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Spezani R, Marinho TS, Reis TS, Aguila MB, Mandarim-de-Lacerda CA. Cotadutide (GLP-1/Glucagon dual receptor agonist) modulates hypothalamic orexigenic and anorexigenic neuropeptides in obese mice. Peptides 2024; 173:171138. [PMID: 38147963 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2023.171138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
The hypothalamic neuropeptides linked to appetite and satiety were investigated in obese mice treated with cotadutide (a dual receptor agonist of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1R)/Glucagon (GCGR)). Twelve-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were fed a control diet (C group, n = 20) or a high-fat diet (HF group, n = 20) for ten weeks. Each group was further divided, adding cotadutide treatment and forming groups C, CC, HF, and HFC for four additional weeks. The hypothalamic arcuate neurons were labeled by immunofluorescence, and protein expressions (Western blotting) for neuropeptide Y (NPY), proopiomelanocortin (POMC), agouti-related protein (AgRP), and cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART). Cotadutide enhanced POMC and CART neuropeptides and depressed NPY and AGRP neuropeptides. In addition, gene expressions (RT-qPCR) determined that Lepr (leptin receptor) and Calcr (calcitonin receptor) were diminished in HF compared to C but enhanced in CC compared to C and HFC compared to HF. Besides, Socs3 (suppressor of cytokine signaling 3) was decreased in HFC compared to HF, while Sst (somatostatin) was higher in HFC compared to HF; Tac1 (tachykinin 1) and Mc4r (melanocortin-4-receptor) were lower in HF compared to C but increased in HFC compared to HF. Also, Glp1r and Gcgr were higher in HFC compared to HF. In conclusion, the findings are compelling, demonstrating the effects of cotadutide on hypothalamic neuropeptides and hormone receptors of obese mice. Cotadutide modulates energy balance through the gut-brain axis and its associated signaling pathways. The study provides insights into the mechanisms underlying cotadutide's anti-obesity effects and its possible implications for obesity treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Spezani
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Biology, Biomedical Center, The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thatiany Souza Marinho
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Biology, Biomedical Center, The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thiago Santos Reis
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Biology, Biomedical Center, The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcia Barbosa Aguila
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Biology, Biomedical Center, The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Mandarim-de-Lacerda
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Biology, Biomedical Center, The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Schuller J, Koch M. Blockade of the orexin 1-receptors and ' cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript' in the nucleus accumbens shell alters impulse control in rats. Behav Brain Res 2023; 440:114268. [PMID: 36539163 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Impulsivity is a multifaceted construct and alterations in impulsiveness are often associated with psychiatric diseases, including drug addiction and binge eating disorder. Impulse control involves several brain regions. The present study assessed the role of the orexigenic, appetite stimulating neuropeptide orexin (OX) and the anorexigenic, appetite reducing neuropeptide cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) within the nucleus accumbens shell (NAcSh) in impulse control in rats. The animals were ranked for their trait impulsivity based on a screening in the 5-choice serial reaction time task (5-CSRTT). The rats' performances were analysed after bilateral infusions of the OX 1-receptor antagonist SB-334867 (SB) and CART-antibodies (CART-ABs) into the NAcSh. After SB infusions, there was no change in premature responses observed on average. Further analysis revealed a negative linear correlation between the effect of intra-NAcSh SB infusions on premature responses and trait impulsivity. The effect of SB ranged from an increase, no change to a decrease in premature responses in the individual animals with increasing trait impulsivity. Infusions of CART-ABs led to consistently enhanced impulse control with fewer irrelevant actions, independent of trait impulsivity. These data suggest that both OX, especially OX A, and CART in the NAcSh, can be considered endogenous regulators of impulsive action, dependent on underlying impulsivity in the case of OX and independent from trait impulsivity in the case of CART.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Schuller
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Brain Research Institute, University of Bremen, Hochschulring 18, D-28359 Bremen, Germany.
| | - Michael Koch
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Brain Research Institute, University of Bremen, Hochschulring 18, D-28359 Bremen, Germany.
