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Moore ME, Keillor ME, Kasparek DM, Day AR, Glasgow BD. Electrostatic precipitator collection efficiency studies using atmospheric radon progeny as aerosol analogs for nuclear explosion radionuclides. J Environ Radioact 2023; 270:107306. [PMID: 37820504 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2023.107306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Electrostatic precipitation (ESP) is an attractive low-powered collection mechanism for mobile and fixed aerosol detection of radionuclides (RNs) for Nuclear Explosion Monitoring (NEM). Aerosol samplers deployed in the International Monitoring System use a blower to draw air through a filter media to collect particulates. ESP-based samplers collect aerosols without a filter, which can greatly increase volumetric flow capacity per watt of power consumed. ESP-based collectors may be optimized to perform low-power mobile RN collection or to improve the air throughput of existing monitoring stations. This effort describes the use of unknown concentrations of atmospheric RNs to determine the collection efficiency of a compact ESP design. For this analysis, naturally occurring radon progeny are simultaneously collected by a single stage wire-plate ESP and a filter-based sampler with a known collection efficiency. The activity of resulting samples is measured with gamma-spectroscopy and decay corrected for analysis time offsets. RN collection efficiencies are then derived for an experimental survey of ESP operational parameters that influence the ionization, transit, and collection of aerosols. At volumetric flow rates of 1.5-2 CMM, the optimized collection efficiency was calculated as 21±2%, and slower rates around 0.5 CMM resulted in 55 ±5% collection efficiency. The monitoring performance of the ESP-based collector was assessed for a simplified nuclear explosion source term by calculating the minimal detectable concentrations of short-lived fission & activation products. Results of the study suggest that a low-power ESP is feasible for NEM at distances of 100s of km.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Moore
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA, 99352, USA.
| | - Martin E Keillor
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Dustin M Kasparek
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Anthony R Day
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Brian D Glasgow
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
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2
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Jeong SB, Shin JH, Kim SW, Seo SC, Jung JH. Performance evaluation of an electrostatic precipitator with a copper plate using an aerosolized SARS-CoV-2 surrogate (bacteriophage phi 6). Environ Technol Innov 2023; 30:103124. [PMID: 36987524 PMCID: PMC10035800 DOI: 10.1016/j.eti.2023.103124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The global spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has reminded us of the importance of developing technologies to reduce and control bioaerosols in built environments. For bioaerosol control, the interaction between researchers and biomaterials is essential, and considering the characteristics of target pathogens is strongly required. Herein, we used enveloped viral aerosols, bacteriophage phi 6, for evaluating the performance of an electrostatic precipitator (ESP) with a copper-collecting plate (Cu-plate). In particular, bacteriophage phi 6 is an accessible enveloped virus that can be operated in biosafety level (BSL)-1 as a promising surrogate for SARS-CoV-2 with structural and morphological similarities. ESP with Cu-plate showed >91% of particle removal efficiency for viral aerosols at 77 cm/s of airflow face velocity. Moreover, the Cu-plate presented a potent antiviral performance of 5.4-relative log reduction within <15 min of contact. We believe that the evaluation of ESP performance using an aerosolized enveloped virus and plaque assay is invaluable. Our results provide essential information for the development of bioaerosol control technologies that will lead the post-corona era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Bin Jeong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hak Shin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Sam Woong Kim
- Agri-Food Bio Convergence Institute, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52725, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Chul Seo
- Department of Nano, Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seokyeong University, Seoul 02713, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hee Jung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
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3
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Kasparoglu S, Wright TP, Petters MD. Open-hardware design and characterization of an electrostatic aerosol precipitator. HardwareX 2022; 11:e00266. [PMID: 35509927 PMCID: PMC9058731 DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2022.e00266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Electrostatic precipitators are devices that remove charged particles from an air stream. We present the design and characterization of an electrostatic precipitator that is intended to be incorporated into aerosol sampling equipment. Hardware and software components of the design are open, all components can be directly purchased from vendors, and the device can be assembled with standard tools. Generic components are used to allow the repurposing of parts for other uses. The computer-controlled high-voltage power supply box associated with the project can be used for other common high-voltage applications in Aerosol Science and Technology, such as data acquisition and control systems for scanning mobility particle sizers. Computational fluid dynamics simulations are used to quantify the 3D flow field. The transfer function associated with the partial transmission is characterized through modeling and experiments. The observed transfer function is unique but deviates from the ideal transfer function due to the distortion of the flow near the inlet and the outlet of the device. Singly charged particles up to 624 nm and 253 nm can be completely removed for 0.5 L min-1 and 1 L min-1, respectively. We anticipate that our device will increase the accessibility of the technique to a broader audience.
