1
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Sanz-Marco A, Saavedra B, Erbing E, Malmberg J, Johansson MJ, Martín-Matute B. Selective C-H Iodination of Weinreb Amides and Benzamides through Iridium Catalysis in Solution and under Mechanochemical Conditions. Org Lett 2024; 26:2800-2805. [PMID: 37931032 PMCID: PMC11019638 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
The acid mediated ortho-iodination of Weinreb amides using a readily available catalyst is described. The selective ortho-iodination of Weinreb amides, challenging substrates in directed C-H activations, and also of benzamides is achieved. The process works under mild conditions and tolerates air and moisture, having a great potential for industrial applications. The methodology can be applied under mechanochemical conditions maintaining the reaction outcome and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amparo Sanz-Marco
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm 10691, Sweden
| | - Beatriz Saavedra
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm 10691, Sweden
| | - Elis Erbing
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm 10691, Sweden
| | - Jesper Malmberg
- Medicinal
Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology
(R&I), Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg 43183, Sweden
| | - Magnus J. Johansson
- Medicinal
Chemistry, Research and Early Development; Cardiovascular, Renal and
Metabolism, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden
1, Mölndal, 43150 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Belén Martín-Matute
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm 10691, Sweden
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2
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Grinderslev JB, Häussermann U, Jensen TR, Faraone A, Nagao M, Karlsson M, Udovic TJ, Andersson MS. Reorientational Dynamics in Y(BH 4) 3· xNH 3 ( x = 0, 3, and 7): The Impact of NH 3 on BH 4- Dynamics. J Phys Chem C Nanomater Interfaces 2024; 128:4431-4439. [PMID: 38533240 PMCID: PMC10961835 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.4c00265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
The reorientational dynamics of Y(BH4)3·xNH3 (x = 0, 3, and 7) was studied using quasielastic neutron scattering (QENS) and neutron spin echo (NSE). The results showed that changing the number of NH3 ligands drastically alters the reorientational mobility of the BH4- anion. From the QENS experiments, it was determined that the BH4- anion performs 2-fold reorientations around the C2 axis in Y(BH4)3, 3-fold reorientations around the C3 axis in Y(BH4)3·3NH3, and either 2-fold reorientations around the C2 axis or 3-fold reorientations around the C3 axis in Y(BH4)3·7NH3. The relaxation time of the BH4- anion at 300 K decreases from 2 × 10-7 s for x = 0 to 1 × 10-12 s for x = 3 and to 7 × 10-13 s for x = 7. In addition to the reorientational dynamics of the BH4- anion, it was shown that the NH3 ligands exhibit 3-fold reorientations around the C3 axis in Y(BH4)3·3NH3 and Y(BH4)3·7NH3 as well as 3-fold quantum mechanical rotational tunneling around the same axis at 5 K. The new insights constitute a significant step toward understanding the relationship between the addition of ligands and the enhanced ionic conductivity observed in systems such as LiBH4·xNH3 and Mg(BH4)2·xCH3NH2.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. B. Grinderslev
- Interdisciplinary
Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus DK-8000, Denmark
| | - U. Häussermann
- Department
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - T. R. Jensen
- Interdisciplinary
Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus DK-8000, Denmark
| | - A. Faraone
- NIST Center
for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-6102, United
States
| | - M. Nagao
- NIST Center
for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-6102, United
States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742-2115, United States
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - M. Karlsson
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers
University of Technology, Göteborg SE-412 96, Sweden
| | - T. J. Udovic
- NIST Center
for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-6102, United
States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742-2115, United States
| | - M. S. Andersson
- Ångström
Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Uppsala
University, Box 538, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
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3
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Magson L, Hölzel H, Aslam AS, Henninger S, Munz G, Moth-Poulsen K, Knaebbeler-Buss M, Funes-Ardoiz I, Sampedro D. Synthesis and Characterization of Carbon-Based Heterogeneous Catalysts for Energy Release of Molecular Solar Thermal Energy Storage Materials. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024; 16:7211-7218. [PMID: 38301237 PMCID: PMC10875640 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c16855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Molecular solar thermal energy storage (MOST) systems are rapidly becoming a feasible alternative to energy storage and net-zero carbon emission heating. MOST systems involve a single photoisomerization pair that incorporates light absorption, storage, and heat release processes in one recurring cycle. Despite significant recent advancements in the field, the catalytic back-reaction from MOST systems remains relatively unexplored. A wide range of applications is possible, contingent on the energy densities of the specific photoisomers. Here, we report platinum-, copper-, and nickel-based heterogeneous catalysts screened in batch conditions for the back-conversion reaction on the cyano-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-norbornadiene/quadricyclane pair. Catalyst reactivities are investigated using structural characterization, imaging techniques, and spectroscopic analysis. Finally, the thermal stability is also explored for our best-performing catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucien Magson
- Instituto
de Investigación en Química de la Universidad de La
Rioja (IQUR), C/Madre de Dios 53, Logroño 26004, La Rioja
| | - Helen Hölzel
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers