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Abels M, Riva M, Shcherbina L, Fischer AHT, Banke E, Degerman E, Lindqvist A, Wierup N. Overexpressed beta cell CART increases insulin secretion in mouse models of insulin resistance and diabetes. Peptides 2022; 151:170747. [PMID: 35065097 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2022.170747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Impaired beta cell function and beta cell death are key features of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) is necessary for normal islet function in mice. CART increases glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in vivo in mice and in vitro in human islets and CART protects beta cells against glucotoxicity-induced cell death in vitro in rats. Furthermore, beta cell CART is upregulated in T2D patients and in diabetic rodent models as a consequence of hyperglycaemia. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of upregulated beta cell CART on islet hormone secretion and glucose homeostasis in a transgenic mouse model. To this end, mice with beta cell-specific overexpression of CART (CARTtg mice) were generated. CARTtg mice challenged by aging, high fat diet feeding or streptozotocin treatment were phenotyped with respect to in vivo and in vitro insulin and glucagon secretion, glucose homeostasis, and beta cell mass. In addition, the impact of adenoviral overexpression of CART on insulin secretion was studied in INS-1 832/13 cells. CARTtg mice had a normal metabolic phenotype under basal conditions. On the other hand, with age CARTtg mice displayed increased insulin secretion and improved glucose elimination, compared with age-matched WT mice. Furthermore, compared with WT controls, CARTtg mice had increased insulin secretion after feeding a high fat diet, as well as lower glucose levels and higher insulin secretion after streptozotocin treatment. Viral overexpression of CART in INS-1 832/13 cells resulted in increased glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Together, these results imply that beta cell CART acts to increase insulin secretion when beta cell function is challenged. We propose that the increase in beta cell CART is part of a compensatory mechanisms trying to counteract the hyperglycaemia in T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia Abels
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Matteo Riva
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | | | - Elin Banke
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | | | - Nils Wierup
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden.
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Wang J, Webster A, Sims W, Gilbert ER, Cline MA. The anorexigenic effect of adrenomedullin in Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) involves increased proopiomelanocortin and cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript mRNAs in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2021; 74:106465. [PMID: 32599450 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2020.106465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Central administration of adrenomedullin (AM), a 52-amino acid peptide, is associated with anorexigenic effects in some species, including rodents and chickens. However, the associated hypothalamic mechanisms remain unclear and it is unknown if this peptide exerts satiety-inducing effects in other avian species. The objective of this study was thus to investigate AM-induced anorexigenic effects in 7-day-old Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica). After intracerebroventricular injection of 0.3, 1.0, or 3.0 nmol of AM, quail injected with 3.0 nmol of AM ate and drank less than vehicle-injected quail at 180 min after injection. Except for the 1.0 nmol dose of AM exerting an anorexigenic effect at 90 min after injection, no other inhibitory effects on food or water intake were observed. At 60 min after injection, the AM-injected quail had more c-Fos immunoreactive cells in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) than vehicle-injected birds. In the ARC, AM injection was associated with increased proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) mRNAs. In conclusion, the results suggest that the anorexigenic effect of AM is possibly influenced by the synergistic effect of POMC and CART in the ARC.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wang
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - A Webster
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - W Sims
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - E R Gilbert
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA; School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - M A Cline
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA; School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
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Singh O, Agarwal N, Yadav A, Basu S, Malik S, Rani S, Kumar V, Singru PS. Concurrent changes in photoperiod-induced seasonal phenotypes and hypothalamic CART peptide-containing systems in night-migratory redheaded buntings. Brain Struct Funct 2020; 225:2775-2798. [PMID: 33141294 PMCID: PMC7608113 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-020-02154-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This study tested the hypothesis whether hypothalamic cocaine-and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART)-containing systems were involved in photoperiod-induced responses associated with spring migration (hyperphagia and weight gain) and reproduction (gonadal maturation) in migratory songbirds. We specifically chose CART to examine neural mechanism(s) underlying photoperiod-induced responses, since it is a potent anorectic neuropeptide and involved in the regulation of changes in the body mass and reproduction in mammals. We first studied the distribution of CART-immunoreactivity in the hypothalamus of migratory redheaded buntings (Emberiza bruniceps). CART-immunoreactive neurons were found extensively distributed in the preoptic, lateral hypothalamic (LHN), anterior hypothalamic (AN), suprachiasmatic (SCN), paraventricular (PVN), dorsomedialis hypothalami (DMN), inferior hypothalamic (IH), and infundibular (IN) nuclei. Then, we correlated hypothalamic CART-immunoreactivity in buntings with photostimulated seasonal states, particularly winter non-migratory/non-breeding (NMB) state under short days, and spring premigratory/pre-breeding (PMB) and migratory/breeding (MB) states under long days. There were significantly increased CART-immunoreactive cells, and percent fluorescent area of CART-immunoreactivity was significantly increased in all mapped hypothalamic areas, except the SCN, PVN, AN, and DMN in photostimulated PMB and MB states, as compared to the non-stimulated NMB state. In particular, CART was richly expressed in the medial preoptic nucleus, LHN, IH and IN during MB state in which buntings showed reduced food intake and increased night-time activity. These results suggest that changes in the activity of the CART-containing system in different brain regions were associated with heightened energy needs of the photoperiod-induced seasonal responses during spring migration and reproduction in migratory songbirds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omprakash Singh
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar, Jatni, Khurda, 752050, Odisha, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Neha Agarwal
- Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, India.,Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Anupama Yadav
- Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, India
| | - Sumela Basu
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar, Jatni, Khurda, 752050, Odisha, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Shalie Malik
- Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, India
| | - Sangeeta Rani
- Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.
| | - Praful S Singru
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar, Jatni, Khurda, 752050, Odisha, India. .,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India.
