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Vanhoye X, Bardel C, Rimbert A, Moulin P, Rollat-Farnier PA, Muntaner M, Marmontel O, Dumont S, Charrière S, Cornélis F, Ducluzeau PH, Fonteille A, Nobecourt E, Peretti N, Schillo F, Wargny M, Cariou B, Meirhaeghe A, Di Filippo M. A new 165-SNP low-density lipoprotein cholesterol polygenic risk score based on next generation sequencing outperforms previously published scores in routine diagnostics of familial hypercholesterolemia. Transl Res 2022; 255:119-127. [PMID: 36528340 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2022.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Genetic diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) remains unexplained in 30 to 70% of patients after exclusion of monogenic disease. There is now a growing evidence that a polygenic burden significantly modulates LDL-cholesterol (LDL-c) concentrations. Several LDL-c polygenic risk scores (PRS) have been set up. However, the balance between their diagnosis performance and their practical use in routine practice is not clearly established. Consequently, we set up new PRS based on our routine panel for sequencing and compared their diagnostic performance with previously-published PRS. After a meta-analysis, four new PRS including 165 to 1633 SNP were setup using different softwares. They were established using two French control cohorts (MONA LISA n=1082 and FranceGenRef n=856). Then the explained LDL-c variance and the ability of each PRS to discriminate monogenic negative FH patients (M-) versus healthy controls were compared with 4 previously-described PRS in 785 unrelated FH patients. Between all PRS, the 165-SNP PRS developed with PLINK showed the best LDL-c explained variance (adjusted R²=0.19) and the best diagnosis abilities (AUROC=0.77, 95%CI=0.74-0.79): it significantly outperformed all the previously-published PRS (p<1 × 10-4). By using a cut-off at the 75th percentile, 61% of M- patients exhibited a polygenic hypercholesterolemia with the 165-SNP PRS versus 48% with the previously published 12-SNP PRS (p =3.3 × 10-6). These results were replicated using the UK biobank. This new 165-SNP PRS, usable in routine diagnosis, exhibits better diagnosis abilities for a polygenic hypercholesterolemia diagnosis. It would be a valuable tool to optimize referral for whole genome sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Vanhoye
- Service de Biochimie et de Biologie Moléculaire, Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale MultiSites, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Claire Bardel
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive UMR 5558, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Villeurbanne, France; Plateforme de séquençage NGS HCL, Cellule bio-informatique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Antoine Rimbert
- Institut du thorax, Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, Inserm, Nantes, France
| | - Philippe Moulin
- Fédération d'endocrinologie, maladies métaboliques, diabète et nutrition, Hôpital Louis Pradel, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; Laboratoire CarMen, INSERM U1060, INRAE U1397, Oullins, France
| | | | - Manon Muntaner
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liées au vieillissement, Univ. Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Lille, Lille, France
| | - Oriane Marmontel
- Service de Biochimie et de Biologie Moléculaire, Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale MultiSites, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France; Laboratoire CarMen, INSERM U1060, INRAE U1397, Oullins, France
| | - Sabrina Dumont
- Service de Biochimie et de Biologie Moléculaire, Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale MultiSites, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Sybil Charrière
- Fédération d'endocrinologie, maladies métaboliques, diabète et nutrition, Hôpital Louis Pradel, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; Laboratoire CarMen, INSERM U1060, INRAE U1397, Oullins, France
| | - François Cornélis
- Génétique - Oncogénétique Adulte - Prévention, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire et Université Clermont-Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Pierre Henri Ducluzeau
- Unité d'endocrinologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Bretonneau, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Annie Fonteille
- Infectiologie, Médecine Interne, Médecine des voyages, Centre Hospitalier d'Annecy Genevois, Epagny Metz-Tessy, Annecy, France
| | - Estelle Nobecourt
- Service d'Endocrinologie, Diabète et Nutrition et Centre d'Investigation Clinique - Epidémiologie Clinique (CIC-EC) U1410 INSERM, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de la Réunion, Saint-Pierre, La Réunion, France
| | - Noël Peretti
- Laboratoire CarMen, INSERM U1060, INRAE U1397, Oullins, France; Service de Gastroentérologie Hépatologie et Nutrition Pédiatrique, GHE, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Franck Schillo
- Service de Diabétologie-Endocrinologie-Nutrition, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Jean Minjoz Besançon France
| | - Matthieu Wargny
- Institut du thorax, Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, Inserm, Nantes, France
| | - Bertrand Cariou
- Institut du thorax, Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, Inserm, Nantes, France
| | - Aline Meirhaeghe
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liées au vieillissement, Univ. Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Lille, Lille, France
| | - Mathilde Di Filippo
- Service de Biochimie et de Biologie Moléculaire, Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale MultiSites, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France; Laboratoire CarMen, INSERM U1060, INRAE U1397, Oullins, France.
