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Feng G, He J, Li Q, Bai M, Liu K, Liu X, Yi X, Liu Y, Luo L, Gao C. New Alkaloids and Steroids from Hydranth of Goniopora columna Corals and Their Inhibiting Lung Cancer Cell Activities. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202301993. [PMID: 38342755 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
A new alkaloids, aplysingoniopora A (1), and new configuration pregnane type steroid compound, 9,17-α-pregn-1,4,20-en-3-one (2), and two known pregnane type steroid compounds (3 and 4) were isolated from hydranth of Goniopora columna corals. The compounds structures and absolute configurations were determined by extensive spectroscopic analysis, MS data, single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis and quantum chemical calculation. The anticancer effect of the compounds were explored in human non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) A549 cell lines. As the results, the compound 3 and 4 induces toxicity and has proliferation inhibitory effects on A549 cells (IC50=58.99 μM and 58.77 μM, respectively) in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangfu Feng
- Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhe Road 13, 530200, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhe Road 13, 530200, Nanning, China
| | - Jieyi He
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Wenming East-Road 2, 524023, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Wenming East-Road 2, 524023, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiqi Li
- Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhe Road 13, 530200, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhe Road 13, 530200, Nanning, China
| | - Meng Bai
- Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhe Road 13, 530200, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhe Road 13, 530200, Nanning, China
| | - Kai Liu
- Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhe Road 13, 530200, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhe Road 13, 530200, Nanning, China
| | - Xinming Liu
- Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhe Road 13, 530200, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhe Road 13, 530200, Nanning, China
| | - Xiangxi Yi
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhe Road 13, 530200, Nanning, China
| | - Yonghong Liu
- Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhe Road 13, 530200, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhe Road 13, 530200, Nanning, China
| | - Lianxiang Luo
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Wenming East-Road 2, 524023, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Wenming East-Road 2, 524023, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Chenghai Gao
- Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhe Road 13, 530200, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhe Road 13, 530200, Nanning, China
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Chen YT, Ding DS, Lim YC, Dong CD, Hsieh SL. Combined toxicity of microplastics and copper on Goniopora columns. Environ Pollut 2024; 345:123515. [PMID: 38346639 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
As microplastics (MP) become ubiquitous, their interactions with heavy metals threatens the coral ecosystem. This study aimed to assess the combined toxicity of MP and copper (Cu) in the environment of coral. Goniopora columna was exposed to polyethylene microplastics (PE-MP) combined with Cu2+ at 10, 20, 50, 100, and 300 μg/L for 7 days. Polyp length and adaptability were recorded daily, and coral samples were collected at 1, 3, 5, and 7 days to analyse zooxanthellae density and antioxidant activity. Tissue observations and the analysis of MP and Cu2+ accumulation were conducted on the 7th day. After 1 day of exposure, PE-MP combined with different concentrations of Cu2+ significantly decreased polyp length and adaptability compared with PE-MP alone. Simultaneously, a significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) content, lead to coral oxidative stress, which was a combined effect with PE-MP. After 3 days of exposure, PE-MP combined with Cu2+ at >50 μg/L significantly reduced zooxanthellae density, damaging the coral's symbiotic relationship. In antioxidant enzyme activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity decreased significantly after 1 day of exposure. After 3 days of exposure, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity significantly increased with Cu2+ at >20 μg/L. After 5 days of exposure, PE-MP combined with different concentrations of Cu2+ significantly reduced catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), and glutathione transferase (GST) activity, disrupting the antioxidant enzyme system, and acting antagonistically to PE-MP alone. Tissue observations revealed that the PE-MP combined with Cu2+ at >50 μg/L caused severe mesenteric atrophy, vacuolar, and Cu2+ accumulation in the coral mesenteric compared with PE-MP alone. The results suggest that combined exposure of PE-MP and copper leads to more severe oxidative stress, disruption antioxidant enzyme system, tissue damage, and Cu2+ accumulation, resulting in a significant maladaptation of corals to the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ting Chen
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, 81157, Taiwan
| | - De-Sing Ding
- Department and Graduate Institute of Aquaculture, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, 81157, Taiwan
| | - Yee Cheng Lim
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, 81157, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Di Dong
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, 81157, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ling Hsieh
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, 81157, Taiwan.