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Burgos JR, Iresjö BM, Olsson L, Smedh U. LPS immune challenge reduces arcuate nucleus TSHR and CART mRNA and elevates plasma CART peptides. BMC Neurosci 2019; 20:59. [PMID: 31829131 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-019-0539-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The aim was to examine the impact of lipopolysaccharide-induced systemic inflammation on expression of mRNA for cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) and the thyrotropin receptor (TSHR) and its ligands in CNS areas of relevance for feeding controls and metabolism. Lipopolysaccharide effects on plasma levels of TSH and CART peptides were also examined. Methods Lipopolysaccharide (150–200 μg/mouse) was injected in C57BL/6J mice and tissue and plasma samples taken after 24 h. To establish if plasma increase in CART peptide levels were prostanoid dependent, indomethacin was given via the drinking water beginning 48 h prior to LPS. We evaluated mRNA expression for CART, TSHR, TSHβ, and thyrostimulin in brain and pituitary extracts. Plasma levels of TSH, CARTp, and serum amyloid P component were analyzed by ELISA. Results Lipopolysaccharide suppressed TSHR mRNA expression in the arcuate nucleus and the pituitary. CART mRNA expression was reduced in the arcuate nucleus but elevated in the pituitary of mice treated with Lipopolysaccharide, whereas plasma TSH remained unchanged. Plasma CART peptide concentration increased after LPS treatment in a prostanoid-independent manner, and CART peptide levels correlated positively to degree of inflammation. Conclusions Our findings suggest that central and peripheral CART is affected by acute inflammation. Considering the role of the arcuate nucleus in feeding controls, our data highlight TSHR and CART as putative neuroendocrine signaling components that respond to inflammation, perhaps to maintain weight and metabolic homeostasis during states of disease.
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Zhou C, Lei L, Deng X, Yuan D, Zhu C, Ye H, Luo H, Zhang C, Zhou J, Yang M, Wang J, Zeng B, Li B, Zheng Z. Three forms of cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript may be involved in food intake regulation in gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio). Fish Physiol Biochem 2019; 45:921-933. [PMID: 31104250 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-018-0596-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In fish, as in mammals, several studies have demonstrated that the cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) plays an important role in feeding. However, thus far, the function of CART in gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio) feeding regulation has not been reported. In our study, we first identified three forms of CART peptide precursors from gibel carp brain and named these CART-1, CART-2, and CART-3. The full-length cDNA sequences of CART-1, CART-2, and CART-3 were 616 bp, 705 bp, and 760 bp, respectively, encoding peptides of 118, 120, and 104 amino acid residues. We detected mRNA expression of CART-1, CART-2, and CART-3 in a wide range of peripheral and central tissues, with the highest expression detected in the brain. After a meal, mRNA expression of CART-1, CART-2, and CART-3 was significantly elevated, suggesting that CART-1, CART-2, and CART-3 may act as postprandial satiety signals. Moreover, mRNA expression of all three CART-1, CART-2, and CART-3 was significantly reduced during fasting and significantly elevated with refeeding. Our findings indicate that CART-1, CART-2, and CART-3 might function as a satiety factor in the gibel carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaowei Zhou
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 402460, People's Republic of China
- Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, 850002, Tibet, People's Republic of China
| | - Luo Lei
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 402460, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingxing Deng
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 402460, People's Republic of China
| | - Dengyue Yuan
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Life Sciences, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, 641000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengke Zhu
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 402460, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Ye
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 402460, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Luo
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 402460, People's Republic of China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, 850002, Tibet, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianshe Zhou
- Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, 850002, Tibet, People's Republic of China
| | - Minmin Yang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 402460, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 402460, People's Republic of China
| | - Benhe Zeng
- Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, 850002, Tibet, People's Republic of China
| | - Baohai Li
- Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, 850002, Tibet, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zonglin Zheng
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 402460, People's Republic of China.