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Schneider L, Rose NL, Myllyvirta L, Haberle S, Lintern A, Yuan J, Sinclair D, Holley C, Zawadzki A, Sun R. Mercury atmospheric emission, deposition and isotopic fingerprinting from major coal-fired power plants in Australia: Insights from palaeo-environmental analysis from sediment cores. Environ Pollut 2021; 287:117596. [PMID: 34426387 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Despite Australia's high reliance on coal for electricity generation, no study has addressed the extent to which mercury (Hg) deposition has increased since the commissioning of coal-fired power plants. We present stratigraphic data from lake sediments in the Hunter Valley (New South Wales) and Latrobe Valley (Victoria), where a significant proportion of Australia's electricity is generated via coal combustion. Mercury deposition in lake sediments increased in the 1970s with the commissioning of coal-fired power plants, by a factor of 2.9-times in sediments of Lake Glenbawn (Hunter Valley) and 14-times in Traralgon Reservoir (Latrobe Valley). Sediments deposited after the commissioning of power plants have distinct Hg isotope compositions, similar to those of combusted coals. Mercury emission, estimated using an atmospheric model (CALPUFF), was higher in the Latrobe Valley than in the Hunter Valley. This is a result of higher Hg concentrations in lignite coal, lax regulation and older pollution-control technologies adopted by coal-fired power plants in the Latrobe Valley. Near-source deposition of Hg in Australia is significantly higher than North America and Europe, where better emission controls (e.g. wet flue gas desulfurization) have been in effect for decades. The challenge for Australia in years to come will be to ratify the Minamata Convention and develop better regulation policies to reduce Hg emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Schneider
- School of Culture, History and Language. The Australian National University, Coombs Bld. 9, Fellows Rd, 2601, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Neil L Rose
- Environmental Change Research Centre, Dept of Geography, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Lauri Myllyvirta
- Centre for Research on Energy and Clean Air (CREA), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Simon Haberle
- School of Culture, History and Language. The Australian National University, Coombs Bld. 9, Fellows Rd, 2601, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Anna Lintern
- Department of Civil Engineering, Monash University, 3800, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jingjing Yuan
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, 300072, Tianjin, China
| | - Darren Sinclair
- Centre for Change Governance, Institute of Governance and Policy Analysis, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
| | - Cameron Holley
- School of Law, Society and Criminology, Faculty of Law & Justice, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Atun Zawadzki
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Lucas Heights, NSW, 2234, Australia
| | - Ruoyu Sun
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, 300072, Tianjin, China.
