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Yuan Y, Jaślan D, Rahman T, Bracher F, Grimm C, Patel S. Coordinating activation of endo-lysosomal two-pore channels and TRP mucolipins. J Physiol 2024; 602:1623-1636. [PMID: 38598430 DOI: 10.1113/jp283829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Two-pore channels and TRP mucolipins are ubiquitous endo-lysosomal cation channels of pathophysiological relevance. Both are Ca2+-permeable and regulated by phosphoinositides, principally PI(3,5)P2. Accumulating evidence has uncovered synergistic channel activation by PI(3,5)P2 and endogenous metabolites such as the Ca2+ mobilizing messenger NAADP, synthetic agonists including approved drugs and physical cues such as voltage and osmotic pressure. Here, we provide an overview of this coordination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yuan
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, UCL, London, UK
| | - Dawid Jaślan
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Taufiq Rahman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Franz Bracher
- Department of Pharmacy-Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Grimm
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
- Immunology, Infection and Pandemic Research IIP, Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sandip Patel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, UCL, London, UK
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2
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Patel S, Zissimopoulos S, Marchant JS. Endo-Lysosomal Two-Pore Channels and Their Protein Partners. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2023; 278:199-214. [PMID: 35902438 DOI: 10.1007/164_2022_601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Two-pore channels are ion channels expressed on acidic organelles such as the various vesicles that constitute the endo-lysosomal system. They are permeable to Ca2+ and Na+ and activated by the second messenger NAADP as well as the phosphoinositide, PI(3,5)P2 and/or voltage. Here, we review the proteins that interact with these channels including recently identified NAADP receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip Patel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK.
| | | | - Jonathan S Marchant
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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3
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Patel S, Yuan Y, Chen CC, Jaślan D, Gunaratne G, Grimm C, Rahman T, Marchant JS. Electrophysiology of Endolysosomal Two-Pore Channels: A Current Account. Cells 2022; 11:2368. [PMID: 35954212 PMCID: PMC9368155 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Two-pore channels TPC1 and TPC2 are ubiquitously expressed pathophysiologically relevant proteins that reside on endolysosomal vesicles. Here, we review the electrophysiology of these channels. Direct macroscopic recordings of recombinant TPCs expressed in enlarged lysosomes in mammalian cells or vacuoles in plants and yeast demonstrate gating by the Ca2+-mobilizing messenger NAADP and/or the lipid PI(3,5)P2. TPC currents are regulated by H+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ (luminal and/or cytosolic), as well as protein kinases, and they are impacted by single-nucleotide polymorphisms linked to pigmentation. Bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids, flavonoids, and several approved drugs demonstrably block channel activity. Endogenous TPC currents have been recorded from a number of primary cell types and cell lines. Many of the properties of endolysosomal TPCs are recapitulated upon rerouting channels to the cell surface, allowing more facile recording through conventional electrophysiological means. Single-channel analyses have provided high-resolution insight into both monovalent and divalent permeability. The discovery of small-molecule activators of TPC2 that toggle the ion selectivity from a Ca2+-permeable (NAADP-like) state to a Na+-selective (PI(3,5)P2-like) state explains discrepancies in the literature relating to the permeability of TPCs. Identification of binding proteins that confer NAADP-sensitive currents confirm that indirect, remote gating likely underpins the inconsistent observations of channel activation by NAADP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip Patel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK;
| | - Yu Yuan
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK;
| | - Cheng-Chang Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100229, Taiwan;
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100225, Taiwan
| | - Dawid Jaślan
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University, 80336 Munich, Germany; (D.J.); (C.G.)
| | - Gihan Gunaratne
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; (G.G.); (J.S.M.)
| | - Christian Grimm
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University, 80336 Munich, Germany; (D.J.); (C.G.)
| | - Taufiq Rahman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1PD, UK;
| | - Jonathan S. Marchant
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; (G.G.); (J.S.M.)
