1
|
Ohue-Kitano R, Banno Y, Masujima Y, Kimura I. Gut microbial metabolites reveal diet-dependent metabolic changes induced by nicotine administration. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1056. [PMID: 38212379 PMCID: PMC10784489 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51528-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota has emerged as an important factor that potentially influences various physiological functions and pathophysiological processes such as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Accumulating evidence from human and animal studies suggests that gut microbial metabolites play a critical role as integral molecules in host-microbe interactions. Notably, several dietary environment-dependent fatty acid metabolites have been recognized as potent modulators of host metabolic homeostasis. More recently, nicotine, the primary active molecule in tobacco, has been shown to potentially affect host metabolism through alterations in the gut microbiota and its metabolites. However, the mechanisms underlying the interplay between host nutritional status, diet-derived microbial metabolites, and metabolic homeostasis during nicotine exposure remain unclear. Our findings revealed that nicotine administration had potential effects on weight regulation and metabolic phenotype, independent of reduced caloric intake. Moreover, nicotine-induced body weight suppression is associated with specific changes in gut microbial composition, including Lactobacillus spp., and KetoB, a nicotine-sensitive gut microbiota metabolite, which could be linked to changes in host body weight, suggesting its potential role in modulating host metabolism. Our findings highlight the remarkable impact of the interplay between nutritional control and the gut environment on host metabolism during smoking and smoking cessation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryuji Ohue-Kitano
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Division of Systemic Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Division of Medicinal Frontier Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
- Center for Living Systems Information Science (CeLiSIS), Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Yukika Banno
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Division of Systemic Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yuki Masujima
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Division of Systemic Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Ikuo Kimura
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Division of Systemic Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Division of Medicinal Frontier Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ohue-Kitano R, Masujima Y, Nishikawa S, Iwasa M, Nishitani Y, Kawakami H, Kuwahara H, Kimura I. 3-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) propionic acid contributes to improved hepatic lipid metabolism via GPR41. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21246. [PMID: 38040866 PMCID: PMC10692101 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48525-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) propionic acid (HMPA) is a metabolite produced by the gut microbiota through the conversion of 4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic acid (HMCA), which is a widely distributed hydroxycinnamic acid-derived metabolite found abundantly in plants. Several beneficial effects of HMPA have been suggested, such as antidiabetic properties, anticancer activities, and cognitive function improvement, in animal models and human studies. However, the intricate molecular mechanisms underlying the bioaccessibility and bioavailability profile following HMPA intake and the substantial modulation of metabolic homeostasis by HMPA require further elucidation. In this study, we effectively identified and characterized HMPA-specific GPR41 receptor, with greater affinity than HMCA. The activation of this receptor plays a crucial role in the anti-obesity effects and improvement of hepatic steatosis by stimulating the lipid catabolism pathway. For the improvement of metabolic disorders, our results provide insights into the development of functional foods, including HMPA, and preventive pharmaceuticals targeting GPR41.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryuji Ohue-Kitano
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Yoshidakonoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
- Center for Living Systems Information Science (CeLiSIS), Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Yuki Masujima
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Yoshidakonoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Shota Nishikawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Masayo Iwasa
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Yoshidakonoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yosuke Nishitani
- Research Center, Maruzen Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Fukuyama, Hiroshima, 729-3102, Japan
| | - Hideaki Kawakami
- Research Center, Maruzen Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Fukuyama, Hiroshima, 729-3102, Japan
| | - Hiroshige Kuwahara
- Research Center, Maruzen Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Fukuyama, Hiroshima, 729-3102, Japan
| | - Ikuo Kimura
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Yoshidakonoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ohue-Kitano R, Nonaka H, Nishida A, Masujima Y, Takahashi D, Ikeda T, Uwamizu A, Tanaka M, Kohjima M, Igarashi M, Katoh H, Tanaka T, Inoue A, Suganami T, Hase K, Ogawa Y, Aoki J, Kimura I. Medium-chain fatty acids suppress lipotoxicity-induced hepatic fibrosis via the immunomodulating receptor GPR84. JCI Insight 2023; 8:165469. [PMID: 36480287 PMCID: PMC9977302 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.165469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs), which consist of medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs), are unique forms of dietary fat with various health benefits. G protein-coupled 84 (GPR84) acts as a receptor for MCFAs (especially C10:0 and C12:0); however, GPR84 is still considered an orphan receptor, and the nutritional signaling of endogenous and dietary MCFAs via GPR84 remains unclear. Here, we showed that endogenous MCFA-mediated GPR84 signaling protected hepatic functions from diet-induced lipotoxicity. Under high-fat diet (HFD) conditions, GPR84-deficient mice exhibited nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and the progression of hepatic fibrosis but not steatosis. With markedly increased hepatic MCFA levels under HFD, GPR84 suppressed lipotoxicity-induced macrophage overactivation. Thus, GPR84 is an immunomodulating receptor that suppresses excessive dietary fat intake-induced toxicity by sensing increases in MCFAs. Additionally, administering MCTs, MCFAs (C10:0 or C12:0, but not C8:0), or GPR84 agonists effectively improved NASH in mouse models. Therefore, exogenous GPR84 stimulation is a potential strategy for treating NASH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryuji Ohue-Kitano
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Biostudies and,Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hazuki Nonaka
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akari Nishida
