1
|
Csuzdi C, Koo J, Choi NJ, Szederjesi T, Hong Y. Complete mitochondrial genome of the composting worm Dendrobaena veneta (Clitellata: Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae). Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2023; 8:1082-1086. [PMID: 37849654 PMCID: PMC10578090 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2023.2265177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendrobaena veneta (Rosa, 1886) is widely distributed all over Europe due to its use as compost worm. The specimen presented here was collected in Tiranë district, Albania. Currently, only two species' complete or nearly complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) sequences have been reported in the genus Dendrobaena; D. octaedra (Savigny, 1826) and D. tellermanica Perel, 1966. In this study, the complete mitogenome of D. veneta was sequenced, assembled, and annotated. The mitogenome of D. veneta is a circular DNA molecule, consisting of 15,475 bp with an A + T content of 61.2%. It contains 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, and 1 non-coding region (control region). Phylogenetic analysis showed that D. veneta is clustered with the other two Dendrobaena species in the well-supported family Lumbricidae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Csuzdi
- Department of Zoology, Eszterházy Károly Catholic University, Eger, Hungary
| | - Jachoon Koo
- Division of Science Education and Institute of Fusion Science, College of Education, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Nak jung Choi
- Crop Foundation Research Division, National Institute of Crop Science, Korea
| | - Tímea Szederjesi
- Department of Systematic Zoology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Yong Hong
- Department of Agricultural Biology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Garczyńska M, Kostecka J, Pączka G, Mazur-Pączka A, Cebulak T, Butt KR. Chemical Composition of Earthworm ( Dendrobaena veneta Rosa) Biomass Is Suitable as an Alternative Protein Source. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:3108. [PMID: 36833802 PMCID: PMC9961765 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The selected chemical composition (dry matter, ash, total protein, and crude fat) of the integumentary muscles of Dendrobaena veneta were determined, plus the dry matter (DM) percentage content of 17 amino acids and the profile (%) of fatty acids. Results were compared with a more fully studied earthworm, Eisenia fetida. In addition, the composition of exogenous amino acids was compared to the WHO standard for pork, beef, and chicken eggs. Both earthworm species were grown on the same kitchen waste, and protein composition was analyzed using the same methods. Studies indicated that the muscle of D. veneta was characterized by a high level of protein (76.82% DM). A similar content of exogenous amino acids was observed in the protein of both earthworms, but for phenylalanine and isoleucine, slightly higher levels were recorded for E. fetida. More histidine, lysine, threonine, isoleucine, and arginine were found in earthworms compared with chicken egg white. Fatty acids play an essential role in balancing human or animal feed and their content determines the dietary and nutritional value of the food. Both earthworm species contained the appropriate content of saturated and unsaturated acids. In D. veneta, a higher content of arachidonic acid was found, and in E. fetida, lauric, tridecanoic, and palmitic acids were present. Future issues of food security may force us to seriously consider earthworm protein for indirect or even direct human consumption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariola Garczyńska
- Department of the Basis of Agriculture and Waste Management, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Land Management and Environmental Protection, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, ul. Cwiklinskiej 2, 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Joanna Kostecka
- Department of the Basis of Agriculture and Waste Management, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Land Management and Environmental Protection, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, ul. Cwiklinskiej 2, 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Pączka
- Department of the Basis of Agriculture and Waste Management, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Land Management and Environmental Protection, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, ul. Cwiklinskiej 2, 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Anna Mazur-Pączka
- Department of the Basis of Agriculture and Waste Management, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Land Management and Environmental Protection, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, ul. Cwiklinskiej 2, 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Tomasz Cebulak