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Psilopanagioti A, Nikou S, Papadaki H. Nucleobindin-2/Nesfatin-1 in the Human Hypothalamus Is Reduced in Obese Subjects and Colocalizes with Oxytocin, Vasopressin, Melanin-Concentrating Hormone, and Cocaine- and Amphetamine-Regulated Transcript. Neuroendocrinology 2019; 108:190-200. [PMID: 30625474 DOI: 10.1159/000496731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Nesfatin-1, processed from nucleobindin-2 (NUCB2), is a potent anorexigenic peptide being expressed in rodent hypothalamic nuclei and involved in the regulation of feeding behavior and body weight in animals. The present study aimed to investigate NUCB2/nesfatin-1 protein expression in the human hypothalamus as well as its correlation with body weight. METHODS Sections of hypothalamus and adjacent cholinergic basal forebrain nuclei, including the nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM) and the diagonal band of Broca (DBB), from 25 autopsy cases (17 males, 8 females; 8 lean, 9 overweight, 8 obese) were examined using immunohistochemistry and double immunofluorescence labeling. RESULTS Prominent NUCB2/nesfatin-1 immunoexpression was detected in supraoptic, paraventricular, and infundibular nuclei, lateral hypothalamic area (LHA)/perifornical region, and NBM/DBB. NUCB2/nesfatin-1 was found to extensively colocalize with (a) oxytocin and vasopressin in paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei, (b) melanin-concentrating hormone in the LHA, and (c) cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript in infundibular and paraventricular nuclei and LHA. Interestingly, in the LHA, NUCB2/nesfatin-1 protein expression was significantly decreased in obese, compared with lean (p < 0.01) and overweight (p < 0.05) subjects. CONCLUSIONS The findings of the present study are suggestive of a potential role for NUCB2/nesfatin-1 as an integral regulator of food intake and energy homeostasis in the human hypothalamus. In the LHA, an appetite- and reward-related brain area, reduced NUCB2/nesfatin-1 immunoexpression may contribute to dysregulation of homeostatic and/or hedonic feeding behavior and obesity. NUCB2/nesfatin-1 localization in NBM/DBB might imply its participation in the neuronal circuitry controlling cognitive influences on food intake and give impetus towards unraveling additional biological actions of NUCB2/nesfatin-1 in human neuronal networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristea Psilopanagioti
- Department of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece,
| | - Sofia Nikou
- Department of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Helen Papadaki
- Department of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
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Shcherbina L, Lindqvist A, Thorén Fischer AH, Ahlqvist E, Zhang E, Falkmer SE, Renström E, Koffert J, Honka H, Wierup N. Intestinal CART is a regulator of GIP and GLP-1 secretion and expression. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 476:8-16. [PMID: 29627317 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Impaired incretin effect is a culprit in Type 2 Diabetes. Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) is a regulatory peptide controlling pancreatic islet hormone secretion and beta-cell survival. Here we studied the potential expression of CART in enteroendocrine cells and examined the role of CART as a regulator of incretin secretion and expression. CART expression was found in glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP)-producing K-cells and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)-producing L-cells in human duodenum and jejunum and circulating CART levels were increased 60 min after a meal in humans. CART expression was increased by fatty acids and GIP, but unaffected by glucose in GLUTag and STC-1 cells. Exogenous CART had no effect on GIP and GLP-1 expression and secretion in GLUTag or STC-1 cells, but siRNA-mediated silencing of CART reduced GLP-1 expression and secretion. Furthermore, acute intravenous administration of CART increased GIP and GLP-1 secretion during an oral glucose-tolerance test in mice. We conclude that CART is a novel constituent of human K- and L-cells with stimulatory actions on incretin secretion and that interfering with the CART system may be a therapeutic avenue for T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A Lindqvist
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - E Ahlqvist
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - E Zhang
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - S E Falkmer
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Ryhov Hospital, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - E Renström
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - J Koffert
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - H Honka
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - N Wierup
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden.
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Yoon HS, Hattori K, Sasayama D, Kunugi H. Low cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) peptide levels in human cerebrospinal fluid of major depressive disorder (MDD) patients. J Affect Disord 2018; 232:134-138. [PMID: 29486339 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) peptide is a candidate neuropeptide as a biomarker for major depressive disorder (MDD) because of its effects on emotion and distribution covering brain areas involved in the pathophysiology of MDD symptoms. However, it is unknown whether CART peptide levels are altered in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with MDD patients and are correlated with MDD symptoms. METHODS Subjects were 24 patients with MDD and 25 healthy controls matched for age, gender and ethnicity (Japanese). We measured CSF CART levels by a commercially available immunoassay kit and analyzed the relationships of the levels with antidepressant dose and symptoms assessed with the 21 item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-21). RESULTS CSF CART levels were significantly decreased in the patients than in the controls (p < 0.05). In MDD patient group, the CART levels had a negative correlation with antidepressant dose (imipramine-equivalent dose) (ρ = -0.55, p < 0.01) and significantly decreased in antidepressant-treated group (AD-treated group) compared to controls (p < 0.05). CSF CART levels showed significant negative correlations with psychomotor retardation, somatic anxiety, and general somatic symptoms (all p < 0.05) and a positive correlation with obsessive and compulsive symptoms (p < 0.05). LIMITATIONS In our analysis, all classes of antidepressants were combined together and the effects of medication use in a longitudinal manner did not confirm. CONCLUSIONS We report for the first time that CSF CART peptide levels are reduced in patients with MDD compared with healthy controls. The CART levels showed negative correlations with antidepressant dose and some symptoms, supporting the possibility that CART peptide is involved in the development of depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Shin Yoon
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1, OgawaHigashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan; Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, South Korea
| | - Kotaro Hattori
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1, OgawaHigashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan; Translational Medical Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan
| | - Daimei Sasayama
- Department of Psychiatry, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kunugi
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1, OgawaHigashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan.