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Porter T, Sim M, Prince RL, Schousboe JT, Bondonno C, Lim WH, Zhu K, Kiel DP, Hodgson JM, Laws SM, Lewis JR. Abdominal aortic calcification on lateral spine images captured during bone density testing and late-life dementia risk in older women: A prospective cohort study. Lancet Reg Health West Pac 2022; 26:100502. [PMID: 36213133 PMCID: PMC9535408 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2022.100502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dementia after the age of 80 years (late-life) is increasingly common due to vascular and non-vascular risk factors. Identifying individuals at higher risk of late-life dementia remains a global priority. METHODS In prospective study of 958 ambulant community-dwelling older women (≥70 years), lateral spine images (LSI) captured in 1998 (baseline) from a bone density machine were used to assess abdominal aortic calcification (AAC). AAC was classified into established categories (low, moderate and extensive). Cardiovascular risk factors and apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotyping were evaluated. Incident 14.5-year late-life dementia was identified from linked hospital and mortality records. FINDINGS At baseline women were 75.0 ± 2.6 years, 44.7% had low AAC, 36.4% had moderate AAC and 18.9% had extensive AAC. Over 14.5- years, 150 (15.7%) women had a late-life dementia hospitalisation (n = 132) and/or death (n = 58). Compared to those with low AAC, women with moderate and extensive AAC were more likely to suffer late-life dementia hospitalisations (9.3%, 15.5%, 18.3%, respectively) and deaths (2.8%, 8.3%, 9.4%, respectively). After adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors and APOE, women with moderate and extensive AAC had twice the relative hazards of late-life dementia (moderate, aHR 2.03 95%CI 1.38-2.97; extensive, aHR 2.10 95%CI 1.33-3.32), compared to women with low AAC. INTERPRETATION In community-dwelling older women, those with more advanced AAC had higher risk of late-life dementia, independent of cardiovascular risk factors and APOE genotype. Given the widespread use of bone density testing, simultaneously capturing AAC information may be a novel, non-invasive, scalable approach to identify older women at risk of late-life dementia. FUNDING Kidney Health Australia, Healthway Health Promotion Foundation of Western Australia, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital Research Advisory Committee Grant, National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia.
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Key Words
- AAC, abdominal aortic calcification
- AAC24, abdominal aortic calcification 24 scale scores
- AD, Alzheimer's disease
- APOE, apolipoprotein E
- ASVD, atherosclerotic vascular disease
- AUC, area under the curve
- Aging
- CAC, coronary artery calcification
- CVD, cardiovascular disease
- DXA, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry
- Dementia
- Epidemiology
- FRS, Framingham General Cardiovascular Risk Scores
- IDI, integrated discrimination improvement
- Imaging
- LSI, lateral spine imaging
- NRI, net reclassification improvement
- ROC, receiver operator characteristics
- Vascular disease
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Affiliation(s)
- Tenielle Porter
- Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- Collaborative Genomics and Translation Group, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Marc Sim
- Nutrition & Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Richard L. Prince
- Nutrition & Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - John T. Schousboe
- Park Nicollet Clinic and HealthPartners Institute, HealthPartners, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Division of Health Policy and Management, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Catherine Bondonno
- Nutrition & Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Wai H. Lim
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- Department of Renal Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Kun Zhu
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Douglas P. Kiel
- Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Department of Medicine Beth, Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jonathan M. Hodgson
- Nutrition & Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Simon M. Laws
- Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- Collaborative Genomics and Translation Group, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Joshua R. Lewis