- Department of Food Technology and Human Nutrition, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, 4 Zelwerowicza Str., 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Kevin R. Butt
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Trigui S, Hackenberger DK, Kovačević M, Stjepanović N, Palijan G, Kallel A, Hackenberger BK. Effects of olive mill waste (OMW) contaminated soil on biochemical biomarkers and reproduction of Dendrobaena veneta. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:24956-24967. [PMID: 34837620 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17593-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Olive oil industry is economically important in Mediterranean countries. Disposal of olive mill waste (OMW) presents an environmental concern in those countries due to its high salinity and its high level of polyphenols. In order to reuse OMW, those properties have to change either through the filtration process and addition of adsorbents or by composting. One of the most important organisms in composting of organic wastes is earthworms. However, data on the effects of OMW on earthworms are scarce. The main aim of our study was to investigate whether OMW contaminated soil (OMW CS) causes adverse effects on molecular and organism level in epigeic earthworm Dendrobaena veneta and on microbiological activity. Changes of measured biochemical biomarkers (AChE, CAT, GST, lipids, MDA) varied depending on the quantity of added OMW CS and the exposure duration. Oxidative stress occurred after 7 days of exposure, while in most cases enzyme activity recovered after 28 days. At the highest ratio of contaminated soil (50%), reproduction was completely inhibited. The second aim was to investigate the impact of earthworms on phenol degradation and microbial activity, indicating an important role in the bioremediation of contaminated soils. Our results show that above a certain quantity an OMW CS has an adverse effect on earthworms, while the impact of earthworms on soil microbial activity was positive but transient. Yet, as the results also imply that earthworms have an impact on phenol degradation, they can be used to help remediation of OMW CS and its subsequent usage in agriculture. However, the quantity of OMW CS that can be safely added should be determined first.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salsabil Trigui
- Laboratory of Water, Energy and Environment (Lab 3E), Sfax National School of Engineers, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | | | - Marija Kovačević
- Department of Biology, University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 8A, 31000, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Nikolina Stjepanović
- Department of Biology, University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 8A, 31000, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Goran Palijan
- Department of Biology, University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 8A, 31000, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Amjad Kallel
- Laboratory of Water, Energy and Environment (Lab 3E), Sfax National School of Engineers, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Reed EMS, O'Connor MO, Johnson IC, Silver WL, Saunders CJ. Dendrobaena veneta avoids ethyl pentanoate and ethyl hexanoate, two compounds produced by the soil fungus Geotrichum candidum. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12148. [PMID: 34589308 PMCID: PMC8434804 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Earthworms shape the biological and physicochemical qualities of the soil they choose to reside in, but our understanding of the specific chemicals that attract or repel a particular species of earthworm remains incomplete. Current research indicates that some species feed on and are attracted to fungi, such as Geotrichum candidum. In the present study, as part of our continuing effort to characterize mechanisms of earthworm chemosensation, we tested whether ethyl hexanoate and ethyl pentanoate, two compounds produced by G. candidum, are appetitive to the European nightcrawler (Dendrobaena veneta). In a soil T-maze, both of these compounds significantly repelled individual earthworms in a dosage-dependent manner, this result ran counter to our initial hypothesis. D. veneta also avoided ethyl hexanoate and ethyl pentanoate in an assay we specifically developed to test an earthworms aversion to chemical stimuli in soil. In both of these assays, ethyl hexanoate was aversive at lower concentrations than ethyl pentanoate. These findings further clarify our understanding of the chemical cues that trigger the decision of D. veneta to select a particular soil-environment, and emphasize that different earthworm species may react very differently to commonly encountered chemical stimuli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eileen M S Reed
- Department of Biology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - Mariel O O'Connor