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4
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Gan N, Han Y, Zeng W, Wang Y, Xue J, Jiang Y. Structural mechanism of allosteric activation of TRPML1 by PI(3,5)P 2 and rapamycin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2120404119. [PMID: 35131932 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2120404119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapamycin is a specific inhibitor of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Rapamycin can also activate transient receptor potential mucolipin 1 (TRPML1), a phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate [PI(3,5)P2]–gated lysosomal cation channel whose loss-of-function mutations directly cause mucolipidosis type IV disease. We determined the high-resolution cryoelectron microscopy structures of TRPML1 in various ligand-bound states, including the open TRPML1 in complex with PI(3,5)P2 and a rapamycin analog at 2.1 Å. These structures reveal how rapamycin and PI(3,5)P2 bind at two distinct sites and allosterically activate the channel. Considering the high potency of TRPML1 activation by rapamycin and PI(3,5)P2, it is conceivable that some pharmacological effects from the therapeutic use of rapamycin may come from the TRPML1-dependent mechanism rather than mTOR inhibition. Transient receptor potential mucolipin 1 (TRPML1) is a Ca2+-permeable, nonselective cation channel ubiquitously expressed in the endolysosomes of mammalian cells and its loss-of-function mutations are the direct cause of type IV mucolipidosis (MLIV), an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disease. TRPML1 is a ligand-gated channel that can be activated by phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate [PI(3,5)P2] as well as some synthetic small-molecule agonists. Recently, rapamycin has also been shown to directly bind and activate TRPML1. Interestingly, both PI(3,5)P2 and rapamycin have low efficacy in channel activation individually but together they work cooperatively and activate the channel with high potency. To reveal the structural basis underlying the synergistic activation of TRPML1 by PI(3,5)P2 and rapamycin, we determined the high-resolution cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of the mouse TRPML1 channel in various states, including apo closed, PI(3,5)P2-bound closed, and PI(3,5)P2/temsirolimus (a rapamycin analog)-bound open states. These structures, combined with electrophysiology, elucidate the molecular details of ligand binding and provide structural insight into how the TRPML1 channel integrates two distantly bound ligand stimuli and facilitates channel opening.
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Moccia F, Negri S, Faris P, Perna A, De Luca A, Soda T, Berra-Romani R, Guerra G. Corrigendum: Targeting Endolysosomal Two-Pore Channels to Treat Cardiovascular Disorders in the Novel COronaVIrus Disease 2019. Front Physiol 2021; 12:690189. [PMID: 34122151 PMCID: PMC8195275 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.690189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Moccia
- Laboratory of General Physiology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Sharon Negri
- Laboratory of General Physiology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Pawan Faris
- Laboratory of General Physiology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Angelica Perna
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Antonio De Luca
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Teresa Soda
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Roberto Berra-Romani
- School of Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Germano Guerra
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
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6
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Gradogna A, Scholz-Starke J, Pardo JM, Carpaneto A. Beyond the patch-clamp resolution: functional activity of nonelectrogenic vacuolar NHX proton/potassium antiporters and inhibition by phosphoinositides. New Phytol 2021; 229:3026-3036. [PMID: 33098586 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We combined the patch-clamp technique with ratiometric fluorescence imaging using the proton-responsive dye BCECF as a luminal probe. Upon application of a steep cytosol-directed potassium ion (K+ ) gradient in Arabidopsis mesophyll vacuoles, a strong and reversible acidification of the vacuolar lumen was detected, whereas no associated electrical currents were observed, in agreement with electroneutral cation/H+ exchange. Our data show that this acidification was generated by NHX antiport activity, because: it did not distinguish between K+ and sodium (Na+ ) ions; it was sensitive to the NHX inhibitor benzamil; and it was completely absent in vacuoles from nhx1 nhx2 double knockout plants. Our data further show that NHX activity could be reversed, was voltage-independent and specifically impaired by the low-abundance signaling lipid PI(3,5)P2 , which may regulate salt accumulation in plants by acting as a common messenger to coordinately shut down secondary active carriers responsible for cation and anion uptake inside the vacuole. Finally, we developed a theory based on thermodynamics, which supports the data obtained by our novel experimental approach. This work, therefore, represents a proof-of-principle that can be applied to the study of proton-dependent exchangers from plants and animals, which are barely detectable using conventional techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Gradogna
