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Baumard J, De Sousa E, Roy V, Deschamps L, Iodice P, Osiurak F, Brisson J. Grip selection without tool knowledge: end-state comfort effect in familiar and novel tool use. Exp Brain Res 2023; 241:1989-2000. [PMID: 37382668 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-023-06655-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
A well-known phenomenon for the study of movement planning is the end-state comfort (ESC) effect: When they reach and grasp tools, individuals tend to adopt uncomfortable initial hand postures if that allows a subsequent comfortable final posture. In the context of tool use, this effect is modulated by tool orientation, task goal, and cooperation. However, the cognitive bases of the ESC effect remain unclear. The goal of this study was to determine the contribution of semantic tool knowledge and technical reasoning to movement planning, by testing whether the ESC effect typically observed with familiar tools would also be observed with novel tools. Twenty-six participants were asked to reach and grasp familiar and novel tools under varying conditions (i.e., tool's handle downward vs. upward; tool transport vs. use; solo vs. cooperation). In our findings, the effects of tool orientation, task goal and cooperation were replicated with novel tools. It follows that semantic tool knowledge is not critical for the ESC effect to occur. In fact, we found an "habitual" effect: Participant adopted uncomfortable grips with familiar tools even when it was not necessary (i.e., to transport them), probably because of the interference of habitual movement programming with actual movement programming. A cognitive view of movement planning is proposed, according to which goal comprehension (1) may rely on semantic tool knowledge, technical reasoning, and/or social skills, (2) defines end-state configuration, which in turn (3) calibrates beginning-state comfort and hence the occurrence of the ESC effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josselin Baumard
- Univ Rouen Normandie, CRFDP UR 7475, F-76000, Rouen, France.
- Centre de Recherche Sur Les Fonctionnements et Dysfonctionnements Psychologiques (EA 7475), Place Emile Blondel, Bât. Freinet, Bureau F113, 76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France.
| | | | - Vincent Roy
- Univ Rouen Normandie, CRFDP UR 7475, F-76000, Rouen, France
| | - Loïc Deschamps
- Univ Rouen Normandie, CRFDP UR 7475, F-76000, Rouen, France
| | - Pierpaolo Iodice
- CETAPS Lab., University of Rouen Normandy, Boulevard Siegfried, 76821, Mont Saint Aignan Cedex, France
- Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, National Research Council, Via S. Martino Della Battaglia, 44, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - François Osiurak
- Laboratoire d'Étude Des Mécanismes Cognitifs, Université de Lyon, 5 Avenue Pierre Mendès France, 69676, Bron Cedex, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, 1 Rue Descartes, 75231, Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - Julie Brisson
- Univ Rouen Normandie, CRFDP UR 7475, F-76000, Rouen, France
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Bahadori M, Rasti J, Craig CM, Cesari P, Emadi Andani M. General tau theory as a model to evaluate audiovisual interplay in interceptive actions. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2023; 235:103897. [PMID: 37003021 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2023.103897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
When interacting with the environment, sensory information is essential to guide movements. Picking up the appropriate sensory information (both visual and auditory) about the progression of an event is required to reach the right place at the right time. In this study, we aimed to see if general tau theory could explain the audiovisual guidance of movement in interceptive action (an interception task). The specific contributions of auditory and visual sensory information were tested by timing synchronous and asynchronous audiovisual interplays in successful interceptive trials. The performance was computed by using the tau-coupling model for information-movement guidance. Our findings revealed that while the auditory contribution to movement guidance did change across conditions, the visual contribution remained constant. In addition, when comparing the auditory and visual contributions, the results revealed a significant decrease in the auditory compared to the visual contribution in just one of the asynchronous conditions where the visual target was presented after the sound. This may be because more attention was drawn to the visual information, resulting in a decrease in the auditory guidance of movement. To summarize, our findings reveal how tau-coupling can be used to disentangle the relative contributions of the visual and auditory sensory modalities in movement planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Bahadori
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Javad Rasti
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Cathy M Craig
- School of Psychology, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Paola Cesari
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Mehran Emadi Andani
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
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3
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Ben Yair N, Wilf M, Bahat Y, Plotnik M. Studying cognitive-motor interactions using a tablet-based application of the Color Trails Test. Exp Brain Res 2023; 241:1065-1075. [PMID: 36853381 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-022-06531-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