- Nutrition & Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- Centre for Kidney Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead, School of Public Health, Sydney Medical School, the University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Chen X, Liu Z, Sachdev PS, Kochan NA, Brodaty H, O'Leary F. Association of adherence to the Australian Dietary Guidelines with cognitive performance and cognitive decline in the Sydney Memory and Ageing Study: a longitudinal analysis. J Nutr Sci 2021; 10:e86. [PMID: 34733498 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2021.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated associations of adherence to the Australian Dietary Guidelines (ADG) with cognitive performance and cognitive decline over 6 years. We used longitudinal data from the Sydney Memory and Aging Study comprising 1037 community-dwelling non-demented participants aged 70–90 years. Dietary intake was assessed at baseline using the Dietary Questionnaire for Epidemiological Studies Version 2. Adherence to the ADG was scored using the Dietary Guideline Index 2013 (DGI-2013). Cognition was assessed using neuropsychological tests in six cognitive domains and global cognition at baseline and 2, 4 and 6 years later. Linear mixed models analysed the association between adherence to the ADG and cognitive function and cognitive decline over 6 years. Results indicated that overall adherence to the ADG was suboptimal (DGI-2013 mean score 43⋅8 with a standard deviation of 10⋅1; median score 44, range 12–73 with an interquartile range of 7). The percent of participants attaining recommended serves for the five food groups were 30⋅2 % for fruits, 11⋅2 % for vegetables, 54⋅6 % for cereals, 28⋅9 % for meat and alternatives and 2⋅1 % for dairy consumption. Adherence to the ADG was not associated with overall global cognition over 6 years (β = 0⋅000; 95 % CI: −0⋅007, 0⋅007; P = 0⋅95). Neither were DGI-2013 scores associated with change in global cognitive performance over 6 years (β = 0⋅002; 95 % CI: −0⋅002, 0⋅005; P = 0⋅41) nor in any individual cognitive domains. In conclusion, adherence to the ADG was not associated with cognitive health over time in this longitudinal analysis of older Australians. Future research is needed to provide evidence to support specific dietary guidelines for neurocognitive health among Australian older adults.
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Key Words
- ADG, Australian Dietary Guidelines
- APOE, apolipoprotein E
- Cognitive health
- DASH, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension
- DGI-2013, Dietary Guideline Index
- DQES v2, Dietary Questionnaire for Epidemiological Studies Version 2
- Diet quality
- Dietary Guide Index
- Food consumption
- HEI, Healthy Eating Index
- MAS, Memory and Ageing Study
- MIND, Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay
- NESB, non-English-speaking background
- Nutrition epidemiology
- WHO, World Health Organization
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Li C, Sun T, Jiang C. Recent advances in nanomedicines for the treatment of ischemic stroke. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:1767-1788. [PMID: 34386320 PMCID: PMC8343119 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a cerebrovascular disease normally caused by interrupted blood supply to the brain. Ischemia would initiate the cascade reaction consisted of multiple biochemical events in the damaged areas of the brain, where the ischemic cascade eventually leads to cell death and brain infarction. Extensive researches focusing on different stages of the cascade reaction have been conducted with the aim of curing ischemic stroke. However, traditional treatment methods based on antithrombotic therapy and neuroprotective therapy are greatly limited for their poor safety and treatment efficacy. Nanomedicine provides new possibilities for treating stroke as they could improve the pharmacokinetic behavior of drugs in vivo, achieve effective drug accumulation at the target site, enhance the therapeutic effect and meanwhile reduce the side effect. In this review, we comprehensively describe the pathophysiology of stroke, traditional treatment strategies and emerging nanomedicines, summarize the barriers and methods for transporting nanomedicine to the lesions, and illustrate the latest progress of nanomedicine in treating ischemic stroke, with a view to providing a new feasible path for the treatment of cerebral ischemia.
