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Whitney DG, Devlin MJ, Alford AI, Modlesky CM, Peterson MD, Li Y, Caird MS. Test-Retest Reliability and Correlates of Vertebral Bone Marrow Lipid Composition by Lipidomics Among Children With Varying Degrees of Bone Fragility. JBMR Plus 2020; 4:e10400. [PMID: 33103029 PMCID: PMC7574707 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The reliability of lipidomics, an approach to identify the presence and interactions of lipids, to analyze the bone marrow lipid composition among pediatric populations with bone fragility is unknown. The objective of this study was to assess the test–retest reliability, standard error of measurement (SEM), and the minimal detectable change (MDC) of vertebral bone marrow lipid composition determined by targeted lipidomics among children with varying degrees of bone fragility undergoing routine orthopedic surgery. Children aged 10 to 19 years, with a confirmed diagnosis of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (n = 13) or neuromuscular scoliosis and cerebral palsy (n = 3), undergoing posterior spinal fusion surgery at our institution were included in this study. Transpedicular vertebral body bone marrow samples were taken from thoracic vertebrae (T11, 12) or lumbar vertebrae (L1 to L4). Lipid composition was assessed via targeted lipidomics and all samples were analyzed in the same batch. Lipid composition measures were examined as the saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated index and as individual fatty acids. Relative and absolute test–retest reliability was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), SEM, and MDC. Associations between demographics and index measures were explored. The ICC, SEM, and MDC were 0.81 (95% CI, 0.55–0.93), 1.6%, and 4.3%, respectively, for the saturated index, 0.66 (95% CI, 0.25–0.87), 3.5%, and 9.7%, respectively, for the monounsaturated index, and 0.60 (95% CI, 0.17–0.84), 3.6%, and 9.9%, respectively, for the polyunsaturated index. For the individual fatty acids, the ICC showed a considerable range from 0.04 (22:2n‐6) to 0.97 (18:3n‐3). Age was positively correlated with the saturated index (r2 = 0.36; p = 0.014) and negatively correlated with the polyunsaturated index (r2 = 0.26; p = 0.043); there was no difference in index measures by sex (p > 0.58). The test–retest reliability was moderate‐to‐good for index measures and poor to excellent for individual fatty acids; this information can be used to power research studies and identify measures for clinical or research monitoring. © 2020 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G Whitney
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA.,Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
| | - Maureen J Devlin
- Department of Anthropology University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
| | - Andrea I Alford
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
| | | | - Mark D Peterson
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA.,Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
| | - Michelle S Caird
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
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French ZP, Caird MS, Whitney DG. Osteoporosis Epidemiology Among Adults With Cerebral Palsy: Findings From Private and Public Administrative Claims Data. JBMR Plus 2019; 3:e10231. [PMID: 31768490 PMCID: PMC6874176 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals with cerebral palsy (CP) have an increased risk for the early development of osteoporosis; however, little is known about the epidemiology of osteoporosis for adults with CP, which is vital to inform clinical practice for osteoporosis prevention, treatment, and management. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to determine sex-stratified prevalence of osteoporosis among adults with CP, as compared with adults without CP. Data from 2016 were extracted from Optum Clinformatics Data Mart (private insurance administrative claims data) and a random 20% sample from the fee-for-service Medicare (public insurance administrative claims data). Diagnostic codes were used to identify CP and osteoporosis diagnoses. Sex-stratified prevalence of osteoporosis was compared between adults with and without CP for the following age groups: 18 to 30, 31 to 40, 41 to 50, 51 to 60, 61 to 70, and >70 years of age. The overall prevalence of osteoporosis was 4.8% for adults without CP (n = 8.7 million), 8.4% for privately insured adults with CP (n = 7,348), and 14.3% for publicly insured adults with CP (n = 21,907). Women and men with CP had a higher prevalence of osteoporosis compared with women and men without CP for all age groups. Finally, publicly insured women and men with CP had a higher prevalence of osteoporosis compared with privately insured women and men with CP for all age groups, except for the similar prevalence among the 18- to 30-year age group. These findings suggest that osteoporosis is more prevalent among adults with CP compared with adults without CP. Study findings highlight the need for earlier screening and preventive medical services for osteoporosis management among adults with CP. © 2019 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary P French
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Michigan MedicineUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Michigan MedicineUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA
| | - Michelle S Caird
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Michigan MedicineUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA
| | - Daniel G Whitney
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Michigan MedicineUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA
- Institute for Healthcare Policy and InnovationUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA
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Whitney DG, Alford AI, Devlin MJ, Caird MS, Hurvitz EA, Peterson MD. Adults with Cerebral Palsy have Higher Prevalence of Fracture Compared with Adults Without Cerebral Palsy Independent of Osteoporosis and Cardiometabolic Diseases. J Bone Miner Res 2019; 34:1240-1247. [PMID: 30730595 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Individuals with cerebral palsy (CP) have an increased risk of fracture throughout their lifespan based on an underdeveloped musculoskeletal system, excess body fat, diminished mechanical loading, and early development of noncommunicable diseases. However, the epidemiology of fracture among adults with CP is unknown. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to determine the prevalence of fracture among a large sample of privately insured adults with CP, as compared with adults without CP. Data were from the Optum Clinformatics Data Mart (Eden Prairie, MN, USA), a deidentified nationwide claims database of beneficiaries from a single private payer. Diagnostic codes were used to identify 18- to 64-year-old beneficiaries with and without CP and any fracture that consisted of osteoporotic pathological fracture as well as any type of fracture of the head/neck, thoracic, lumbar/pelvic, upper extremity, and lower extremity regions. The prevalence of any fracture was compared between adults with (n = 5,555) and without (n = 5.5 million) CP. Multivariable logistic regression was performed with all-cause fracture as the outcome and CP group as the primary exposure. Adults with CP had a higher prevalence of all-cause fracture (6.3% and 2.7%, respectively) and fracture of the head/neck, thoracic, lumbar/pelvic, upper extremity, and lower extremity regions compared with adults without CP (all p < 0.01). After adjusting for sociodemographic and socioeconomic variables, adults with CP had higher odds of all-cause fracture compared with adults without CP (OR 2.5; 95% CI, 2.2 to 2.7). After further adjusting for cardiometabolic diseases, adults with CP had higher odds of all-cause fracture compared with adults without CP (OR 2.2; 95% CI, 2.0 to 2.5). After further adjusting for osteoporosis, adults with CP still had higher odds of all-cause fracture compared with adults without CP (OR 2.0; 95% CI, 1.8 to 2.2). These findings suggest that young and middle-aged adults with CP have an elevated prevalence of all-cause fracture compared with adults without CP, which was present even after accounting for cardiometabolic diseases and osteoporosis. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G Whitney
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Andrea I Alford
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Maureen J Devlin
- Department of Anthropology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Michelle S Caird
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Edward A Hurvitz
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mark D Peterson
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Abstract
Cerebral palsy has always been known as a disorder of movement and posture resulting from a non-progressive injury to the developing brain; however, more recent definitions allow clinicians to appreciate more than just the movement disorder. Accurate classification of cerebral palsy into distribution, motor type and functional level has advanced research. It also facilitates appropriate targeting of interventions to functional level and more accurate prognosis prediction. The prevalence of cerebral palsy remains fairly static at 2-3 per 1000 live births but there have been some changes in trends for specific causal groups. Interventions for cerebral palsy have historically been medical and physically focused, often with limited evidence to support their efficacy. The use of more appropriate outcome measures encompassing quality of life and participation is helping to deliver treatments which are more meaningful for people with cerebral palsy and their carers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Wimalasundera
- Department of Paediatric Neurodisability, Clinical lead for the Wolfson Neurodisability Service, The Wolfson Neurodisability Service, London, UK
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ANGARA VS, WHITTAKER JS. DIAZEPAM: A PRELIMINARY STUDY OF ITS EFFECTS ON PATIENTS WITH ATHETOID CEREBRAL PALSY. Can Med Assoc J 1965; 93:364-6. [PMID: 14339297 PMCID: PMC1928773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Diazepam was administered to seven severely affected athetoid children for a period of two to three months to determine whether beneficial effects could be demonstrated from its use. All patients were started on a daily dose of 2.5 mg. and the dose was increased as tolerated. The patients were assessed by a neurologist, an occupational therapist, a physiotherapist and a speech therapist before and after the trial.The dose of diazepam cannot be determined in advance. The optimum dose must be established by trial in each individual patient. No beneficial effects were noted in four of these children. One of those who showed improvement became significantly worse when the drug was withdrawn and it was necessary to reinstitute the drug. The response in any individual patient is unpredictable. The most significant side effect was drowsiness.