The Color Trails Test (CTT) is a pen and paper (P&P) test designed to measure cognitive function. The test consists of two parts that evaluate primarily sustained visual attention (Trails A) and divided attention (Trails B). Based on clinical interest in converting neuropsychological testing from P&P to computerized testing, we developed a digital version of the CTT ('Tablet-CTT'). Twenty-four young, healthy participants performed Trails A and B of both the original P&P and the Tablet-CTT. Hand kinematics were calculated using the continuous location of an electronic pen on the tablet touch screen. To compare motor control aspects, we differentiated for each test session the 'movement planning' and 'movement execution' times (accumulated across all single target-to-target trajectories). Concurrent validity was demonstrated by the high correlation between completion times of the P&P and Tablet-CTT, in both Trails A (r = 0.6; p < 0.005) and Trails B (r = 0.8; p < 0.001). Trails B yielded significantly longer completion times in both formats (p < 0.001). Examining hand kinematics in Tablet-CTT revealed that the difference in durations was mostly due to prolonged planning time, but also due to significantly lower execution velocity in Trails B (p < 0.001). Lastly, we found increased hand velocity during the planning phase in Trails B compared to Trails A (p < 0.001). This study demonstrates how transforming the CTT to a digital platform could be useful for studying cognitive-motor interactions in healthy individuals. Moreover, it could potentially serve as a diagnosis tool by introducing a more comprehensive testing method that incorporates online recordings of hand movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noa Ben Yair
- Center of Advanced Technologies in Rehabilitation, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Meytal Wilf
- Center of Advanced Technologies in Rehabilitation, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yotam Bahat
- Center of Advanced Technologies in Rehabilitation, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Meir Plotnik
- Center of Advanced Technologies in Rehabilitation, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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Ilardi CR, Iavarone A, La Marra M, Iachini T, Chieffi S. Hand movements in Mild Cognitive Impairment: clinical implications and insights for future research. J Integr Neurosci 2022; 21:67. [PMID: 35364655 DOI: 10.31083/j.jin2102067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Decreased upper-extremity/visuomotor abilities are frequently encountered in healthy aging. However, few studies have assessed hand movements in the prodromal stage of dementia. The evaluation of visuomotor skills in patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment (PwMCI) may have non-negligible clinical relevance both in diagnostic and prognostic terms, given the strong relationships with executive functioning and functional autonomies. In the present review paper, these issues will be disclosed by describing general pathophysiological and neuropsychological mechanisms responsible for visuomotor deficits, and by reporting the available experimental results on differences in visuomotor functioning between PwMCI, healthy controls and/or patients with dementia. Moreover, the relationships binding visuomotor and executive domains to functional autonomies will be then addressed. Finally, we will propose insights for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciro Rosario Ilardi
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Alessandro Iavarone
- Neurological Unit, CTO Hospital, AORN "Ospedali Dei Colli", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Marco La Marra
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Tina Iachini
- Laboratory of Cognitive Science and Immersive Virtual Reality, Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Sergio Chieffi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
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Bahadori M, Cesari P, Craig C, Andani ME. Spinal reflexive movement follows general tau theory. BMC Neurosci 2021; 22:23. [PMID: 33794775 PMCID: PMC8015145 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-021-00626-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tau theory explains how both intrinsically and perceptually guided movements are controlled by the brain. According to general tau theory, voluntary, self-paced human movements are controlled by coupling the tau of the movement (i.e., the rate of closure of the movement gap at its current closure rate) onto an intrinsically generated tau-guide (Lee in Ecol Psychol 10:221–250, 1998). To date there are no studies that have looked at involuntary movements, which are directly guided by innate patterns of neural energy generated at the level of the spinal cord or brain, and that can be explained by general tau theory. This study examines the guidance of an involuntary movement generated by the Patellar reflex in presence of a minimized gravitational field. Results The results showed that the Patellar reflexive movement is strongly coupled to an intrinsic tau-guide particularly when the limb is not moving in the direction of gravity. Conclusion These results suggest that the same principles of control underpin both voluntary and involuntary movements irrespective of whether they are generated in the brain or the spinal cord. Secondly, given that movements like the patellar reflex are visible from infancy, one might conclude that tau-guidance is an innate form of motor control, or neural blueprint, that has evolved over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Bahadori
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Via Casorati 43, 37131, Verona, Italy
| | - Paola Cesari
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Via Casorati 43, 37131, Verona, Italy.