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Hung CM, Chen CW, Huang CP, Hsieh SL, Dong CD. Ecological responses of coral reef to polyethylene microplastics in community structure and extracellular polymeric substances. Environ Pollut 2022; 307:119522. [PMID: 35640726 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The relationships and interactions between extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and microplastics (MPs) in coral reef ecosystems were symmetrically investigated. The current study aims to investigate the responses of scleractinian coral (Goniopora columna) to exposure of model MPs, exemplified by polyethylene (PE), in the size range of 40-48 μm as affected by MPs concentration of MP in the range between 0 and 300 mg L-1 for 14 days. The structure of EPS-associated microbial community was studied using a series of techniques including high-throughput sequencing of 16 S rRNA, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), hydrodynamic diameter, surface charge (via zeta potential), X-ray diffraction (XRD), attenuated total reflectance‒Fourier transform infrared (ATR‒FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (FEEM) spectroscopy. Microbial interactions between PE-MPs and coral caused aggregation and formation of EPS matrix, which resulted in increase and decrease in the relative abundance of Donghicola (Proteobacteria phylum) and Marivita (Proteobacteria phylum) in PE-MP-associated EPS, respectively. Particle size, electrostatic interactions, and complexation with the functional groups of the EPS-based matrix affected the humification index. FEEM spectroscopy analyses suggested the presence of humic- and fulvic-like fluorophores in EPS and dissolved organic matter (DOM) in PE-MP-derived DOM. The findings provided insights into the potential environmental implications of coral-based EPS and co-existing microbial assemblages due to EPS-PE-MP-microbiome interactions throughout the dynamic PE-MP exposure process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Mao Hung
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Wen Chen
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Pao Huang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, USA
| | - Shu-Ling Hsieh
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Di Dong
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.
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Chen YT, Ding DS, Lim YC, Singhania RR, Hsieh S, Chen CW, Hsieh SL, Dong CD. Impact of polyethylene microplastics on coral Goniopora columna causing oxidative stress and histopathology damages. Sci Total Environ 2022; 828:154234. [PMID: 35245553 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the increase of microplastics in the sea exerted a negative impact on coral health. This study has been undertaken to analyze the impact of microplastics on corals. Here, Goniopora columna was exposed to different concentrations of polyethylene microplastics (PE-MP). The daily polyps length and adaptability were recorded. Analysis of the zooxanthellae density and antioxidant activity of coral was done after 1, 3, 5 and 7 days. Further tissue morphology and accumulation of PE-MP were analyzed. The results showed that PE-MP at different concentrations can be adsorbed on the surface of corals and enter inside corals after 7 days. PE-MP at different concentrations reduced polyps length, adaptability and cause the changes in the density of zooxanthellae to be the reason for unbalancing of corals. PE-MP at different concentrations reduced the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity after exposure to 1 day. PE-MP increased the catalase (CAT) activity at 100 mg/L after exposure; even after reducing the concentration has the same effect. PE-MP at various concentrations increased the glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity after exposure to 5 and 7 days. It also increased the glutathione transferase (GST) and glutathione (GSH) activity after exposure to 5 and 7 days. PE-MP at different concentrations increased the malondialdehyde (MDA) content after exposure from 1 to 7 days. Analysis of tissue morphology and tissue accumulation shows that different concentrations of PE-MP cause mesenteric atrophy, vacuole, and accumulation in the coral mesenteric. These results indicate that the PE-MP can impact the antioxidant system and hampers the function of enzymes responsible for detoxification of G. columna, increase lipid peroxide content and also cause tissue damage through accumulating in the coral mesenteric.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ting Chen
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan
| | - De-Sing Ding
- Department and Graduate Institute of Aquaculture, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan
| | - Yee Cheng Lim
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan
| | - Reeta Rani Singhania
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan
| | - Shuchen Hsieh
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Wen Chen
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ling Hsieh
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan.
| | - Cheng-Di Dong
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan.
