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Xue Y, Yan S, Lv S, Song S, Song Z. Ta-Doped Sb 2Te Allows Ultrafast Phase-Change Memory with Excellent High-Temperature Operation Characteristics. Nanomicro Lett 2021; 13:33. [PMID: 34138214 PMCID: PMC8187703 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-020-00557-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Phase-change memory (PCM) has considerable promise for new applications based on von Neumann and emerging neuromorphic computing systems. However, a key challenge in harnessing the advantages of PCM devices is achieving high-speed operation of these devices at elevated temperatures, which is critical for the efficient processing and reliable storage of data at full capacity. Herein, we report a novel PCM device based on Ta-doped antimony telluride (Sb2Te), which exhibits both high-speed characteristics and excellent high-temperature characteristics, with an operation speed of 2 ns, endurance of > 106 cycles, and reversible switching at 140 °C. The high coordination number of Ta and the strong bonds between Ta and Sb/Te atoms contribute to the robustness of the amorphous structure, which improves the thermal stability. Furthermore, the small grains in the three-dimensional limit lead to an increased energy efficiency and a reduced risk of layer segregation, reducing the power consumption and improving the long-term endurance. Our findings for this new Ta-Sb2Te material system can facilitate the development of PCMs with improved performance and novel applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, People's Republic of China
| | - Shilong Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, People's Republic of China
| | - Sannian Song
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhitang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, People's Republic of China.
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Klemme S, Berndt J. Trace element partitioning between pyrochlore, microlite, fersmite and silicate melts. Geochem Trans 2020; 21:9. [PMID: 32833060 PMCID: PMC7444060 DOI: 10.1186/s12932-020-00072-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We present experimentally determined trace element partition coefficients (D) between pyrochlore-group minerals (Ca2(Nb,Ta)2O6(O,F)), Ca fersmite (CaNb2O6), and silicate melts. Our data indicate that pyrochlores and fersmite are able to strongly fractionate trace elements during the evolution of SiO2-undersaturated magmas. Pyrochlore efficiently fractionates Zr and Hf from Nb and Ta, with DZr and DHf below or equal to unity, and DNb and DTa significantly above unity. We find that DTa pyrochlore-group mineral/silicate melt is always higher than DNb, which agrees with the HFSE partitioning of all other Ti-rich minerals such as perovskite, rutile, ilmenite or Fe-Ti spinel. Our experimental partition coefficients also show that, under oxidizing conditions, DTh is higher than corresponding DU and this implies that pyrochlore-group minerals may fractionate U and Th in silicate magmas. The rare earth element (REE) partition coefficients are around unity, only the light REE are compatible in pyrochlore-group minerals, which explains the high rare earth element concentrations in naturally occurring magmatic pyrochlores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Klemme
- Institut für Mineralogie, Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 24, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Jasper Berndt
- Institut für Mineralogie, Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 24, 48149 Münster, Germany
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Filella M, Rodríguez-Murillo JC. Less-studied TCE: are their environmen tal concentrations increasing due to their use in new technologies? Chemosphere 2017; 182:605-616. [PMID: 28525874 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The possible environmental impact of the recent increase in use of a group of technology-critical elements (Nb, Ta, Ga, In, Ge and Te) is analysed by reviewing published concentration profiles in environmental archives (ice cores, ombrotrophic peat bogs, freshwater sediments and moss surveys) and evaluating temporal trends in surface waters. No increase has so far been recorded. The low potential direct emissions of these elements, resulting from their absolute low production levels, make it unlikely that the increasing use of these elements in modern technology has any noticeable effect on their environmental concentrations on a global scale. This holds particularly true for those of these elements that are probably emitted in relatively high amounts from other human activities (i.e., coal combustion and non-ferrous smelting), such as In, the most studied element of the group.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Filella
- Institute F.-A. Forel, University of Geneva, Boulevard Carl-Vogt 66, CH-1205 Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - J C Rodríguez-Murillo
- Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, Serrano 115 dpdo., E-28006 Madrid, Spain
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Liao H, Miao X, Ye J, Wu T, Deng Z, Li C, Jia J, Cheng X, Wang X. Falling Leaves Inspired ZnO Nanorods-Nanoslices Hierarchical Structure for Implant Surface Modification with Two S tage Releasing Features. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2017; 9:13009-13015. [PMID: 28371577 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b00666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Inspired from falling leaves, ZnO nanorods-nanoslices hierarchical structure (NHS) was constructed to modify the surfaces of two widely used implant materials: titanium (Ti) and tantalum (Ta), respectively. By which means, two-stage release of antibacterial active substances were realized to address the clinical importance of long-term broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. At early stages (within 48 h), the NHS exhibited a rapid releasing to kill the bacteria around the implant immediately. At a second stage (over 2 weeks), the NHS exhibited a slow releasing to realize long-term inhibition. The excellent antibacterial activity of ZnO NHS was confirmed once again by animal test in vivo. According to the subsequent experiments, the ZnO NHS coating exhibited the great advantage of high efficiency, low toxicity, and long-term durability, which could be a feasible manner to prevent the abuse of antibiotics on implant-related surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Liao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University , Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Xinxin Miao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University , Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Jing Ye
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University , Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Tianlong Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University , Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Zhongbo Deng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University , Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University , Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Jingyu Jia