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Key Words
- AEPO, asialo-erythropoietin
- APOE, apolipoprotein E
- BBB, blood‒brain barrier
- BCECs, brain capillary endothelial cells
- Blood‒brain barrier
- CAT, catalase
- COX-1, cyclooxygenase-1
- CXCR-4, C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4
- Ce-NPs, ceria nanoparticles
- CsA, cyclosporine A
- DAMPs, damage-associated molecular patterns
- GFs, growth factors
- GPIIb/IIIa, glycoprotein IIb/IIIa
- HMGB1, high mobility group protein B1
- Hb, hemoglobin
- ICAM-1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1
- IL-1β, interleukin-1β
- IL-6, interleukin-6
- Ischemic cascade
- LFA-1, lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1
- LHb, liposomal Hb
- MCAO, middle cerebral artery occlusion
- MMPs, matrix metalloproteinases
- MSC, mesenchymal stem cell
- NF-κB, nuclear factor-κB
- NGF, nerve growth factor
- NMDAR, N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor
- NOS, nitric oxide synthase
- NPs, nanoparticles
- NSCs, neural stem cells
- Nanomedicine
- Neuroprotectant
- PBCA, poly-butylcyanoacrylate
- PCMS, poly (chloromethylstyrene)
- PEG, poly-ethylene-glycol
- PEG-PLA, poly (ethylene-glycol)-b-poly (lactide)
- PLGA NPs, poly (l-lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles
- PSD-95, postsynaptic density protein-95
- PSGL-1, P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1
- RBCs, red blood cells
- RES, reticuloendothelial system
- RGD, Arg-Gly-Asp
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- Reperfusion
- SDF-1, stromal cell-derived factor-1
- SHp, stroke homing peptide
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- SUR1-TRPM4, sulfonylurea receptor 1-transient receptor potential melastatin-4
- Stroke
- TEMPO, 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl
- TIA, transient ischemic attack
- TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α
- Thrombolytics
- cRGD, cyclic Arg-Gly-Asp
- e-PAM-R, arginine-poly-amidoamine ester
- iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase
- miRNAs, microRNAs
- nNOS, neuron nitric oxide synthase
- siRNA, small interfering RNA
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Itaba N, Noda I, Oka H, Kono Y, Okinaka K, Yokobata T, Okazaki S, Morimoto M, Shiota G. Hepatic cell sheets engineered from human mesenchymal stem cells with a single small molecule compound IC-2 ameliorate acute liver injury in mice. Regen Ther 2018; 9:45-57. [PMID: 30525075 PMCID: PMC6222293 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We previously reported that transplantation of hepatic cell sheets from human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) with hexachlorophene, a Wnt/β-catenin signaling inhibitor, ameliorated acute liver injury. In a further previous report, we identified IC-2, a newly synthesized derivative of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling inhibitor ICG-001, as a potent inducer of hepatic differentiation of BM-MSCs. METHODS We manufactured hepatic cell sheets by engineering from human BM-MSCs using the single small molecule IC-2. The therapeutic potential of IC-2-induced hepatic cell sheets was assessed by transplantation of IC-2- and hexachlorophene-treated hepatic cell sheets using a mouse model of acute liver injury. RESULTS Significant improvement of liver injury was elicited by the IC-2-treated hepatic cell sheets. The expression of complement C3 was enhanced by IC-2, followed by prominent hepatocyte proliferation stimulated through the activation of NF-κB and its downstream molecule STAT-3. Indeed, IC-2 also enhanced the expression of amphiregulin, resulting in the activation of the EGFR pathway and further stimulation of hepatocyte proliferation. As another important therapeutic mechanism, we revealed prominent reduction of oxidative stress mediated through upregulation of the thioredoxin (TRX) system by IC-2-treated hepatic cell sheets. The effects mediated by IC-2-treated sheets were superior compared with those mediated by hexachlorophene-treated sheets. CONCLUSION The single compound IC-2 induced hepatic cell sheets that possess potent regeneration capacity and ameliorate acute liver injury.