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Kang MS, Yu G, Shin J, Hwang J. Collection and decomposition of oil mist via corona discharge and surface dielectric barrier discharge. J Hazard Mater 2021; 411:125038. [PMID: 33453671 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Oil mist emitted during cooking is one of the major sources of atmospheric particulate matter in urban areas. A conventional electrostatic precipitator (ESP) is used in some large restaurants; it requires regular electrode cleaning to maintain particle collection performance. However, oil mist generated during cooking is viscous and difficult to clean with water. Herein, we introduce a methodology and a device for cleaning collected oil mist using surface dielectric barrier discharge (surface-DBD) plasma. Our device uses corona discharge for the collection of oil mist. Subsequently, the oil mist collected is decomposed to gas-phase species by surface-DBD plasma. A maximum collection efficiency of 93.25% (for 230 nm di-ethyl hexyl sebacate (DEHS) particle) is obtained at a flow velocity of 1.5 m/s. The maximum oil mist decomposition efficiency is 96.4%. More than 80% of the decomposed oil mist is converted to CO2 and CO under all test conditions. Some of the byproducts other than CO and CO2 are released as particles. Higher frequency results in higher oil mist decomposition efficiency, but also higher byproduct formation of particles. The mechanism of oil mist decomposition by surface-DBD plasma is discussed using optical emission spectroscopy data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung Soo Kang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Gihyeon Yu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jaeuk Shin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jungho Hwang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Sonthalia A, Garg S, Sharma R, Subramanian T, Kumar N. Effect of electrostatic precipitator on exhaust emissions in biodiesel fuelled CI engine. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:11850-11859. [PMID: 31884550 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07359-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The exhaust emissions from the compression ignition engines are harmful to both human beings and the environment. After-treatment devices placed in the exhaust are designed to reduce these emissions. These devices have significant conversion efficiency but have various drawbacks such as the cost and availability of the precious catalyst for catalytic converters. In this work, an emission reduction setup was developed that can reduce NO, HC, CO and smoke simultaneously. The emission reduction setup is based on the concept of an electrostatic precipitator (ESP) and plasma generation by corona discharge technique. Both diesel and waste cooking oil biodiesel (WCO) were separately used for the test. The results show that HC emissions at full load with ESP system reduced from 0.71 to 0.27 g/kWh for diesel and for WCO it reduced from 0.81 to 0.31 g/kWh. Similarly, the CO emissions reduced from 1.50 to 0.6 g/kWh for diesel and from 1.95 to 0.92 g/kWh for WCO. The smoke emission and NO emission were also reduced by 30.86 and 29.3% for diesel and WCO and 17 and 18% for diesel and WCO, respectively. However, the carbon dioxide emissions were found to increase as the HC and CO generated were also converted to CO2. The study shows that the emission reduction setup can effectively reduce the emissions without any effect on the engine performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Sonthalia
- Department of Automobile Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, NCR Campus, Modinagar, 201204, India.
- Centre for Advanced Studies and Research in Automotive Engineering, Delhi Technological University, Bawana Road, Delhi, 110042, India.
| | | | - Rishav Sharma
- Department of Automobile Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, NCR Campus, Modinagar, 201204, India
| | - Thiyagarajan Subramanian
- Green Vehicle Technology Research Centre, Department of Automobile Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603203, India
| | - Naveen Kumar
- Centre for Advanced Studies and Research in Automotive Engineering, Delhi Technological University, Bawana Road, Delhi, 110042, India
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Wen TY, Su JL. Corona discharge characteristics of cylindrical electrodes in a two-stage electrostatic precipitator. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03334. [PMID: 32095646 PMCID: PMC7033520 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrostatic precipitator (ESP) is an electrohydrodynamic-based air filter that charges particles based on corona discharge and collects particles by induced electrostatic forces. Inducing corona discharge requires strong electric fields that, however, bring reliability issues because of oxidation. This paper presents the characteristics of an ESP that uses the cylindrical corona electrodes whose longitudinal axis is perpendicular to the surface of the ground electrode. The characteristics include the current-voltage curve, the surface oxidation of the cylindrical corona electrodes, and the element analysis. The characteristics are presented with respect to the pitch and diameter of the cylindrical corona electrodes. The results show that the characteristics mentioned above can correlate to the electric fields around the cylindrical corona electrodes. Stronger electric field around the cylindrical corona electrode results in higher collection efficiency, more oxidation on the cylindrical corona electrode, and shorter life of the cylindrical corona electrode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsrong-Yi Wen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taiwan.,High Speed 3D Printing Research Center, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taiwan