| | - Cathy Craig
- School of Psychology, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland
| | - Mehran Emadi Andani
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Via Casorati 43, 37131, Verona, Italy. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
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Modersitzki R, Studenka BE. The influence of time constraints on posture choices during an end-state comfort task. Hum Mov Sci 2020; 71:102618. [PMID: 32452435 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2020.102618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
People adopt comfortable postures for the end states of motor actions (end-state comfort; Rosenbaum & Jorgensen, 1992). The choice to end comfortably often elicits adoption of uncomfortable beginning states, demonstrating that a sequence of movement is planned in advance of movement onset. Many factors influence the choice of comfortable end-state postures including the greater precision and speed afforded by postures at joint angle mid-ranges (Short & Cauraugh, 1999). To date, there has been little evaluation of the hypothesis that postures are chosen based on minimizing the time spent in uncomfortable postures. The aim of this experiment was to examine how the relative time required to hold beginning and end-state postures influenced the choice of posture. Participants moved a two-toned wooden dowel from one location to another with the requirement to grasp the object and place a specified color down. Participants completed four conditions where no postures were held, only one posture was held, or both postures were held. We predicted more thumb-up postures for positions held longer regardless of whether these postures were at the end or beginning state. Results verified that the constraint of holding the initial posture led to decreased end-state comfort supporting the hypothesis that estimation of time spent in postures is an important constraint in planning. We also note marked individual differences in posture choices, particularly when the object was moved to the left.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Modersitzki
- Utah State University, Department of Kinesiology and Health Science, 7000 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322, United States of America
| | - Breanna E Studenka
- Utah State University, Department of Kinesiology and Health Science, 7000 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322, United States of America.
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Hansen E, Grimme B, Reimann H, Schöner G. Anticipatory coarticulation in non-speeded arm movements can be motor-equivalent, carry-over coarticulation always is. Exp Brain Res 2018; 236:1293-1307. [PMID: 29492588 PMCID: PMC5937898 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-018-5215-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
In a sequence of arm movements, any given segment could be influenced by its predecessors (carry-over coarticulation) and by its successor (anticipatory coarticulation). To study the interdependence of movement segments, we asked participants to move an object from an initial position to a first and then on to a second target location. The task involved ten joint angles controlling the three-dimensional spatial path of the object and hand. We applied the principle of the uncontrolled manifold (UCM) to analyze the difference between joint trajectories that either affect (non-motor equivalent) or do not affect (motor equivalent) the hand's trajectory in space. We found evidence for anticipatory coarticulation that was distributed equally in the two directions in joint space. We also found strong carry-over coarticulation, which showed clear structure in joint space: More of the difference between joint configurations observed for different preceding movements lies in directions in joint space that leaves the hand's path in space invariant than in orthogonal directions in joint space that varies the hand's path in space. We argue that the findings are consistent with anticipatory coarticulation reflecting processes of movement planning that lie at the level of the hand's trajectory in space. Carry-over coarticulation may reflect primarily processes of motor control that are governed by the principle of the UCM, according to which changes that do not affect the hand's trajectory in space are not actively delimited. Two follow-up experiments zoomed in on anticipatory coarticulation. These experiments strengthened evidence for anticipatory coarticulation. Anticipatory coarticulation was motor-equivalent when visual information supported the steering of the object to its first target, but was not motor equivalent when that information was removed. The experiments showed that visual updating of the hand's path in space when the object approaches the first target only affected the component of the joint difference vector orthogonal to the UCM, consistent with the UCM principle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Hansen
- Institut für Neuroinformatik, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Britta Grimme
- Institut für Neuroinformatik, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Hendrik Reimann
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, USA
| | - Gregor Schöner