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Key Words
- 8-OHdG, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine
- A1AT, α1-antitrypsin
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- APOE, apolipoprotein E
- AREG, amphiregulin
- AST, aspartate aminotransferase
- Acute liver failure
- BM-MSCs, bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells
- C3, complement C3
- C4A, complement C4A
- C5aR, complement C5a receptor
- CBP, CREB-binding protein
- CCl4, carbon tetrachloride
- CP, ceruloplasmin
- ChREBP, Carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein
- ChoREs, carbohydrate response elements
- DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide
- EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor
- ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase
- GPX, glutathione peroxidase
- GR, Glutathione reductase
- GRX, glutaredoxin
- GSH, glutathione
- HB-EGF, heparin binding-epidermal growth factor-like growth factor
- HGFR, hepatocyte growth factor receptor
- Hepatic cell sheets
- IL-1ra, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist
- IL-6, interleukin-6
- LXR, liver X receptor
- Liver regeneration
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- Mesenchymal stem cells
- NF-κB, nuclear factor-kappa B
- PCNA, proliferating cell nuclear antigen
- PRX, peroxiredoxin
- RBP4, retinol binding protein 4
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- STAT-3, Signal Tranducer and Activator of Transcription 3
- TF, transferrin
- TGFα, transforming growth factor alpha
- TNFα, tumor necrosis factor alpha
- TRX, thioredoxin
- TRXR, thioredoxin reductase
- Wnt/β-catenin signal inhibitor
- hGAPDH, human glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- mActb, mouse actin, beta
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Itaba
- Division of Molecular and Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
| | - Ikuya Noda
- Division of Molecular and Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Oka
- Research Initiative Center, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama, Tottori 680-8550, Japan
| | - Yohei Kono
- Division of Molecular and Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
| | - Kaori Okinaka
- Division of Molecular and Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Yokobata
- Division of Molecular and Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
| | - Shizuma Okazaki
- Division of Molecular and Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
| | - Minoru Morimoto
- Research Initiative Center, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama, Tottori 680-8550, Japan
| | - Goshi Shiota
- Division of Molecular and Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
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Shim J, Poulsen CB, Hagensen MK, Larsen T, Heegaard PM, Christoffersen C, Bolund L, Schmidt M, Liu Y, Li J, Li R, Callesen H, Bentzon JF, Sørensen CB. Apolipoprotein E Deficiency Increases Remnant Lipoproteins and Accelerates Progressive Atherosclerosis, But Not Xanthoma Formation, in Gene-Modified Minipigs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 2:591-600. [PMID: 30062172 PMCID: PMC6058916 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
APOE-deficient Yucatan minipigs were created by recombinant adeno-associated virus mediated gene targeting in porcine fibroblasts followed by somatic cell nuclear transfer. APOE−/− minipigs displayed increased plasma cholesterol and accumulation of APOB48-containing chylomicron remnants on low fat-diet, which was significantly accentuated upon feeding a high-fat, high-cholesterol diet. APOE−/− minipigs showed accelerated progressive atherosclerosis but not xanthoma formation indicating that remnant lipoproteinemia does not induce early lesions but is atherogenic in pre-existing atherosclerosis.
Deficiency of apolipoprotein E (APOE) causes familial dysbetalipoproteinemia in humans resulting in a higher risk of atherosclerotic disease. In mice, APOE deficiency results in a severe atherosclerosis phenotype, but it is unknown to what extent this is unique to mice. In this study, APOE was targeted in Yucatan minipigs. APOE−/− minipigs displayed increased plasma cholesterol and accumulation of apolipoprotein B-48–containing chylomicron remnants on low-fat diet, which was significantly accentuated upon feeding a high-fat, high-cholesterol diet. APOE−/− minipigs displayed accelerated progressive atherosclerosis but not xanthoma formation. This indicates that remnant lipoproteinemia does not induce early lesions but is atherogenic in pre-existing atherosclerosis.
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Key Words
- APOB, apolipoprotein B
- APOE, apolipoprotein E
- HFHC, high-fat high-cholesterol
- IDL, intermediate-density lipoprotein
- LAD, left anterior descending (coronary artery)
- LDL, low-density lipoprotein
- LDLR, low-density lipoprotein receptor
- LF, low-fat
- Neo, neomycin
- SMC, smooth muscle cell
- VLDL, very-low-density lipoprotein
- apolipoprotein E
- atherosclerosis
- cDNA, complementary DNA
- pig
- rAAV, recombinant adeno-associated virus
- remnant cholesterol dysbetalipoproteinemia
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Shim
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Christian Bo Poulsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mette K. Hagensen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Torben Larsen
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Peter M.H. Heegaard
- National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Lars Bolund
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mette Schmidt
- Section for Veterinary Reproduction and Obstetrics, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Henrik Callesen
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jacob F. Bentzon
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Address for correspondence: Dr. Jacob F. Bentzon, CNIC, C/Melchor Fernández Almagro, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Charlotte B. Sørensen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Dr. Charlotte B. Sørensen, Aarhus University, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark.