| | - Jiann-Lin Su
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taiwan
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8
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Chen B, Li H, He Y, Liu B, Zhang L. Study on performance of electrostatic precipitator under multi-physics coupling. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:35023-35033. [PMID: 31664671 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06623-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A wire-plate electrostatic precipitator (ESP) is developed to analyze the particle transport characteristics and the influence of various factors on the performance of ESP. Above all, an experimental device is built to measure the current density distribution of the plates and obtain good consistency with the numerical simulation results, taking the ESP model established by COMSOL/Multiphysics as the numerical simulating object. Firstly, the electric field is solved by finite element method(FEM) to obtain the potential and charge density distribution. Then, the influence of secondary flow on the main flow at different flow velocities is explored. Finally, multi-physics coupling calculations show the influence of dust particle properties, electrode configuration, and operating conditions on ESP performance. The study found that the particle diameter is positively correlated with its charge, force, and motion, and the relative permittivity of the particles affects the collecting efficiency by affecting its charge difficulty. The wire-to-wire spacing is not proportional to collecting efficiency, when the spacing is 80 mm, the efficiency and the corona current can be maximized. Average electric field strength, corona current density, and current density distribution standard deviation satisfy the cubic function relationship. In addition, the effect of airflow velocity on collecting efficiency and particle precipitation is revealed. It provides a valuable basis for design and performance optimization of ESP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Hongjiao Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yuzhong He
- Zhejiang Feida Environmental Science & Technology Co., Ltd., Zhuji City, 311800, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Baiqian Liu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Lijie Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
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Sippula O, Huttunen K, Hokkinen J, Kärki S, Suhonen H, Kajolinna T, Kortelainen M, Karhunen T, Jalava P, Uski O, Yli-Pirilä P, Hirvonen MR, Jokiniemi J. Emissions from a fast-pyrolysis bio-oil fired boiler: Comparison of health-related characteristics of emissions from bio-oil, fossil oil and wood. Environ Pollut 2019; 248:888-897. [PMID: 30856504 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.02.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
There is currently great interest in replacing fossil-oil with renewable fuels in energy production. Fast pyrolysis bio-oil (FPBO) made of lignocellulosic biomass is one such alternative to replace fossil oil, such as heavy fuel oil (HFO), in energy boilers. However, it is not known how this fuel change will alter the quantity and quality of emissions affecting human health. In this work, particulate emissions from a real-scale commercially operated FPBO boiler plant are characterized, including extensive physico-chemical and toxicological analyses. These are then compared to emission characteristics of heavy fuel-oil and wood fired boilers. Finally, the effects of the fuel choice on the emissions, their potential health effects and the requirements for flue gas cleaning in small-to medium-sized boiler units are discussed. The total suspended particulate matter and fine particulate matter (PM1) concentrations in FPBO boiler flue gases before filtration were higher than in HFO boilers and lower or on a level similar to wood-fired grate boilers. FPBO particles consisted mainly of ash species and contained less polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and heavy metals than had previously been measured from HFO combustion. This feature was clearly reflected in the toxicological properties of FPBO particle emissions, which showed less acute toxicity effects on the cell line than HFO combustion particles. The electrostatic precipitator used in the boiler plant efficiently removed flue gas particles of all sizes. Only minor differences in the toxicological properties of particles upstream and downstream of the electrostatic precipitator were observed, when the same particulate mass from both situations was given to the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olli Sippula
- Fine Particle and Aerosol Technology Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistokatu 7, P. O. Box 111, FI-80101, Joensuu, Finland.
