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Proimos J, Boyle JA, Garth B, Loh E, Teede HJ. The role of medical colleges and member organisations in advancing women in health care leadership. Med J Aust 2024; 220:346-351. [PMID: 38451111 DOI: 10.5694/mja2.52244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Proimos
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC
- Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC
| | | | - Belinda Garth
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC
| | - Erwin Loh
- Monash Partners Academic Health Sciences Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC
| | - Helena J Teede
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC
- Monash Partners Academic Health Sciences Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC
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Gibbs C, Howarth T, Ticoalu A, Chen W, Ford PL, Abeyaratne A, Jayaram L, McCallum G, Heraganahally SS. Bronchiectasis among Indigenous adults in the Top End of the Northern Territory, 2011-2020: a retrospective cohort study. Med J Aust 2024; 220:188-195. [PMID: 38225723 DOI: 10.5694/mja2.52204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the prevalence of bronchiectasis among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (Indigenous) adults in the Top End of the Northern Territory, and mortality among Indigenous adults with bronchiectasis. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING, PARTICIPANTS Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander adults (18 years or older) living in the Top End Health Service region of the NT in whom bronchiectasis was confirmed by chest computed tomography (CT) during 1 January 2011 - 31 December 2020. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Prevalence of bronchiectasis, and all-cause mortality among Indigenous adults with CT-confirmed bronchiectasis - overall, by sex, and by health district - based on 2011 population numbers (census data). RESULTS A total of 23 722 Indigenous adults lived in the Top End Health Service region in 2011; during 2011-2020, 459 people received chest CT-confirmed diagnoses of bronchiectasis. Their median age was 47.5 years (interquartile range [IQR], 39.9-56.8 years), 254 were women (55.3%), and 425 lived in areas classified as remote (93.0%). The estimated prevalence of bronchiectasis was 19.4 per 1000 residents (20.6 per 1000 women; 18.0 per 1000 men). The age-adjusted prevalence of bronchiectasis was 5.0 (95% CI, 1.4-8.5) cases per 1000 people in the Darwin Urban health area, and 18-36 cases per 1000 people in the three non-urban health areas. By 30 April 2023, 195 people with bronchiectasis had died (42.5%), at a median age of 60.3 years (IQR, 50.3-68.9 years). CONCLUSION The prevalence of bronchiectasis burden among Indigenous adults in the Top End of the NT is high, but differed by health district, as is all-cause mortality among adults with bronchiectasis. The socio-demographic and other factors that contribute to the high prevalence of bronchiectasis among Indigenous Australians should be investigated so that interventions for reducing its burden can be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Gibbs
- Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, NT
- Flinders University, Darwin, NT
| | - Timothy Howarth
- Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT
- University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Winnie Chen
- Flinders University, Darwin, NT
- Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, NT
| | - Payi L Ford
- Northern Institute, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT
| | | | - Lata Jayaram
- Western Health, Melbourne, VIC
- The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC
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Roche AM, Bowden J. Women, alcohol, and breast cancer: opportunities for promoting better health and reducing risk. Med J Aust 2023. [PMID: 37244646 DOI: 10.5694/mja2.51984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ann M Roche
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA
| | - Jacqueline Bowden
- National Centre for Education and Training on Addiction (NCETA), Flinders University, Adelaide, SA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the impact of festive cinematic diets on the gut microbiota. DESIGN Observational (watching films) and creative review. Sadly, we couldn't incorporate any snowball sampling. SETTING In front of a television, by a blazing log fire. PARTICIPANTS Everyone: you don't need to be on the nice list! MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Microbiota INdex of Comparative Evaluation for Pictorial Infographic Evidence (MINCE PIE) scores (difference between the numbers of microbiota-enhancing and microbiota-detrimental food groups) for foods depicted in twelve festive films. RESULTS Most festive films featured meals or foods from a typical Western diet, with high sugar and fat content, with overall negative effects on the microbiota. However, some films promoted options containing fibre, beneficial proteins, or polyphenols. These are gifts under the Christmas tree for our microbiota. CONCLUSION Good balance is needed for our microbiota, and consequently our mental health. Many festive films portray a Western diet that can lead to dysbiosis. Through their action on the gut-brain axis and the influence of media on dietary choices, the festive foods consumed in these films (maybe an extra chocolate biscuit during Love Actually) can be stressful for our microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Yousef