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AMES MD. PROPOSALS FOR A DEPARTMENT OF REHABILITATION FOR CHILDREN. Pediatrics 1965; 36:277-81. [PMID: 14320043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
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DAVEY KW, WAINMAN R. ORAL PROSTHESIS FOR CEREBRAL PALSY CHILDREN. J Can Dent Assoc (Tor) 1965; 31:497-504. [PMID: 14338413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
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MOORE T. FOOT SUPPORTS FOR ADULT SPASTICS IN WHEELCHAIRS. Physiotherapy 1965; 51:218-9. [PMID: 14338200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
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KENDALL PH, BISSELL EM. ANALYSIS OF GAIT IN CEREBRAL PALSY: PRACTICAL DIFFICULTIES AND POSSIBILITIES. Physiotherapy 1965; 51:208-13. [PMID: 14338198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
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KARLSSON B, GARDESTROEM L, NORDQVIST I, JACOBSON F. CEREBRAL PALSY IN YOUNG ADULTS. A SOCIO-MEDICAL STUDY WITH SPECIAL REGARD TO EMPLOYMENT PROBLEMS. Dev Med Child Neurol 1965; 7:269-77. [PMID: 14343223 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8749.1965.tb10931.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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REED CF, POLLACK A. PATTERN-DETECTION IN BRAIN-INJURED CHILDREN. Am J Psychol 1965; 78:177-87. [PMID: 14290746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
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MORGAN MR. TESTING AND EVALUATION. A PAPER GIVEN AT THE THIRD PAN-PACIFIC REHABILITATION CONFERENCE IN TOKYO, APRIL 1965. Spastic Quart 1965; 14:3-11. [PMID: 14324596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
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GORDON EJ, ROSENSTEIN SN. A STUDY OF THE ENAMEL OF PRIMARY TEETH IN CEREBRAL PALSIED CHILDREN. N Y State Dent J 1965; 31:245-9. [PMID: 14300388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
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Abstract
Sixty-eight spastic, 24 athetoid, and 32 normal children were administered the Illinois Test of Psycholinguistic Abilities to determine whether this instrument would distinguish among the groups. Non-language variables, such as age, cognitive ability, and social experience were controlled, and the data were subjected to factor analysis, analysis of variance, and discriminant analysis. Significant differences were found, favoring the spastic group on ITPA tests at the automatic-sequential level of language and the athetoid group on ITPA tests at the representational level. The scores for the normal group were uniformly higher than the scores of the cerebral palsied groups and separated the normal group from the other two groups.
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REYNELL JK, MARTIN MC. THE RESPONSE OF CHILDREN TO PHYSIOTHERAPY. Physiotherapy 1965; 51:186-9. [PMID: 14302918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
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NICHOLLS RH. SOME ASPECTS OF A PRE-RELEASE EDUCATIONAL SCHEME FOR HANDICAPPED SCHOOL LEAVERS. Spastic Quart 1965; 14:18-22. [PMID: 14324594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
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DE VRIES JS. [ORTHEPEDIC TREATMENT FOR THE SEQUELAE OF INFANTILE ENCEPHALOPATHY]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 1965; 109:80-6. [PMID: 14341471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
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GAY MG. A PRESCHOOL PROGRAM FOR CHILDREN WITH CEREBRAL PALSY. Children 1965; 12:105-8. [PMID: 14286183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
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SEMANS S, PHILLIPS R, ROMANOLI M, MILLER R, SKILLEN M. A CEREBRAL PALSY ASSESSMENT CHART; INSTRUCTIONS FOR ADMINISTRATION OF THE TEST. Phys Ther 1965; 45:463-8. [PMID: 14330881 DOI: 10.1093/ptj/45.5.463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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SLOTKIN R. A STUDY OF THE VACUETT SUPPOSITORY IN THE PEDIATRIC PATIENT. J Pediatr 1965; 66:954-6. [PMID: 14279855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