University of Technology, Kemivagen 4, Gothenburg 412 96, Sweden
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica
de Catalunya, EEBE, Eduard
Maristany 10-14, Barcelona 08019, Spain
| | - Adil S. Aslam
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers
University of Technology, Kemivagen 4, Gothenburg 412 96, Sweden
| | - Stefan Henninger
- Heating
and Cooling Technologies, Fraunhofer Institute
for Solar Energy Systems (ISE), Heidenhofstr. 2, Freiburg 79110, Germany
| | - Gunther Munz
- Heating
and Cooling Technologies, Fraunhofer Institute
for Solar Energy Systems (ISE), Heidenhofstr. 2, Freiburg 79110, Germany
| | - Kasper Moth-Poulsen
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers
University of Technology, Kemivagen 4, Gothenburg 412 96, Sweden
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica
de Catalunya, EEBE, Eduard
Maristany 10-14, Barcelona 08019, Spain
- Catalan
Institution for Research & Advanced Studies, ICREA, Pg. Llúıs Companys
23, Barcelona 08010, Spain
- Institute
of Materials Science of Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Markus Knaebbeler-Buss
- Hydrogen
Technologies and Electrical Energy Storage, Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems (ISE), Heidenhofstr. 2, Freiburg 79110, Germany
| | - Ignacio Funes-Ardoiz
- Instituto
de Investigación en Química de la Universidad de La
Rioja (IQUR), C/Madre de Dios 53, Logroño 26004, La Rioja
| | - Diego Sampedro
- Instituto
de Investigación en Química de la Universidad de La
Rioja (IQUR), C/Madre de Dios 53, Logroño 26004, La Rioja
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4
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Zhou J, Dahlqvist M, Björk J, Rosen J. Atomic Scale Design of MXenes and Their Parent Materials─From Theoretical and Experimental Perspectives. Chem Rev 2023; 123:13291-13322. [PMID: 37976459 PMCID: PMC10722466 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
More than a decade after the discovery of MXene, there has been a remarkable increase in research on synthesis, characterization, and applications of this growing family of two-dimensional (2D) carbides and nitrides. Today, these materials include one, two, or more transition metals arranged in chemically ordered or disordered structures of three, five, seven, or nine atomic layers, with a surface chemistry characterized by surface terminations. By combining M, X, and various surface terminations, it appears that a virtually endless number of MXenes is possible. However, for the design and discovery of structures and compositions beyond current MXenes, one needs suitable (stable) precursors, an assessment of viable pathways for 3D to 2D conversion, and utilization or development of corresponding synthesis techniques. Here, we present a critical and forward-looking review of the field of atomic scale design and synthesis of MXenes and their parent materials. We discuss theoretical methods for predicting MXene precursors and for assessing whether they are chemically exfoliable. We also summarize current experimental methods for realizing the predicted materials, listing all verified MXenes to date, and outline research directions that will improve the fundamental understanding of MXene processing, enabling atomic scale design of future 2D materials, for emerging technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhou
- Materials Design Division,
Department of Physics, Chemistry, and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Martin Dahlqvist
- Materials Design Division,
Department of Physics, Chemistry, and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jonas Björk
- Materials Design Division,
Department of Physics, Chemistry, and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Johanna Rosen
- Materials Design Division,
Department of Physics, Chemistry, and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
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5
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Mitrovic D, Chen Y, Marciniak A, Delemotte L. Coevolution-Driven Method for Efficiently Simulating Conformational Changes in Proteins Reveals Molecular Details of Ligand Effects in the β2AR Receptor. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:9891-9904. [PMID: 37947090 PMCID: PMC10683026 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c04897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
With the advent of AI-powered structure prediction, the scientific community is inching closer to solving protein folding. An unresolved enigma, however, is to accurately, reliably, and deterministically predict alternative conformational states that are crucial for the function of, e.g., transporters, receptors, or ion channels where conformational cycling is innately coupled to protein function. Accurately discovering and exploring all conformational states of membrane proteins has been challenging due to the need to retain atomistic detail while enhancing the sampling along interesting degrees of freedom. The challenges include but are not limited to finding which degrees of freedom are relevant, how to accelerate the sampling along them, and then quantifying the populations of each micro- and macrostate. In this work, we present a methodology that finds relevant degrees of freedom by combining evolution and physics through machine learning and apply it to the conformational sampling of the β2 adrenergic receptor. In addition to predicting new conformations that are beyond the training set, we have computed free energy surfaces associated with the protein's conformational landscape. We then show that the methodology is able to quantitatively predict the effect of an array of ligands on the β2 adrenergic receptor activation through the discovery of new metastable states not present in the training set. Lastly, we also stake out the structural determinants of activation and inactivation pathway signaling through different ligands and compare them to functional experiments to validate our methodology and potentially gain further insights into the activation mechanism of the β2 adrenergic receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darko Mitrovic
- Department of Applied Physics,
Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute
of Technology, Sweden Tomtebodavägen 23, 171