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11
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Zhu P, Zhang Z, Huang X, Liang S, Khandekar N, Song Z, Lin S. RANKL Reduces Body Weight and Food Intake via the Modulation of Hypothalamic NPY/CART Expression. Int J Med Sci 2018; 15:969-977. [PMID: 30013437 PMCID: PMC6036154 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.24373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) modulates energy metabolism. However, how RANKL regulates energy homeostasis is still not clear. This study aims to investigate the central mechanisms by which central administration of RANKL inhibits food intake and causes weight loss in mice. We carried out a systematic and in-depth analysis of the neuronal pathways by which RANKL mediates catabolic effects. After intracerebroventricle (i.c.v.) injection of RANKL, the expression of neuropeptide Y (NPY) mRNA in the Arc was significantly decreased, while the CART mRNA expression dramatically increased in the Arc and DMH. However, the agouti-related protein (AgRP) and pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) mRNA had no significant changes compared with control groups. Together, the results suggest that central administration of RANKL reduces food intake and causes weight loss via modulating the hypothalamic NPY/CART pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), China
| | - Zhihui Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), China
| | - Xufeng Huang
- School of Medicine, University of Wollongong and Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Shiyu Liang
- Department of Cardiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), China
| | - Neeta Khandekar
- Neurological Diseases Division, Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Zhiyuan Song
- Department of Cardiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), China
| | - Shu Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), China.,School of Medicine, University of Wollongong and Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, NSW 2522, Australia
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12
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Shcherbina L, Edlund A, Esguerra JLS, Abels M, Zhou Y, Ottosson-Laakso E, Wollheim CB, Hansson O, Eliasson L, Wierup N. Endogenous beta-cell CART regulates insulin secretion and transcription of beta-cell genes. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 447:52-60. [PMID: 28237718 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Impaired beta-cell function is key to the development of type 2 diabetes. Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) is an islet peptide with insulinotropic and glucagonostatic properties. Here we studied the role of endogenous CART in beta-cell function. CART silencing in INS-1 (832/13) beta-cells reduced insulin secretion and production, ATP levels and beta-cell exocytosis. This was substantiated by reduced expression of several exocytosis genes, as well as reduced expression of genes important for insulin secretion and processing. In addition, CART silencing reduced the expression of a network of transcription factors essential for beta-cell function. Moreover, in RNAseq data from human islet donors, CARTPT expression levels correlated with insulin, exocytosis genes and key beta-cell transcription factors. Thus, endogenous beta-cell CART regulates insulin expression and secretion in INS-1 (832/13) cells, via actions on the exocytotic machinery and a network of beta-cell transcription factors. We conclude that CART is important for maintaining the beta-cell phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Shcherbina
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Jan Waldenströms Gata 35, 214 28 Malmö, Sweden
| | - A Edlund
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Jan Waldenströms Gata 35, 214 28 Malmö, Sweden
| | - J L S Esguerra
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Jan Waldenströms Gata 35, 214 28 Malmö, Sweden
| | - M Abels
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Jan Waldenströms Gata 35, 214 28 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Y Zhou
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Jan Waldenströms Gata 35, 214 28 Malmö, Sweden
| | - E Ottosson-Laakso
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Jan Waldenströms Gata 35, 214 28 Malmö, Sweden
| | - C B Wollheim
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Jan Waldenströms Gata 35, 214 28 Malmö, Sweden; Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University Medical Center, 1 Rue Michel-Servet, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - O Hansson
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Jan Waldenströms Gata 35, 214 28 Malmö, Sweden
| | - L Eliasson
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Jan Waldenströms Gata 35, 214 28 Malmö, Sweden
| | - N Wierup
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Jan Waldenströms Gata 35, 214 28 Malmö, Sweden.
