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Castillo-García A, Valenzuela PL, Saco-Ledo G, Carrera-Bastos P, Ruilope LM, Santos-Lozano A, Lucia A. Lifestyle and cardiovascular risk in working young adults: insights from a nationwide Spanish cohort. Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed) 2024:S1885-5857(24)00069-0. [PMID: 38423178 DOI: 10.1016/j.rec.2024.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES This study aimed to describe the cardiovascular risk profile of working young adults from Spain and its association with lifestyle. METHODS Participants (18-30 years) were recruited from a nationwide cohort of economically active adults insured by a large occupational risk prevention company, with data obtained from routine medical assessments. The participants were categorized as having an "unhealthy" cardiovascular risk profile based on the presence of prediabetes/diabetes, prehypertension/hypertension, or hypercholesterolemia, or a "healthy" profile if these conditions were completely absent. The association with lifestyle factors (weight, physical activity, sleeping characteristics, alcohol consumption, smoking) was assessed. RESULTS A total of 78 421 young adults (27±2 years, 36% female) were evaluated at baseline. The "unhealthy" cardiovascular risk profile was prevalent (18%) and inversely associated (OR, 0.64; 95%CI, 0.57-0.80) with an optimal lifestyle (normal weight, regular physical activity, no drinking/smoking, and good sleep). The latter condition was found in only 3.5% of the participants. On the other hand, prospective analyses in 44 776 participants (median follow-up=2 [range 2-5] years) showed that 2.0% transitioned from a "healthy" to an "unhealthy" profile. Being physically active (OR, 0.95; 95%CI, 0.81-0.99) and having a normal weight (OR, 0.61; 95%CI, 0.51-0.70) were associated with a lower likelihood of this transition. No consistent associations were found for other lifestyle factors. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors is high in economically active young Spanish adults. An unhealthy cardiovascular risk profile is inversely associated with an optimal lifestyle, but the latter is highly infrequent in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Castillo-García
- Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain. https://twitter.com/@adrian_science
| | - Pedro L Valenzuela
- Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Physical Activity and Health Research Group (PaHerg), Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Gonzalo Saco-Ledo
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Carrera-Bastos
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Centre for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Luis M Ruilope
- Grupo de Investigación Traslacional en Hipertensión y Enfermedad Cardiorrenal, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Santos-Lozano
- Physical Activity and Health Research Group (PaHerg), Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain; i+HeALTH Strategic Research Group, Universidad Europea Miguel de Cervantes, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Lucia
- Physical Activity and Health Research Group (PaHerg), Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain; Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Peruga A, Martínez C, Fu M, Ballbè M, Tigova O, Carnicer-Pont D, Fernández E. [Current use of electronic cigarettes among never smoker high school students]. Gac Sanit 2022; 36:433-438. [PMID: 35477507 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2022.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test whether electronic cigarettes use among secondary school students in Spain is associated with initiating nicotine use. METHOD Secondary analysis of the ESTUDES 2019 survey, a cross-sectional study conducted on a representative sample of students aged 14-18 years and selected students who had never smoked (n=16,705). We computed the prevalence and estimated the factors associated with current electronic cigarettes use (at least once in the month before the interview), with and without nicotine. RESULTS The prevalence of current electronic cigarettes use among students who have never smoked is 2.5% (95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 2.2-2.9). 0.1% (95%CI: 0.08-0.2) declared using liquids with nicotine at least sometimes and 2.4% (95%CI: 2.1-2.8) using liquids always without nicotine. Being male and under 17 years of age, reporting binge drinking behavior, and having regular friends who use cannabis, increases the probability of current use of electronic cigarettes. The latter two variables seem to act as contextual variables associated with electronic cigarettes use. CONCLUSIONS The percentage of Spanish never smoker students who currently use electronic cigarettes is lower than in neighboring countries, except for the United Kingdom. Only one in every 1000 Spanish students between 14 and 18 years old who have never smoked initiates the current use of nicotine with an electronic cigarette. However, we must monitor the evolution of this indicator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando Peruga
- Unidad de Control del Tabaco, Programa de Prevención y Control del Cáncer, Institut Català d'Oncologia-ICO, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona), España; Centro de Epidemiología y Políticas de Salud, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Lo Barnechea, Región Metropolitana, Chile; Grupo de Investigación en Control del Tabaco, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona), España; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, España
| | - Cristina Martínez
- Unidad de Control del Tabaco, Programa de Prevención y Control del Cáncer, Institut Català d'Oncologia-ICO, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona), España; Grupo de Investigación en Control del Tabaco, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona), España; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, España; Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona), España; Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, United States of America.