- Department of Biology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - Ione C Johnson
- South Stokes High School, Walnut Cove, NC, United States of America
| | - Wayne L Silver
- Department of Biology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - Cecil J Saunders
- Department of Biology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Katsiamides A, Stürzenbaum SR. Cryptic speciation and blurred species boundaries of the earthworm: A challenge for soil-based toxicological risk assessments. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 239:108880. [PMID: 32882414 PMCID: PMC7670304 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The toxicological risk assessment of chemicals is largely based on the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) guidelines. These internationally approved methodologies help shape policy and political strategy of environment and human health issues. Risk assessments which pertain to soil biota 'recruit' sentinel organisms, including the earthworm Eisenia fetida. Despite E. fetida being morphologically similar to Dendrobaena veneta, they are characterized by a several-fold difference in sensitivity to xenobiotics. Worms, sold as either as pure E. fetida stocks or E. fetida/D. veneta mixed cultures, were obtained from five commercial suppliers. The species identity of 25 earthworms was determined by sequencing the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 (COII). We revealed that only one of 25 worms was E. fetida, the remaining worms were all identified as D. veneta. This underlines the notion that E. fetida and D. veneta are easily mis-identified. The occurrence of cryptic speciation combined with the well-documented species-specific variation in toxicological responses highlights the pressing need to accurately classify earthworms to species level prior to any toxicological research. Only this will ensure the validity and reliability of risk assessments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Katsiamides
- Department of Analytical, Environmental & Forensic Sciences, School of Population Health & Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Stephen R Stürzenbaum
- Department of Analytical, Environmental & Forensic Sciences, School of Population Health & Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Czerwonka A, Fiołka MJ, Jędrzejewska K, Jankowska E, Zając A, Rzeski W. Pro-apoptotic action of protein-carbohydrate fraction isolated from coelomic fluid of the earthworm Dendrobaena veneta against human colon adenocarcinoma cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 126:110035. [PMID: 32113054 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Earthworm coelomic fluid (CF) is known as a rich source of various bioactive compounds with promising anticancer features. However, it has been demonstrated that CF affects functionality of both, cancer and normal cells. This non-selective activity causes a major problem for medical application of CF. In this study, we present the anticancer activity of the active protein-carbohydrate fraction (AF) isolated from thermally treated CF of earthworm Dendrobaena veneta. The in vitro effect of the AF was examined in human colon model including normal human colon epithelium (CCD 841 CoTr) and human colon adenocarcinoma (HT-29 and LS180) cell lines. We investigated the impact of AF on cell viability neutral red and lactate dehydrogenase assays, morphology May-Grünwald-Giemsa staining assay proliferation MTT tetrazolium salt and BrdU incorporation assays as well as cell cycle progression propidium iodide/RNase staining and the activity of human 20S proteasome the hydrolysis of AMC from a Suc-LLVY-AMC peptide substrate. Additionally, the influence of AF on apoptosis was examined in HT-29 cells by Annexin V/PI, Hoechst 33342 staining and active caspase-3 assays. Our investigation demonstrated that AF at the tested concentration range does not affect the viability and morphology of CCD 841 CoTr cells. Simultaneously, AF inhibits human 20S proteasome activity as well as significantly decreases mitochondrial metabolism, disturbs cell cycle and induces apoptosis via activation of procaspase-3 in HT-29 cancer cells. Obtained results demonstrate the antiproliferative and proapoptotic activity of AF that can be useful in developing therapeutic strategies to treat human colon cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arkadiusz Czerwonka
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin 20-033, Poland.
| | - Marta J Fiołka
- Department of Immunobiology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin 20-033, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Jędrzejewska
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk 80-308, Poland.
| | - Elżbieta Jankowska
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk 80-308, Poland.
| | - Adrian Zając
- Department of Functional Anatomy and Cytobiology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin 20-033, Poland.