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, Via De Marini 6, Genova, 16149, Italy
| | - Joachim Scholz-Starke
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, Via De Marini 6, Genova, 16149, Italy
| | - José M Pardo
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry and Photosynthesis, CSIC-University of Seville, Seville, 41092, Spain
| | - Armando Carpaneto
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, Via De Marini 6, Genova, 16149, Italy
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 5, Genova, 16132, Italy
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7
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Zhao Z, Qin P, Huang YW. Lysosomal ion channels involved in cellular entry and uncoating of enveloped viruses: Implications for therapeutic strategies against SARS-CoV-2. Cell Calcium 2021; 94:102360. [PMID: 33516131 PMCID: PMC7825922 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2021.102360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Ion channels are necessary for correct lysosomal function including degradation of cargoes originating from endocytosis. Almost all enveloped viruses, including coronaviruses (CoVs), enter host cells via endocytosis, and do not escape endosomal compartments into the cytoplasm (via fusion with the endolysosomal membrane) unless the virus-encoded envelope proteins are cleaved by lysosomal proteases. With the ongoing outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2, endolysosomal two-pore channels represent an exciting and emerging target for antiviral therapies. This review focuses on the latest knowledge of the effects of lysosomal ion channels on the cellular entry and uncoating of enveloped viruses, which may aid in development of novel therapies against emerging infectious diseases such as SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuangzhuang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Pan Qin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yao-Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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8
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Chen Z, Malia PC, Hatakeyama R, Nicastro R, Hu Z, Péli-Gulli MP, Gao J, Nishimura T, Eskes E, Stefan CJ, Winderickx J, Dengjel J, De Virgilio C, Ungermann C. TORC1 Determines Fab1 Lipid Kinase Function at Signaling Endosomes and Vacuoles. Curr Biol 2020; 31:297-309.e8. [PMID: 33157024 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Organelles of the endomembrane system maintain their identity and integrity during growth or stress conditions by homeostatic mechanisms that regulate membrane flux and biogenesis. At lysosomes and endosomes, the Fab1 lipid kinase complex and the nutrient-regulated target of rapamycin complex 1 (TORC1) control the integrity of the endolysosomal homeostasis and cellular metabolism. Both complexes are functionally connected as Fab1-dependent generation of PI(3,5)P2 supports TORC1 activity. Here, we identify Fab1 as a target of TORC1 on signaling endosomes, which are distinct from multivesicular bodies, and provide mechanistic insight into their crosstalk. Accordingly, TORC1 can phosphorylate Fab1 proximal to its PI3P-interacting FYVE domain, which causes Fab1 to shift to signaling endosomes, where it generates PI(3,5)P2. This, in turn, regulates (1) vacuole morphology, (2) recruitment of TORC1 and the TORC1-regulatory Rag GTPase-containing EGO complex to signaling endosomes, and (3) TORC1 activity. Thus, our study unravels a regulatory feedback loop between TORC1 and the Fab1 complex that controls signaling at endolysosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilei Chen
- Department of Biology/Chemistry, Biochemistry Section, University of Osnabrück, Barbarastrasse 13, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Pedro Carpio Malia
- Department of Biology/Chemistry, Biochemistry Section, University of Osnabrück, Barbarastrasse 13, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Riko Hatakeyama
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Raffaele Nicastro
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Zehan Hu
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Marie-Pierre Péli-Gulli
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Jieqiong Gao
- Department of Biology/Chemistry, Biochemistry Section, University of Osnabrück, Barbarastrasse 13, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Taki Nishimura
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Elja Eskes
- Functional Biology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arensberg 31, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christopher J Stefan
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Joris Winderickx
- Functional Biology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arensberg 31, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jörn Dengjel
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Claudio De Virgilio
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
| | - Christian Ungermann
- Department of Biology/Chemistry, Biochemistry Section, University of Osnabrück, Barbarastrasse 13, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany; Center of Cellular Nanoanalytics Osnabrück (CellNanOs), University of Osnabrück, Barbarastrasse 11, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany.