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University , Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Xigao Cheng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University , Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Xiaolei Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University , Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, NanChang University , NanChang, Jiangxi 330031, China
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Ayala-Berdon J, Vázquez-Fuerte R, Beamonte-Barrientos R, Schondube JE. Effect of diet quality and ambient temperature on the use of torpor by two species of neotropical nec tar-feeding bats. J Exp Biol 2017; 220:920-929. [PMID: 28250178 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.142422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Neotropical bats use torpor as a strategy to save energy when they experience a low energy intake and/or low ambient temperature (Ta). Digestive physiology limits the energy intake of several glossophaginid bats, and could play an important role in the onset of torpor in these tropical animals. We measured the effect that diet quality and Ta had on the use of torpor by the nectar-feeding bats Glossophaga soricina and Leptonycteris yerbabuenae Captive bats were fed with 5% (low) or 35% (high) sucrose solutions while exposed to two different Ta (17.7 and 23.2°C; low Ta and high Ta) in four different treatments: (1) high sucrose:high Ta, (2) high sucrose:low Ta, (3) low sucrose:high Ta and (4) low sucrose:low Ta We measured their energy intake, changes in body mass (ΔMb) and skin temperature (Tskin) as response variables. Energy intake (in 10 h) was limited when both species fed on 5% sucrose, but body mass gain was only affected in G. soricina. Energy intake and Ta had a negative effect on the minimum Tskin of both species, and ΔMb affected the time that G. soricina used torpor. Both species remained normothermic on the high sucrose:high Ta treatment, but used torpor on the other three treatments. Bats used torpor during their resting and activity periods. Leptonycteris yerbabuenae spent more time in torpor in the low sucrose:high Ta treatment, while G. soricina used this strategy for longer periods of time in the high sucrose:low Ta treatment. We found that diet quality and Ta played an important role in the use of torpor by nectar-feeding bats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Ayala-Berdon
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 27-3 (Xangari), Morelia, Michoacán 58089, México .,CONACYT, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, 90062 Tlaxcala de Xicohténcatl, México
| | - Rommy Vázquez-Fuerte
- Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Morelia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 58089 Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | | | - Jorge E Schondube
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 27-3 (Xangari), Morelia, Michoacán 58089, México
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Polak E, Ficek A, Radvanszky J, Soltysova A, Urge O, Cmelova E, Kantarska D, Kadasi L. Phenylalanine hydroxylase deficiency in the Slovak population: genotype-phenotype correlations and genotype-based predictions of BH4-responsiveness. Gene 2013; 526:347-55. [PMID: 23764561 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.05.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2013] [Revised: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the mutation spectrum of the phenylalanine hydroxylase gene (PAH) in a cohort of patients from 135 Slovak PKU families. Mutational screening of the known coding region, including conventional intron splice sites, was performed using high-resolution melting analysis, with subsequent sequencing analysis of the samples showing deviated melting profiles compared to control samples. The PAH gene was also screened for deletions and duplications using MLPA analysis. Forty-eight different disease causing mutations were identified in our patient group, including 30 missense, 8 splicing, 7 nonsense, 2 large deletions and 1 small deletion with frameshift; giving a detection rate of 97.6%. The most prevalent mutation was the p.R408W, occurring in 47% of all alleles, which concurs with results from neighboring and other Slavic countries. Other frequent mutations were: p.R158Q (5.3%), IVS12+1G>A (5.3%), p.R252W (5.1%), p.R261Q (3.9%) and p.A403V (3.6%). We also identified three novel missense mutations: p.F233I, p.R270I, p.F331S and one novel variant: c.-30A>T in the proximal part of the PAH gene promoter. A spectrum of 84 different genotypes was observed and a genotype based predictions of BH4-responsiveness were assessed. Among all genotypes, 36 were predicted to be BH4-responsive represented by 51 PKU families. In addition, genotype-phenotype correlations were performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil Polak
- Comenius University, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology, Mlynska Dolina, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
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Ali-El-Dein B, Barakat TS, Nabeeh A, Ibrahiem EHI. Weekly intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) alternating with epirubicin in Ta and T1 urothelial bladder cancer: An approach to decrease BCG toxicity. Urol Ann 2013; 5:103-8. [PMID: 23798868 PMCID: PMC3685738 DOI: 10.4103/0974-7796.110008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2012] [Accepted: 04/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) therapy is the standard treatment for nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). However, its toxicity is a major concern. Aim: If we reduce the number of BCG doses by half and replace the second half with epirubicin, we may have a lower toxicity while maintaining the same efficacy of BCG. To test this hypothesis, we conducted this study as an update of our previous report. Setting and Design: The study included 607 patients with Ta and T1 NMIBC between January 1994 and December 2008. Materials and Methods: After transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT), the patients received weekly doses of 120 mg BCG alternating with 50 mg epirubicin for six weeks (three weekly doses of each). Maintenance was given. Recurrence, progression rates, and toxicity were assessed. End points were progression, recurrence, and cancer-specific survival. Results: A total of 532 patients were eligible for evaluation (mean age: 58 years; median follow-up: 45 months). Of these, 291 (55%) were free, 157 (29.5%) showed recurrence, and 84 (15.8%) showed muscle-invasive progression. Toxicity developed in 221 patients. These were mild in the majority (167), whereas 10 developed hematuria, 30 severe cystitis, and five systemic complications. The rate of permanent therapy discontinuation was 3.8%. Statistical Analysis Used: SPSS package version 16 and Kaplan-Meier curves were used to evaluate survival. Conclusions: Reducing the frequency of BCG instillations by half and replacing the second half with epirubicin results in a similar efficacy and a lower toxicity compared with historical cases receiving BCG alone. However, further trials are required to support these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bedeir Ali-El-Dein
- Department of Urology, Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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