiate in response to inductive signals from DP cells. This study emphasizes the importance of EMI in follicular generation and the differentiation potential of epidermal keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritsuko Ehama
- Life Science Research Center, Shiseido Research Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
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Shiraishi K, Yamasaki K, Nanba D, Inoue H, Hanakawa Y, Shirakata Y, Hashimoto K, Higashiyama S. Pre-B-cell leukemia transcription factor 1 is a major target of promyelocytic leukemia zinc-finger-mediated melanoma cell growth suppression. Oncogene 2007; 26:339-48. [PMID: 16862184 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1209800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2005] [Revised: 05/30/2006] [Accepted: 05/31/2006] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Promyelocytic leukemia zinc-finger (PLZF) is a transcriptional repressor and tumor suppressor. PLZF is expressed in melanocytes but not in melanoma cells, and recovery of PLZF expression markedly suppresses melanoma cell growth. Several target genes regulated by PLZF have been identified, but the precise function of PLZF remains uncertain. Here, we searched for candidate target genes of PLZF by DNA microarray analysis. Pre-B-cell leukemia transcription factor 1 (Pbx1) was one of the prominently suppressed genes. Pbx1 was highly expressed in melanoma cells, and its expression was reduced by transduction with the PLZF gene. Moreover, the growth suppression mediated by PLZF was reversed by enforced expression of Pbx1. Knockdown of Pbx1 by specific small interfering RNAs suppressed melanoma cell growth. We also found that Pbx1 binds HoxB7. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis demonstrated that repression of Pbx1 by PLZF reduces the expression of HoxB7 target genes, including tumor-associated neoangiogenesis factors such as basic fibroblast growth factor, angiopoietin-2 and matrix metalloprotease 9. These findings suggest that deregulation of Pbx1 expression owing to loss of PLZF expression contributes to the progression and/or pathogenesis of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Shiraishi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan
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Shirakata Y, Kishimoto J, Tokumaru S, Yamasaki K, Hanakawa Y, Tohyama M, Sayama K, Hashimoto K. Epiregulin, a member of the EGF family, is over-expressed in psoriatic epidermis. J Dermatol Sci 2007; 45:69-72. [PMID: 16996251 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2006.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2006] [Revised: 07/31/2006] [Accepted: 08/19/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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50
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Yang L, Shirakata Y, Shudou M, Dai X, Tokumaru S, Hirakawa S, Sayama K, Hamuro J, Hashimoto K. New skin-equivalent model from de-epithelialized amnion membrane. Cell Tissue Res 2006; 326:69-77. [PMID: 16758181 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-006-0208-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2005] [Accepted: 03/23/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The presence of pre-existing basement membrane (BM) components improves the morphogenesis of epidermis and BM in constructing a human living skin-equivalent (LSE). De-epithelialized amniotic membrane (AM) retains key BM components. We have therefore investigated the usefulness of AM for constructing LSE. De-epithelialized AM was overlaid on type I collagen gel embedded with fibroblasts. Normal human keratinocytes (NHKs) were then seeded onto the epithelial side of the AM to construct an AM-LSE. A conventional LSE was constructed by seeding NHKs on a fibroblast-populated type I collagen gel. When the keratinocytes reached confluence, the LSE was lifted to the air-liquid interface and cultured for up to 3 weeks. Samples were harvested at various times and investigated morphologically, immunohistochemically, and ultrastructurally. In AM-LSE, the epidermis was better stratified, with more compact, polarized, columnar basal cells, and the expression of differentiation and proliferation markers was more similar to that of normal human skin than was that of LSE without AM. A more continuous BM and better-developed hemidesmosomes were found in AM-LSE. The epidermis of AM-LSE outgrew much faster than that of LSE without AM. When transplanted onto nude mice, both LSEs took well; however, the AM-LSE graft showed better morphogenesis of the epidermis, BM, and hemidesmosomes. The better epidermal morphology and better-developed BM in AM-LSE in vitro and in vivo indicates its superiority over LSE without AM for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lujun Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Ehime University School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
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