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9
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Gerndt S, Chen CC, Chao YK, Yuan Y, Burgstaller S, Scotto Rosato A, Krogsaeter E, Urban N, Jacob K, Nguyen ONP, Miller MT, Keller M, Vollmar AM, Gudermann T, Zierler S, Schredelseker J, Schaefer M, Biel M, Malli R, Wahl-Schott C, Bracher F, Patel S, Grimm C. Agonist-mediated switching of ion selectivity in TPC2 differentially promotes lysosomal function. eLife 2020; 9:54712. [PMID: 32167471 PMCID: PMC7108868 DOI: 10.7554/elife.54712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ion selectivity is a defining feature of a given ion channel and is considered immutable. Here we show that ion selectivity of the lysosomal ion channel TPC2, which is hotly debated (Calcraft et al., 2009; Guo et al., 2017; Jha et al., 2014; Ruas et al., 2015; Wang et al., 2012), depends on the activating ligand. A high-throughput screen identified two structurally distinct TPC2 agonists. One of these evoked robust Ca2+-signals and non-selective cation currents, the other weaker Ca2+-signals and Na+-selective currents. These properties were mirrored by the Ca2+-mobilizing messenger, NAADP and the phosphoinositide, PI(3,5)P2, respectively. Agonist action was differentially inhibited by mutation of a single TPC2 residue and coupled to opposing changes in lysosomal pH and exocytosis. Our findings resolve conflicting reports on the permeability and gating properties of TPC2 and they establish a new paradigm whereby a single ion channel mediates distinct, functionally-relevant ionic signatures on demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Gerndt
- Department of Pharmacy - Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany.,Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Cheng-Chang Chen
- Department of Pharmacy - Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Yu-Kai Chao
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Yu Yuan
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sandra Burgstaller
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Anna Scotto Rosato
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Einar Krogsaeter
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Nicole Urban
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Katharina Jacob
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Ong Nam Phuong Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacy - Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Meghan T Miller
- Department of Pharmacy - Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany.,Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marco Keller
- Department of Pharmacy - Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Angelika M Vollmar
- Department of Pharmacy - Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Gudermann
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Susanna Zierler
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Johann Schredelseker
- Department of Pharmacy - Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany.,Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Schaefer
- Department of Pharmacy - Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany.,Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Biel
- Department of Pharmacy - Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Roland Malli
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Franz Bracher
- Department of Pharmacy - Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Sandip Patel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Grimm
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
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10
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Bissig C, Croisé P, Heiligenstein X, Hurbain I, Lenk GM, Kaufman E, Sannerud R, Annaert W, Meisler MH, Weisman LS, Raposo G, van Niel G. The PIKfyve complex regulates the early melanosome homeostasis required for physiological amyloid formation. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs.229500. [PMID: 30709920 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.229500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolism of PI(3,5)P2 is regulated by the PIKfyve, VAC14 and FIG4 complex, mutations in which are associated with hypopigmentation in mice. These pigmentation defects indicate a key, but as yet unexplored, physiological relevance of this complex in the biogenesis of melanosomes. Here, we show that PIKfyve activity regulates formation of amyloid matrix composed of PMEL protein within the early endosomes in melanocytes, called stage I melanosomes. PIKfyve activity controls the membrane remodeling of stage I melanosomes, which regulates PMEL abundance, sorting and processing. PIKfyve activity also affects stage I melanosome kiss-and-run interactions with lysosomes, which are required for PMEL amyloidogenesis and the establishment of melanosome identity. Mechanistically, PIKfyve activity promotes both the formation of membrane tubules from stage I melanosomes and their release by modulating endosomal actin branching. Taken together, our data indicate that PIKfyve activity is a key regulator of the melanosomal import-export machinery that fine tunes the formation of functional amyloid fibrils in melanosomes and the maintenance of melanosome identity.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christin Bissig
- Structure and Membrane Compartments, Institut Curie, Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR144, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Pauline Croisé
- IPNP, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, Hopital Saint-Anne, Université Paris Descartes, INSERM U894, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Xavier Heiligenstein