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuki Masujima
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Biostudies and
| | - Daisuke Takahashi
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takako Ikeda
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Biostudies and,Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akiharu Uwamizu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miyako Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Metabolism, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Motoyuki Kohjima
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Miki Igarashi
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hironori Katoh
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Biostudies and,Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Sciences and Medical School, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Suganami
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Metabolism, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Koji Hase
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan.,International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo (IMSUT), Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ogawa
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Junken Aoki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ikuo Kimura
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Biostudies and,Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nonaka H, Ohue-Kitano R, Masujima Y, Igarashi M, Kimura I. Dietary Medium-Chain Triglyceride Decanoate Affects Glucose Homeostasis Through GPR84-Mediated GLP-1 Secretion in Mice. Front Nutr 2022; 9:848450. [PMID: 35399667 PMCID: PMC8987919 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.848450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dietary triglycerides are an important energy source; however, their excess intake causes metabolic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. Medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) as triglyceride forms of medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) are applied to meet the energy demands of athletes, the elderly, and people with stunted growth, because MCFAs are efficiently converted into energy for immediate utilization by the organs and do not accumulate as fat. Although the intake of each MCT type (octanoate; C8:0, decanoate; C10:0, and dodecanoate; C12:0) exhibits beneficial metabolic effects, individual functional differences remain unclear. Methods MCTs or MCFAs were administrated to male GPR84-deficient mice with a C57BL/6J background and mouse enteroendocrine cell line STC-1, and the effects on glucose homeostasis and gut hormone GLP-1 secretion were evaluated. Results C10:0 intake improves glucose metabolism through the MCFA receptor GPR84-mediated GLP-1 secretion. Each MCT intake showed resistance to obesity and improved metabolic parameters compared with lard intake. Moreover, oral administration of MCTs enhanced glucose tolerance, especially C10:0 administration, which sufficiently increased plasma GLP-1 levels. Additionally, C10:0 stimulation promoted GLP-1 secretion via GPR84 in STC-1, enhanced glucose tolerance through GPR84-mediated GLP-1 secretion, and showed resistance to high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity in mice. Conclusions Dietary MCT (C10:0) intake efficiently may protect against obesity and improve insulin resistance via GLP-1 secretion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hazuki Nonaka
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi, Japan
| | - Ryuji Ohue-Kitano
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuki Masujima
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Miki Igarashi
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi, Japan
| | - Ikuo Kimura
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi, Japan
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- *Correspondence: Ikuo Kimura
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Komatsu K, Sasaki N, Yoshida T, Suzuki K, Masujima Y, Hashimoto M, Watanabe S, Tochio N, Kigawa T, Yamaji Y, Oshima K, Namba S, Nelson RS, Arie T. Identification of a Proline-Kinked Amphipathic α-Helix Downstream from the Methyltransferase Domain of a Potexvirus Replicase and Its Role in Virus Replication and Perinuclear Complex Formation. J Virol 2021; 95:e0190620. [PMID: 34346768 PMCID: PMC8475525 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01906-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Characterized positive-strand RNA viruses replicate in association with intracellular membranes. Regarding viruses in the genus Potexvirus, the mechanism by which their RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (replicase) associates with membranes is understudied. Here, by membrane flotation analyses of the replicase of Plantago asiatica mosaic potexvirus (PlAMV), we identified a region in the methyltransferase (MET) domain as a membrane association determinant. An amphipathic α-helix was predicted downstream from the core region of the MET domain, and hydrophobic amino acid residues were conserved in the helical sequences in replicases of other potexviruses. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis confirmed the amphipathic α-helical configuration and unveiled a kink caused by a highly conserved proline residue in the α-helix. Substitution of this proline residue and other hydrophobic and charged residues in the amphipathic α-helix abolished PlAMV replication. Ectopic expression of a green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion with the entire MET domain resulted in the formation of a large perinuclear complex, where virus replicase and RNA colocated during virus infection. Except for the proline substitution, the amino acid substitutions in the α-helix that abolished virus replication also prevented the formation of the large perinuclear complex by the respective GFP-MET fusion. Small intracellular punctate structures were observed for all GFP-MET fusions, and in vitro high-molecular-weight complexes were formed by both replication-competent and -incompetent viral replicons and thus were not sufficient for replication competence. We discuss the roles of the potexvirus-specific, proline-kinked amphipathic helical structure in virus replication and intracellular large complex and punctate structure formation. IMPORTANCE RNA viruses characteristically associate with intracellular membranes during replication. Although virus replicases are assumed to possess membrane-targeting properties, their membrane association domains generally remain unidentified or poorly characterized. Here, we identified a proline-kinked amphipathic α-helix structure downstream from the methyltransferase core domain of PlAMV replicase as a membrane association determinant. This helical sequence, which includes the proline residue, was conserved among potexviruses and related viruses in the order Tymovirales. Substitution of the proline residue, but not the other residues necessary for replication, allowed formation of a large perinuclear complex within cells resembling those formed by PlAMV replicase and RNA during virus replication. Our results demonstrate the role of the amphipathic α-helix in PlAMV replicase in a perinuclear complex formation and virus replication and that perinuclear complex formation by the replicase alone will not necessarily indicate successful virus replication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ken Komatsu
