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Luo J, Fan Y, Wan J, Sun X, Liang X. Ultra-Wideband Transformer Feedback Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit Power Amplifier Design on 0.25 μm GaN Process. Micromachines (Basel) 2024; 15:546. [PMID: 38675357 PMCID: PMC11051740 DOI: 10.3390/mi15040546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
This paper presents an ultra-wideband transformer feedback (TFB) monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) power amplifier (PA) developed using a 0.25 μm gallium nitride (GaN) process. To broaden the bandwidth, a drain-to-gate TFB technique is employed in this PA design, achieving a 117% relative -3 dB bandwidth, extending from 5.4 GHz to 20.3 GHz. At a 28 V supply, the designed PA circuit achieves an output power of 25.5 dBm and a 14 dB small-signal gain in the frequency range of 6 to 19 GHz. Within the 6 to 19 GHz frequency range, the small-signal gain exhibits a flatness of less than 0.78 dB. The PA chip occupies an area of 1.571 mm2. This work is the first to design a power amplifier with on-chip transformer feedback in a compound semiconductor MMIC process, and it enables the use of the widest bandwidth power amplifier on-chip transformer matching network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Luo
- Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Yihui Fan
- Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Jing Wan
- Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Generation Communication RF Technology, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Xuming Sun
- Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Generation Communication RF Technology, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Xiaoxin Liang
- Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Generation Communication RF Technology, Beijing 100020, China
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Coerts HI, de Keizer B, Verburg FA. Advances in the Development of Positron Emission Tomography Tracers for Improved Detection of Differentiated Thyroid Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1401. [PMID: 38611079 PMCID: PMC11010999 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16071401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer poses a significant challenge in clinical management, necessitating precise diagnostic tools and treatment strategies for optimal patient outcomes. This review explores the evolving field of radiotracers in the diagnosis and management of thyroid cancer, focusing on prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-based radiotracers, fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPI)-based radiotracers, Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD)-based radiotracers, and 18F-tetrafluoroborate (18F-TFB). PSMA-based radiotracers, initially developed for prostate cancer imaging, have shown promise in detecting thyroid cancer lesions; however, their detection rate is lower than 18F-FDG PET/CT. FAPI-based radiotracers, targeting fibroblast activation protein highly expressed in tumors, offer potential in the detection of lymph nodes and radioiodine-resistant metastases. RGD-based radiotracers, binding to integrin αvβ3 found on tumor cells and angiogenic blood vessels, demonstrate diagnostic accuracy in detecting radioiodine-resistant thyroid cancer metastases. 18F-TFB emerges as a promising PET tracer for imaging of lymph node metastases and recurrent DTC, offering advantages over traditional methods. Overall, these radiotracers show promise in enhancing diagnostic accuracy, patient stratification, and treatment selection in differentiated thyroid cancer, warranting further research and clinical validation. Given the promising staging capabilities of 18F-TFB and the efficacy of FAP-targeting tracers in advanced, potentially dedifferentiated cases, continued investigation in these domains is justified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannelore Iris Coerts
- Erasmus Medical Center, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Bart de Keizer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Frederik Anton Verburg
- Erasmus Medical Center, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
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Blombach F, Smollett KL, Werner F. ChIP-Seq Occupancy Mapping of the Archaeal Transcription Machinery. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2522:209-222. [PMID: 36125752 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2445-6_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide occupancy studies for RNA polymerases and their basal transcription factors deliver information about transcription dynamics and the recruitment of transcription elongation and termination factors in eukaryotes and prokaryotes. The primary method to determine genome-wide occupancies is chromatin immunoprecipitation combined with deep sequencing (ChIP-seq). Archaea possess a transcription machinery that is evolutionarily closer related to its eukaryotic counterpart but it operates in a prokaryotic cellular context. Studies on archaeal transcription brought insight into the evolution of transcription machineries and the universality of transcription mechanisms. Because of the limited resolution of ChIP-seq, the close spacing of promoters and transcription units found in archaeal genomes pose a challenge for ChIP-seq and the ensuing data analysis. The extreme growth temperature of many established archaeal model organisms necessitates further adaptations. This chapter describes a version of ChIP-seq adapted for the basal transcription machinery of thermophilic archaea and some modifications to the data analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Blombach
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Kathy L Smollett
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Finn Werner
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, UK.
