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Wojtyła-Buciora P, Klimberg A, Kapka-Skrzypczak L, Diatczyk J, Urbaniak M, Ulatowska-Szostak E, Bołdowski T, Wojtyła A, Marcinkowski JT. Monitoring risk behaviour in adolescent pupils regarding consumption of psychoactive substances. Ann Agric Environ Med 2017; 24:350-355. [PMID: 28664722 DOI: 10.26444/aaem/74449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction. Taking psychoactive substances constitutes a significant problem for Public Health, particularly in preventing drug abuse and addiction. Objectives. To estimate the amount and incidence of drug consumption in middle and high school pupils, including the circumstances in which drug taking first started, and to determine pupils' knowledge about the consequences of taking psychoactive substances and designer drugs (DDs). Materials and methods. A randomised study was conducted throughout Poland on 9,360 pupils attending middle school (junior high school) in 2009 and 7,971 pupils from middle and high school pupils in 2011. The survey consisted of a questionnaire devised by the Chief Sanitary Inspectorate (GIS) and the replies obtained were subject to the relevant statistical analyses. Results. Drug taking was found to have increased between 2009-2011, especially among those attending high school; proportionally rising from 4% - 11%. The numbers who had ever taken designer drugs were 3% for middle school pupils and 4% from high school. Conclusions. 1) Adolescent drug consumption has increased, particularly in those of older age and in boys. 2) Despite the only brief interval for which designer drugs were legal, they have gained high popularity among the young. 3) Adolescents have insufficient knowledge about the dangers of using DDs. 4) Faced with the growing threat of a dynamic designer drug market, appropriate counter-measures in education and prevention are therefore necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aneta Klimberg
- Department of Hygiene, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Lucyna Kapka-Skrzypczak
- Department of Molecular Biology and Translational Research, Institute of Rural Health, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Jarosław Diatczyk
- Institute of Electrical Engineering and Electrotechnologies, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Lublin University of Technology, Poland
| | - Monika Urbaniak
- Chair and Department of Facility Management Organizations in Health Care, University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Tomasz Bołdowski
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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Abstract
Despite considerable progress within wilderness and adventure therapy research over the last decade, researchers are still unable to precisely answer why, how, and for whom this treatment modality works. There is also a need for more knowledge regarding the circumstances under which the treatment does not appear to be effective. In this realist synthesis, we attempt to unpack this "black box" of wilderness therapy more specifically, defined as a specialized approach to mental health treatment for adolescents. Through a focused review of the primary qualitative wilderness therapy studies, empirical findings are used to test and refine a key program theory. The synthesis results in a proposed wilderness therapy clinical model and offers informed implications for future theory development, research, and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Terje Mesel
- University of Agder, Kristiansand/Grimstad, Norway
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Chambers R, Tingey L, Mullany B, Parker S, Lee A, Barlow A. Exploring sexual risk taking among American Indian adolescents through protection motivation theory. AIDS Care 2016; 28:1089-96. [PMID: 27064364 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2016.1164289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This paper examines decision-making around sexual behavior among reservation-based American Indian youth. Focus group discussions were conducted with youth ages 13-19 years old. Through these discussions, we explored youth's knowledge, attitudes and behaviors related to sexual risk taking through the lens of the protection motivation theory to inform the adaptation of an evidence-based HIV prevention intervention. Findings suggest that condom use self-efficacy and HIV prevention knowledge is low, vulnerability to sexually transmitted infections is lacking and alcohol plays a significant role in sexual risk taking in this population. In addition, parental monitoring and peer influence may contribute to or protect against sexual risk taking. Results suggest that future HIV prevention interventions should be delivered to gender-specific peer groups, include a parental component, teach sexual health education and communication skills, integrate substance-use prevention, and work to remove stigma around obtaining and using condoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Chambers
- a Johns Hopkins Center for American Indian Health, Department of International Health , Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Lauren Tingey
- a Johns Hopkins Center for American Indian Health, Department of International Health , Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Britta Mullany
- a Johns Hopkins Center for American Indian Health, Department of International Health , Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Sean Parker
- a Johns Hopkins Center for American Indian Health, Department of International Health , Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Angelita Lee
- a Johns Hopkins Center for American Indian Health, Department of International Health , Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Allison Barlow
- a Johns Hopkins Center for American Indian Health, Department of International Health , Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health , Baltimore , MD , USA
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Abstract
