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Wieck MM, Schlieve CR, Thornton ME, Fowler KL, Isani M, Grant CN, Hilton AE, Hou X, Grubbs BH, Frey MR, Grikscheit TC. Prolonged Absence of Mechanoluminal Stimulation in Human Intestine Alters the Transcriptome and Intestinal Stem Cell Niche. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 3:367-388.e1. [PMID: 28462379 PMCID: PMC5403975 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2016.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS For patients with short-bowel syndrome, intestinal adaptation is required to achieve enteral independence. Although adaptation has been studied extensively in animal models, little is known about this process in human intestine. We hypothesized that analysis of matched specimens with and without luminal flow could identify new potential therapeutic pathways. METHODS Fifteen paired human ileum samples were collected from children aged 2-20 months during ileostomy-reversal surgery after short-segment intestinal resection and diversion. The segment exposed to enteral feeding was denoted as fed, and the diverted segment was labeled as unfed. Morphometrics and cell differentiation were compared histologically. RNA Sequencing and Gene Ontology Enrichment Analysis identified over-represented and under-represented pathways. Immunofluorescence staining and Western blot evaluated proteins of interest. Paired data were compared with 1-tailed Wilcoxon rank-sum tests with a P value less than .05 considered significant. RESULTS Unfed ileum contained shorter villi, shallower crypts, and fewer Paneth cells. Genes up-regulated by the absence of mechanoluminal stimulation were involved in digestion, metabolism, and transport. Messenger RNA expression of LGR5 was significantly higher in unfed intestine, accompanied by increased levels of phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 protein, and CCND1 and C-MYC messenger RNA. However, decreased proliferation and fewer LGR5+, OLFM4+, and SOX9+ intestinal stem cells (ISCs) were observed in unfed ileum. CONCLUSIONS Even with sufficient systemic caloric intake, human ileum responds to the chronic absence of mechanoluminal stimulation by up-regulating brush-border enzymes, transporters, structural genes, and ISC genes LGR5 and ASCL2. These data suggest that unfed intestine is primed to replenish the ISC population upon re-introduction of enteral feeding. Therefore, the elucidation of pathways involved in these processes may provide therapeutic targets for patients with intestinal failure. RNA sequencing data are available at Gene Expression Omnibus series GSE82147.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minna M. Wieck
- Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Saban Research Institute, Los Angeles, California,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Christopher R. Schlieve
- Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Saban Research Institute, Los Angeles, California,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Matthew E. Thornton
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kathryn L. Fowler
- Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Saban Research Institute, Los Angeles, California
| | - Mubina Isani
- Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Saban Research Institute, Los Angeles, California,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Christa N. Grant
- Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Saban Research Institute, Los Angeles, California,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ashley E. Hilton
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Xiaogang Hou
- Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Saban Research Institute, Los Angeles, California
| | - Brendan H. Grubbs
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Mark R. Frey
- Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Saban Research Institute, Los Angeles, California,Department of Pediatrics and Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Tracy C. Grikscheit
- Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Saban Research Institute, Los Angeles, California,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California,Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Tracy C. Grikscheit, MD, The Saban Research Institute, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, 4650 W Sunset Boulevard, MS#100, Los Angeles, California 90027. fax: (323) 361-1546.The Saban Research InstituteChildren’s Hospital Los Angeles4650 W Sunset BoulevardMS#100Los AngelesCalifornia 90027
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