| | - Wojciech Rzeski
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin 20-033, Poland; Department of Functional Anatomy and Cytobiology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin 20-033, Poland; Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Rural Health, Lublin 20-090, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Fiołka MJ, Rzymowska J, Bilska S, Lewtak K, Dmoszyńska-Graniczka M, Grzywnowicz K, Kaźmierski W, Urbanik-Sypniewska T. Antitumor activity and apoptotic action of coelomic fluid from the earthworm Dendrobaena veneta against A549 human lung cancer cells. APMIS 2019; 127:435-448. [PMID: 30803036 DOI: 10.1111/apm.12941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
It is known that earthworm coelomic fluid (CF) can affect not only cancer but also normal cells. The study demonstrated that the CF of the earthworm Dendrobaena veneta exhibited cytotoxicity against A549 lung cancer cells but did not toward the bronchial epithelial cell line BEAS-2B. The selective effect on the tumor cells was achieved after a short-term CF heat pre-treatment at 70 °C. The cytotoxic effect of the CF was time- and concentration-dependent. The CF noticeably decreased the viability and affected the morphology of the A549 cells. Scanning electron microscopy revealed a different degree of destruction of the nucleus and cytoplasm of A549 cells. As determined by atomic force microscopy, the cell surface roughness increased while the cell stiffness was reduced upon the CF treatment. A twofold increase in the caspase 3, 4, 5, and 10 levels was observed in the A549 cells after the incubation with the CF. The results obtained by flow cytometry using Annexin V confirmed the proapoptotic effect of the earthworm CF on A549 lung cancer cells. The D. veneta CF and active fraction obtained with cytotoxicity toward A549 lung cancer is an interesting and promising preparation for further biological, chemical, and biomedical research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta J Fiołka
- Department of Immunobiology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Jolanta Rzymowska
- Department of Biology and Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Sylwia Bilska
- Department of Haematooncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Kinga Lewtak
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hackenberger DK, Stjepanović N, Lončarić Ž, Hackenberger BK. Acute and subchronic effects of three herbicides on biomarkers and reproduction in earthworm Dendrobaena veneta. Chemosphere 2018; 208:722-730. [PMID: 29894974 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Earthworms are exposed to herbicides both through their skin and digestive system. Herbicides can influence earthworms' survival, physiology and reproduction. However, there is a lack of data on herbicide effects on earthworms as they are often regarded as low or non-toxic. The aim of our study was to investigate whether widely used commercial formulations of glyphosate (GLF), tembotrione (TBT) and nicosulfuron (NCS) each applied at three environmentally relevant concentrations have adverse effects on various biomarkers and reproduction in epigeic earthworm Dendrobaena veneta. The activities of measured biomarkers varied depending on the herbicide used and the exposure duration and suggest that oxidative stress plays an important role in the toxicity of tested herbicides. Namely, GLF caused an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity induction after seven days, and NCS after 28 days, while TBT caused an inhibition up to 47% (6.6 μg kgdw soil-1) after seven days. Only TBT caused a significant change (H2 = 13.96, p = 0.002) to catalase (CAT) after seven days of exposure. Malondialdehyde concentrations (MDA) were increased all the time after NCS exposure, but only after seven days in GLF and 28 days in TBT treatments, respectively. The tested herbicides did not have a significant effect on reproduction success, expect of NCS which increased the number of juveniles (p < 0.05).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Davorka K Hackenberger
- J. J. Strossmayer University, Department of Biology, Cara Hadrijana 8A, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Nikolina Stjepanović
- J. J. Strossmayer University, Department of Biology, Cara Hadrijana 8A, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Željka Lončarić
- J. J. Strossmayer University, Department of Biology, Cara Hadrijana 8A, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Branimir K Hackenberger
- J. J. Strossmayer University, Department of Biology, Cara Hadrijana 8A, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Nigussie A, Bruun S, de Neergaard A, Kuyper TW. Earthworms change the quantity and composition of dissolved organic carbon and reduce greenhouse gas emissions during composting. Waste Manag 2017; 62:43-51. [PMID: 28228360 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2017.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) has recently been proposed as an indicator of compost stability. We assessed the earthworms' effect on DOC content and composition during composting, and linked compost stability to greenhouse gas emissions and feeding ratio. Earthworms reduced total DOC content, indicating larger stability of vermicompost than of thermophilic compost. The concentrations of humic acid and fulvic acid were reduced by earthworms, whereas there was no significant effect on hydrophobic neutrals and hydrophilics. The humic acid fraction was depleted more quickly than the other compounds, indicating humic acid degradation during composting. The optimum feeding ratio decreased DOC content compared to the high feeding ratio. The lowest N2O emissions were also observed at the optimum feeding ratio. Our study confirmed the use of DOC content and composition as an indicator of compost stability and suggested that feeding ratio should be considered when assessing the earthworms' effect on stabilisation and greenhouse gas emissions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abebe Nigussie
- Department of Soil Quality, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; Department of Natural Resource Management, Jimma University, Ethiopia.
| | - Sander Bruun
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Andreas de Neergaard
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Thomas W Kuyper
- Department of Soil Quality, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|