| | - Marcela Fu
- Unidad de Control del Tabaco, Programa de Prevención y Control del Cáncer, Institut Català d'Oncologia-ICO, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona), España; Grupo de Investigación en Control del Tabaco, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona), España; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, España; Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona), España
| | - Montse Ballbè
- Unidad de Control del Tabaco, Programa de Prevención y Control del Cáncer, Institut Català d'Oncologia-ICO, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona), España; Grupo de Investigación en Control del Tabaco, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona), España; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, España; Unidad de Adicciones, Servicio de Psiquiatría, Instituto de Neurociencias, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
| | - Olena Tigova
- Unidad de Control del Tabaco, Programa de Prevención y Control del Cáncer, Institut Català d'Oncologia-ICO, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona), España; Grupo de Investigación en Control del Tabaco, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona), España; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, España; Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona), España
| | - Dolors Carnicer-Pont
- Unidad de Control del Tabaco, Programa de Prevención y Control del Cáncer, Institut Català d'Oncologia-ICO, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona), España; Grupo de Investigación en Control del Tabaco, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona), España
| | - Esteve Fernández
- Unidad de Control del Tabaco, Programa de Prevención y Control del Cáncer, Institut Català d'Oncologia-ICO, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona), España; Grupo de Investigación en Control del Tabaco, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona), España; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, España; Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona), España
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de Miguel Álvarez A. [On pornography and sexual education: Can "sex" legitimate humiliation and violence?]. Gac Sanit 2020; 35:379-382. [PMID: 32173052 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2020.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this article is to argue for the need and urgency to open an interdisciplinary debate on the goals of critical sexual education. From a philosophical and gender approach, the consequences of generalized online access to pornography, a profitable business, are analyzed as a school of sexuality for youth. The article deals with the violence and misogyny of many of the most visited contents and poses two hypothesis to debate. Firstly, pornography is subject to a process of erotizing violence, which may become a new space of legitimization of inequality between female and male teenagers. Secondly, a mismatch exists between the expectations of female and male teenagers regarding what a good sexual life is. Movements such as Me too and Cuéntalo as well as social polarization over trials like that of "the herd" would confirm such a mismatch. The conclusions reflect on the contradictions in societies, committed to equality, which increasingly tolerate less sexual abuse and aggression and at the same time are becoming more tolerant towards pornographic contents freely accessed by young people as a school of misogyny and violence. Some of the most serious consequences of those contradictions are dealt with by way of three current examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana de Miguel Álvarez
- Departamento de Economía Aplicada I, Historia e Instituciones Económicas y Filosofía Moral, Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, España.
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Abokyi S, Ilechie A, Nsiah P, Darko-Takyi C, Abu EK, Osei-Akoto YJ, Youfegan-Baanam M. Visual impairment attributable to uncorrected refractive error and other causes in the Ghanaian youth: The University of Cape Coast Survey. J Optom 2016; 9:64-70. [PMID: 26025809 PMCID: PMC4705321 DOI: 10.1016/j.optom.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the prevalence of visual impairment attributable to refractive error and other causes in a youthful Ghanaian population. METHODS A prospective survey of all consecutive visits by first-year tertiary students to the Optometry clinic between August, 2013 and April, 2014. Of the 4378 first-year students aged 16-39 years enumerated, 3437 (78.5%) underwent the eye examination. The examination protocol included presenting visual acuity (PVA), ocular motility, and slit-lamp examination of the external eye, anterior segment and media, and non-dilated fundus examination. Pinhole acuity and fundus examination were performed when the PVA≤6/12 in one or both eyes to determine the principal cause of the vision loss. RESULTS The mean age of participants was 21.86 years (95% CI: 21.72-21.99). The prevalence of bilateral visual impairment (BVI; PVA in the better eye ≤6/12) and unilateral visual impairment UVI; PVA in the worse eye ≤6/12) were 3.08% (95% CI: 2.56-3.72) and 0.79% (95% CI: 0.54-1.14), respectively. Among 106 participants with BVI, refractive error (96.2%) and corneal opacity (3.8%) were the causes. Of the 27 participants with UVI, refractive error (44.4%), maculopathy (18.5%) and retinal disease (14.8%) were the major causes. There was unequal distribution of BVI in the different age groups, with those above 20 years having a lesser burden. CONCLUSION Eye screening and provision of affordable spectacle correction to the youth could be timely to eliminate visual impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Abokyi
- Department of Optometry, School of Physical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Central Region, Ghana.
| | - Alex Ilechie
- Department of Optometry, School of Physical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Central Region, Ghana
| | - Peter Nsiah
- Department of Optometry, School of Physical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Central Region, Ghana
| | - Charles Darko-Takyi
- Department of Optometry, School of Physical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Central Region, Ghana
| | - Emmanuel Kwasi Abu
- Department of Optometry, School of Physical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Central Region, Ghana
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