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CARTER CH. THE "HOLD-BACK" MANEUVER AS AN OBSTETRIC HAZARD. Obstet Gynecol 1965; 25:710-6. [PMID: 14289534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
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ZIMMERMAN IL, JONES MH. CHANGES IN INTELLECTUAL RATINGS OF CEREBRAL PALSIED CHILDREN WITH AND WITHOUT PRENURSERY SCHOOL TRAINING. Except Child 1965; 31:486. [PMID: 14294455 DOI: 10.1177/001440296503100905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
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TAMAKI T, MORISADA C. [FREQUENCY RESPONSE IN TERMS OF MUSCULAR ACTIVITY IN CEREBRAL PALSIED CHILDREN]. No To Shinkei 1965; 17:479-84. [PMID: 14310887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
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CHEFETZ MD. ETIOLOGY OF CEREBRAL PALSY. ROLE OF REPRODUCTIVE INSUFFICIENCY AND THE MULTIPLICITY OF FACTORS. Obstet Gynecol 1965; 25:635-47. [PMID: 14289525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
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WAINER GG. PSYCHOTHERAPY IN A GIRL OF 18 YEARS WITH SEVERE CEREBRAL PALSY. Dev Med Child Neurol 1965; 7:175-7. [PMID: 14317534 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8749.1965.tb10908.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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SZNAJDER N, BOUZA E, FENIAK R, RODRIGUEZ N, ITOIZ ME. [CARIES PREVALENCE IN NORMAL AND CEREBRAL PALSY PATIENTS]. Rev Asoc Odontol Argent 1965; 53:101-3. [PMID: 14331144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
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BUKSOWICZ C. [ROLE OF CRANIAL RADIOGRAPHY AND PNEUMOENCEPHALOGRAPHY IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF EARLY CEREBRAL PALSY]. Pediatr Pol 1965; 40:391-6. [PMID: 14347163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
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GRISHINA TA. [EXPERIENCE IN THE ORGANIZATION OF MEDICAL AID TO CHILDREN WITH CEREBRAL PALSY]. Vopr Okhr Materin Det 1965; 10:71-3. [PMID: 14300599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
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BELOWA-DAVID RA. [ON SPEECH DISORDERS IN CEREBRAL PALSY AND LOGOPEDICS IN SPASTIC CHILDREN]. Dtsch Gesundheitsw 1965; 20:533-6. [PMID: 14305468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
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KEATS S. SURGICAL TREATMENT OF THE HAND IN CEREBRAL PALSY: CORRECTION OF THUMB-IN-PALM AND OTHER DEFORMITIES. REPORT OF NINETEEN CASES. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1965; 47:274-84. [PMID: 14261803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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WAKOH T, HILLMAN JC, REISS M. ENERGY METABOLISM OF SPASTIC CHILDREN. Int J Neuropsychiatry 1965; 1:185-8. [PMID: 14309080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
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MORTENS J. ORTHOPAEDIC OPERATIONS IN THE TREATMENT OF CHILDREN WITH CEREBRAL PALSY. Dan Med Bull 1965; 12:22-8. [PMID: 14263233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
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STUTTE H. [CAN PSYCHOLOGICAL TRAUMA IN PREGNANCY BE THE CAUSE OF CONGENITAL CEREBRAL HEMIPLEGIA IN THE CHILD?]. Acta Paedopsychiatr 1965; 32:75-82. [PMID: 14294686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
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SIDEMAN MB, PEARSE JJ, SUWALSKI RT. CHOLINESTERASE LEVELS IN SPASTIC CHILDREN. Int J Neuropsychiatry 1965; 1:183-4. [PMID: 14309079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
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EPSTEIN B. SPEECH COMMUNICATION DIFFICULTIES IN THE BRAIN-INJURED CHILD. Spastic Quart 1965; 14:2-3. [PMID: 14290676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
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MATHAMS AM. METHODS OF TEACHING CHILDREN WITH COMMUNICATION DIFFICULTIES. Spastic Quart 1965; 14:35-40. [PMID: 14290677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
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SINDER C, WENTSLER NE. BREECH PRESENTATION WITH FOLLOW-UP. Obstet Gynecol 1965; 25:322-8. [PMID: 14268011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
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