1
|
Perron C, Carme P, Rosell AL, Minnaert E, Ruiz-Demoulin S, Szczkowski H, Neukomm LJ, Dura JM, Boulanger A. Chemokine-like Orion is involved in the transformation of glial cells into phagocytes in different developmental neuronal remodeling paradigms. Development 2023; 150:dev201633. [PMID: 37767633 PMCID: PMC10565233 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
During animal development, neurons often form exuberant or inappropriate axons and dendrites at early stages, followed by the refinement of neuronal circuits at late stages. Neural circuit refinement leads to the production of neuronal debris in the form of neuronal cell corpses, fragmented axons and dendrites, and pruned synapses requiring disposal. Glial cells act as predominant phagocytes during neuronal remodeling and degeneration, and crucial signaling pathways between neurons and glia are necessary for the execution of phagocytosis. Chemokine-like mushroom body neuron-secreted Orion is essential for astrocyte infiltration into the γ axon bundle leading to γ axon pruning. Here, we show a role of Orion in debris engulfment and phagocytosis in Drosophila. Interestingly, Orion is involved in the overall transformation of astrocytes into phagocytes. In addition, analysis of several neuronal paradigms demonstrates the role of Orion in eliminating both peptidergic vCrz+ and PDF-Tri neurons via additional phagocytic glial cells like cortex and/or ensheathing glia. Our results suggest that Orion is essential for phagocytic activation of astrocytes, cortex and ensheathing glia, and point to Orion as a trigger of glial infiltration, engulfment and phagocytosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Pascal Carme
- IGH, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Arnau Llobet Rosell
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Eva Minnaert
- IGH, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Lukas Jakob Neukomm
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Grziwa S, Schäfer JH, Nicastro R, Arens A, De Virgilio C, Fröhlich F, Moeller A, Gao J, Langemeyer L, Ungermann C. Yck3 casein kinase-mediated phosphorylation determines Ivy1 localization and function at endosomes and vacuole. J Cell Sci 2023:312552. [PMID: 37259913 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The casein kinase Yck3 is a central regulator at the vacuole that phosphorylates several proteins involved in membrane trafficking. Here, we set out to identify novel substrates. We localized endogenously tagged Yck3 not only at the vacuole, but also on endosomes. To disable Yck3 function, we generated a kinase-deficient mutant and thus identified the I-BAR-protein Ivy1 as a novel Yck3 substrate. Ivy1 localizes to both endosomes and vacuoles, and Yck3 controls this localization. A phosphomimetic Ivy1-SD mutant was found primarily on vacuoles, its non-phosphorylatable SA variant strongly localized to endosomes, similar to what is observed upon deletion of Yck3. In vitro analysis revealed that Yck3-mediated phosphorylation strongly promoted Ivy1 recruitment to liposomes carrying Rab7-like Ypt7. Modelling of Ivy1 with Ypt7 identified binding sites for Ypt7 and a positively charged patch, which are both required for Ivy1 localization. Strikingly, Ivy1 mutations in either site resulted in more cells with multilobed vacuoles, suggesting a partial defect in its membrane biogenesis. Our data thus indicate that Yck3-mediated phosphorylation controls both localization and function of Ivy1 in endolysosomal biogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Grziwa
- Osnabrück University, Department of Biology/Chemistry, Biochemistry section, Barbarastrasse 13, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Jan-Hannes Schäfer
- Osnabrück University, Department of Biology/Chemistry, Structural Biology, Barbarastrasse 13, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Raffaele Nicastro
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Annabel Arens
- Osnabrück University, Department of Biology/Chemistry, Biochemistry section, Barbarastrasse 13, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Claudio De Virgilio
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Florian Fröhlich
- Osnabrück University, Department of Biology/Chemistry, Molecular Membrane Biology, Barbarastrasse 13, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
- Osnabrück University, Center of Cellular Nanoanalytic Osnabrück (CellNanOs), Barbarastrasse 11, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Arne Moeller
- Osnabrück University, Department of Biology/Chemistry, Structural Biology, Barbarastrasse 13, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
- Osnabrück University, Center of Cellular Nanoanalytic Osnabrück (CellNanOs), Barbarastrasse 11, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Jieqiong Gao
- Osnabrück University, Department of Biology/Chemistry, Biochemistry section, Barbarastrasse 13, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Lars Langemeyer
- Osnabrück University, Department of Biology/Chemistry, Biochemistry section, Barbarastrasse 13, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
- Osnabrück University, Center of Cellular Nanoanalytic Osnabrück (CellNanOs), Barbarastrasse 11, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Christian Ungermann
- Osnabrück University, Department of Biology/Chemistry, Biochemistry section, Barbarastrasse 13, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