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Boraldi F, Costa S, Rabacchi C, Ciani M, Vanakker O, Quaglino D. Can APOE and MTHFR polymorphisms have an influence on the severity of cardiovascular manifestations in Italian Pseudoxanthoma elasticum affected patients? Mol Genet Metab Rep 2014; 1:477-482. [PMID: 27896127 PMCID: PMC5121367 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The clinical phenotype of Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) affected patients, although progressive with age, is very heterogeneous, even in the presence of identical ABCC6 mutations, thus suggesting the occurrence of modifier genes. Beside typical skin manifestations, the cardiovascular (CV) system, and especially the peripheral vasculature, is frequently and prematurely compromised. Methods and results A cohort of 119 Italian PXE patients has been characterized for apolipoprotein E (APOE) and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene polymorphisms by PCR. The severity of the clinical phenotype has been quantified according to the Phenodex PXE International score system. Statistical analysis (chi2 test, odd ratio, regression analysis, analysis of variance) were done by GraphPad. Data demonstrate that the frequency of APOE alleles is similar in PXE patients and in healthy subjects and that the allelic variant E2 confers a protection against the age-related increase of CV manifestations. By contrast, PXE patients are characterized by high frequency of the MTHFR-T677T polymorphism. With age, CV manifestations in T677T, but also in C677T, patients are more severe than those associated with the C677C genotype. Interestingly, compound heterozygosity for C677T and A1298C polymorphisms is present in 70% of PXE patients. Conclusions PXE patients may be screened for these polymorphisms in order to support clinicians for a better management of disease-associated CV complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Boraldi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Sonia Costa
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Claudio Rabacchi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Miriam Ciani
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Olivier Vanakker
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Daniela Quaglino
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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Adamczuk K, De Weer AS, Nelissen N, Chen K, Sleegers K, Bettens K, Van Broeckhoven C, Vandenbulcke M, Thiyyagura P, Dupont P, Van Laere K, Reiman EM, Vandenberghe R. Polymorphism of brain derived neurotrophic factor influences β amyloid load in cognitively intact apolipoprotein E ε4 carriers. Neuroimage Clin 2013; 2:512-20. [PMID: 24179803 PMCID: PMC3777754 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2013.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Revised: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Aside from apolipoprotein E (APOE), genetic risk factors for β amyloid deposition in cognitively intact individuals remain to be identified. Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) modulates neural plasticity, which has been implicated in Alzheimer's disease. We examined in cognitively normal older adults whether the BDNF codon 66 polymorphism affects β amyloid burden and the relationship between β amyloid burden and cognitive scores, and how this relates to the effect of APOE. Amyloid load was measured by means of 18F-flutemetamol PET in 64 community-recruited cognitively intact individuals (mean age 66, S.D. 5.1). Recruitment was stratified according to a factorial design with APOE (ε4 allele present vs absent) and BDNF (met allele at codon 66 present vs absent) as factors. Individuals in the four resulting cells were matched by the number of cases, age, and gender. Among the APOE ε4 carriers, BDNF met positive subjects had a significantly higher amyloid load than BDNF met negative subjects, while BDNF met carrier status did not have an effect in APOE ε4 noncarriers. This interaction effect was localized to precuneus, orbitofrontal cortex, gyrus rectus, and lateral prefrontal cortex. In the APOE ε4/BDNF met carriers, a significant inverse relationship existed between episodic memory scores and amyloid burden but not in any of the other groups. This hypothesis-generating experiment highlights a potential role of BDNF polymorphisms in the preclinical phase of β amyloid deposition and also suggests that BDNF codon 66 polymorphisms may influence resilience against β amyloid-related effects on cognition. Codon 66 BDNF polymorphisms have been associated with various cerebral effects. Community-recruited cognitively intact older adults underwent amyloid PET. Recruitment was stratified factorially with APOE and BDNF as factors. Aβ load in BDNF met carriers was higher but only in the presence of APOE ε4. Aβ load was associated with worse episodic memory but only in BDNF met/APOE ε4.
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Key Words
- AD, Alzheimer's disease
- APOE
- APOE, apolipoprotein E
- Alzheimer
- Amyloid PET
- BDNF
- BDNF, brain-derived neurotrophic factor
- Flutemetamol
- MRI, magnetic resonance imaging
- PET, positron emission tomography
- PVC, partial volume correction
- SUVR, standardized uptake value ratio
- SUVRcomp, SUVR in composite cortical volume of interest
- VOI, volume-of-interest
- met, methionine
- val, valine
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Adamczuk
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, University of Leuven, Belgium ; Alzheimer Research Centre KU Leuven, Leuven Institute for Neuroscience and Disease, Belgium
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