- Institut für Neuroinformatik, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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Ariani G, Oosterhof NN, Lingnau A. Time-resolved decoding of planned delayed and immediate prehension movements. Cortex 2017; 99:330-345. [PMID: 29334647 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Different contexts require us either to react immediately, or to delay (or suppress) a planned movement. Previous studies that aimed at decoding movement plans typically dissociated movement preparation and execution by means of delayed-movement paradigms. Here we asked whether these results can be generalized to the planning and execution of immediate movements. To directly compare delayed, non-delayed, and suppressed reaching and grasping movements, we used a slow event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) design. To examine how neural representations evolved throughout movement planning, execution, and suppression, we performed time-resolved multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA). During the planning phase, we were able to decode upcoming reaching and grasping movements in contralateral parietal and premotor areas. During the execution phase, we were able to decode movements in a widespread bilateral network of motor, premotor, and somatosensory areas. Moreover, we obtained significant decoding across delayed and non-delayed movement plans in contralateral primary motor cortex. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of time-resolved MVPA and provide new insights into the dynamics of the prehension network, suggesting early neural representations of movement plans in the primary motor cortex that are shared between delayed and non-delayed contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Ariani
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences (CIMeC), University of Trento, Italy.
| | | | - Angelika Lingnau
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences (CIMeC), University of Trento, Italy; Department of Psychology & Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Italy; Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway University of London, United Kingdom
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9
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Moehler T, Fiehler K. Inhibition in movement plan competition: reach trajectories curve away from remembered and task-irrelevant present but not from task-irrelevant past visual stimuli. Exp Brain Res 2017; 235:3251-3260. [PMID: 28765992 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-017-5051-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The current study investigated the role of automatic encoding and maintenance of remembered, past, and present visual distractors for reach movement planning. The previous research on eye movements showed that saccades curve away from locations actively kept in working memory and also from task-irrelevant perceptually present visual distractors, but not from task-irrelevant past distractors. Curvature away has been associated with an inhibitory mechanism resolving the competition between multiple active movement plans. Here, we examined whether reach movements underlie a similar inhibitory mechanism and thus show systematic modulation of reach trajectories when the location of a previously presented distractor has to be (a) maintained in working memory or (b) ignored, or (c) when the distractor is perceptually present. Participants performed vertical reach movements on a computer monitor from a home to a target location. Distractors appeared laterally and near or far from the target (equidistant from central fixation). We found that reaches curved away from the distractors located close to the target when the distractor location had to be memorized and when it was perceptually present, but not when the past distractor had to be ignored. Our findings suggest that automatically encoding present distractors and actively maintaining the location of past distractors in working memory evoke a similar response competition resolved by inhibition, as has been previously shown for saccadic eye movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Moehler
- Experimental Psychology, Justus-Liebig-University, Otto-Behaghel Str. 10F, 35394, Giessen, Germany
| | - Katja Fiehler
- Experimental Psychology, Justus-Liebig-University, Otto-Behaghel Str. 10F, 35394, Giessen, Germany.
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10
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Mathew H, Kunde W, Herbort O. Inverting the planning gradient: adjustment of grasps to late segments of multi-step object manipulations. Exp Brain Res 2017; 235:1397-1409. [PMID: 28233050 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-017-4892-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
When someone grasps an object, the grasp depends on the intended object manipulation and usually facilitates it. If several object manipulation steps are planned, the first step has been reported to primarily determine the grasp selection. We address whether the grasp can be aligned to the second step, if the second step's requirements exceed those of the first step. Participants grasped and rotated a dial first by a small extent and then by various extents in the opposite direction, without releasing the dial. On average, when the requirements of the first and the second step were similar, participants mostly aligned the grasp to the first step. When the requirements of the second step were considerably higher, participants aligned the grasp to the second step, even though the first step still had a considerable impact. Participants employed two different strategies. One subgroup initially aligned the grasp to the first step and then ceased adjusting the grasp to either step. Another group also initially aligned the grasp to the first step and then switched to aligning it primarily to the second step. The data suggest that participants are more likely to switch to the latter strategy when they experienced more awkward arm postures. In summary, grasp selections for multi-step object manipulations can be aligned to the second object manipulation step, if the requirements of this step clearly exceed those of the first step and if participants have some experience with the task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Mathew
- Department of Psychology, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, 97070, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Wilfried Kunde
- Department of Psychology, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, 97070, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Herbort
- Department of Psychology, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, 97070, Würzburg, Germany.