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13
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Xu W, Zhang Y, Bai M, Zhou F, Deng R, Ji X, Zhang J, Liu Y, Zhou L, Wang X. Glucose enhances rat islet function via stimulating CART expression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 481:84-89. [PMID: 27823935 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) is an anorexigenic peptide widely expressed in the central and peripheral nervous systems, as well as in endocrine cells. CART is markedly upregulated in the β-cells of several rodent models of type-2 diabetes. The stimulatory effect of exogenous CART peptide on insulin secretion is cAMP dependent. Glucose is the most important regulator of islet function. However, the role of CART in glucose-potentiated insulin secretion remains unclear. Here, our results showed that glucose time- and dose-dependently elicited CART mRNA expression in rat islets. Both the glucokinase agonist GKA50 and the long-acting GLP-1 analogue exendin-4 increased CART mRNA expression. The protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor H89 and the inactivation of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) suppressed forskolin-stimulated CART mRNA expression. Furthermore, CART overexpression amplified insulin secretion from rat islets in response to glucose and forskolin, and ameliorated dexamethasone-impaired insulin secretion. These findings suggest that islet-derived CART is involved, at least in part, in high glucose-potentiated pancreatic β-cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Xu
- Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yuqing Zhang
- Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Mengyao Bai
- Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Feiye Zhou
- Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Ruyuan Deng
- Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xueying Ji
- Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Libin Zhou
- Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
| | - Xiao Wang
- Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
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14
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Abels M, Riva M, Bennet H, Ahlqvist E, Dyachok O, Nagaraj V, Shcherbina L, Fred RG, Poon W, Sörhede-Winzell M, Fadista J, Lindqvist A, Kask L, Sathanoori R, Dekker-Nitert M, Kuhar MJ, Ahrén B, Wollheim CB, Hansson O, Tengholm A, Fex M, Renström E, Groop L, Lyssenko V, Wierup N. CART is overexpressed in human type 2 diabetic islets and inhibits glucagon secretion and increases insulin secretion. Diabetologia 2016; 59:1928-37. [PMID: 27338624 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-016-4020-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Insufficient insulin release and hyperglucagonaemia are culprits in type 2 diabetes. Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART, encoded by Cartpt) affects islet hormone secretion and beta cell survival in vitro in rats, and Cart (-/-) mice have diminished insulin secretion. We aimed to test if CART is differentially regulated in human type 2 diabetic islets and if CART affects insulin and glucagon secretion in vitro in humans and in vivo in mice. METHODS CART expression was assessed in human type 2 diabetic and non-diabetic control pancreases and rodent models of diabetes. Insulin and glucagon secretion was examined in isolated islets and in vivo in mice. Ca(2+) oscillation patterns and exocytosis were studied in mouse islets. RESULTS We report an important role of CART in human islet function and glucose homeostasis in mice. CART was found to be expressed in human alpha and beta cells and in a subpopulation of mouse beta cells. Notably, CART expression was several fold higher in islets of type 2 diabetic humans and rodents. CART increased insulin secretion in vivo in mice and in human and mouse islets. Furthermore, CART increased beta cell exocytosis, altered the glucose-induced Ca(2+) signalling pattern in mouse islets from fast to slow oscillations and improved synchronisation of the oscillations between different islet regions. Finally, CART reduced glucagon secretion in human and mouse islets, as well as in vivo in mice via diminished alpha cell exocytosis. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION We conclude that CART is a regulator of glucose homeostasis and could play an important role in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes. Based on the ability of CART to increase insulin secretion and reduce glucagon secretion, CART-based agents could be a therapeutic modality in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia Abels
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Lund and Malmö, Sweden
| | - Matteo Riva
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Lund and Malmö, Sweden
| | - Hedvig Bennet
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Lund and Malmö, Sweden
| | - Emma Ahlqvist
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Lund and Malmö, Sweden
| | - Oleg Dyachok
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University Biomedical Centre, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Vini Nagaraj
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Lund and Malmö, Sweden
| | - Liliya Shcherbina
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Lund and Malmö, Sweden
| | - Rikard G Fred
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Lund and Malmö, Sweden
| | - Wenny Poon
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Lund and Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Joao Fadista
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Lund and Malmö, Sweden
| | - Andreas Lindqvist
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Lund and Malmö, Sweden
| | - Lena Kask
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Lund and Malmö, Sweden
| | - Ramasri Sathanoori
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Lund and Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Michael J Kuhar
- The Yerkes Research Center of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Bo Ahrén
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Lund and Malmö, Sweden
| | - Claes B Wollheim
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University Medical Centre, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ola Hansson
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Lund and Malmö, Sweden
| | - Anders Tengholm
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University Biomedical Centre, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Malin Fex
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Lund and Malmö, Sweden
| | - Erik Renström
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Lund and Malmö, Sweden
| | - Leif Groop
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Lund and Malmö, Sweden
| | - Valeriya Lyssenko
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Lund and Malmö, Sweden
- Steno Diabetes Center A/S, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Nils Wierup
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Lund and Malmö, Sweden.
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Unit of Neuroendocrine Cell Biology, Lund University, Clinical Research Centre 91:12, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, 20502, Malmö, Sweden.