- Structure and Membrane Compartments, Institut Curie, Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR144, 75005 Paris, France.,Cell and Tissue Imaging Facility, Institut Curie, Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR144, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Ilse Hurbain
- Structure and Membrane Compartments, Institut Curie, Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR144, 75005 Paris, France.,Cell and Tissue Imaging Facility, Institut Curie, Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR144, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Guy M Lenk
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5618, USA
| | - Emily Kaufman
- Life Science Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2216, USA
| | - Ragna Sannerud
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.,KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim Annaert
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.,KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Miriam H Meisler
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5618, USA
| | - Lois S Weisman
- Life Science Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2216, USA
| | - Graça Raposo
- Structure and Membrane Compartments, Institut Curie, Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR144, 75005 Paris, France.,Cell and Tissue Imaging Facility, Institut Curie, Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR144, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Guillaume van Niel
- Structure and Membrane Compartments, Institut Curie, Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR144, 75005 Paris, France .,IPNP, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, Hopital Saint-Anne, Université Paris Descartes, INSERM U894, 75014 Paris, France.,Cell and Tissue Imaging Facility, Institut Curie, Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR144, 75005 Paris, France
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11
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Narayanan P, Hütte M, Kudryasheva G, Taberner FJ, Lechner SG, Rehfeldt F, Gomez-Varela D, Schmidt M. Myotubularin related protein-2 and its phospholipid substrate PIP 2 control Piezo2-mediated mechanotransduction in peripheral sensory neurons. eLife 2018. [PMID: 29521261 PMCID: PMC5898911 DOI: 10.7554/elife.32346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Piezo2 ion channels are critical determinants of the sense of light touch in vertebrates. Yet, their regulation is only incompletely understood. We recently identified myotubularin related protein-2 (Mtmr2), a phosphoinositide (PI) phosphatase, in the native Piezo2 interactome of murine dorsal root ganglia (DRG). Here, we demonstrate that Mtmr2 attenuates Piezo2-mediated rapidly adapting mechanically activated (RA-MA) currents. Interestingly, heterologous Piezo1 and other known MA current subtypes in DRG appeared largely unaffected by Mtmr2. Experiments with catalytically inactive Mtmr2, pharmacological blockers of PI(3,5)P2 synthesis, and osmotic stress suggest that Mtmr2-dependent Piezo2 inhibition involves depletion of PI(3,5)P2. Further, we identified a PI(3,5)P2 binding region in Piezo2, but not Piezo1, that confers sensitivity to Mtmr2 as indicated by functional analysis of a domain-swapped Piezo2 mutant. Altogether, our results propose local PI(3,5)P2 modulation via Mtmr2 in the vicinity of Piezo2 as a novel mechanism to dynamically control Piezo2-dependent mechanotransduction in peripheral sensory neurons. We often take our sense of touch for granted. Yet, our every-day life greatly depends on the ability to perceive our environment to alert us of danger or to further social interactions, such as mother-child bonding. Our sense of touch relies on the conversion of mechanical stimuli to electrical signals (this is known as mechanotransduction), which then travel to brain to be processed. This task is fulfilled by specific ion channels called Piezo2, which are activated when cells are exposed to pressure and other mechanical forces. These channels can be found in sensory nerves and specialized structures in the skin, where they help to detect physical contact, roughness of surfaces and the position of our body parts. It is still not clear how Piezo2 channels are regulated but previous research by several laboratories suggests that they work in conjunction with other proteins. One of these proteins is the myotubularin related protein-2, or Mtmr2 for short. Now, Narayanan et al. – including some of the researchers involved in the previous research – set out to advance our understanding of the molecular basis of touch and looked more closely at Mtmr2. To test if Mtmr2 played a role in mechanotransduction, Narayanan et al. both increased and reduced the levels of this protein in sensory neurons of mice grown in the laboratory. When Mtmr2 levels were low, the activity of Piezo2 channels increased. However, when the protein levels were high, Piezo2 channels were inhibited. These results suggest that Mtmr2 can control the activity of Piezo2. Further experiments, in which Mtmr2 was genetically modified or sensory neurons were treated with chemicals, revealed that Mtmr2 reduces a specific fatty acid in the membrane of nerve cells, which in turn attenuates the activity of Piezo2. This study identified Mtmr2 and distinct fatty acids in the cell membrane as new components of the complex setup required for the sense of touch. A next step will be to test if these molecules also influence the activity of Piezo2 when the skin has become injured or upon inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha Narayanan
- Emmy Noether-Group Somatosensory Signaling and Systems Biology, Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Meike Hütte