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11
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Puntiroli M, Tandonnet C, Kerzel D, Born S. Race to accumulate evidence for few and many saccade alternatives: an exception to speed-accuracy trade-off. Exp Brain Res 2017; 235:507-15. [PMID: 27787583 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-016-4804-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Hick's law states that increasing the number of response alternatives increases reaction time. Lawrence and colleagues report an exception to the law, whereby more alternatives lead to shorter saccadic reaction times (SRTs). Usher and McClelland (Psychol Rev 108(3):550-592. doi: 10.1037/0033-295X.108.3.550 , 2001) predict such an anti-Hick's effect when accuracy is not prioritized in a task, which should result in higher error rates with more response alternatives, and in turn to a shorter right tail of the SRT distribution. In the current study, we aim to replicate the original controversial findings and we compare them to these predictions by examining error rates and SRT distributions. Two experiments were conducted where participants made rapid eye movements to one of few or many alternatives. In Experiment 1, the saccade target was an onset and participants started either with few or many possible target locations and then alternated between conditions. An anti-Hick's effect emerged only when participants had started with a small set-size block. In Experiment 2, placeholders were displayed at the possible target locations and independent groups were used. A reliable anti-Hick's effect in SRTs was observed. However, results did not meet the stated predictions: anticipations and false direction errors were never more frequent when the set size was larger and SRT differences between the two set-size conditions were not more pronounced at the slower end of the distributions. In line with Lawrence and colleagues, we speculate that initial motor preparation, and the subsequent inhibition to counteract a premature response, may induce the anti-Hick's effect.
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Daliri A, Max L. Electrophysiological evidence for a general auditory prediction deficit in adults who stutter. Brain Lang 2015; 150:37-44. [PMID: 26335995 PMCID: PMC4663101 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2015.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
We previously found that stuttering individuals do not show the typical auditory modulation observed during speech planning in nonstuttering individuals. In this follow-up study, we further elucidate this difference by investigating whether stuttering speakers' atypical auditory modulation is observed only when sensory predictions are based on movement planning or also when predictable auditory input is not a consequence of one's own actions. We recorded 10 stuttering and 10 nonstuttering adults' auditory evoked potentials in response to random probe tones delivered while anticipating either speaking aloud or hearing one's own speech played back and in a control condition without auditory input (besides probe tones). N1 amplitude of nonstuttering speakers was reduced prior to both speaking and hearing versus the control condition. Stuttering speakers, however, showed no N1 amplitude reduction in either the speaking or hearing condition as compared with control. Thus, findings suggest that stuttering speakers have general auditory prediction difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayoub Daliri
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Ludo Max
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Haskins Laboratories, New Haven, CT, United States.