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15
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Gilon P. Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript: a novel regulator of energy homeostasis expressed in a subpopulation of pancreatic islet cells. Diabetologia 2016; 59:1855-9. [PMID: 27421727 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-016-4052-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is characterised by chronic hyperglycaemia and its incidence is highly increased by exaggerated food consumption. It results from a lack of insulin action/production, but growing evidence suggests that it might also involve hyperglucagonaemia and impaired control of glucose homeostasis by the brain. In recent years, the cocaine and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) peptides have generated a lot of interest in the battle against obesity because, via the brain, they exert anorexic effects and they increase energy expenditure. They are also localised, outside the brain, in discrete regions of the body and play a hormonal role in controlling various functions. In this issue of Diabetologia, the Wierup group (doi: 10.1007/s00125-016-4020-6 ) shows that CART peptides are expressed heterogeneously in islet cells of various species, including humans, and that their expression is upregulated in diabetes. The authors also shine a spotlight on some interesting effects of CART peptides on islet function, including stimulation of insulin secretion and inhibition of glucagon release. CART peptides would thus be at the centre of a cooperation between the brain and the endocrine pancreas to control glucose homeostasis. Although the mechanisms of action of CART peptides remain enigmatic because no specific receptor for these peptides has so far been discovered, their potential therapeutic use is evident and represents a new challenge for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Gilon
- Pôle d'endocrinologie, diabète et nutrition, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 55, B1.55.06, 1200, Brussels, Belgium.
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16
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Wasilewska B, Najdzion J, Równiak M, Bogus-Nowakowska K, Hermanowicz B, Kolenkiewicz M, Żakowski W, Robak A. Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript and calcium binding proteins immunoreactivity in the subicular complex of the guinea pig. Ann Anat 2015; 204:51-62. [PMID: 26617160 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2015.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study we present the distribution and colocalization pattern of cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) and three calcium-binding proteins: calbindin (CB), calretinin (CR) and parvalbumin (PV) in the subicular complex (SC) of the guinea pig. The subiculum (S) and presubiculum (PrS) showed higher CART-immunoreactivity (-IR) than the parasubiculum (PaS) as far as the perikarya and neuropil were concerned. CART- IR cells were mainly observed in the pyramidal layer and occasionally in the molecular layer of the S. In the PrS and PaS, single CART-IR perikarya were dispersed, however with a tendency to be found only in superficial layers. CART-IR fibers were observed throughout the entire guinea pig subicular neuropil. Double-labeling immunofluorescence showed that CART-IR perikarya, as well as fibers, did not stain positively for any of the three CaBPs. CART-IR fibers were only located near the CB-, CR-, PV-IR perikarya, whereas CART-IR fibers occasionally intersected fibers containing one of the three CaBPs. The distribution pattern of CART was more similar to that of CB and CR than to that of PV. In the PrS, the CART, CB and CR immunoreactivity showed a laminar distribution pattern. In the case of the PV, this distribution pattern in the PrS was much less prominent than that of CART, CB and CR. We conclude that a heterogeneous distribution of the CART and CaBPs in the guinea pig SC is in keeping with findings from other mammals, however species specific differences have been observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Wasilewska
- Department of Comparative Anatomy, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Łódzki 3, 10-727 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Janusz Najdzion
- Department of Comparative Anatomy, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Łódzki 3, 10-727 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Maciej Równiak
- Department of Comparative Anatomy, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Łódzki 3, 10-727 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Krystyna Bogus-Nowakowska
- Department of Comparative Anatomy, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Łódzki 3, 10-727 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Beata Hermanowicz
- Department of Comparative Anatomy, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Łódzki 3, 10-727 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Kolenkiewicz
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Warszawska 30, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Witold Żakowski
- Department of Animal and Human Physiology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Anna Robak
- Department of Comparative Anatomy, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Łódzki 3, 10-727 Olsztyn, Poland.