This article discusses how qualitative vignettes were combined with interviews to explore a complex public health issue; that is, promoting unhealthy foods and beverages to children and adolescents. It outlines how the technique was applied in practice and the combination of vignette-based interviews with a broader approach involving Gadamerian hermeneutics. Twenty-one participants from the public health community and the marketing and food and beverage industries took part in vignette-based interviews between March and September 2012. Overall, the qualitative vignette method afforded an efficient, generally well-received technique that effectively explored the issue of promoting unhealthy foods and beverages to children and adolescents. The vignette provided structure to interviews but allowed certain responses to be investigated in greater depth. Through this research, we argue that qualitative vignettes allow researchers to explore complex public health issues. This article also provides a valuable resource for researchers seeking to explore this technique.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Boyd Swinburn
- Deakin University, Burwood, Australia University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Abstract
This is one of the first qualitative event-based studies to understand the various mechanisms through which multiple factors influence condom use decision making among homeless youth. Event-level interviews that explore characteristics of the environment surrounding sexual events were conducted with 29 youth who were asked to describe two recent sexual encounters. In thematic analyses of data across events, reasons that youth gave for engaging in unprotected sex included the expectation of having sex and use of alternative methods of protection against pregnancy. Other nonevent factors that influenced condom use decision making were related to attributes of the partnership (e.g., testing, trust and love, and assessments of risk) and attributes of the youth (e.g., perceptions of diseases, concerns over pregnancy, and discomfort using condoms). Additional event analyses conducted within the same individuals found that decision making was influenced by multiple interacting factors, with different pathways operating for event and nonevent factors. Future interventions should consider taking a multilevel and individualized approach that focuses on event-based determinants of risky sex in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashodhara Rana
- RAND Health, RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, California, USA
| | - Ryan A. Brown
- RAND Health, RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, California, USA
| | | | - Gery W. Ryan
- RAND Health, RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, California, USA
| | - Stefanie Stern
- RAND Health, RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, California, USA
| | - Joan S. Tucker
- RAND Health, RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, California, USA
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Abstract
As part of a community/university collaborative effort to promote the mental health and well-being of Diné (Navajo) youth, we explored the relevance of addressing historical trauma and current structural stressors, and of building on individual and community strengths through healing and social transformation at multiple levels. Qualitative analyses of 74 ethnographic interviews with 37 Diné youth, parents, and grandparents suggested that a focus on historical trauma as a conceptual frame for behavioral health inequities, understood within the context of resilience and survival, is appropriate. Our findings also highlight the salience of current stressors such as poverty and violence exposure. We explore the fit of an historical trauma healing framework and present implications for intervention and transformation through revitalization of traditional knowledge, culturally based healing practices, intergenerational education, and social change strategies designed to eliminate social inequities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R Goodkind
- University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA.
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Guilamo-Ramos V, Soletti AB, Burnette D, Sharma S, Leavitt S, McCarthy K. Parent-adolescent communication about sex in rural India: U.S.-India collaboration to prevent adolescent HIV. Qual Health Res 2012; 22:788-800. [PMID: 22232297 PMCID: PMC3343220 DOI: 10.1177/1049732311431943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we examine parent-adolescent communication about sex among rural Indian youth and their parents. We conducted in-depth interviews (N = 40) with mothers, fathers, and adolescent boys and girls aged 14 to 18 years in a rural community in Maharashtra, India. In the context of key cultural factors, including gender-related norms, we explore issues of sexual health and critically assess widely held beliefs that Indian parents are unwilling or unable to discuss sex-related topics with their children. Our findings suggest that despite communication barriers, e.g., lack of knowledge and cultural proscriptions, Indian families are interested in and willing to communicate about sex-related topics. Future research should seek to determine the viability of family-based HIV prevention interventions for Indian adolescents.
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Macphail CL, Sayles JN, Cunningham W, Newman PA. Perceptions of sexual risk compensation following posttrial HIV vaccine uptake among young South Africans. Qual Health Res 2012; 22:668-678. [PMID: 22218269 PMCID: PMC3735355 DOI: 10.1177/1049732311431944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Concerns about the impact of risk compensation on advances in biomedical human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention technologies have been documented. We conducted an exploratory qualitative study using focus group discussions with young South African men and women (aged 18 to 24 years) to explore perceptions of risk compensation with regard to a hypothetical posttrial HIV vaccine. During the discussions, participants expressed their disquiet about the potential for risk compensation and the manner in which this might manifest among young people. Discussions specifically focused on reductions in condom use, an increase in multiple partners, and increased frequency of sex. The discussions also revealed contradictory feelings about HIV vaccines: appreciation for their development tempered by concerns about loss of control and undermining morality. Women were particularly concerned with the possibility of increased partner concurrency and infidelity. We suggest that concerns in HIV vaccine target populations about the impact of possible risk compensation be incorporated into strategies for vaccine introduction once vaccines move from the hypothetical to reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine L Macphail
- Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
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