| | - Kati Huttunen
- Inhalation Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jouni Hokkinen
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 VTT, Espoo, Finland
| | - Sara Kärki
- Fortum Power and Heat, Keilaniementie 1, 02150, Espoo, Finland
| | - Heikki Suhonen
- Fine Particle and Aerosol Technology Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tuula Kajolinna
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 VTT, Espoo, Finland
| | - Miika Kortelainen
- Fine Particle and Aerosol Technology Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tommi Karhunen
- Fine Particle and Aerosol Technology Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Pasi Jalava
- Inhalation Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Oskari Uski
- Inhalation Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Pasi Yli-Pirilä
- Fine Particle and Aerosol Technology Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Maija-Riitta Hirvonen
- Inhalation Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jorma Jokiniemi
- Fine Particle and Aerosol Technology Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
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Qi L, Yao Y, Han T, Li J. Research on the electrostatic characteristic of coal-fired fly ash. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:7123-7131. [PMID: 30648236 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04166-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
China is the biggest consumer of coal. Every year, half or more of China's coal is used in the power industry. Most thermal power plants in China use electrostatic precipitators to treat solid particulate matter in flue gas. The efficiency of the electrostatic precipitator in removing dust has a considerable influence on atmospheric pollutants. However, the most important factor affecting the efficiency of the electrostatic precipitator in removing dust is the dielectric properties of the fly ash. Through the study of volt-ampere characteristics, electrical and capacitive properties, and electrical breakdown characteristics of coal-fired fly ash, it is found that the V-I characteristics of ash samples in thermal power plant do not strictly follow the formula ([Formula: see text]), the type of coal, and the chemistry of coal. Ingredients are related; disparate types of ash samples have disparate capacitances, and the measurement of capacitive contrast resistance has a certain influence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiang Qi
- Department of Environment Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding, 071003, China.
| | - Yuan Yao
- Department of Environment Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding, 071003, China
| | - Tianyi Han
- Department of Environment Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding, 071003, China
| | - Jintao Li
- Department of Environment Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding, 071003, China
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11
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Choi J, Kim HJ, Kim YJ, Kim SS, Jung JH. Novel electrostatic precipitator using unipolar soft X-ray charger for removing fine particles: Application to a dry de-NOX process. J Hazard Mater 2016; 303:48-54. [PMID: 26513563 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The novel electrostatic precipitator (ESP), consisting of a soft X-ray charger and a collection part, was demonstrated and applied to a dry de-NOX process to evaluate its performance in by-product particle removal. NOX gas was oxidized by ozone (O3) and neutralized by ammonia (NH3) sequentially, and finally converted to an ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) aerosol with ∼ 100-nm peak particle diameter. The unipolar soft X-ray charger was introduced for charging the by-product particles in this dry de-NOX process. For the highest particle collection efficiency, the optimal operating conditions of the soft X-ray charger and collection part were investigated by adjusting the applied voltage of each device. The results showed that ∼ 99% of NOX was removed when the O3/NOX ratio was increased to 2 (i.e., the maximum production conditions of the NH4NO3 by-product particles by the gas-to-particle conversion process). The highest removal efficiency of particle (∼ 90%) was observed with operating conditions of positive polarity and an applied voltage of ∼ 2-3 kV in the charger chamber. The unipolar soft X-ray charger has potential for particle removal systems in industrial settings because of its compact size, ease of operation, and non-interruptive charging mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongan Choi
- Center For Environment, Health, and Welfare Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea; Aerosol & Particle Technology Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak Joon Kim
- Environment and Energy Systems Research Division, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, 104 Sinseongno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Jin Kim
- Environment and Energy Systems Research Division, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, 104 Sinseongno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Soo Kim
- Aerosol & Particle Technology Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae Hee Jung