65 Solna, Sweden
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Applied Physics,
Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute
of Technology, Sweden Tomtebodavägen 23, 171
65 Solna, Sweden
| | - Antoni Marciniak
- Department of Applied Physics,
Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute
of Technology, Sweden Tomtebodavägen 23, 171
65 Solna, Sweden
| | - Lucie Delemotte
- Department of Applied Physics,
Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute
of Technology, Sweden Tomtebodavägen 23, 171
65 Solna, Sweden
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6
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García-Fernández A, Kammlander B, Riva S, Kühn D, Svanström S, Rensmo H, Cappel UB. Interface Energy Alignment between Lead Halide Perovskite Single Crystals and TIPS-Pentacene. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:15412-15420. [PMID: 37712395 PMCID: PMC10523438 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c01482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
At present, there is a huge development in optoelectronic applications using lead halide perovskites. Considering that device performance is largely governed by the transport of charges across interfaces and, therefore, the interfacial electronic structure, fundamental investigations of perovskite interfaces are highly necessary. In this study, we use high-resolution soft X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy based on synchrotron radiation to explore the interfacial energetics for the molecular layer of TIPS-pentacene and lead halide perovskite single crystals. We perform ultrahigh vacuum studies on multiple thicknesses of an in situ formed interface of TIPS-pentacene with four different in situ cleaved perovskite single crystals (MAPbI3, MAPbBr3, FAPbBr3, and CsxFA1-xPbBryI3-y). Our findings reveal a substantial shift of the TIPS-pentacene energy levels toward higher binding energies with increasing thickness, while the perovskite energy levels remain largely unaffected regardless of their composition. These shifts can be interpreted as band bending in the TIPS-pentacene, and such effects should be considered when assessing the energy alignment at perovskite/organic transport material interfaces. Furthermore, we were able to follow a reorganization on the MAPbI3 surface with the transformation of the surface C 1s into bulk C 1s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto García-Fernández
- Division
of Applied Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, KTH − Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm100 44, Sweden
| | - Birgit Kammlander
- Division
of Applied Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, KTH − Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm100 44, Sweden
| | - Stefania Riva
- Division
of X-ray Photon Science, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516,Uppsala751 20, Sweden
| | - Danilo Kühn
- Institute
Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research PSISRR, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und
Energie, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, Berlin 12489, Germany
| | - Sebastian Svanström
- Division
of X-ray Photon Science, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516,Uppsala751 20, Sweden
| | - Håkan Rensmo
- Division
of X-ray Photon Science, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516,Uppsala751 20, Sweden
| | - Ute B. Cappel
- Division
of Applied Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, KTH − Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm100 44, Sweden
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7
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Svanström S, García Fernández A, Sloboda T, Jacobsson TJ, Zhang F, Johansson FOL, Kühn D, Céolin D, Rueff JP, Sun L, Aitola K, Rensmo H, Cappel UB. Direct Measurements of Interfacial Photovoltage and Band Alignment in Perovskite Solar Cells Using Hard X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:12485-12494. [PMID: 36847773 PMCID: PMC9999345 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c17527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A heterojunction is the key junction for charge extraction in many thin film solar cell technologies. However, the structure and band alignment of the heterojunction in the operating device are often difficult to predict from calculations and, due to the complexity and narrow thickness of the interface, are difficult to measure directly. In this study, we demonstrate a technique for direct measurement of the band alignment and interfacial electric field variations of a fully functional lead halide perovskite solar cell structure under operating conditions using hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES). We describe the design considerations required in both the solar cell devices and the measurement setup and show results for the perovskite, hole transport, and gold layers at the back contact of the solar cell. For the investigated design, the HAXPES measurements suggest that 70% of the photovoltage was generated at this back contact, distributed rather equally between the hole transport material/gold interface and the perovskite/hole transport material interface. In addition, we were also able to reconstruct the band alignment at the back contact at equilibrium in the dark and at open circuit under illumination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Svanström
- Condensed Matter Physics of Energy
Materials, Division of X-ray Photon Science, Department of Physics
and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alberto García Fernández
- Division
of Applied Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tamara Sloboda
- Division
of Applied Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - T. Jesper Jacobsson
- Institute
of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology, Key Laboratory
of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology of Tianjin, College
of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 300350 Tianjin, China
| | - Fuguo Zhang
- Division
of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fredrik O. L. Johansson
- Institute
for Methods and Instrumentation in Synchrotron Radiation Research