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Wang Z, Dong J, Guo J, Wang Z, Yan L, Hao Y, Wang H, Xu B, Yin S. Hybrid Hole Extraction Layer Enabled High Efficiency in Polymer Solar Cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:55342-55348. [PMID: 33249830 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c15122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Charge extraction layers with excellent charge extraction capability are essential for achieving high photovoltaic performance in cells. In this work, a hole extraction layer (HEL) is developed by doping conductive polymer TFB into CuSCN (CuSCN:TFB(X)), which exhibits good light transparency and high affinity for the light absorber. Compared to the reference cell, the CuSCN:TFB(X) HEL-based cells show impressive enhancement owing to the increased exciton dissociation and charge extraction processes and weak recombination losses. Furthermore, matched work function, better interface contact, and appropriate domain size also contribute to the enhanced power conversion efficiency. As a consequence, the highest conversion efficiency of 15.28% is observed in a cell based on the PM6:Y6 blend film and CuSCN:TFB(1.0%) HEL, which is >16% higher than the efficiency of 13.13% in a cell with CuSCN HEL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongqiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Jiale Dong
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Jian Guo
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Zongtao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Lingpeng Yan
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Yuying Hao
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Bingshe Xu
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Shougen Yin
- Key Laboratory of Display Materials and Photoelectric Devices, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
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Dong J, Guo J, Wang X, Dong P, Wang Z, Zhou Y, Miao Y, Zhao B, Hao Y, Wang H, Xu B, Yin S. A Low-Temperature Solution-Processed CuSCN/Polymer Hole Transporting Layer Enables High Efficiency for Organic Solar Cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:46373-46380. [PMID: 32945159 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c12845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The hole transporting layers (HTLs) between the electrode and light absorber play a vital role in charge extraction and transport processes in organic solar cells (OSCs). Herein, a bilayer structure HTL of CuSCN/TFB is formed by soluble copper(I) thiocyanate (CuSCN) and poly[(9,9-dioctylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl)-alt-(4,4'-(N-(4-butylphenyl)))] (TFB). The excellent charge extraction capability is proved in nonfullerene PM6:Y6 and fullerene PTB7-Th:PC71BM blend system-based cells. The introduction of TFB tunes the work function and polishes the interfacial contact between the HTL and light absorber, which favors the hole extraction process in cells. Meanwhile, lower recombination loss, higher exciton dissociation probability, and larger domain size are observed in CuSCN/TFB HTL-based cells compared to those of the reference cell with the pristine CuSCN HTL, which significantly improve the photovoltaic performance. As a result, a champion efficiency of 15.10% is obtained, which is >14% higher than the efficiency of 13.15% obtained in the reference cell. This study suggests that CuSCN/TFB is a promising HTL to achieve high efficiency for OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiale Dong
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Research Center of Advanced Materials Science and Technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Jian Guo
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Research Center of Advanced Materials Science and Technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Xiaoliang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Research Center of Advanced Materials Science and Technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Peng Dong
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Research Center of Advanced Materials Science and Technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Zhongqiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Research Center of Advanced Materials Science and Technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Yingjuan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Research Center of Advanced Materials Science and Technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Yanqin Miao
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Research Center of Advanced Materials Science and Technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Bo Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Research Center of Advanced Materials Science and Technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Yuying Hao
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Research Center of Advanced Materials Science and Technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Research Center of Advanced Materials Science and Technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Bingshe Xu
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Research Center of Advanced Materials Science and Technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Shougen Yin
- Key Laboratory of Display Materials and Photoelectric Devices (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
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Abstract
Despite the typical human notion that the Earth is a habitable planet, over three quarters of our planet is uninhabitable by us without assistance. The organisms that live and thrive in these “inhospitable” environments are known by the name extremophiles and are found in all Domains of Life. Despite our general lack of knowledge about them, they have already assisted humans in many ways and still have much more to give. In this review, I describe how they have adapted to live/thrive/survive in their niches, helped scientists unlock major scientific discoveries, advance the field of biotechnology, and inform us about the boundaries of Life and where we might find it in the Universe.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Coker
- Department of Sciences, University of Maryland Global Campus, Adelphi, MD, USA
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Abstract
Transcription factors TBP and TF(II)B assemble with RNA polymerase at the promoter DNA forming the initiation complex. Despite a high degree of conservation, the molecular binding mechanisms of archaeal and eukaryotic TBP and TF(II)B differ significantly. Based on recent biophysical data, we speculate how the mechanisms co-evolved with transcription regulation and TBP multiplicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Blombach