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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Janamian T, Greco M, Cosgriff D, Baker L, Dawda P. Activating people to partner in health and self-care: use of the Patient Activation Measure. Med J Aust 2022; 216 Suppl 10:S5-S8. [PMID: 35665937 PMCID: PMC9328281 DOI: 10.5694/mja2.51535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Patient activation is a behavioural concept and is at the heart of personalised care. It is defined as an individual's knowledge, skill and confidence for managing their health and health care. Evidence indicates that patient activation scores can predict health behaviour and are closely linked to various clinical outcomes: reduced unnecessary emergency department visits, hospital admissions and re-admissions. Patients with lower activation levels (25-40% of the population) are less likely to adopt healthy behaviour, and more likely to have poorer clinical outcomes and higher rates of hospitalisation. Effective interventions can improve a patient's activation level, and positive change in activation equates to positive change in self-care behaviour. But to improve patient activation, we must first measure it using a robust evidence-based tool such as the Patient Activation Measure (PAM) survey. Armed with the patient's PAM score, providers can tailor their care and help patients achieve better self-care, which can improve outcomes of care and reduce unnecessary health care utilisation. The PAM is also useful for population segmentation and risk stratification - to target interventions and health strategies to meet the needs of patients who are at different points along the activation continuum, to measure the performance of health care systems, and to evaluate the effectiveness of health care interventions. The role of patient activation requires further serious consideration if we are to improve the long-term health and wellbeing of all Australians. The PAM tool is a feasible and cost-effective solution for achieving the Quadruple Aim - improving population health, the cost-efficiency of the health system, and patient and provider experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Janamian
- Client Focused Evaluation Program SurveysBrisbaneQLD
- University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD
| | - Michael Greco
- Griffith UniversityBrisbaneQLD
- Care OpinionBrisbaneQLD
| | | | | | - Paresh Dawda
- University of CanberraCanberraACT
- Prestantia HealthCanberraACT
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Marques MD, Douglas KM, Jolley D. Practical recommendations to communicate with patients about health-related conspiracy theories. Med J Aust 2022; 216:381-384. [PMID: 35430740 PMCID: PMC9325074 DOI: 10.5694/mja2.51475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daniel Jolley
- University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NOTTS, United Kingdom
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Webb AR, Coward L, Meanger D, Leong S, White SL, Borland R. Offering mailed nicotine replacement therapy and Quitline support before elective surgery: a randomised controlled trial. Med J Aust 2022; 216:357-363. [PMID: 35267206 PMCID: PMC9314866 DOI: 10.5694/mja2.51453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Objective To assess whether offering free mailed nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) and telephone counselling to smokers on elective surgery waiting lists increases quitting before surgery. Design, setting Randomised, controlled trial at Frankston Hospital, a public tertiary referral hospital in Melbourne. Participants Adult smokers added to elective surgery waiting lists for operations at least ten days in the future, 1 April 2019 ‒ 3 April 2020. Intervention In addition to normal care, intervention participants received a brochure on the risks of low frequency smoking, an offer of Quitline call‐back registration, and an offer of mailed NRT according to reported daily smoking: 1‒9 cigarettes/day, 2 mg lozenges; 10‒15/day, 7‒14 mg patches [three weeks] and 2 mg lozenges; > 15/day, 7‒21 mg patches [five weeks] and 2 mg lozenges. Main outcome measures Primary outcome: quitting at least 24 hours before surgery, verified by exhaled carbon monoxide testing. Secondary outcomes: quitting at least four weeks before surgery, adverse events, and (for those who had quit before surgery) abstinence three months after surgery. Results Of 748 eligible participants (control, 363; intervention, 385), 516 (69%) had undergone elective surgery when the trial was terminated early (for COVID‐19‐related reasons) (intervention group, 274; control group, 242). 122 of the 385 intervention participants (32%) had accepted the offer of cessation support. The proportions of intervention participants who quit at least 24 hours before surgery (18% v 9%; odds ratio [OR], 1.97; 95% CI, 1.22‒3.15) or at least four weeks before surgery (9% v 4%; OR, 2.20; 95% CI, 1.08–4.50) were larger than for the control group. Three months after surgery, 27 of 58 intervention (47%) and 12 of 25 control participants (48%) who quit before surgery reported not smoking in the preceding seven days. No major adverse events were reported. Conclusion Uptake of free mailed NRT and Quitline support by smokers on elective surgery waiting lists was good, and offering additional support was associated with higher proportions of smokers quitting before surgery. Trial registration Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, ACTRN12619000032156 (prospective).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley R Webb