- Osnabrück University, Center of Cellular Nanoanalytic Osnabrück (CellNanOs), Barbarastrasse 11, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Asfour H, Hirsinger E, Rouco R, Zarrouki F, Hayashi S, Swist S, Braun T, Patel K, Relaix F, Andrey G, Stricker S, Duprez D, Stantzou A, Amthor H. Inhibitory SMAD6 interferes with BMP dependent generation of muscle progenitor cells and perturbs proximodistal pattern of murine limb muscles. Development 2023:310501. [PMID: 37218515 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism of pattern formation during limb muscle development remains poorly understood. The canonical view holds that naïve limb muscle progenitor cells (MPCs) invade a pre-established pattern of muscle connective tissue, thereby forming individual muscles. Here we show that early murine embryonic limb MPCs highly accumulate pSMAD1/5/9, demonstrating active signaling of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) in these cells. Overexpression of inhibitory SMAD6 in limb MPCs abrogated BMP signaling, impaired their migration and proliferation, and accelerated myogenic lineage progression. Fewer primary myofibers developed, causing an aberrant proximodistal muscle pattern. Patterning was not disturbed when SMAD6 was overexpressed in differentiated muscle, implying that the proximodistal muscle pattern depends on BMP-mediated expansion of MPCs prior to their differentiation. We show that limb MPCs differentially express Hox genes, and Hox-expressing MPCs displayed active BMP signaling. SMAD6 overexpression caused loss of HOXA11 in early limb MPCs. In conclusion, our data show that BMP signaling controls expansion of embryonic limb MPC as a prerequisite for establishing the proximodistal muscle pattern, a process that involves expression of Hox genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Asfour
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, END-ICAP, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Estelle Hirsinger
- Sorbonne Université, Institut Biologie Paris Seine, CNRS UMR7622, Developmental Biology Laboratory, Inserm U1156, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Raquel Rouco
- University of Geneva, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Faouzi Zarrouki
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, END-ICAP, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Shinichiro Hayashi
- National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), National Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Neuromuscular Research, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan
| | - Sandra Swist
- Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Braun
- Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Ketan Patel
- University of Reading, School of Biological Sciences, Reading RG6 6AH, UK
| | - Frédéric Relaix
- Université Paris Est Créteil, INSERM, EnvA, EFS, AP-HP, IMRB, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Guillaume Andrey
- University of Geneva, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Sigmar Stricker
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Delphine Duprez
- Sorbonne Université, Institut Biologie Paris Seine, CNRS UMR7622, Developmental Biology Laboratory, Inserm U1156, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Amalia Stantzou
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, END-ICAP, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Helge Amthor
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, END-ICAP, 78000 Versailles, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, Service de Pédiatrie, 92380 Garches, France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Adelmann JA, Vetter R, Iber D. Impact of cell size on morphogen gradient precision. Development 2023; 150:310824. [PMID: 37166244 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Tissue patterning during embryonic development is remarkably precise. In this paper, we numerically determine the impact of the cell diameter, gradient length, and the morphogen source on the variability of morphogen gradients. In this way, we show that the positional error increases with the gradient length relative to the size of the morphogen source, and with the square root of the cell diameter and the readout position. We provide theoretical explanations for these relationships, and show thatthey enable high patterning precision over developmental time for readouts that scale with expanding tissue domains, as observed in the Drosophila wing disc. Our analysis suggests that epithelial tissues generally achieve higher patterning precision with small cross-sectional cell areas. An extensive survey of measured apical cell areas shows that they are indeed small in developing tissues that are patterned by morphogen gradients. Enhanced precision may thus have led to the emergence of pseudostratification in epithelia, a phenomenon for which the evolutionary benefit had so far remained elusive.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan A Adelmann
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Roman Vetter
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dagmar Iber
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang WA, Carreras-Sureda A, Demaurex N. SARS-CoV-2 infection alkalinizes the ERGIC and lysosomes through the viroporin activity of the viral envelope protein. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:287109. [PMID: 36807531 PMCID: PMC10112968 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, the agent of the deadly COVID-19 pandemic, is an enveloped virus propagating within the endocytic and secretory organelles of host mammalian cells. Enveloped viruses modify the ionic homeostasis of organelles to render their intra-luminal milieu permissive for viral entry, replication and egress. Here, we show that infection of Vero E6 cells with the delta variant of the SARS-CoV-2 alkalinizes the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) as well as lysosomes, mimicking the effect of inhibitors of vacuolar proton ATPases. We further show the envelope protein of SARS-CoV-2 accumulates in the ERGIC when expressed in mammalian cells and selectively dissipates the ERGIC pH. This viroporin action is prevented by mutations of Val25 but not Asn15 within the channel pore of the envelope (E) protein. We conclude that the envelope protein acts as a proton channel in the ERGIC to mitigate the acidity of this intermediate compartment. The altered pH homeostasis of the ERGIC likely contributes to the virus fitness and pathogenicity, making the E channel an attractive drug target for the treatment of COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-An Wang
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Amado Carreras-Sureda
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Demaurex
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|