- Emmy Noether-Group Somatosensory Signaling and Systems Biology, Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Galina Kudryasheva
- Third Institute of Physics - Biophysics, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | | | | | - Florian Rehfeldt
- Third Institute of Physics - Biophysics, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - David Gomez-Varela
- Emmy Noether-Group Somatosensory Signaling and Systems Biology, Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Manuela Schmidt
- Emmy Noether-Group Somatosensory Signaling and Systems Biology, Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Goettingen, Germany
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Hirano T, Stecker K, Munnik T, Xu H, Sato MH. Visualization of Phosphatidylinositol 3,5-Bisphosphate Dynamics by a Tandem ML1N-Based Fluorescent Protein Probe in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell Physiol 2017; 58:1185-1195. [PMID: 28158631 PMCID: PMC5921506 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcx011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate [PI(3,5)P2] is a low-abundance phospholipid known to be associated with a wide variety of physiological functions in plants. However, the localization and dynamics of PI(3,5)P2 in plant cells remain largely unknown, partially due to the lack of an effective fluorescent probe. Using Arabidopsis transgenic plant expressing the PI(3,5)P2-labeling fluorescent probe (tagRFP-ML1N*2) developed based on a tandem repeat of the cytosolic phosphoinositide-interacting domain (ML1N) of the mammalian lysosomal transient receptor potential cation channel, Mucolipin 1 (TRPML1), here we show that PI(3,5)P2 is predominantly localized on the limited membranes of the FAB1- and SNX1-positive late endosomes, but rarely localized on the membranes of plant vacuoles or trans-Golgi network/early endosomes of cortical cells of the root differentiation zone. The late endosomal localization of tagRFP-ML1N*2 is reduced or abolished by pharmacological inhibition or genetic knockdown of expression of genes encoding PI(3,5)P2-synthesizing enzymes, FAB1A/B, but markedly increased with FAB1A overexpression. Notably, reactive oxygen species (ROS) significantly increase late endosomal levels of PI(3,5)P2. Thus, tandem ML1N-based PI(3,5)P2 probes can reliably monitor intracellular dynamics of PI(3,5)P2 in Arabidopsis cells with less binding activity to other endomembrane organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Hirano
- Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Shimogamo-nakaragi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8522 Japan
| | - Kelly Stecker
- Biotechnology Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Teun Munnik
- Section of Plant Physiology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam 94216, The Netherlands
| | - Haoxing Xu
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Masa H. Sato
- Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Shimogamo-nakaragi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8522 Japan
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13
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Feijóo-Bandín S, García-Vence M, García-Rúa V, Roselló-Lletí E, Portolés M, Rivera M, González-Juanatey JR, Lago F. Two-pore channels (TPCs): Novel voltage-gated ion channels with pleiotropic functions. Channels (Austin) 2016; 11:20-33. [PMID: 27440385 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2016.1213929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Two-pore channels (TPC1-3) comprise a subfamily of the eukaryotic voltage-gated ion channels (VGICs) superfamily that are mainly expressed in acidic stores in plants and animals. TPCS are widespread across the animal kingdom, with primates, mice and rats lacking TPC3, and mainly act as Ca+ and Na+ channels, although it was also suggested that they could be permeable to other ions. Nowadays, TPCs have been related to the development of different diseases, including Parkinson´s disease, obesity or myocardial ischemia. Due to this, their study has raised the interest of the scientific community to try to understand their mechanism of action in order to be able to develop an efficient drug that could regulate TPCs activity. In this review, we will provide an updated view regarding TPCs structure, function and activation, as well as their role in different pathophysiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Feijóo-Bandín
- a Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Research Unit and Department of Cardiology , Institute of Biomedical Research and University Clinical Hospital , Santiago de Compostela , Spain
| | - María García-Vence
- a Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Research Unit and Department of Cardiology , Institute of Biomedical Research and University Clinical Hospital , Santiago de Compostela , Spain
| | - Vanessa García-Rúa
- a Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Research Unit and Department of Cardiology , Institute of Biomedical Research and University Clinical Hospital , Santiago de Compostela , Spain
| | - Esther Roselló-Lletí
- b Cardiocirculatory Unit, Health Institute of La Fe University Hospital , Valencia , Spain
| | - Manuel Portolés
- b Cardiocirculatory Unit, Health Institute of La Fe University Hospital , Valencia , Spain
| | - Miguel Rivera
- b Cardiocirculatory Unit, Health Institute of La Fe University Hospital , Valencia , Spain
| | - José Ramón González-Juanatey
- a Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Research Unit and Department of Cardiology , Institute of Biomedical Research and University Clinical Hospital , Santiago de Compostela , Spain
| | - Francisca Lago
- a Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Research Unit and Department of Cardiology , Institute of Biomedical Research and University Clinical Hospital , Santiago de Compostela , Spain