FG-ISRR, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Berlin für Materialien und Energie Albert-Einstein-Strasse
15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Institut
für Physik und Astronomie, Universität
Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse
24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Danilo Kühn
- Institute
for Methods and Instrumentation in Synchrotron Radiation Research
FG-ISRR, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Berlin für Materialien und Energie Albert-Einstein-Strasse
15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Denis Céolin
- Synchrotron
SOLEIL, L′Orme des Merisiers, BP 48 St Aubin, 91192 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Jean-Pascal Rueff
- Synchrotron
SOLEIL, L′Orme des Merisiers, BP 48 St Aubin, 91192 Gif sur Yvette, France
- Laboratoire
de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Licheng Sun
- Division
of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Institute of Artificial Photosynthesis,
DUT−KTH Joint Education and Research Centre on Molecular Devices, Dalian University of Technology (DUT), 116024 Dalian, China
- Center
of Artificial Photosynthesis for Solar Fuels, School of Science, Westlake University, 310024 Hangzhou, China
| | - Kerttu Aitola
- New Energy Technologies Group, Department
of Applied Physics, Aalto University School
of Science, Box 15100, 00076 AALTO, Finland
| | - Håkan Rensmo
- Condensed Matter Physics of Energy
Materials, Division of X-ray Photon Science, Department of Physics
and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ute B. Cappel
- Division
of Applied Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
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8
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Maklar J, Stühler R, Dendzik M, Pincelli T, Dong S, Beaulieu S, Neef A, Li G, Wolf M, Ernstorfer R, Claessen R, Rettig L. Ultrafast Momentum-Resolved Hot Electron Dynamics in the Two-Dimensional Topological Insulator Bismuthene. Nano Lett 2022; 22:5420-5426. [PMID: 35709372 PMCID: PMC9284614 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c01462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional quantum spin Hall (QSH) insulators are a promising material class for spintronic applications based on topologically protected spin currents in their edges. Yet, they have not lived up to their technological potential, as experimental realizations are scarce and limited to cryogenic temperatures. These constraints have also severely restricted characterization of their dynamical properties. Here, we report on the electron dynamics of the novel room-temperature QSH candidate bismuthene after photoexcitation using time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. We map the transiently occupied conduction band and track the full relaxation pathway of hot photocarriers. Intriguingly, we observe photocarrier lifetimes much shorter than those in conventional semiconductors. This is ascribed to the presence of topological in-gap states already established by local probes. Indeed, we find spectral signatures consistent with these earlier findings. Demonstration of the large band gap and the view into photoelectron dynamics mark a critical step toward optical control of QSH functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Maklar
- Fritz-Haber-Institut
der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Raúl Stühler
- Physikalisches
Institut and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, University of Würzburg, D-97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Maciej Dendzik
- Fritz-Haber-Institut
der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tommaso Pincelli
- Fritz-Haber-Institut
der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Shuo Dong
- Fritz-Haber-Institut
der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Samuel Beaulieu
- Fritz-Haber-Institut
der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Neef
- Fritz-Haber-Institut
der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gang Li
- School
of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech
University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Martin Wolf
- Fritz-Haber-Institut
der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralph Ernstorfer
- Fritz-Haber-Institut
der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
- Institut
für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische
Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralph Claessen
- Physikalisches
Institut and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, University of Würzburg, D-97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Laurenz Rettig
- Fritz-Haber-Institut
der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
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9
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Ershadrad S, Ghosh S, Wang D, Kvashnin Y, Sanyal B. Unusual Magnetic Features in Two-Dimensional Fe 5GeTe 2 Induced by Structural Reconstructions. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:4877-4883. [PMID: 35617439 PMCID: PMC9189922 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c00692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Recent experiments on Fe5GeTe2 suggested the presence of a symmetry breaking of its conventional crystal structure. Here, using density functional theory calculations, we elucidate that the stabilization of the (√3 × √3)R30° supercell structure is caused by the swapping of Fe atoms occurring in the monolayer limit. The swapping to the vicinity of Te atoms is facilitated by the spontaneous occurrence of Fe vacancy and its low diffusion barrier. Our calculated magnetic exchange parameters show the simultaneous presence of ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic exchange among a particular type of Fe atom. The Fe sublattice projected magnetization obtained from Monte Carlo simulations clearly demonstrates an exotic temperature-dependent behavior of this Fe type along with a large canting angle at T = 0 K, indicating the presence of a complex noncollinear magnetic order. We propose that the low-temperature crystal structure results from the swapping between two sublattices of Fe, giving rise to peculiar magnetization obtained in experiments.
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