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13
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Milekovic T, Truccolo W, Grün S, Riehle A, Brochier T. Local field potentials in primate motor cortex encode grasp kinetic parameters. Neuroimage 2015; 114:338-55. [PMID: 25869861 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Reach and grasp kinematics are known to be encoded in the spiking activity of neuronal ensembles and in local field potentials (LFPs) recorded from primate motor cortex during movement planning and execution. However, little is known, especially in LFPs, about the encoding of kinetic parameters, such as forces exerted on the object during the same actions. We implanted two monkeys with microelectrode arrays in the motor cortical areas MI and PMd to investigate encoding of grasp-related parameters in motor cortical LFPs during planning and execution of reach-and-grasp movements. We identified three components of the LFP that modulated during grasps corresponding to low (0.3-7Hz), intermediate (~10-~40Hz) and high (~80-250Hz) frequency bands. We show that all three components can be used to classify not only grip types but also object loads during planning and execution of a grasping movement. In addition, we demonstrate that all three components recorded during planning or execution can be used to continuously decode finger pressure forces and hand position related to the grasping movement. Low and high frequency components provide similar classification and decoding accuracies, which were substantially higher than those obtained from the intermediate frequency component. Our results demonstrate that intended reach and grasp kinetic parameters are encoded in multiple LFP bands during both movement planning and execution. These findings also suggest that the LFP is a reliable signal for the control of parameters related to object load and applied pressure forces in brain-machine interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomislav Milekovic
- Bernstein Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK; Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Wilson Truccolo
- Department of Neuroscience and Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA; Center for Neurorestoration and Neurotechnology, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
| | - Sonja Grün
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-6), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Institute of for Advanced Simulation (IAS-6), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Theoretical Systems Neurobiology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Riken Brain Science Institute, Wako-Shi, Japan.
| | - Alexa Riehle
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, CNRS-AMU, Marseille, France; Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-6), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Riken Brain Science Institute, Wako-Shi, Japan.
| | - Thomas Brochier
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, CNRS-AMU, Marseille, France.
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14
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Daliri A, Max L. Modulation of auditory processing during speech movement planning is limited in adults who stutter. Brain Lang 2015; 143:59-68. [PMID: 25796060 PMCID: PMC4380808 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Stuttering is associated with atypical structural and functional connectivity in sensorimotor brain areas, in particular premotor, motor, and auditory regions. It remains unknown, however, which specific mechanisms of speech planning and execution are affected by these neurological abnormalities. To investigate pre-movement sensory modulation, we recorded 12 stuttering and 12 nonstuttering adults' auditory evoked potentials in response to probe tones presented prior to speech onset in a delayed-response speaking condition vs. no-speaking control conditions (silent reading; seeing nonlinguistic symbols). Findings indicate that, during speech movement planning, the nonstuttering group showed a statistically significant modulation of auditory processing (reduced N1 amplitude) that was not observed in the stuttering group. Thus, the obtained results provide electrophysiological evidence in support of the hypothesis that stuttering is associated with deficiencies in modulating the cortical auditory system during speech movement planning. This specific sensorimotor integration deficiency may contribute to inefficient feedback monitoring and, consequently, speech dysfluencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayoub Daliri
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Now at Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ludo Max
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Haskins Laboratories, New Haven, CT, United States.
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15
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Kobak EM, Cardoso de Oliveira S. There and back again: putting the vectorial movement planning hypothesis to a critical test. PeerJ 2014; 2:e342. [PMID: 24765576 PMCID: PMC3994639 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on psychophysical evidence about how learning of visuomotor transformation generalizes, it has been suggested that movements are planned on the basis of movement direction and magnitude, i.e., the vector connecting movement origin and targets. This notion is also known under the term “vectorial planning hypothesis”. Previous psychophysical studies, however, have included separate areas of the workspace for training movements and testing the learning. This study eliminates this confounding factor by investigating the transfer of learning from forward to backward movements in a center-out-and-back task, in which the workspace for both movements is completely identical. Visual feedback allowed for learning only during movements towards the target (forward movements) and not while moving back to the origin (backward movements). When subjects learned the visuomotor rotation in forward movements, initial directional errors in backward movements also decreased to some degree. This learning effect in backward movements occurred predominantly when backward movements featured the same movement directions as the ones trained in forward movements (i.e., when opposite targets were presented). This suggests that learning was transferred in a direction specific way, supporting the notion that movement direction is the most prominent parameter used for motor planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva-Maria Kobak
- Bernstein Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg , Germany ; Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London , United Kingdom
| | - Simone Cardoso de Oliveira
- Bernstein Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg , Germany ; BrainLinks-BrainTools, Cluster of Excellence, University of Freiburg , Germany
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