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Hung CM, Huang CP, Hsieh SL, Chen YT, Ding DS, Hsieh S, Chen CW, Dong CD. Exposure of Goniopora columna to polyethylene microplastics (PE-MPs): Effects of PE-MP concentration on extracellular polymeric substances and microbial community. Chemosphere 2022; 297:134113. [PMID: 35227744 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Although the pollution of coral reefs by microplastics (MPs) is an environmental problem of global significance, the effects of MP concentration on scleractinian corals remain largely underexplored. Herein, we exposed a representative scleractinian coral (Goniopora columna) to different concentrations (5-300 mg L-1) of polyethylene microplastics (PE-MPs; 40-48 μm) over seven days and evaluated the changes in microbial community and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) using fluorescence excitation-emission matrix spectroscopy and amplicon sequence variants (ASV). At a PE-MP concentration of 300 mg L-1, the relative abundance of Bacillus (Firmicutes phylum) and Ruegeria (Proteobacteria phylum) in PE-MP-associated EPS increased and decreased, respectively, while the effects of exposure depended on the particle size of the extracellular polymeric substance (EPS)-based matrix and the humification index. Humic- and fulvic-like substances were identified as critical EPS components produced by microbial activity. The results have shed new insights into short-term responses of G. columna during exposure to different PE-MP concentrations and reveal important coral-MP-microbiome interactions in coral reef ecosystems. Results demonstrated that the coral-MPs interactions should be further evaluated to gain a deeper understanding of the underlying ecotoxicological risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Mao Hung
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Pao Huang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, USA
| | - Shu-Ling Hsieh
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ting Chen
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - De-Sing Ding
- Department and Graduate Institute of Aquaculture, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Shuchen Hsieh
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Wen Chen
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.
| | - Cheng-Di Dong
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.
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Chu TW, Cheng CM, Cheng YR, Dong CD, Chuang CH, Pan CH, Sun WT, Ding DS. Evaluation of Clove Extract for Drug Therapy of Ciliate Infection in Coral ( Goniopora columna). Biology (Basel) 2022; 11:280. [PMID: 35205146 DOI: 10.3390/biology11020280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary In recent years, studies have found that coral infectious diseases are gradually spreading. Ciliate disease poses a serious threat to corals, and infected corals will fester and die within a short period of time. Clove is a traditional Chinese medicine. In this study, Clove extract was used to evaluate the treatment of ciliate diseases to achieve safety and to reduce the stress response of corals. Studies have shown that 1500 ppm clove extract can effectively treat ciliate parasitism, and does not affect coral zooxanthellae, chlorophyll a, or stress response. This extract has been successfully applied to a Taiwan coral king coral farm, which will have great significance for large-scale coral aquaculture. Abstract In recent years, ciliate infections have caused serious casualties to corals in the ocean. Infected corals die within a short period of time, which not only poses a threat to wild coral reefs, but also has a major impact on large scale aquaculture of coral. Clove is a kind of Chinese medicine with antifungal, antibacterial, antiviral, insecticidal, and other functions. Clove is a natural product. If it can be used in the treatment of coral ciliates, it will reduce this threat to the environment. The clove extract was diluted with sterile seawater to 500 ppm, 1500 ppm, 2500 ppm, 5000 ppm, 7500 ppm, and 10,000 ppm to carry out virulence test on ciliates. The results show that the LC50 value is 1500 ppm, which can cause the death of ciliates in 10 min without causing significant changes in G. columna SOD, CAT, chlorophyll a, and zooxanthellae. In addition, observation of tissue slices revealed that no ciliates and vacuum were found in the G. columna tissue after 10 min of medicated bathing. In summary, 1500 ppm of clove extract can be used for the treatment of coral ciliates.
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Cheng CM, Cheng YR, Ding DS, Chen YT, Sun WT, Pan CH. Effects of Ciliate Infection on the Activities of Two Antioxidant Enzymes (SOD and CAT) in Captive Coral ( Goniopora columna) and Evaluation of Drug Therapy. Biology (Basel) 2021; 10:1216. [PMID: 34827209 PMCID: PMC8614884 DOI: 10.3390/biology10111216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ciliate infection is a serious parasitic disease of coral. Infected coral rots and dies in a short time. In addition to killing corals by infecting them in the oceans, ciliate infection also poses a threat to corals farmed on a large scale. In this study, two antioxidant enzymes (SOD and CAT) were used to judge the stress response in Goniopora columna after infection, and KCl and H2O2 were used to evaluate the therapeutic effect. The results showed that SOD and CAT increased during the early stage of infection but decreased with the extension of infection time. In terms of drug therapy, it was found that the treatment of ciliate infection with 1.5% of KCl had no significant effect on SOD and CAT of G. columna. The morphological changes of zooxanthellae, chlorophyll a, and coral were not significant. H2O2 leads to a stress response and polyp contraction. In conclusion, 1.5% of KCl can be used in the selection of drugs to treat ciliate infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiu-Min Cheng
- Department and Graduate Institute of Aquaculture, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan; (C.-M.C.); (W.-T.S.); (C.-H.P.)