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT), Fuchu, Japan
- Institute of Global Innovation Research (GIR), Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT), Fuchu, Japan
| | - Nobumitsu Sasaki
- Institute of Global Innovation Research (GIR), Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT), Fuchu, Japan
- Gene Research Center, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT), Fuchu, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Yoshida
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Suzuki
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT), Fuchu, Japan
| | - Yuki Masujima
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT), Fuchu, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Hashimoto
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoru Watanabe
- Laboratory for Cellular Structural Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Naoya Tochio
- Laboratory for Cellular Structural Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takanori Kigawa
- Laboratory for Cellular Structural Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Yamaji
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenro Oshima
- Faculty of Bioscience, Department of Clinical Plant Science, Hosei University, Koganei, Japan
| | - Shigetou Namba
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Richard S. Nelson
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Tsutomu Arie
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT), Fuchu, Japan
- Institute of Global Innovation Research (GIR), Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT), Fuchu, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Watanabe K, Yamano M, Masujima Y, Ohue-Kitano R, Kimura I. Curdlan intake changes gut microbial composition, short-chain fatty acid production, and bile acid transformation in mice. Biochem Biophys Rep 2021; 27:101095. [PMID: 34401531 PMCID: PMC8358642 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2021.101095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Indigestible polysaccharides, such as dietary fibers, benefit the host by improving the intestinal environment. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced by gut microbial fermentation from dietary fibers exert various physiological effects. The bacterial polysaccharide curdlan benefits the host intestinal environment, although its effect on energy metabolism and SCFA production remains unclear. Hence, this study aimed to elucidate the effect of curdlan intake on gut microbial profiles, SCFA production, and energy metabolism in a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mouse model. Gut microbial composition of fecal samples from curdlan-supplemented HFD-fed mice indicated an elevated abundance of Bacteroidetes, whereas a reduced abundance of Firmicutes was noted at the phylum level compared with that in cellulose-supplemented HFD-fed mice. Moreover, curdlan supplementation resulted in an abundance of the family Bacteroidales S24-7 and Erysipelotrichaceae, and a reduction in Deferribacteres in the feces. Furthermore, curdlan supplementation elevated fecal SCFA levels, particularly butyrate. Although body weight and fat mass were not affected by curdlan supplementation in HFD-induced obese mice, HFD-induced hyperglycemia was significantly suppressed with an increase in plasma insulin and incretin GLP-1 levels. Curdlan supplementation elevated fecal bile acid and SCFA production, improved host metabolic functions by altering the gut microbial composition in mice. Curdlan improves gut microbial composition in high-fat diet-fed (HFD) mice. The effects of HFD-induced hyperglycemia are mitigated by curdlan supplementation. Curdlan supplementation increases plasma insulin and GLP-1 levels. Curdlan increases fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and secondary bile acids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keita Watanabe
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Mayu Yamano
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshidakonoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yuki Masujima
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Ryuji Ohue-Kitano
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshidakonoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.,Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Ikuo Kimura
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.,Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshidakonoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.,Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.,AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 100-0004, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Shimizu H, Masujima Y, Ushiroda C, Mizushima R, Taira S, Ohue-Kitano R, Kimura I. Dietary short-chain fatty acid intake improves the hepatic metabolic condition via FFAR3. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16574. [PMID: 31719611 PMCID: PMC6851370 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53242-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fermented foods represent a significant portion of human diets with several beneficial effects. Foods produced by bacterial fermentation are enriched in short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which are functional products of dietary fibers via gut microbial fermentation. In addition to energy sources, SCFAs also act as signaling molecules via G-protein coupled receptors such as FFAR2 and FFAR3. Hence, dietary SCFAs in fermented foods may have a direct influence on metabolic functions. However, the detailed mechanism by dietary SCFAs remains unclear. Here, we show that dietary SCFAs protected against high-fat diet-induced obesity in mice in parallel with increased plasma SCFAs without changing cecal SCFA or gut microbial composition. Dietary SCFAs suppressed hepatic weight and lipid synthesis. These effects were abolished in FFAR3-deficient mice but not FFAR2-deficient. Thus, SCFAs supplementation improved hepatic metabolic functions via FFAR3 without influencing intestinal environment. These findings could help to promote the development of functional foods using SCFAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hidenori Shimizu
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
- AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 100-0004, Japan
- NOSTER Bio-Institute, Nitto Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd., Kamiueno, Muko, Kyoto, 617-0006, Japan
| | - Yuki Masujima
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Chihiro Ushiroda
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
- AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 100-0004, Japan
| | - Rina Mizushima
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Satsuki Taira
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Ryuji Ohue-Kitano
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
- AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 100-0004, Japan
| | - Ikuo Kimura
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.
- AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 100-0004, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|