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Rohde C, Thiele AG, Baerwald C, Ascherl RG, Lier D, Och U, Heller C, Jung A, Schönherr K, Joerg-Streller M, Luttat S, Matzgen S, Winkler T, Rosenbaum-Fabian S, Joos O, Beblo S. Preventing maternal phenylketonuria (PKU) syndrome: important factors to achieve good metabolic control throughout pregnancy. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2021; 16:477. [PMID: 34794480 PMCID: PMC8600879 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-021-02108-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Insufficient metabolic control during pregnancy of mothers with phenylketonuria (PKU) leads to maternal PKU syndrome, a severe embryo-/fetopathy. Since maintaining or reintroducing the strict phenylalanine (Phe) limited diet in adults with PKU is challenging, we evaluated the most important dietary and psychosocial factors to gain and sustain good metabolic control in phenylketonuric women throughout pregnancy by a questionnaire survey with 38 questions concerning therapy feasibility. Among them, the key questions covered 5 essential items of PKU care as follows: General information about maternal PKU, PKU training, diet implementation, individual metabolic care, personal support. In addition, all participating PKU mothers were asked to estimate the quality of their personal metabolic control of the concluded pregnancies. 54 PKU mothers with 81 pregnancies were approached at 12 metabolic centers in Germany and Austria were included. According to metabolic control, pregnancies of PKU women were divided in two groups: group “ideal” (not more than 5% of all blood Phe concentrations during pregnancy > 360 µmol/l; n = 23) and group “suboptimal” (all others; n = 51). Results The demand for support was equally distributed among groups, concerning both amount and content. Personal support by the direct social environment (partner, family and friends) (“suboptimal” 71% vs “ideal” 78%) as well as individual metabolic care by the specialized metabolic center (both groups around 60%) were rated as most important factors. The groups differed significantly with respect to the estimation of the quality of their metabolic situation (p < 0.001). Group “ideal” presented a 100% realistic self-assessment. In contrast, group “suboptimal” overestimated their metabolic control in 53% of the pregnancies. Offspring of group “suboptimal” showed clinical signs of maternal PKU-syndrome in 27%. Conclusion The development of training programs by specialized metabolic centers for females with PKU in child bearing age is crucial, especially since those mothers at risk of giving birth to a child with maternal PKU syndrome are not aware of their suboptimal metabolic control. Such programs should provide specific awareness training for the own metabolic situation and should include partners and families. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13023-021-02108-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Rohde
- Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Centre for Pediatric Research Leipzig (CPL), Department of Women and Child Health, University Hospital, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Alena Gerlinde Thiele
- Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Centre for Pediatric Research Leipzig (CPL), Department of Women and Child Health, University Hospital, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christoph Baerwald
- University Hospital Internal Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rudolf Georg Ascherl
- Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Centre for Pediatric Research Leipzig (CPL), Department of Women and Child Health, University Hospital, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dinah Lier
- Department of Pediatrics, Klinikum Am Steinenberg, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Ulrike Och
- Pediatrics Department of the University Clinic, Münster, Germany
| | - Christina Heller
- Department for Inborn Metabolic Diseases, Children's and Adolescents' Hospital, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alexandra Jung
- Center of Excellence for Rare Metabolic Diseases, Charité, University Medicin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kathrin Schönherr
- Centre for Inborn Metabolic Disorders, Department of Neuropediatrics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Monika Joerg-Streller
- Clinic for Pediatrics, Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Simone Luttat
- Clinic for Pediatrics, University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Matzgen
- Department for General Pediatrics, Metabolic Unit, University Clinic of the the Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | | | | | - Oxana Joos
- University Hospital, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Skadi Beblo
- Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Centre for Pediatric Research Leipzig (CPL), Department of Women and Child Health, University Hospital, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Polak E, Ficek A, Radvanszky J, Soltysova A, Urge O, Cmelova E, Kantarska D, Kadasi L. Phenylalanine hydroxylase deficiency in the Slovak population: genotype-phenotype correlations and genotype-based predictions of BH4-responsiveness. Gene 2013; 526:347-55. [PMID: 23764561 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.05.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2013] [Revised: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the mutation spectrum of the phenylalanine hydroxylase gene (PAH) in a cohort of patients from 135 Slovak PKU families. Mutational screening of the known coding region, including conventional intron splice sites, was performed using high-resolution melting analysis, with subsequent sequencing analysis of the samples showing deviated melting profiles compared to control samples. The PAH gene was also screened for deletions and duplications using MLPA analysis. Forty-eight different disease causing mutations were identified in our patient group, including 30 missense, 8 splicing, 7 nonsense, 2 large deletions and 1 small deletion with frameshift; giving a detection rate of 97.6%. The most prevalent mutation was the p.R408W, occurring in 47% of all alleles, which concurs with results from neighboring and other Slavic countries. Other frequent mutations were: p.R158Q (5.3%), IVS12+1G>A (5.3%), p.R252W (5.1%), p.R261Q (3.9%) and p.A403V (3.6%). We also identified three novel missense mutations: p.F233I, p.R270I, p.F331S and one novel variant: c.-30A>T in the proximal part of the PAH gene promoter. A spectrum of 84 different genotypes was observed and a genotype based predictions of BH4-responsiveness were assessed. Among all genotypes, 36 were predicted to be BH4-responsive represented by 51 PKU families. In addition, genotype-phenotype correlations were performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil Polak
- Comenius University, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology, Mlynska Dolina, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
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