| | - Yu-Rong Cheng
- Department of Fisheries Production and Management, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan;
| | - De-Sing Ding
- Department and Graduate Institute of Aquaculture, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan; (C.-M.C.); (W.-T.S.); (C.-H.P.)
| | - Ya-Ting Chen
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan;
| | - Wei-Ting Sun
- Department and Graduate Institute of Aquaculture, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan; (C.-M.C.); (W.-T.S.); (C.-H.P.)
| | - Chih-Hung Pan
- Department and Graduate Institute of Aquaculture, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan; (C.-M.C.); (W.-T.S.); (C.-H.P.)
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Ding DS, Sun WT, Pan CH. Feeding of a Scleractinian Coral, Goniopora columna, on Microalgae, Yeast, and Artificial Feed in Captivity. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11113009. [PMID: 34827743 PMCID: PMC8614412 DOI: 10.3390/ani11113009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Coral aquaculture is an innovative and sustainable aquaculture industry. Coral husbandry can address ecological environment conservation needs and industrial demand for corals. Many previous studies have confirmed that corals also belong to heterotrophic organisms. Heterotrophic feeding is essential for overcoming nutrient deficiency. The preliminary results of this study indicate that Goniopora columna have high levels of proteases, and artificial feeds containing high protein can be used for feeding during aquaculture, which can increase the growth rate. In conclusion, we have initially explored that Goniopora columna will have better growth by feeding artificial PUFA rich in animal protein. In addition, the best feeding time is 6:00–12:00 in the morning, when there is better digestion and absorption. It is hoped that this research will be helpful to the development of coral aquaculture in the future. Abstract Nutritional requirements are critical in the process of coral aquaculture. In addition to energy from symbiotic algae, corals obtain sufficient nutrition through heterotrophic feeding. Microalgae and yeast are commonly used as nutritional supplements for many aquaculture organisms. In addition, if artificial feed can match or improve upon the nutritional supplementation provided by microalgae and yeast in the case of G. columna, then feeding this coral would be markedly easier. Hence, this article preliminarily discusses feeds suitable for G. columna. In this study, artificial PUFA rich in animal protein (R), Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Isochrysis galbana tml, and Nannochloropsis oculate were fed to G. columna at quantities of 5% and 10% of body weight. Growth, survival, body composition, and digestive enzymes were assessed. Regarding body composition, the coral’s protein content is higher than that of carbohydrate or fat; thus, evaluating the heterotrophic nutrition of G. columna by using protein absorption is appropriate. The protease content is also high in digestive enzymes. Protein content, protease activity, and specific growth rate were significantly higher in the R group than in other groups. The number of polyps in the groups fed R at 5% and 10% of body weight increased by 40.00 ± 2.43 and 47.33 ± 0.89 number, respectively, significantly greater increases than those achieved in the other groups (p < 0.05). Changes in body composition and digestive enzymes over a 24-h period were compared to determine the optimal feeding time. Protein content and protease activity increased markedly between 6:00 and 12:00. The experimental results suggest that R can improve the activity of G. columna digestive enzymes and their protein and lipid content in body tissue, shorten the cultivation time, and enhance the profitability of coral aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Sing Ding
- Ph.D. Program of Aquatic Science and Technology in Industry, College of Hydrosphere Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, No. 142, Haijhuan Rd., Nanzih District, Kaohsiung 811213, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
| | - Wei-Ting Sun
- Department and Graduate Institute of Aquaculture, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, No. 142, Haijhuan Rd., Nanzih District, Kaohsiung 811213, Taiwan; (W.-T.S.); (C.-H.P.)
| | - Chih-Hung Pan
- Department and Graduate Institute of Aquaculture, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, No. 142, Haijhuan Rd., Nanzih District, Kaohsiung 811213, Taiwan; (W.-T.S.); (C.-H.P.)