- Center For Environment, Health, and Welfare Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Zhang Y, Mo J, Li Y, Sundell J, Wargocki P, Zhang J, Little JC, Corsi R, Deng Q, Leung MH, Fang L, Chen W, Li J, Sun Y. Can commonly-used fan-driven air cleaning technologies improve indoor air quality? A literature review. Atmos Environ (1994) 2011; 45:4329-4343. [PMID: 32362761 PMCID: PMC7185562 DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2011] [Revised: 05/13/2011] [Accepted: 05/14/2011] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Air cleaning techniques have been applied worldwide with the goal of improving indoor air quality. The effectiveness of applying these techniques varies widely, and pollutant removal efficiency is usually determined in controlled laboratory environments which may not be realized in practice. Some air cleaners are largely ineffective, and some produce harmful by-products. To summarize what is known regarding the effectiveness of fan-driven air cleaning technologies, a state-of-the-art review of the scientific literature was undertaken by a multidisciplinary panel of experts from Europe, North America, and Asia with expertise in air cleaning, aerosol science, medicine, chemistry and ventilation. The effects on health were not examined. Over 26,000 articles were identified in major literature databases; 400 were selected as being relevant based on their titles and abstracts by the first two authors, who further reduced the number of articles to 160 based on the full texts. These articles were reviewed by the panel using predefined inclusion criteria during their first meeting. Additions were also made by the panel. Of these, 133 articles were finally selected for detailed review. Each article was assessed independently by two members of the panel and then judged by the entire panel during a consensus meeting. During this process 59 articles were deemed conclusive and their results were used for final reporting at their second meeting. The conclusions are that: (1) None of the reviewed technologies was able to effectively remove all indoor pollutants and many were found to generate undesirable by-products during operation. (2) Particle filtration and sorption of gaseous pollutants were among the most effective air cleaning technologies, but there is insufficient information regarding long-term performance and proper maintenance. (3) The existing data make it difficult to extract information such as Clean Air Delivery Rate (CADR), which represents a common benchmark for comparing the performance of different air cleaning technologies. (4) To compare and select suitable indoor air cleaning devices, a labeling system accounting for characteristics such as CADR, energy consumption, volume, harmful by-products, and life span is necessary. For that purpose, a standard test room and condition should be built and studied. (5) Although there is evidence that some air cleaning technologies improve indoor air quality, further research is needed before any of them can be confidently recommended for use in indoor environments.
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Key Words
- AC, activated carbon
- Air cleaner
- BTEX, benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, and xylene
- By-product
- CADR, clean air delivery rate
- CFM, cubic feet per minute
- Clean air delivery rate (CADR)
- DBD, dielectric barrier discharge
- EPA, Environmental Protection Agency
- ESP, electrostatic precipitator
- Electrostatic precipitator
- HEPA, high efficiency particulate air
- High efficiency particulate air (HEPA)
- IAQ, indoor air quality
- Indoor air quality (IAQ)
- Ion generator
- Ozone
- PCO, photocatalytic oxidation
- Photocatalytic oxidation (PCO)
- Plasma
- SOA, secondary organic aerosol
- SP, submicron particles
- SVOC, semi-volatile organic compound
- Sorption
- TCO, thermal catalytic oxidation
- TVOC, total volatile organic compound
- Thermal catalytic oxidation (TCO)
- UV-C, ultraviolet C, wavelength range: 280–100 nm
- UVGI, ultraviolet germicidal irradiation
- Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI)
- VOC, volatile organic compound
- WHO, World Health Organization
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinping Zhang
- Institute of Built Environment, Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinhan Mo
- Institute of Built Environment, Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuguo Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Jan Sundell
- Institute of Built Environment, Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- International Center for Indoor Environment and Energy, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark
| | - Pawel Wargocki
- International Center for Indoor Environment and Energy, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark
| | - Jensen Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Syracuse University, NY, USA
| | - John C. Little
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech., VA, USA
| | - Richard Corsi
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Qihong Deng
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Michael H.K. Leung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Lei Fang
- International Center for Indoor Environment and Energy, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark
| | - Wenhao Chen
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Syracuse University, NY, USA
| | - Jinguang Li
- Institute of Shanghai Building Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuexia Sun
- College of Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Texas at Tyler, 3900 University Blvd., Tyler, TX, USA
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