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17
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Cho JH, Cho YH, Kim HY, Cha SH, Ryu H, Jang W, Shin KH. Increase in cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) in specific areas of the mouse brain by acute caffeine administration. Neuropeptides 2015; 50:1-7. [PMID: 25820086 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Caffeine produces a variety of behavioral effects including increased alertness, reduced food intake, anxiogenic effects, and dependence upon repeated exposure. Although many of the effects of caffeine are mediated by its ability to block adenosine receptors, it is possible that other neural substrates, such as cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART), may be involved in the effects of caffeine. Indeed, a recent study demonstrated that repeated caffeine administration increases CART in the mouse striatum. However, it is not clear whether acute caffeine administration alters CART in other areas of the brain. To explore this possibility, we investigated the dose- and time-dependent changes in CART immunoreactivity (CART-IR) after a single dose of caffeine in mice. We found that a high dose of caffeine (100 mg/kg) significantly increased CART-IR 2 h after administration in the nucleus accumbens shell (AcbSh), dorsal bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (dBNST), central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA), paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVN), arcuate hypothalamic nucleus (Arc), and locus coeruleus (LC), and returned to control levels after 8 h. But this increase was not observed in other brain areas. In addition, caffeine administration at doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg appears to produce dose-dependent increases in CART-IR in these brain areas; however, the magnitude of increase in CART-IR observed at a dose of 50 mg/kg was similar or greater than that observed at a dose of 100 mg/kg. This result suggests that CART-IR in AcbSh, dBNST, CeA, PVN, Arc, and LC is selectively affected by caffeine administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hee Cho
- Department of Pharmacology, Korea University College of Medicine, Anam-Dong, Sungbuk-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Ha Cho
- Department of Pharmacology, Korea University College of Medicine, Anam-Dong, Sungbuk-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Young Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Korea University College of Medicine, Anam-Dong, Sungbuk-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Ha Cha
- Department of Pharmacology, Korea University College of Medicine, Anam-Dong, Sungbuk-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ryu
- Department of Pharmacology, Korea University College of Medicine, Anam-Dong, Sungbuk-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooyoung Jang
- Department of Pharmacology, Korea University College of Medicine, Anam-Dong, Sungbuk-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Ho Shin
- Department of Pharmacology, Korea University College of Medicine, Anam-Dong, Sungbuk-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Yoon HS, Adachi N, Kunugi H. Microinjection of cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript 55-102 peptide into the nucleus accumbens could modulate anxiety-related behavior in rats. Neuropeptides 2014; 48:319-25. [PMID: 25256086 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2014.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) peptide is abundantly expressed in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) and is involved in stress, anxiety and reward responses. To examine the role of CART peptide in anxiety-related behavior, naïve rats were bilaterally injected with CART 55-102 peptide (0.5, 1.0 or 2.5 µg/0.5 µl/side) or vehicle into the NAcc. Following this, their anxiety-related behavior was assessed using the elevated plus maze and the open field tests with a one-week interval between the tests. There was no difference in the time spent in open arms, or number of entries into open arms on the elevated plus maze in the CART-treated animals at any dose, when compared with the vehicle-treated group. However, there was a significant increase in the time spent in the center of the open field with administration of the low dose of CART peptide (0.5 µg/0.5 µl/side), although this effect disappeared at the high dose (2.5 µg/0.5 µl/side). None of the doses of CART peptide altered total locomotion in these tests. To further determine the possible anxiety-modulating effect of CART peptide at low dosages, the light and dark test was performed. Additional groups of rats given doses of 0.01 µg/0.5 µl/side or 0.5 µg/0.5 µl/side of CART peptide showed increased exploration time in the light side. These results suggest that accumbal-CART peptide reduces anxiety-like behavior in a dose-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Shin Yoon
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1, Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
| | - Naoki Adachi
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1, Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kunugi
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1, Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan.
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19
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Kasacka I, Piotrowska Z, Janiuk I, Zbucki R. Dynamics of cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript containing cell changes in the adrenal glands of two kidney, one clip rats. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2014; 239:1292-9. [PMID: 24939825 DOI: 10.1177/1535370214538593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Taking into consideration the homeostatic disorders resulting from renal hypertension and the essential role of cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) in maintaining homeostasis by regulating many functions of the body, the question arises as to what extent the renovascular hypertension affects the morphology and dynamics of changes of CART-containing cells in the adrenal glands. The aim of the present study was to examine the distribution, morphology, and dynamics of changes of CART-containing cells in the adrenal glands of "two kidney, one clip" (2K1C) renovascular hypertension model in rats. The studies were carried out on the adrenal glands of rats after 3, 14, 28, 42, and 91 days from the renal artery clipping procedure. To identify neuroendocrine cells, immunohistochemical reaction was performed with the use of a specific antibody against CART. It was revealed that renovascular hypertension causes changes in the endocrine cells containing CART in the adrenal glands of rats. The changes observed in the endocrine cells depend on the time when the rats with experimentally induced hypertension were examined. In the first period of hypertension, the number and immunoreactivity of CART-containing cells were decreased, while from the 28-day test, it significantly increased, as compared to the control rats. CART is relevant to the regulation of homeostasis in the cardiovascular system and seems to be involved in renovascular hypertension. The results of the present work open the possibility of new therapeutic perspectives for the treatment of arterial hypertension, since CART function is involved in their pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Kasacka
- Department of Histology and Cytophysiology, Medical University, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Zaneta Piotrowska
- Department of Histology and Cytophysiology, Medical University, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Izabela Janiuk
- Department of Nutrition and Food Assessment, Institute of Health Sciences, University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland
| | - Robert Zbucki
- 1 Clinical Department of General and Endocrine Surgery, University Clinical Hospital, 15-264 Bialystok, Poland
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