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Xie S, Li H, Yao F, Huang J, Yang X, Chen X, Liu Q, Zhuang M, He S. PUPIL enables mapping and stamping of transient electrical connectivity in developing nervous systems. Cell Rep 2021; 37:109853. [PMID: 34686323 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, many genetic methods are available for mapping chemical connectivity, but analogous methods for electrical synapses are lacking. Here, we present pupylation-based interaction labeling (PUPIL), a genetically encoded system for noninvasively mapping and stamping transient electrical synapses in the mouse brain. Upon fusion of connexin 26 (CX26) with the ligase PafA, pupylation yields tag puncta following conjugation of its substrate, a biotin- or fluorescent-protein-tagged PupE, to the neighboring proteins of electrical synapses containing CX26-PafA. Tag puncta are validated to correlate well with functional electrical synapses in immature neurons. Furthermore, puncta are retained in mature neurons when electrical synapses mostly disappear-suggesting successful stamping. We use PUPIL to uncover spatial subcellular localizations of electrical synapses and approach their physiological functions during development. Thus, PUPIL is a powerful tool for probing electrical connectivity patterns in complex nervous systems and has great potential for transient receptors and ion channels as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Xie
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai 201210, China; Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haixiang Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai 201210, China; Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fenyong Yao
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Jiechang Huang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai 201210, China; Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomei Yang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Xin Chen
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai 201210, China; Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai 201210, China; Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Min Zhuang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Shuijin He
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai 201210, China.
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Abstract
The changes in pupil size were recorded by infrared pupillographic methods in response to light flashes of different durations and intensities for a 13 degree 34 minute centrally fixated circular field. For such stimuli, the threshold intensities for (rod) vision and for the pupil response were found to be about the same. The response amplitudes were related to the logarithm of the flash energy, the reciprocity law remaining valid up to about one-half second. The curve relating flash energy and pupil response was clearly divisible into two parts commensurate with the duplex character of the human retina. A similar dichotomy appears in curves relating response amplitude to response latency. Since the pupil response is determined by total flash energy, intense long flashes produce larger pupil responses than shorter (and perceptually brighter) ones of the same intensity.
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DUNGAN KW, STANTON HC, LISH PM. AMIDEPHRINE--I: PHARMACOLOGIC CHARACTERIZATION OF A SYMPATHOMIMETIC ALKYLSULFONAMIDOPHENETHANOLAMINE. Int J Neuropharmacol 1965; 4:219-34. [PMID: 14343876 DOI: 10.1016/0028-3908(65)90038-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
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KRISTEK A. [PHYSIOLOGICAL PUPILLOGRAM OF THE HUMAN EYE. (II. COURSE OF THE PUPILLARY REACTION)]. Cesk Oftalmol 1965; 21:36-41. [PMID: 14330656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
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MARTIN WR, EADES CG. A COMPARISON BETWEEN ACUTE AND CHRONIC PHYSICAL DEPENDENCE IN THE CHRONIC SPINAL DOG. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1964; 146:385-94. [PMID: 14254334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
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PALESTINI M, GALLARDO R, ARMENGOL V. PERIPHERAL FACTORS IN THE STUDY OF THE HABITUATION OF THE CORTICAL RESPONSES TO PHOTIC STIMULATION. Arch Ital Biol 1964; 102:608-15. [PMID: 14226026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
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LINQUETTE M, FOSSATI P, LUEZ G, DECOULX M, WOILLEZ M. [SIGN OF ARGYLL-ROBERTSON OF NON-SPECIFIC ETIOLOGY IN THE COURSE OF DIABETIC NEUROPATHY]. Diabete 1964; 12:269-74. [PMID: 14238766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
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YUSUF SM, PRIDDLE OD. A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF VARIOUS ANTICHOLINERGIC DRUGS. Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther 1964; 152:198-206. [PMID: 14248345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
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MASSON R, BOUCHER M, BADY B. [FACIAL DYSHIDROSIS ASSOCIATED WITH PUPILLO-AREFLEXIC MODIFICATIONS EVOKING ADIE'S SYNDROME AND TREATED BY STELLECTOMY]. Rev Otoneuroophtalmol 1964; 36:311-5. [PMID: 14275387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
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BACKER WD, OGLE KN. PUPILLARY RESPONSE TO FUSIONAL EYE MOVEMENTS. Am J Ophthalmol 1964; 58:743-56. [PMID: 14220484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
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KERR FW, HOLLOWELL OW. LOCATION OF PUPILLOMOTOR AND ACCOMMODATION FIBRES IN THE OCULOMOTOR NERVE: EXPERIMENTAL OBSERVATIONS ON PARALYTIC MYDRIASIS. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1964; 27:473-81. [PMID: 14213479 PMCID: PMC495780 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.27.5.473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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