- Peninsula Health, Melbourne, VIC.,Monash University, Melbourne, VIC
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike Daube
- Curtin University, Perth, WA.,Public Health Advocacy Institute of Western Australia, Curtin University, Perth, WA
| | - Julia Stafford
- Public Health Advocacy Institute of Western Australia, Curtin University, Perth, WA
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Teede HJ, Johnson A, Buttery J, Jones CA, Boyle DI, Jennings GL, Shaw T. Australian Health Research Alliance: national priorities in data-driven health care improvement. Med J Aust 2019; 211:494-497.e1. [PMID: 31733072 DOI: 10.5694/mja2.50409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Helena J Teede
- Monash Partners Academic Health Sciences Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC.,Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC
| | - Alison Johnson
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC
| | - Jim Buttery
- Monash Partners Academic Health Sciences Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC.,Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC.,Monash Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC
| | - Cheryl A Jones
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC.,Melbourne Academic Centre for Health, Melbourne, VIC
| | - Douglas Ir Boyle
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC.,Melbourne Academic Centre for Health, Melbourne, VIC.,Health and Biomedical Informatics Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC
| | - Garry Lr Jennings
- University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW.,Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC.,Sydney Health Partners, Sydney, NSW
| | - Tim Shaw
- University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW.,Sydney Health Partners, Sydney, NSW
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12
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Wylie C, Heffernan A, Brown JA, Cairns R, Lynch AM, Robinson J. Exposures to e-cigarettes and their refills: calls to Australian Poisons Information Centres, 2009-2016. Med J Aust 2019; 210:126. [PMID: 30772937 DOI: 10.5694/mja2.12032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carol Wylie
- Queensland Poisons Information Centre, Lady Cilento Children's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD
| | - Aaron Heffernan
- Queensland Poisons Information Centre, Lady Cilento Children's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD.,Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD
| | - Jared A Brown
- New South Wales Poisons Information Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW
| | - Rose Cairns
- New South Wales Poisons Information Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW.,University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW
| | - Ann-Maree Lynch
- Western Australian Poisons Information Centre, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA
| | - Jeff Robinson
- Victorian Poisons Information Centre, Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC
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Huynh A, Cairns R, Brown JA, Lynch AM, Robinson J, Wylie C, Buckley NA, Dawson AH. Patterns of poisoning exposure at different ages: the 2015 annual report of the Australian Poisons Information Centres. Med J Aust 2018; 209:74-79. [PMID: 29976129 DOI: 10.5694/mja17.01063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To characterise the types of calls received by Australian Poisons Information Centres (PICs) in Australia, and to analyse poisoning exposures by age group, circumstances of exposure, and the types of substances involved. Design, setting: Retrospective analysis of call records from all four Australian PICs (national coverage). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Basic demographic information; exposure circumstances, substance types involved in each age group; recommendations for management (eg, stay at home, go to hospital). RESULTS There were 204 906 calls to Australian PICs in 2015, 69.0% from the general public, 27.9% from health professionals; 16.2% of calls originated from hospitals. 170 469 calls (including re-calls about an exposure) related to 164 363 poison exposure events; 64.4% were unintentional, 18.1% were the consequences of medication error, and 10.7% involved deliberate self-poisoning. Most exposures were of 20-74-year-old adults (40.1%) or 1-4-year-old toddlers (36.0%). The PICs advised callers to stay at home for 67.4% of exposures, and to present to hospital for 10.9%. The most common substances involved in exposures overall were household cleaners (10.2%) and paracetamol-containing analgesics (7.3%). Exposures of infants and toddlers were most frequently to household cleaning substances (17.8%, 15.3% respectively) and personal care items (6.6%, 7.3%); callers were usually advised to stay at home (88.5%, 86.4%). Deliberate self-poisoning (49.1%) and hospital referral (23.9%) were most frequent for adolescents. Exposures of adults (20-74 years) frequently involved psychotropic pharmaceuticals (17.8%) or painkillers (15.1%). Exposures in adults over 74 were typically medication errors involving cardiovascular (23.6%), anticoagulant (4.6%), or antidiabetic (4.1%) medications. CONCLUSIONS Poisoning is a significant public health problem throughout life, but the nature of the hazards differs markedly between age groups. PIC data could inform strategic public health interventions that target age-specific poisoning hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alanna Huynh