- a RNAP Laboratory , University College London, Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Biosciences , London , UK
| | - Dina Grohmann
- b Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology , Institute of Microbiology, University of Regensburg , Regensburg , Germany
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Soriano-Ursúa MA, Farfán-García ED, López-Cabrera Y, Querejeta E, Trujillo-Ferrara JG. Boron-containing acids: preliminary evaluation of acute toxicity and access to the brain determined by Raman scattering spectroscopy. Neurotoxicology 2014; 40:8-15. [PMID: 24189445 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2013.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2013] [Revised: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Boron-containing compounds (BCCs), particularly boron containing acids (BCAs), have become attractive moieties or molecules in drug development. It has been suggested that when functional groups with boron atoms are added to well-known drugs, the latter are conferred with greater potency and efficacy in relation to their target receptors. However, the use of BCAs in drug development is limited due to the lack of a toxicological profile. Consequently, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the acute toxicity of boric and boronic acids. Thus, a determination was made of the lethal dose (LD50) of test compounds in male CD1 mice, as well as the effective dose required to negatively affect spontaneous motor activity and to produce notable behavioral abnormalities. After treatment of animals at different doses, macroscopic observations were made from a necropsy, and Raman scattering spectroscopic studies were carried out on brain tissue samples. In general, the results show that most of the tested BCAs have very low toxicity, evidenced by the high doses required to induce notable toxic effects (greater than 100 mg/kg of body weight for all compounds, except for 3-thyenilboronic acid). Such toxic effects, presumably mediated by action on the CNS, include eye damage, gastrointestinal effects (e.g., gastric-gut dilatation and fecal retention), sedation, hypnosis and/or trembling. This preliminary toxicological profile suggests that BCAs can be considered potential therapeutic agents or moieties to be added to other compounds in the development of new drugs. Future studies are required to explore possible chronic toxicity of BCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin A Soriano-Ursúa
- Departamento de Fisiología y Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, 11340 México, D.F., Mexico.
| | - Eunice D Farfán-García
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, 11340 México, D.F., Mexico
| | - Yessica López-Cabrera
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, 11340 México, D.F., Mexico
| | - Enrique Querejeta
- Departamento de Fisiología y Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, 11340 México, D.F., Mexico
| | - José G Trujillo-Ferrara
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, 11340 México, D.F., Mexico
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Iacobazzi V, Castegna A, Infantino V, Andria G. Mitochondrial DNA methylation as a next-generation biomarker and diagnostic tool. Mol Genet Metab 2013; 110:25-34. [PMID: 23920043 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2013.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Revised: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Recent expansion of our knowledge on epigenetic changes strongly suggests that not only nuclear DNA (nDNA), but also mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) may be subjected to epigenetic modifications related to disease development, environmental exposure, drug treatment and aging. Thus, mtDNA methylation is attracting increasing attention as a potential biomarker for the detection and diagnosis of diseases and the understanding of cellular behavior in particular conditions. In this paper we review the current advances in mtDNA methylation studies with particular attention to the evidences of mtDNA methylation changes in diseases and physiological conditions so far investigated. Technological advances for the analysis of epigenetic variations are promising tools to provide insights into methylation of mtDNA with similar resolution levels as those reached for nDNA. However, many aspects related to mtDNA methylation are still unclear. More studies are needed to understand whether and how changes in mtDNA methylation patterns, global and gene specific, are associated to diseases or risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vito Iacobazzi
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Bari, via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
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Abstract
Many gene families in higher plants have expanded in number, giving rise to diverse protein paralogs with specialized biochemical functions. For instance, plant general transcription factors such as TFIIB have expanded in number and in some cases perform specialized transcriptional functions in the plant cell. To date, no comprehensive genome-wide identification of the TFIIB gene family has been conducted in the plant kingdom. To determine the extent of TFIIB expansion in plants, I used the remote homology program HHPred to search for TFIIB homologs in the plant kingdom and performed a comprehensive analysis of eukaryotic TFIIB gene families. I discovered that higher plants encode more than 10 different TFIIB-like proteins. In particular, Arabidopsis thaliana encodes 14 different TFIIB-like proteins and predicted domain architectures of the newly identified TFIIB-like proteins revealed that they have unique modular domain structures that are divergent in sequence and size. Phylogenetic analysis of selected eukaryotic organisms showed that most life forms encode three major TFIIB subfamilies that include TFIIB, Brf, Rrn7/TAF1B/MEE12 subfamilies, while all plants and some algae species encode one or two additional TFIIB-related protein subfamilies. A subset of A. thaliana GTFs have also expanded in number, indicating that GTF diversification and expansion is a general phenomenon in higher plants. Together, these findings were used to generate a model for the evolutionary history of TFIIB-like proteins in eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce A Knutson
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Division of Basic Sciences, 1100 Fairview Ave N, PO Box 19024, Mailstop A1-162, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
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