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Abstract
Recent interest in two-pore channels (TPCs) has resulted in a variety of studies dealing with the functional role and mechanism of action of these endo-lysosomal proteins in diverse physiological processes. With the availability of mouse lines harbouring mutant alleles for Tpcnl and/or Tpcn2 genes, several studies have made use of them to validate, consolidate and discover new roles for these channels not only at the cellular level but, importantly, also at the level of the whole organism. The different mutant mouse lines that have been used were derived from distinct genetic manipulation strategies, with the aim of knocking out expression of TPC proteins. However, the expression of different residual TPC sequences predicted to occur in these mutant mouse lines, together with the varied degree to which the effects on Tpcn expression have been studied, makes it important to assess the true knockout status of some of the lines. In this review we summarize these Tpcn mutant mouse lines with regard to their predicted effect on Tpcn expression and the extent to which they have been characterized. Additionally, we discuss how results derived from studies using these Tpcn mutant mouse lines have consolidated previously proposed roles for TPCs, such as mediators of NAADP signalling, endo-lysosomal functions, and pancreatic β cell physiology. We will also review how they have been instrumental in the assignment of new physiological roles for these cation channels in processes such as membrane electrical excitability, neoangiogenesis, viral infection and brown adipose tissue and heart function, revealing, in some cases, a specific contribution of a particular TPC isoform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarida Ruas
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Antony Galione
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
| | - John Parrington
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
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Thieleke-Matos C, da Silva ML, Cabrita-Santos L, Pires CF, Ramalho JS, Ikonomov O, Seixas E, Shisheva A, Seabra MC, Barral DC. Host PI(3,5)P2 activity is required for Plasmodium berghei growth during liver stage infection. Traffic 2014; 15:1066-82. [PMID: 24992508 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2013] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Malaria parasites go through an obligatory liver stage before they infect erythrocytes and cause disease symptoms. In the host hepatocytes, the parasite is enclosed by a parasitophorous vacuole membrane (PVM). Here, we dissected the interaction between the Plasmodium parasite and the host cell late endocytic pathway and show that parasite growth is dependent on the phosphoinositide 5-kinase (PIKfyve) that converts phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate [PI(3)P] into phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate [PI(3,5)P2 ] in the endosomal system. We found that inhibition of PIKfyve by either pharmacological or non-pharmacological means causes a delay in parasite growth. Moreover, we show that the PI(3,5)P2 effector protein TRPML1 that is involved in late endocytic membrane fusion, is present in vesicles closely contacting the PVM and is necessary for parasite growth. Thus, our studies suggest that the parasite PVM is able to fuse with host late endocytic vesicles in a PI(3,5)P2 -dependent manner, allowing the exchange of material between the host and the parasite, which is essential for successful infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Thieleke-Matos
- CEDOC, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056, Lisboa, Portugal; IGC, Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, 2780-156, Oeiras, Portugal
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Dong XP, Shen D, Wang X, Dawson T, Li X, Zhang Q, Cheng X, Zhang Y, Weisman LS, Delling M, Xu H. PI(3,5)P(2) controls membrane trafficking by direct activation of mucolipin Ca(2+) release channels in the endolysosome. Nat Commun 2010; 1:38. [PMID: 20802798 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms1037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 441] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2010] [Accepted: 06/16/2010] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Membrane fusion and fission events in intracellular trafficking are controlled by both intraluminal Ca(2+) release and phosphoinositide (PIP) signalling. However, the molecular identities of the Ca(2+) release channels and the target proteins of PIPs are elusive. In this paper, by direct patch-clamping of the endolysosomal membrane, we report that PI(3,5)P(2), an endolysosome-specific PIP, binds and activates endolysosome-localized mucolipin transient receptor potential (TRPML) channels with specificity and potency. Both PI(3,5)P(2)-deficient cells and cells that lack TRPML1 exhibited enlarged endolysosomes/vacuoles and trafficking defects in the late endocytic pathway. We find that the enlarged vacuole phenotype observed in PI(3,5)P(2)-deficient mouse fibroblasts is suppressed by overexpression of TRPML1. Notably, this PI(3,5)P(2)-dependent regulation of TRPML1 is evolutionarily conserved. In budding yeast, hyperosmotic stress induces Ca(2+) release from the vacuole. In this study, we show that this release requires both PI(3,5)P(2) production and a yeast functional TRPML homologue. We propose that TRPMLs regulate membrane trafficking by transducing information regarding PI(3,5)P(2) levels into changes in juxtaorganellar Ca(2+), thereby triggering membrane fusion/fission events.
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