- NSW Poisons Information Centre, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW
| | - Rose Cairns
- NSW Poisons Information Centre, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW
| | - Jared A Brown
- NSW Poisons Information Centre, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW
| | - Ann-Maree Lynch
- Western Australian Poisons Information Centre, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA
| | - Jeff Robinson
- Victorian Poisons Information Centre, Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC
| | - Carol Wylie
- Queensland Poisons Information Centre, Lady Cilento Children's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD
| | - Nicholas A Buckley
- NSW Poisons Information Centre, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW
| | - Andrew H Dawson
- NSW Poisons Information Centre, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW
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Bowers J, Lo J, Miller P, Mawren D, Jones B. Psychological distress in remote mining and construction workers in Australia. Med J Aust 2018; 208:391-397. [PMID: 29747563 DOI: 10.5694/mja17.00950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the prevalence and correlates of psychological distress in a sample of remote mining and construction workers in Australia. Design, setting: A cross-sectional, anonymous Wellbeing and Lifestyle Survey at ten mining sites in South Australia and Western Australia, administered at meetings held during 2013-2015. PARTICIPANTS 1124 employees at remote construction, and open cut and underground mining sites completed the survey. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES General psychological distress (Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, K10) and self-reported overall mental health status; work, lifestyle and family factors correlated with level of psychological distress. RESULTS The final sample comprised 1124 workers; 93.5% were men, 63% were aged 25-44 years. 311 respondents (28%) had K10 scores indicating high/very high psychological distress, compared with 10.8% for Australia overall. The most frequently reported stressors were missing special events (86%), relationship problems with partners (68%), financial stress (62%), shift rosters (62%), and social isolation (60%). High psychological distress was significantly more likely in workers aged 25-34 years (v ≥ 55 years: odds ratio [OR], 3.2; P = 0.001) and workers on a 2 weeks on/1 week off roster (v 4 weeks on/1 week off: OR, 2.4; P < 0.001). Workers who were very or extremely stressed by their assigned tasks or job (OR, 6.2; P = 0.004), their current relationship (OR, 8.2; P < 0.001), or their financial situation (OR, 6.0; P < 0.001) were significantly more likely to have high/very high K10 scores than those not stressed by these factors. Workers who reported stress related to stigmatisation of mental health problems were at the greatest risk of high/very high psychological distress (v not stressed: OR, 23.5; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Psychological distress is significantly more prevalent in the remote mining and construction workforce than in the overall Australian population. The factors that contribute to mental ill health in these workers need to be addressed, and the stigma associated with mental health problems reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Peta Miller
- Rural and Remote Mental Health, Adelaide, SA
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Bonevski B, Thomas DP, Richmond RL. No smoker left behind: it's time to tackle tobacco in Australian priority populations. Med J Aust 2018; 208:52. [PMID: 29384613 DOI: 10.5694/mja17.00948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Puljević C, Kinner SA. No smoker left behind: it's time to tackle tobacco in Australian priority populations. Med J Aust 2018; 208:52. [PMID: 29320674 DOI: 10.5694/mja17.00847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheneal Puljević
- Griffith Criminology Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD
| | - Stuart A Kinner
- Griffith Criminology Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD
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Kanhutu KN. Understanding the function of health protection activities within public health practice. Med J Aust 2017; 207:478. [PMID: 29227768 DOI: 10.5694/mja17.00887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kudzai N Kanhutu
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, Melbourne Health, Melbourne, VIC
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Laverty M, McDermott DR, Calma T. Embedding cultural safety in Australia's main health care standards. Med J Aust 2017; 207:15-16. [PMID: 28659104 DOI: 10.5694/mja17.00328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dennis R McDermott
- Poche Centre for Indigenous Health and Wellbeing, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA
| | - Tom Calma
- Poche Indigenous Health Network, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW
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