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Abstract
Transcriptomic resources for coral species can provide insight into coral evolutionary history and stress-response physiology. Goniopora columna, Galaxea astreata, and Galaxea acrhelia are scleractinian corals of the Indo-Pacific, representing a diversity of morphologies and life-history traits. G. columna and G. astreata are common and cosmopolitan, while G. acrhelia is largely restricted to the coral triangle and Great Barrier Reef. Reference transcriptomes for these species were assembled from replicate colony fragments exposed to elevated (31°C) and ambient (27°C) temperatures. Trinity was used to create de novo assemblies for each species from 92–102 million raw Illumina Hiseq 2 × 150 bp reads. Host-specific assemblies contained 65 460–72 405 contigs, representing 26 693–37 894 isogroups (∼genes) with an average N50 of 2254. Gene name and/or gene ontology annotations were possible for 58% of isogroups on average. Transcriptomes contained 93.1–94.3% of EuKaryotic Orthologous Groups comprising the core eukaryotic gene set, and 89.98–91.92% of the single-copy metazoan core gene set orthologs were complete, indicating fairly comprehensive assemblies. This work expands the complement of transcriptomic resources available for scleractinian coral species, including the first reference for a representative of Goniopora spp. as well as species with novel morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly D Kenkel
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB No 3, Townsville MC, Queensland 4810, Australia.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, 3616 Trousdale Parkway, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Line K Bay
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB No 3, Townsville MC, Queensland 4810, Australia
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Seveso D, Montano S, Reggente MAL, Maggioni D, Orlandi I, Galli P, Vai M. The cellular stress response of the scleractinian coral Goniopora columna during the progression of the black band disease. Cell Stress Chaperones 2017; 22:225-236. [PMID: 27988888 PMCID: PMC5352596 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-016-0756-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Black band disease (BBD) is a widespread coral pathology caused by a microbial consortium dominated by cyanobacteria, which is significantly contributing to the loss of coral cover and diversity worldwide. Since the effects of the BBD pathogens on the physiology and cellular stress response of coral polyps appear almost unknown, the expression of some molecular biomarkers, such as Hsp70, Hsp60, HO-1, and MnSOD, was analyzed in the apparently healthy tissues of Goniopora columna located at different distances from the infection and during two disease development stages. All the biomarkers displayed different levels of expression between healthy and diseased colonies. In the healthy corals, low basal levels were found stable over time in different parts of the same colony. On the contrary, in the diseased colonies, a strong up-regulation of all the biomarkers was observed in all the tissues surrounding the infection, which suffered an oxidative stress probably generated by the alternation, at the progression front of the disease, of conditions of oxygen supersaturation and hypoxia/anoxia, and by the production of the cyanotoxin microcystin by the BBD cyanobacteria. Furthermore, in the infected colonies, the expression of all the biomarkers appeared significantly affected by the development stage of the disease. In conclusion, our approach may constitute a useful diagnostic tool, since the cellular stress response of corals is activated before the pathogens colonize the tissues, and expands the current knowledge of the mechanisms controlling the host responses to infection in corals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Seveso
- Department of Biotechnologies and Biosciences, University of Milano - Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126, Milan, Italy.
- MaRHE Center (Marine Research and High Education Centre), Magoodhoo Island, Faafu Atoll, Republic of Maldives.
| | - Simone Montano
- Department of Biotechnologies and Biosciences, University of Milano - Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126, Milan, Italy
- MaRHE Center (Marine Research and High Education Centre), Magoodhoo Island, Faafu Atoll, Republic of Maldives
| | - Melissa Amanda Ljubica Reggente
- Department of Biotechnologies and Biosciences, University of Milano - Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126, Milan, Italy
- MaRHE Center (Marine Research and High Education Centre), Magoodhoo Island, Faafu Atoll, Republic of Maldives
| | - Davide Maggioni
- Department of Biotechnologies and Biosciences, University of Milano - Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126, Milan, Italy
- MaRHE Center (Marine Research and High Education Centre), Magoodhoo Island, Faafu Atoll, Republic of Maldives
| | - Ivan Orlandi
- Department of Biotechnologies and Biosciences, University of Milano - Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Galli
- Department of Biotechnologies and Biosciences, University of Milano - Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126, Milan, Italy
- MaRHE Center (Marine Research and High Education Centre), Magoodhoo Island, Faafu Atoll, Republic of Maldives
| | - Marina Vai
- Department of Biotechnologies and Biosciences, University of Milano - Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126, Milan, Italy
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